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47-820: The Kingdom of Tanjungpura is proof that the civilisation of Tanah Kayong was quite advanced in the past. Tanjungpura was once a province of the Singasari Kingdom as Bakulapura . The name "bakula" comes from Sanskrit which means a tanjung plant ( Mimusops elengi ), so that after being elongated it became Tanjungpura. Some of the descendants of this kingdom are scattered in several regions due to marriage, etc. There are those who live in Mempawah , Pontianak and several other cities. There are some descendants of this kingdom who released their titles and did not use their royal titles. Tanjungpura's territory stretched from Tanjung Dato to Tanjung Sambar . The island of ancient Borneo

94-457: A capital city of a Malay kingdom called Tanjungpura . It was referred to by Seventeenth and Eighteenth-century European writers as Succadano or Succadana, noted for its port, and described as being "in the land of Candavangan" (i.e. Kendawangan). Succadano was also, confusingly, the name given to the Banjarmasin river, which flows south to meet the sea at Banjarmasin in southeastern Borneo, on

141-640: A peaceful naval campaign northward towards the weak remains of the Srivijaya in response to continuous Ceylon pirate raids and Chola kingdom's invasion from India which conquered Srivijaya's Kedah in 1025. The strongest of these Malaya kingdoms was Jambi , which captured the Srivijaya capital in 1088, followed by the Dharmasraya Kingdom , and the Temasek Kingdom of Singapore. The military force known as

188-446: A regent from Sumenep on the island of Madura . The Kediri (Gelang-gelang) army attacked Singhasari simultaneously from both north and south. The king only realized the invasion from the north and sent his son-in-law, Nararya Sanggramawijaya , informally known as 'Raden Wijaya', northward to vanquish the rebellion. The northern attack was put at bay, but the southern attackers successfully remained undetected until they reached and sacked

235-529: A wider area. According to the Pararaton , Bhre Tanjungpura was the son of Bhre Tumapel II ( Suhita 's brother). Bhre Tanjungpura was named Manggalawardhani Dyah Suragharini who ruled 1429-1464, she was the daughter-in-law of Bhre Tumapel III Kertawijaya . Later, the Trailokyapuri inscription mentions Manggalawardhani Dyah Suragharini as Bhre Daha VI (1464-1474). In the mandala (circle) of Majapahit, Ratu Majapahit

282-502: Is agriculture and the sultanate was known as the Sultanate of Tanjungpura. In 1501, King Karang Tunjung died and was succeeded by his son, Panembahan Kalahrang. In the reign of this king, the Sutanate of Matan widened its territory so that it consisted of Tanjung Datuk, Tanjung Putting, Sintang, and Karimata, and had even made a trade relation with Majapahit. In 1502, Panembahan Bandala was on

329-428: Is the prasada , while Mahapatih Gajahmada is the pranala (link), while Madura and Tanjungpura are the ansa (handle or shade). The capital city of Tanjungpura Kingdom moved several times from one place to another. Some of the reasons why Tanjungpura Kingdom moved its capital were mainly due to attacks from pirate gangs, known as Lanon (lanun). It is said that at that time, Lanon's actions were very cruel and disturbed

376-698: Is the name of a place on the Puye River, a tributary of the Pawan River in Sandai District. Then it was called Kartapura Kingdom because it moved again to Karta Pura in Tanah Merah village, Nanga Tayap sub-district, then to Tanjungpura Village now (Muara Pawan sub-district) and finally moved again to Muliakarta in the Muhammad Saunan Palace which is now the last as the centre of self-government. Evidence of

423-690: The Dutch in 1942, so there was a government vacuum in the Kingdom of Simpang. At the end of the Japanese occupation in Indonesia , around 1945, Gusti Ibrahim, the son of Gusti Egypt, was appointed as king. However, because at that time Gusti Ibrahim was only 14 years old, the wheels of government were run by the royal family, namely Gusti Mahmud or Mangkubumi who led the Simpang Kingdom until his death in 1952. According to

470-918: The Mongol horde by repelling a Mongol force in 1293. As the centre of the Malayan peninsula trade winds , the rising power, influence, and wealth of the Javanese Singhasari empire came to the attention of Kublai Khan of the Mongol Yuan dynasty based in China . Moreover, Singhasari had allied with Champa , another powerful state in the region. Both Java (Singhasari) and Champa were worried about Mongol expansion and raids against neighbouring states, such as their raid of Bagan in Burma . Kublai Khan then sent emissaries demanding submission and tribute from Java. In 1280, Kublai Khan sent

517-594: The Negeri Tanjungpura became the capital of the areas claimed as Majapahit conquests in Tanjungnagara Nusa (Kalimantan). Majapahit claimed the former conquered areas of Srivijaya on the island of Borneo and its surroundings. The name Tanjungpura was often used to refer to the island of Borneo at that time. Other opinions assume that Tanjungpura was in South Kalimantan as a more strategic base to control

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564-589: The Pamalayu expedition was led by Admiral Mahesa Anabrang (a.k.a. Adwaya Brahman) to the Malaya region, and was also intended to secure the Malayan strait, the ‘Maritime Silk Road’, against potential Mongol invasion and ferocious sea pirates. These Malayan kingdoms then pledged allegiance to the king. King Kertanegara had long wished to surpass Srivijaya as a regional maritime empire, controlling sea trade routes from China to India. The Pamalayu expedition from 1275 to 1292, from

611-717: The Staatsblad van Nederlandisch Indië of 1849, the territories of these kingdoms were included in the Wester-afdeeling based on the Bêsluit van den Minister van Staat , Gouverneur-Generaal van Nederlandsch-Indie , on 27 August 1849, No. 8 Although fragmented into several kingdoms, the kingdoms derived from the Tanjungpura Kingdom (Sukadana Kingdom, Simpang-Matan Kingdom, and Kayong-Matan Kingdom or Tanjungpura II Kingdom) still exist with their respective governments. The genealogy of

658-559: The lion is not an endemic animal of Java , the symbolic depiction of lions is common in Indonesian culture, attributed to the influence of Hindu - Buddhist symbolism. Singhasari was founded by Ken Arok (1182–1227/1247), whose story is a popular folktale in Central and East Java. Most of Ken Arok's life story and the early history of Singhasari were taken from the Pararaton account, which also incorporates some mythical aspects. Ken Arok

705-820: The Banjarmasin mandala (Kotawaringin area). The watershed of the Jelai-Bila River in Kotawaringin is under the control of Banjarmasin, while the Kendawangan River is under the control of Sukadana Kingdom. Inland borders, the headwaters of the Pinoh (Lawai) river basin were included in the territory of the Kotawaringin Sultanate (subordinate to Banjarmasin). During the time of Mahapatih Gajah Mada and Hayam Wuruk as mentioned in Kakawin Nagarakretagama ,

752-584: The Khan's envoy by cutting and scarring the face of Meng Ki, one of the Mongols' envoys (some sources even state that the king cut the envoy's ear himself). The envoy returned to China with the answer – the scar – of the Javan king written on his face. Enraged by this humiliation and the disgrace committed against his envoy and his patience, in late 1292 Kublai Khan sent 1,000 war junks for a punitive expedition that arrived off

799-937: The Royal Family of Matan-Tanjungpura; Genealogy of Malay and Bugis Kings; Raja Ali Haji, Tufat al-Nafis; Harun Jelani, 2004; H.J. de Graaf, 2002; Gusti Kamboja, 2004), namely as follows: Today the name of the kingdom is immortalised as the name of the state university in West Kalimantan, Tanjungpura University in Pontianak, and is also used by the Indonesian Army as the name of the military unit (Kodam) in Kubu Raya , Kodam XII/Tanjungpura . Singhasari Singhasari ( Javanese : ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦱꦶꦔ꧀ꦲꦱꦫꦶ , romanized:  Karaton Singhasari or Karaton Singosari , Indonesian : Kerajaan Singasari ), also known as Tumapel ,

846-527: The Sultanate of Matan. The missionary was Syeh Husein. Pangeran Giri Kesuma then gave a title to the son of syeh Husein, Syarif Hasan, as Sultan Aliuddin. After Pangeran Giri Kesuma died, Ratu Mas Jintan was enthroned as a female queen titled Ratu Sukadana (Queen Sukadana). The Dutch came to Sukadana in 1604 and fought a war with Queen Sukadana until the queen was replaced by another Queen, Panembahan Air Mala. In this periode also Adipati Kendal with his Mataram Expedition , attacked Matan (1622). Panembahan Air Mala

893-520: The Tanjungpura Kingdom. From Negeri Baru, the capital of the Tanjungpura Kingdom moved to Sukadana. During the reign of Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin (1665-1724), the centre of the palace shifted again, this time placed in the Sungai Matan area. This is where the history of the Matan Kingdom began. A Dutch writer referred to the area as the Matan Kingdom, although the actual name of the kingdom at that time

940-465: The coast of Tuban , Java in early 1293. King Kertanegara, whose troops were now spread thin and located elsewhere, did not realize that a coup was being prepared by the former Kediri royal lineage. In 1292, Regent Jayakatwang , a vassal king from the Kingdom of Daha (also known as Kediri or Gelang-gelang) , prepared his army to conquer Singhasari and kill its king if possible, assisted by Arya Viraraja,

987-468: The creek bed of Kali Mas River, a distributary of Brantas River , which was followed by the battle of Mongol forces against Daha forces that attacked the Majapahit regional army led by Raden Wijaya. The Mongols then stormed Daha and Jayakatwang finally surrendered and was executed. Once Jayakatwang was eliminated, Raden Vijaya then turned his troops on his former Mongol allies, forcing them to withdraw from

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1034-519: The existence of the rest of this kingdom can be seen with the existence of old tombs in these cities, which are silent witnesses to the rest of the Tanjungpura kingdom. To maintain this heritage the Ketapang Regency government has conducted restoration and maintenance in the place of the royal heritage. The goal is that young generations can learn the glory of the Tanjungpura kingdom in the past. At

1081-481: The first emissary to King Kertanegara , demanding Singhasari's submission and tribute to the great Khan. The demand was refused. The next year in 1281, the Khan sent another envoy, demanding the same, which was refused again. Eight years later, in 1289, the last envoy was sent to demand the same, and King Kertanegara refused to pay tribute. In the audition throne room of the Singhasari court, King Kertanegara humiliated

1128-521: The future capital of the empire. In early 1293, the Mongol naval forces arrived on the north coast of Java (near Tuban ) and on the Brantas River mouth to flank what they thought was Singhasari. Raden Wijaya found the opportunity to use the unsuspecting Mongols to overthrow Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya's army allied with the Mongols in March 1293 and a battle ensued between Mongol forces against Daha forces in

1175-460: The history and genealogy of the kings of Tanjungpura and other kingdoms that are still in the same series, the following is presented according to one version, namely based on the book Sekilas Menapak Langkah Kerajaan Tanjungpura (2007) edited by Drs. H. Gusti Mhd. Mulia: During the reign of Panembahan Karang Tanjung, the centre of the Tanjungpura Kingdom which was originally located in Negeri Baru

1222-627: The island of Java on 31 May 1293. The victor, Prince Wijaya, son-in-law of Kertanegara , the last Singhasari king, then ascended the throne as Kertajasa Jayawardhana, the first king of the great Majapahit Empire , on 12 November 1293. The Gondang Inscription is an in-situ inscription dating back to the era of the Singhasari Kingdom which was only discovered in 2017 in the middle of rice fields in Rejoso Hamlet, Gondang Village, Gondang District, Mojokerto Regency , East Java . The inscription

1269-455: The king of Champa (Vietnam). King Kertanegara erased any Srivijayan influence from Java and Bali in 1290. However, the expansive campaigns exhausted most of the Kingdom's military forces and in the future would stir a murderous plot against the unsuspecting King Kertanegara. Singhasari, and its successor kingdom, Majapahit, were among the few kingdoms in Asia that were able to thwart an invasion by

1316-555: The kings who once ruled in the Matan Kingdom (and before the establishment of the Matan Kingdom) above is one version that was successfully obtained. There are other versions that also mention the genealogy of the kings of Matan obtained from the Matan Royal family itself by collecting data from various sources (P.J. Veth, 1854; J.U. Lontaan, 1975; H. von Dewall, 1862; J. Von Dewall, 1862; P.J. Barth, 1862). P.J. Barth, 1896; Genealogy of

1363-485: The name was given by Ken Arok during the foundation of the new kingdom to replace its old name, Tumapel, located in a fertile highland valley which today corresponds to the area in and around Malang city. It derives from Sanskrit word singha which means "lion" and sari which in Old Javanese could mean either "essence" or "to sleep". Thus Singhasari could be translated as "essence of lion" or "sleeping lion". Although

1410-487: The notes of Gusti Iswadi, S.sos in the book Pesona Tanah Kayong , Tanjungpura Kingdom in historical perspective mentioned, that, from the new country of Tanjungpura kingdom moved to Sukadana so called Sukadana Kingdom, then moved again to Sungai Matan (now Kecamatan Simpang Hilir). And during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin, around 1637, moved again to Indra Laya so it was called the Indralaya Kingdom. Indra Laya

1457-448: The other side of the island. The main industries consists in the production of palm oil , rubber, and wood. The current political leadership has made commitments to provide free education and health care to all residents and primary and secondary school fees that are paid elsewhere in Indonesia have been waived. There are no institutes of higher education. The local government provides free public healthcare through clinics throughout

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1504-458: The population. Starting from the end of the 15th century, the Tanjungpura Kingdom often changed the centre of government to defend itself because it was often attacked by other kingdoms. The frequent movement of the capital of the Tanjungpura Kingdom is evidenced by the historical sites found in the former capitals of the kingdom. Negeri Baru in Ketapang is one of the places that was once the centre of

1551-574: The province, including a "floating clinic" based on a boat to serve the islands off the west coast of the regency. The NGO Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) also operates a clinic in Sukadana, which offers community-oriented conservation initiatives, such as offering discounted care to locals who commit to curbing illegal logging in the Gunung Palung National Park. The nearest hospitals are in the neighboring regency of Ketapang . The nearest airport

1598-491: The same regent (Bupati) Arya Wiraraja of Madura, Nambi's father, who then turned his back to Jayakatwang. With Arya Wiraraja's patronage, Raden Wijaya, pretending to submit to King Jayakatwang, won favour from the new monarch of Kediri, who permitted him to open a new settlement north of Mount Arjuna, the Tarik forest. In this wilderness, Wijaya found many bitter Maja fruits , so it was called Majapahit (literally meaning “bitter Maja”),

1645-462: The throne and the people’s life pattern had changed into maritime pattern. His successor was Sibiring Mambal, titled Pangeran Dibarok, because the crown prince, Giri Kesuma, was at that time still under age. Pangeran Dibarok ruled between 1538–1550 AD. In 1550, at the time of Pangeran Giri Kesuma, who was the husband of Ratu Mas Jintan, the princess of the Sultanate of Landak , Islam was spreading across

1692-519: The time of King Brawijaya reigned in Majapahit, the crown prince of Majapahit, Prabu Jaya , was exiled by his brothers to Kandang Kerbau in Matan. The crown prince was then married a Dayak princess, Dayang Putung, and build a kingdom in Kuala Kandang Kerbau . They had three sons: After Raja Baparung died, his son, karang Tunjung, was enthroned in 1431. The life pattern of this sultanate at that time

1739-629: The time of Singhasari to Majapahit, is chronicled in the Javanese scroll Nagarakrtagama . Singhasari's territory thus became Majapahit territory. In the year 1284, King Kertanegara led a hostile Pabali expedition to Bali, which integrated Bali into the Singhasari kingdom's territory. The king also sent troops, expeditions, and envoys to other nearby kingdoms such as the Sunda-Galuh Kingdom, Pahang Kingdom , Balakana Kingdom (Kalimantan/Borneo), and Gurun Kingdom (Maluku). He also established an alliance with

1786-449: The unprepared capital city of Kutaraja. Jayakatwang usurped and killed Kertanagara during the Tantra sacred ceremony, thus bringing an end to the Singhasari kingdom. Having learned of the fall of the Singhasari capital of Kutaraja due to Kediri's treachery, Raden Wijaya tried to defend Singhasari but failed. He and his three colleagues, Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi, went to exile in favour of

1833-498: Was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292. The kingdom succeeded the Kingdom of Kediri as the dominant kingdom in eastern Java. The kingdom's name is cognate to the Singosari district of Malang Regency , located several kilometres north of Malang City. Singhasari (alternate spelling: Singosari ) was mentioned in several Javanese manuscripts, including Pararaton . According to tradition,

1880-655: Was an orphan born of a mother named Ken Endok and an unknown father (some tales stated he was a son of the god Brahma ) in the Kediri kingdom's territory. Ken Arok rose from being a servant of Tunggul Ametung, a regional ruler in Tumapel (present-day Malang ) to becoming a ruler of Java from Kediri. He is considered the founder of the Rajasa dynasty of both the Singhasari and later the Majapahit line of monarchs. He killed Tunggul Ametung and

1927-595: Was divided into three major kingdoms: Brunei , Sukadana (Tanjungpura) and Banjarmasin . However, recent studies suggest that Poli (or Poni) refers to a Santubong kingdom at the mouth of the Sarawak River, which was once called Punik estuary. Tanjung Dato is the border between the Borneo (Brunei) mandala and the Sukadana (Tanjungpura) mandala, while Tanjung Sambar is the border between the Sukadana/Tanjungpura mandala and

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1974-531: Was founded by local residents and was written in the Old Javanese language bearing the date 1197 Saka or 1275 AD. Sukadana Sukadana ( Chinese : 巫律述 ) is a town and regency seat of North Kayong Regency (Kabupaten Kayong Utara), on the island of Borneo . North Kayong regency is one of the regencies of West Kalimantan province in Indonesia . The nearest airport is Rahadi Osman Airport which located at Ketapang Regency . Sukadana used to be

2021-452: Was later assassinated by Anusapati , in revenge for killing his father, Tunggul Ametung. Ken Arok's son Panji Tohjaya assassinated Anusapati, but he in turn reigned only a few months in 1248 before his nephews revolted. These two, Ranga Wuni and Mahisha Champaka, ruled together under the names Vishnuvardhana and Narasimhamurti. In the year 1275, King Kertanegara , the fifth ruler of Singhasari who had been reigning since 1254, launched

2068-524: Was moved to Sukadana, thus changing the name of the kingdom to Sukadana Kingdom. Sukadana is the name mentioned for this kingdom in the Hikayat Banjar . A map created by Oliver van Noord in 1600, depicted the locations of Succadano, Tamanpure, Cota Matan, and Loue. This was the last king of the Sukadana Kingdom as well as the first king of the Tanjungpura Kingdom with the title Sultan. Gusti Asma

2115-427: Was replaced by Sultan Aliuddin who also known as Sultan Muhammad Syarifuddin. Sultan Aliudin was the ancestor of the kings whom ruled the Sultanate of Matan-Tanjungpura afterward. In tracing the kings who once led the Matan Kingdom, it is also worth knowing the genealogy of the kings of the Tanjungpura Kingdom because these two kingdoms are actually still in one long historical series. Since there are several versions of

2162-649: Was still the Tanjungpura Kingdom. The centre of government moved again in 1637 to the Indra Laya region. Creating the Indra Laya Kingdom. Indra Laya is the name of a place on the banks of the Puye River, a tributary of the Pawan River . The Tanjungpura Kingdom moved again to Kartapura, then to Tanjungpura Village, and finally moved again to Muliakerta where the Muhammad Saunan Palace now stands. According to

2209-498: Was the last king of Matan Kingdom and during his reign, This then leads to a further fragmentation within the kingdom. The centre of Matan Kingdom was moved to Simpang, and the name of the kingdom was changed to Simpang Kingdom or Simpang-Matan Kingdom. Whilst another kingdom was led Kayong-Matan Kingdom (also named Second Tanjungpura Kingdom). Gusti Mesir became a prisoner of the Imperial Japanese army who captured Indonesia from

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