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134-547: The heliport was built by the Port of New York Authority in 1960 on a pier formerly used as a general cargo terminal and was reconstructed from 1983 to 1987. The Port Authority operated the facility until 2008, after which operation of the city-owned heliport was taken over by Saker Aviation. It was the first heliport in the United States to receive Federal Aviation Administration certification for scheduled passenger helicopter service,

268-518: A request for proposal (RFP) seeking a heliport operator which would be encouraged to incentivize the use of eVTOLs after FAA certification of this type of aircraft and develop a plan to install the infrastructure needed to accommodate eVTOLs. The RFP also included a requirement to support the development of a marine micro-distribution facility at the site, which would receive waterborne freight deliveries and facilitate last-mile deliveries by greener forms of transportation, such as cargo bikes . Much of

402-633: A 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were no road bridge or tunnel crossings between the two states. The initial tunnel crossings were completed privately by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad in 1908 and 1909 ("Hudson Tubes"), followed by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1910 (" North River Tunnels "). Under an independent agency, the Holland Tunnel

536-494: A 550-by-85-foot (168 by 26 m) concrete pier and a 300-by-90-foot (91 by 27 m) barge, the Alice G. Neumann , which is anchored perpendicularly to the north side of the pier. The helipad is located at the far end of the pier, which also contains a parking lot for autos and a 6,300-square-foot (590 m), two-story soundproof concrete terminal building that includes a waiting room and pilot's lounge, with administrative offices and

670-705: A body corporate, or for criminal penalty (maximum) of seven years imprisonment and/or penalty of $ 46,200. EIA provisions within Ministerial Authorities in the ACT are found in the Chapters 7 and 8 of the Planning and Development Act 2007 (ACT). EIA in ACT was previously administered with the help of Part 4 of the Land (Planning and Environment) Act 1991 (Land Act) and Territory Plan (plan for land-use). Note that some EIA may occur in

804-478: A casualty of investigations into the " Bridgegate " scandal. Basil Paterson , father of former Governor David Paterson , served on the board from 1989–95, and again from 2013–14. The current commissioners are: On July 14, 2016, David Samson pleaded guilty to a felony for conspiring to impede an airport project to coerce United Airlines to reinstate a discontinued flight to an airport in South Carolina, near

938-632: A complete ban on all tourist flights. Traffic at the Downtown Manhattan Heliport increased to 58,021 total flights in 2014; the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) estimated that over 56,000 of these were sightseeing trips. In February 2016, an agreement between the city and helicopter tour operators was reached to cut the number of sightseeing flights in half by January 1, 2017 (compared to 2015 baseline levels), restrict sightseeing flights to

1072-809: A context of sustainable development. According to the Law 4/1994 for the Protection of the Environment, the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) was restructured with the new mandate to substitute the institution initially established in 1982. At the central level, EEAA represents the executive arm of the Ministry. The purpose of EIA is to ensure the protection and conservation of the environment and natural resources including human health aspects against uncontrolled development. The long-term objective

1206-433: A decision-making component" that provide "...an objective basis for granting or denying approval for a proposed development." Justice La Forest addressed his concerns about the implications of Bill C-45 regarding public navigation rights on lakes and rivers that would contradict previous cases.( La Forest 1973 , pp. 178–80) The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act 2012 (CEAA 2012) "and its regulations establish

1340-424: A flight observation deck located on the second floor. A total of 13 helicopter parking spaces are currently provided at the heliport, 10 of which are located on the barge and 3 of which are located on the pier. While the helipad at the end of the pier serves as the designated Touch-down and Lift-off (TLOF) area, the 13 spaces on the barge and pier are also used as hybrid takeoff/landing and parking spots. The spots on

1474-452: A healthy environment and a healthy economy; and (i) to encourage the study of the cumulative effects of physical activities in a region and the consideration of those study results in environmental assessments." Canadian Environmental Assessment Act Environmental Lawyer Dianne Saxe argued that the CEAA 2012 "allows the federal government to create mandatory timelines for assessments of even

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1608-762: A home that he owned. He was appointed by Chris Christie. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey manages and maintains infrastructure critical to the New York/New Jersey region's trade and transportation network—five of the region's airports, the New York/New Jersey seaport, the PATH rail transit system, six tunnels and bridges between New York and New Jersey, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Manhattan and The World Trade Center site. The Port of New York and New Jersey

1742-451: A maximum of 300 a day on Saturdays, and eliminate all sightseeing flights on Sundays. As a result of the agreement, the Downtown Manhattan Heliport is now capped at accommodating a maximum of 29,651 tourist flights per year. To protect Lower Manhattan from future flooding associated with coastal storms and projected sea level rise , NYCEDC and the Mayor's Office of Climate Resiliency commissioned

1876-669: A problem with seagulls dropping clams onto the heliport to break open the shells and feared that the birds could get caught in helicopter rotors and bring aircraft down or the contents of the clam shells on surfaces could cause helicopters' landing gear to skid or passengers to slip and fall. To address the issue, the PA employed a technique that had been successfully used by the United States Coast Guard at Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn, using stencils to paint patterns of flying seagulls on

2010-616: A project. The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical , social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made". EIAs are unique in that they do not require adherence to a predetermined environmental outcome, but rather they require decision-makers to account for environmental values in their decisions and to justify those decisions in light of detailed environmental studies and public comments on

2144-410: A proposed undertaking; (2) decision making that both guarantees the adequacy of this process and reconciles, to the greatest extent possible, the proponent's development desires with environmental protection and preservation." La Forest referred to ( Jeffery 1989 , 1.2,1.4) and ( Emond 1978 , p. 5) who described "...environmental assessments as a planning tool with both an information-gathering and

2278-574: A provision in the Constitution of the United States permitting interstate compacts . The idea for the Port Authority was conceived during the Progressive Era , which aimed at the reduction of political corruption and at increasing the efficiency of government. With the Port Authority at a distance from political pressures , it was able to carry longer-term infrastructure projects irrespective of

2412-446: A replacement heliport to be built at a higher elevation near its existing site with access the pier for emergency and service vehicles provided via a flood gate . In November 2023, the Downtown Manhattan Heliport was the site of the first piloted demonstration flights of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft from an urban heliport, which were operated by Joby Aviation and Volocopter . That same month, NYCEDC issued

2546-464: A rigorous assessment of the null hypothesis or with a simpler approach comparing what actually occurred against the predictions in the EIA document. After an EIA, the precautionary and polluter pays principles may be applied to decide whether to reject, modify or require strict liability or insurance coverage to a project, based on predicted harms. The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol

2680-602: A security plan was approved. US Helicopter service resumed in March 2009 after city officials helped to negotiate an agreement between FirstFlight and US Helicopter. FirstFlight subsequently changed its name to Saker Aviation. When sightseeing flights were banned from the West 30th Street Heliport on April 1, 2010, the Downtown Manhattan Heliport was left as the only heliport in New York City that could accommodate sightseeing flights. In 2010,

2814-487: A significant percentage of projects not completing legally required environmental impact assessments prior to construction. China's State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) used the legislation to halt 30 projects in 2004, including three hydro-power plants under the Three Gorges Project Company. Although one month later (Note as a point of reference, that the typical EIA for a major project in

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2948-917: A station on the Northeast Corridor rail line, and the AirTrain JFK system linking JFK with the Howard Beach subway station and the Jamaica subway and Long Island Rail Road stations . Major bus depots include the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street , the George Washington Bridge Bus Station , and the Journal Square Transportation Center in Jersey City. The PANYNJ is a major stakeholder in

3082-498: A way to enhance the agency's power and prestige, and agreed to the project. The Port Authority was the overseer of the World Trade Center, hiring the architect Minoru Yamasaki and engineer Leslie Robertson . Yamasaki ultimately settled on the idea of twin towers. To meet the Port Authority's requirement to build 10 million square feet (930,000 m ) of office space, the towers would each be 110 stories tall. The size of

3216-507: Is a joint venture between the U.S. states of New York and New Jersey , established in 1921 through an interstate compact authorized by the United States Congress . The Port Authority oversees much of the regional transportation infrastructure, including bridges, tunnels, airports, and seaports , within the geographical jurisdiction of the Port of New York and New Jersey . This 1,500-square-mile (3,900 km ) port district

3350-475: Is a sector-specific method for checking the quality of Environmental and Social assessments and management plans. The history of EIA in Australia could be linked to the enactment of the U.S. National Environment Policy Act (NEPA) in 1970, which made the preparation of environmental impact statements a requirement. In Australia, one might say that the EIA procedures were introduced at a State Level prior to that of

3484-432: Is a tool of environmental management forming a part of project approval and decision-making. Environmental assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision-makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with

3618-480: Is addressed via bilateral agreements or one-off accreditation of state processes, as provided for in the EPBC Act. The EPBC Act provides a legal framework to protect and manage nationally and internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities and heritage places. It defines this as matters of "national environmental significance". The following are the nine matters of such significance: In addition to this,

3752-472: Is completed in a timely manner; (g) to ensure that projects, as defined in section 66, that are to be carried out on federal lands, or those that are outside Canada and that are to be carried out or financially supported by a federal authority, are considered in a careful and precautionary manner to avoid significant adverse environmental effects; (h) to encourage federal authorities to take actions that promote sustainable development in order to achieve or maintain

3886-838: Is generally encompassed within a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument . The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan . The Port Authority operates the Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal , which consistently ranks among the largest ports in the United States by tonnage handled, and the largest on the Eastern Seaboard . The Port Authority also operates six bi-state crossings: three connecting New Jersey with Manhattan , and three connecting New Jersey with Staten Island . The Port Authority Bus Terminal and

4020-610: Is planned to be extended from its terminus at Newark Penn Station to a new Newark Liberty International Airport Station . The PANYNJ announced in March 2023 that it was deferring funding for the Newark Airport extension to a future capital plan. Another Port Authority project involves redeveloping LaGuardia Airport, replacing three existing terminals with a single terminal. Terminal B would be demolished and terminals C and D would be merged. Some 2 miles (3.2 km) of additional taxiways are to be built, and transportation around

4154-445: Is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. In this context, the term "environmental impact assessment" is usually used when applied to actual projects by individuals or companies and the term " strategic environmental assessment " (SEA) applies to policies, plans and programmes most often proposed by organs of state. It

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4288-469: Is the largest port complex on the East Coast of North America. In 2021, Port Authority seaports handled the fourth largest amount of shipping among U.S. ports, measured in total tonnage. As of August 2022, the Port Authority led the country when considering only containers and not bulk materials such as petroleum and grain. The Port Authority operates the following seaports : The Port Authority operates

4422-426: Is to ensure a sustainable economic development that meets present needs without compromising future generations ability to meet their own needs. EIA is an important tool in the integrated environmental management approach. EIA must be performed for new establishments or projects and for expansions or renovations of existing establishments according to the Law for the Environment. A wide range of instruments exist in

4556-624: Is used to govern development and approval process, this system is a mixture of the Environmental Management and Pollution Control Act 1994 (Tas) (EMPC Act), Land Use Planning and Approvals Act 1993 (Tas) (LUPA Act), State Policies and Projects Act 1993 (Tas) (SPPA), and Resource Management and Planning Appeals Tribunal Act 1993 (Tas). The EIA process in Victoria is intertwined with the Environment Effects Act 1978 (Vic) and

4690-704: The Navigable Waters Protection Act and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act ", along with gutting existing laws and making cuts to science and research, "will be disastrous, not only for the environment but also for Canadians' health and economic prosperity." On 26 September 2012, Leslie argued that with the changes to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act that came into effect 6 July 2012, " seismic testing , dams, wind farms and power plants" no longer required any federal environmental assessment. She also claimed that because

4824-672: The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) for 'controlled actions'. South Australia (SA) The local governing tool for EIA in South Australia is the Development Act 1993 (SA). There are three levels of assessment possible under the Act in the form of an environment impact statement (EIS), a public environmental report (PER) or a Development Report (DR). In Tasmania, an integrated system of legislation

4958-829: The Environmental policy of the European Union . Among them the European Union has established a mix of mandatory and discretionary procedures to assess environmental impacts. Directive (85/337/EEC) on Environmental Impact Assessments (known as the EIA Directive ) was first introduced in 1985, amended in 1997, amended again in 2003 following EU signature of the 1998 Aarhus Convention , and once more in 2009. The initial Directive of 1985 and its three amendments have been codified in Directive 2011/92/EU of 13 December 2011. In 2001,

5092-593: The ExpressRail rail services within the seaport area, including dockside trackage and railyards for transloading . It interchanges with Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRCX) on the Chemical Coast Secondary, Norfolk Southern (NS), CSX Transportation (CSX), and Canadian Pacific (CP). From January through October 2014 the system handled 391,596 rail lifts . As of 2014, three ExpressRail systems (Elizabeth, Newark, Staten Island) were in operation with

5226-646: The Gateway Program . The program will upgrade the Northeast Corridor by building two new tunnels under the Hudson River paralleling the existing North River Tunnels , as well as connecting infrastructure. The Port Authority also owns and operates a network of shuttle buses on its airport properties. As of 2017, the agency operates 23 Orion buses at Newark Airport, 7 at LaGuardia Airport, and 40 at JFK Airport, all purchased in 2007 and 2009. The Port Authority also participates in joint development ventures around

5360-521: The George Washington Bridge , linking the northern part of Manhattan with Fort Lee, New Jersey , with Port Authority chief engineer, Othmar Ammann , overseeing the project. The bridge was completed in October 1931, ahead of schedule and well under the estimated costs. This efficiency exhibited by the Port Authority impressed President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who used this as a model in creating

5494-789: The Goethals Bridge , the Bayonne Bridge , and the Outerbridge Crossing , which connect Staten Island and New Jersey . They also maintain many entrances approaches to these crossings, such as the GWB Plaza and Lincoln Tunnel Helix . The Port Authority operates the PATH rapid transit system linking lower and midtown Manhattan with New Jersey, the AirTrain Newark system linking Newark International Airport with NJ Transit and Amtrak via

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5628-609: The Mackenzie Valley Pipeline . Thomas R. Berger , Royal Commissioner of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry (9 May 1977), worked extremely hard to ensure that industrial development on Aboriginal people 's land resulted in benefits to those indigenous people . On 22 April 2013, NDP MP Megan Leslie issued a statement claiming that the Harper government 's recent changes to "fish habitat protection,

5762-547: The New York Port of Embarkation . The congestion at the port led experts to realize the need for a port authority to supervise the extremely complex system of bridges, highways, subways, and port facilities in the New York-New Jersey area. The solution was the 1921 creation of the Port Authority under the supervision of the governors of the two states. By issuing its own bonds, it was financially independent of either state;

5896-451: The PATH rail system are also run by the Port Authority, as well as LaGuardia Airport , John F. Kennedy International Airport , Newark Liberty International Airport , Teterboro Airport and Stewart International Airport . The agency has its own 2,100 member Port Authority Police Department . The Port of New York and New Jersey comprised the main point of embarkation for U.S. troops and supplies sent to Europe during World War I , via

6030-653: The Panama Canal Commission General George Washington Goethals , connected Elizabeth, New Jersey and Howland Hook, Staten Island . At the south end of Arthur Kill, the Outerbridge Crossing was built and named after the Port Authority's first chairman, Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge . Construction of both bridges was completed in 1928. The Bayonne Bridge , opened in 1931, was built across the Kill van Kull , connecting Staten Island with Bayonne, New Jersey . Construction began in 1927 on

6164-655: The South Jersey Transportation Authority , which leases the airport site from the FAA . JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark Liberty as a whole form the largest airport system in the United States, second in the world in terms of passenger traffic, and first in the world by total flight operations, with JFK being the 19th busiest in the world and the 6th busiest in the U.S. The Authority operated the Downtown Manhattan Heliport ( Manhattan , New York) until

6298-524: The State of New York to locate government offices at the World Trade Center. In August 1968, construction on the World Trade Center's north tower started, with construction on the south tower beginning in January 1969. When the World Trade Center twin towers were completed, the total cost to the Port Authority had reached $ 900   million. The buildings were dedicated on April 4, 1973, with Tobin, who had retired

6432-619: The Supreme Court of Canada described environmental impact assessment in terms of the proper scope of federal jurisdiction with respect to environments matters, "Environmental impact assessment is, in its simplest form, a planning tool that is now generally regarded as an integral component of sound decision-making." Supreme Court Justice La Forest cited ( Cotton & Emond 1981 , p. 245), "The basic concepts behind environmental assessment are simply stated: (1) early identification and evaluation of all potential environmental consequences of

6566-601: The Tennessee Valley Authority and other such entities. In 1930, the Holland Tunnel was placed under the control of the Port Authority, providing significant toll revenues. The Port Authority also controlled the Lincoln Tunnel , connecting New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan . The Lincoln Tunnel opened in 1937 as a single-tube tunnel; a second tube opened in 1945, and a third tube opened in 1957. In 1962,

6700-596: The World Trade Center site , the Port Authority has worked since 2001 on plans for reconstruction of the site, along with Silverstein Properties , and the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation . In 2006, the Port Authority reached a deal with Larry Silverstein , which ceded control of One World Trade Center to the Port Authority. The deal gave Silverstein rights to build three towers along

6834-516: The ACT on Commonwealth land under the EPBC Act (Cth). Further provisions of the Australian Capital Territory (Planning and Land Management) Act 1988 (Cth) may also be applicable particularly to national land and "designated areas". In New South Wales, the Environment Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) establishes two pathways for EIA. The first is under Division 5.2 of the EP&A Act, which provides for EIA of 'State Significant Infrastructure' projects (from June 2011, this Part replaced

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6968-420: The Board of Commissioners after an ethics investigation revealed that her attempt to intervene in a traffic stop for her daughter included what the Port Authority described as "profoundly disturbing" conduct. New Jersey police released a videotape of her attempting to leverage her position at the Port Authority to intimidate police officers, following a routine traffic stop of a vehicle in which her adult daughter

7102-419: The CEAA 2012—which she claimed was rushed through Parliament—dismantled the CEAA 1995, the Oshawa ethanol plant project would no longer have a full federal environmental assessment. Mr. Peter Kent (Minister of the Environment) explained that the CEAA 2012 "provides for the Government of Canada and the Environmental Assessment Agency to focus on the large and most significant projects that are being proposed across

7236-462: The Commonwealth (Federal), with a majority of the states having divergent views to the Commonwealth. One of the pioneering states was New South Wales, whose State Pollution Control Commission issued EIA guidelines in 1974. At a Commonwealth (i.e. Federal) level, this was followed by passing of the Environment Protection (Impact of Proposals) Act 1974 (Cth) in 1974. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act) superseded

7370-404: The Downtown Manhattan Heliport and the company began operating the facility on November 1, 2008. The change in the heliport's operator resulted in a five-month suspension of US Helicopter's scheduled flights from the Downtown Manhattan Heliport to EWR and JFK because FirstFlight did obtain approval from TSA for a passenger security screening plan and then demanded higher rent from US Helicopter after

7504-496: The EPBC Act aims at providing a streamlined national assessment and approval process for activities. These activities could be by the Commonwealth, or its agents, anywhere in the world or activities on Commonwealth land; and activities that are listed as having a 'significant impact' on matters of 'national environment significance'. The EPBC Act comes into play when a person (a proponent) wants an action (often called "a proposal" or "a project") assessed for environmental impacts under

7638-435: The EPBC Act, he or she must refer the project to the Department of the Environment and Energy (Commonwealth). This referral is then released to the public and the relevant state, territory and Commonwealth ministers, for comment on whether the project is likely to have a significant impact on matters of national environmental significance. The Department of the Environment and Energy assess the process and makes recommendation to

7772-453: The Environment Protection (Impact of Proposals) Act 1974 (Cth) and is the current central piece for EIA in Australia on a Commonwealth (i.e. Federal) level. An important point to note is that this federal legislation does not override the validity of the States or Territories environmental and development assessments and approvals; rather the EPBC Act runs as a parallel to the State/Territory Systems. Overlap between federal and state requirements

7906-408: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) launched its National Prototype Heliport Demonstration and Development Program , a project to illustrate the usefulness and viability of developing full-service heliports in the United States for eventual all-weather operations. The Wall Street Heliport, which was renamed the Downtown Manhattan Heliport, was one of four heliports selected by the FAA to be part of

8040-420: The Fort Lee entrances (used by local traffic from Fort Lee and surrounding communities) to the upper level on the George Washington Bridge , which connects to Manhattan , were reduced from three to one from September 9–13, 2013. The toll lane closures caused massive Fort Lee traffic back-ups, which affected public safety due to extensive delays by police and emergency service providers and disrupted schools due to

8174-460: The Inquiries Act 1985 (NT). There are four main EIA processes in Queensland. Firstly, under the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (IPA) for development projects other than mining. Secondly, under the Chapter 3 of the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld) (EP Act) for some mining and petroleum activities. Thirdly, under the State Development and Public Works Organisation Act 1971 (Qld) (State Development Act) for 'significant projects'. Finally, under

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8308-467: The Ministerial Guidelines for Assessment of Environmental Effects (made under the s 10 of the EE Act). Part 4 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) provides the legislative framework for the EIA process in Western Australia. The EPA Act oversees the planning and development proposals and assesses their likely impacts on the environment. In Friends of the Oldman River Society v. Canada (Minister of Transportation) ,( SCC 1992 ) La Forest J of

8442-416: The Port Authority absorbed the bankrupt Hudson & Manhattan Railroad and reorganized it as Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) . As part of the deal, the Port Authority acquired the rights to build the original World Trade Center on the site of the old Hudson Terminal , one of two terminals in Manhattan for H&M/PATH. In 1942, Austin J. Tobin became the executive director of the Port Authority. In

8576-406: The Port Authority centered on tax issues. A final agreement was made that the Port Authority would make annual payments in lieu of taxes, for the 40% of the World Trade Center leased to private tenants. The remaining space was to be occupied by state and federal government agencies. In 1962, the Port Authority signed the United States Customs Service as a tenant, and in 1964 they signed a deal with

8710-399: The Port Authority for operating purposes. Newark Liberty is owned by the cities of Elizabeth and Newark and is also leased to the Authority. In 2007, Stewart International Airport , owned by the State of New York , was leased to the Port Authority. The Port Authority officially took over select management functions of the Atlantic City International Airport on July 1, 2013, in conjunction with

8844-533: The Port Authority's policies. Under an informal power-sharing agreement, the governor of New Jersey chooses the chairman of the board and the deputy executive director, while the governor of New York selects the vice chairman and executive director. The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan . The agency was headquartered at 1 World Trade Center in the first World Trade Center complex, where it occupied 22,411 square feet (2,082.1 m ) of space. It had been headquartered in

8978-592: The USA takes one to two years.), most of the 30 halted projects resumed their construction, reportedly having passed the environmental assessment, the fact that these key projects' construction was ever suspended was notable. A joint investigation by SEPA and the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2004 showed that 30–40% of the mining construction projects went through the procedure of environment impact assessment as required, while in some areas only 6–7% did so. This partly explains why China has witnessed so many mining accidents in recent years. SEPA alone cannot guarantee

9112-464: The WTC complex beginning in 1973. After the previous headquarters were destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks , the Port Authority moved into 225 Park Avenue South in Midtown Manhattan , with employees divided between offices in New York and New Jersey, before returning to the World Trade Center in 2015. Financially, the Port Authority has no power to tax and does not receive tax money from any local or state governments. Instead, it operates on

9246-409: The World Trade Center. Eighty-four employees, including 37 Port Authority police officers, its executive director, Neil D. Levin , and police superintendent, Fred V. Morrone , died. In rescue efforts following the collapse, two Port Authority police officers, John McLoughlin and Will Jimeno , were pulled out alive after spending nearly 24 hours beneath 30 feet (9.1 m) of rubble. Their rescue

9380-403: The airports into fee-generating facilities, adding stores and restaurants. David Rockefeller , president of Chase Manhattan Bank , envisioned a World Trade Center for lower Manhattan . Realizing that he needed public funding in order to construct the massive project, he approached Tobin. Although many questioned the Port Authority's entry into the real estate market, Tobin saw the project as

9514-415: The attack. The Port Authority was ruled to be negligent. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 , and the subsequent collapse of the World Trade Center buildings impacted the Port Authority. With the Port Authority's headquarters located in 1 World Trade Center, it became deprived of a base of operations and sustained a great number of casualties. An estimated 1,400 Port Authority employees worked in

9648-514: The bonds were paid off from tolls and fees, not from taxes. It became one of the major agencies of the metropolitan area for large-scale projects. Early bond issues were tied to specific projects, but this changed in 1935 when the Authority issued General and Refunding bonds with a claim on its general revenues. In the early years of the 20th century, there were disputes between the states of New Jersey and New York over rail freights and boundaries. At

9782-640: The city was having difficulties maintaining the status quo, losing money and unable to undertake needed expansions. The city was looking to hand the airports over to a public authority , possibly to Robert Moses ' Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority . After long negotiations with the City of New York, a 50-year lease, commencing on May 31, 1947, went to the Port Authority of New York to rehabilitate, develop, and operate La Guardia Airport (La Guardia Field), John F. Kennedy International Airport (Idlewild Airport), and Floyd Bennett Field . The Port Authority transformed

9916-889: The components of the environment that are within the legislative authority of Parliament from significant adverse environmental effects caused by a designated project; (b) to ensure that designated projects that require the exercise of a power or performance of a duty or function by a federal authority under any Act of Parliament other than this Act to be carried out, are considered in a careful and precautionary manner to avoid significant adverse environmental effects; (c) to promote cooperation and coordinated action between federal and provincial governments with respect to environmental assessments; (d) to promote communication and cooperation with aboriginal peoples with respect to environmental assessments; (e) to ensure that opportunities are provided for meaningful public participation during an environmental assessment; (f) to ensure that an environmental assessment

10050-526: The construction of a fourth at Port Jersey underway. The Port Authority operates New York New Jersey Rail, LLC (NYNJ), a switching and terminal railroad operating a car float operation across Upper New York Bay between the Greenville Yard in Jersey City and Brooklyn. The Port Authority operates the following airports: Both Kennedy and LaGuardia airports are owned by the City of New York and leased to

10184-576: The core mission of supporting transportation infrastructure. Major projects by the Port Authority include One World Trade Center and other construction at the World Trade Center site . Other projects include a new passenger terminal at JFK International Airport, and redevelopment of Newark Liberty International Airport's Terminal B, and replacement of the Goethals Bridge. The Port Authority also has plans to buy 340 new PATH cars and begin major expansion of Stewart International Airport. As owner of

10318-482: The country." The 2,000 to 3,000-plus smaller screenings that were in effect under CEAA 1995 became the "responsibility of lower levels of government but are still subject to the same strict federal environmental laws ." Anne Minh-Thu Quach, MP for Beauharnois—Salaberry, QC, argued that the mammoth budget bill dismantled 50 years of environmental protection without consulting Canadians about the "colossal changes they are making to environmental assessments." She claimed that

10452-427: The delayed arrivals of students and teachers. Two Port Authority officials (who were appointed by Christie and would later resign) claimed that reallocating two of the toll lanes from the local Fort Lee entrance to the major highways was due to a traffic study evaluating "traffic safety patterns" at the bridge, but the executive director of the Port Authority was unaware of a traffic study. As of March 2014 ,

10586-582: The development of a heliport by the PA. Plans for the new heliport and a 37-year lease of the site to the PA were approved by the New York City Board of Estimate on May 27, 1960. Built by the PA at a cost of $ 230,000, the original facility included a 80-by-85-foot (24 by 26 m) helicopter landing pad, a 300-by-85-foot (91 by 26 m) parking and loading area for helicopters, a one-story terminal building, and parking lot for autos. The Downtown Manhattan Heliport opened on December 8, 1960. The same day

10720-533: The downtown heliport handled at total of 43,386 flights, of which 41,540 were sightseeing-related. Sightseeing flights that had been operating from the West 30th Street Heliport shifted to the Downtown Manhattan Heliport, which prompted complaints about the noise and pollution generated by tourist flights from residents in Manhattan and Brooklyn, visitors to the Brooklyn Bridge Park , and students attending school on Governors Island , with some groups calling for

10854-671: The eastern side of the site, including 150 Greenwich Street , 175 Greenwich Street , and 200 Greenwich Street . Also part of the plans was the World Trade Center Transportation Hub , which opened in March 2016 and replaced the temporary PATH station that opened in November 2003. The Port Authority began construction of a new terminal at Newark Airport in June 2017. The new facility will replace Terminal A and will open in 2022. The PATH 's Newark–World Trade Center train route

10988-617: The eight matters of national environmental significance, regardless of any other undesirable environmental impacts. This is primarily due to the division of powers between the states and the Federal government, and the Australian Government environment minister not being able to overturn a state decision. There are strict civil and criminal penalties for the breach of EPBC Act. Depending on the kind of breach, civil penalty (maximum) may go up to $ 550,000 for an individual and $ 5.5 million for

11122-429: The election cycles and in a more efficient manner. In 1972 it was renamed the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to better reflect its status as a partnership between the two states. Throughout its history, there have been concerns about democratic accountability , or lack thereof at the Port Authority. The Port District is irregularly shaped but comprises a 1,500-square-mile (3,900 km ) area roughly within

11256-497: The enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). EIAs have been used increasingly around the world. The number of environmental assessments filed every year "has vastly overtaken the number of more rigorous Environmental Impact Statements (EIS)." An environmental assessment is a "mini-Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) designed to provide sufficient information to allow the agency to decide whether

11390-399: The federal government is entering into "limited consultations, by invitation only, months after the damage was done." The Environmental Impact Assessment Law (EIA Law) requires that an environmental impact assessment be completed prior to project construction. However, if a developer completely ignores this requirement and builds a project without submitting an environmental impact statement,

11524-463: The first public heliport with a semi-automatic fire protection foam system, and the first heliport to use a barge for aircraft parking. It is currently the only heliport in New York City that accommodates sightseeing flights. In the mid-1950s, the Port of New York Authority (PA) prepared a transportation master plan that proposed the development of six new heliports in the metropolitan area, including one at

11658-458: The full enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, observed Professor Wang Canfa , director of the centre to help environmental victims at China University of Political Science and Law . In fact, according to Wang, the rate of China's environmental laws and regulations that are actually enforced is estimated at barely 10%. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA is implemented in Egypt under

11792-574: The heliport in 1997 after the company had been evicted from the city-owned East 34th Street Heliport over unpaid rent. This move was estimated to add about 50 daily takeoffs and landings on weekdays to the Downtown Manhattan Heliport. The PA was unable to restrict National Helicopter Corp. from using the facility since federal funds had been used to build the heliport and for this same reason sightseeing flights could not be banned until 2008. In March 2006, US Helicopter resumed scheduled passenger service to airports with hourly flights to JFK. Service to EWR

11926-500: The heliport's traffic is generated by Wall Street and the lower Manhattan financial district; top business executives and time-sensitive document deliveries often use the heliport. The heliport is the normal landing spot for the President of the United States on visits to New York. Former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg frequently used the heliport to fly between Bloomberg L.P. headquarters and Johns Hopkins University when he

12060-408: The heliport, the city performed noise studies to determine how much new traffic the facility could handle, accommodating flights diverted from the West 30th Street Heliport. The new operator was also required to implement a refueling system available for helicopters using the facility; previously the heliport did not have any fuel services. City officials selected FirstFlight to take over operations at

12194-448: The issue was enlarged to include the assessment of plans and programmes by the so-called Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive (2001/42/EC), which was amended by Directive 2014/52/EU of 16 April 2014. Under the EU directive, a compliant EIA must provide certain information in seven key areas: In 2021, ESG reporting requirements changed in the EU and UK. The EU started enforcing

12328-741: The landing pad's configuration reduced the loads that could be carried by helicopters and they could not carry enough passengers to break even. When the airline resumed operations in Lower Manhattan in April 1978, it did so at a temporary heliport built on landfill in Battery Park City . In April 1971, Island Helicopters, Inc. began providing scheduled commuter service between the Wall Street Heliport and Roosevelt Field Industrial Park on Long Island. The flights operated for three years until service

12462-506: The largest and most important projects, regardless of public opposition." "Now that federal environmental assessments are gone, the federal government will only assess very large, very important projects. But it's going to do them in a hurry." Dianne Saxe On 3 August 2012 the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency designated nine projects: Saxe compares these timelines with environmental assessments for

12596-496: The lease expired in August 2007 but continued to operate it until the next leasee took over. The Authority had operated the other heliports in Manhattan but gave up leases for all of them over the years. The Port Authority manages every crossing between New York City and New Jersey, which include the George Washington Bridge , the Lincoln Tunnel , and the Holland Tunnel , which all connect Manhattan and Northern New Jersey, as well as

12730-399: The legislative basis for the federal practice of environmental assessment in most regions of Canada." CEAA 2012 came into force July 6, 2012 and replaces the former Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (1995). EA is defined as a planning tool to identify, understand, assess and mitigate, where possible, the environmental effects of a project. "The purposes of this Act are: (a) to protect

12864-462: The members of the agency's Board of Commissioners and retain the right to veto the actions of the commissioners from their own state. Each governor appoints six members to the Board of Commissioners , who are subject to state senate confirmation and serve overlapping six-year terms without pay. An executive director is appointed by the board of commissioners to deal with day-to-day operations and to execute

12998-642: The memorial ready for the 10th anniversary. A former attorney for the PANYNJ who worked on 9/11 related issues is now on the federal bench, Angel Kelley . The Fort Lee lane closure scandal was a US political scandal that concerns New Jersey Governor Chris Christie 's staff and his Port Authority political appointees conspiring to create a traffic jam in Fort Lee, New Jersey as political retribution, and their attempts to cover up these actions and suppress internal and public disclosures. Dedicated toll lanes for one of

13132-405: The minister or the delegate for the feasibility. The final discretion on the decision remains of the minister, which is not solely based on matters of national environmental significance but also on the consideration of social and economic impact of the project. The Australian Government Minister for the Environment and Energy cannot intervene in a proposal if it has no significant impact on one of

13266-542: The need for the preparation of a lengthy environmental assessment . As part of the project, tests were made using a Microwave Landing System (MLS) at the Battery Park City Heliport and at a pier near Wall Street. Plans to install a permanent MLS were abandoned when the site in Red Hook, Brooklyn on which the transmitter was to be located was put up for sale by the PA. A semi-automatic fire protection foam system

13400-581: The new heliport opened, New York Airways began operating flights to LaGuardia Airport (LGA), Newark Airport (EWR) and New York International Airport (JFK). Scheduled service to the airports was temporarily suspended in December 1969 due to the high costs of operating Boeing Vertol 107s and resumed in May 1971 with the introduction of Sikorsky S-61s to the airline's fleet; service to Morristown Airport in New Jersey

13534-513: The only penalty is that the environmental protection bureau (EPB) may require the developer to do a make-up environmental assessment. If the developer does not complete this make-up assessment within the designated time, only then is the EPB authorized to fine the developer. Even so, the possible fine is capped at a maximum of about US$ 25,000, a fraction of the overall cost of most major projects. The lack of more stringent enforcement mechanisms has resulted in

13668-556: The pier can accommodate a maximum helicopter rotor blade diameter of 45 feet (14 m) and the spots on the barge can accommodate a maximum rotor blade diameter of 44 feet (13 m), except for one spot that is designed for a maximum rotor blade diameter of 36 feet (11 m). The Downtown Manhattan Heliport was the first heliport to use a barge for aircraft parking. Notes Sources Port of New York Authority The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , ( PANYNJ ; stylized, in logo since 2020, as Port Authority NY NJ )

13802-404: The post- World War II period, the Port Authority expanded its operations to include airports, and marine terminals , with projects including Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminals . Meanwhile, the city-owned La Guardia Field was nearing capacity in 1939 and needed expensive upgrades and expansion. At the time, airports were operated as loss leaders , and

13936-405: The potential environmental impacts. Environmental impact assessments commenced in the 1960s, as part of increasing environmental awareness . An EIA is prepared to estimate the effects of a proposed development or construction project. EIA provides technical evaluations that are intended to contribute to more objective decision making. In the United States, EIA obtained formal status in 1969, with

14070-406: The preparation of a full-blown Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is necessary." General and industry specific assessment methods are available including: At the end of the project, an audit evaluates the accuracy of the EIA by comparing actual to predicted impacts. The objective is to make future EIAs more valid and effective. Two primary considerations are: Audits can be performed either as

14204-595: The preparation of a master plan for climate resilience in the Financial District and Seaport areas. The plan was released in 2021 and included strategies to rebuild the East River waterfront from The Battery to the Brooklyn Bridge such as the addition of a floodwall . The master plan projected that the existing deck of the Downtown Manhattan Heliport would be flooded on a monthly basis by the 2050s and proposed for

14338-660: The previous Part 3A, which previously covered EIA of major projects). The second is under Part 4 of the EP&;A Act dealing with development assessments for local, regional, and State Significant Developments (other than State Significant Infrastructure). The EIA process in Northern Territory is chiefly administered under the Environmental Assessment Act (EAA). Although EAA is the primary tool for EIA in Northern Territory, there are further provisions for proposals in

14472-441: The program. The old pier was demolished and replaced by a new concrete structure. Although the PA's lease with the city covered an area of approximately 8 acres (3.2 ha) and allowed for significant expansion of the heliport's operational area, the replacement pier was built to the same dimensions as the old pier and a barge was added to provide parking for helicopters (considered to be an anchored floating structure), which avoided

14606-473: The project raised ire from the owner of the Empire State Building , which would lose its title of tallest building in the world. Other critics objected to the idea of this much "subsidized" office space going on the open market, competing with the private sector. Others questioned the cost of the project, which in 1966 had risen to $ 575   million. Final negotiations between The City of New York and

14740-409: The project was canceled in March 2023 after several years of delays. The Port Authority is also planning to redevelop the entirety of John F. Kennedy International Airport, replacing four existing terminals with two new terminals at a cost of $ 11   billion. Roadway access, as well as train capacity on the AirTrain JFK , would be expanded. Under the plan, the first gates would open in 2023, and

14874-513: The project would be complete in 2025. Work on a new Terminal 1 began in 2022, and work on Terminal 6 began in early 2023. In addition, Terminal 4 was expanded. The Port Authority has its own police department. In 2001, the department employed approximately 4,000 police officers and supervisors who had full police status in New York and New Jersey . Center Corporation Environmental assessment Environmental impact assessment ( EIA )

15008-428: The public interest. The Harbor Development Commission, a joint advisory board set-up in 1917, recommended that a bi-state authority be established to oversee efficient economic development of the port district. The Port of New York Authority was established on April 30, 1921, through an interstate compact between the states of New Jersey and New York . This was the first such agency in the United States, created under

15142-456: The reconstruction project was $ 13 million, of which $ 6 million was paid for by the federal government as part of the FAA's National Prototype Heliport Demonstration and Development Program and $ 3 million was spent by the PA to ensure that the new heliport would be completed in time before the lease of the temporary heliport at Battery Park City ran out. After the new facility opened, the PA experienced

15276-814: The region, including the Teleport business park on Staten Island , Bathgate Industrial Park in the Bronx , the Industrial Park at Elizabeth, the Essex County Resource Recovery Facility , Newark Legal Center , Queens West in Long Island City , and the South Waterfront in Hoboken . However, by April 2015, the agency was considering divesting itself of the properties to raise revenue and return to

15410-416: The repercussions and controversy surrounding these actions continue to be under investigation by the Port Authority, federal prosecutors, and a New Jersey legislature committee. The Port Authority's chairman, David Samson , who was appointed by Governor Christie, resigned on March 28, 2014, amid allegations of his involvement in the scandal and other controversies. In April 2018, Caren Turner resigned from

15544-532: The revenues it makes from its rents, tolls, fees, and facilities. Meetings of the Board of Commissioners are public. Members of the public may address the Board at these meetings, subject to a prior registration process via email. Public records of the Port Authority may be requested via the Office of the Secretary according to an internal Freedom of Information policy which is intended to be consistent with and similar to

15678-463: The southern tip of Manhattan near The Battery or Wall Street . The PA opened the West 30th Street Heliport in 1956 (one of the locations identified in the master plan) and New York Airways began operating helicopter shuttle service between that heliport and area airports, but passenger demand was much lower than projected and thought to be a result of competition by other forms of ground transportation. It

15812-459: The state Freedom of Information policies of both New York and New Jersey. Members of the Board of Commissioners are typically business titans and political power brokers who maintain close relationships with their respective governors. On February 3, 2011, former New Jersey Attorney General David Samson was named the new chairman of the Port Authority by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. Gov. Christie announced Samson's resignation in March 2016,

15946-478: The surface to keep the birds away. From December 1989 to March 1990, Trump Air provided scheduled service to LGA using Sikorsky S-61s to provide connections for passengers on Trump Shuttle flights. In 1990, the Downtown Manhattan Heliport became the first heliport in the United States to receive FAA certification under Federal Aviation Regulations Part 139 for scheduled passenger helicopter service. National Helicopter Corp. started operating sightseeing flights at

16080-499: The terminals would be reorganized. The redevelopment is expected to cost $ 7.6   billion in total. Construction started in 2016, and the first part of the new terminal opened in 2021, with completion in 2026. As part of the reconstruction, the AirTrain LGA people mover system was to have been built between the airport and Willets Point, Queens . The AirTrain was supposed to start construction in 2020 and be completed by 2022, but

16214-541: The time, rail lines terminated on the New Jersey side of the harbor, while ocean shipping was centered on Manhattan and Brooklyn. Freight had to be shipped across the Hudson River in barges. In 1916, New Jersey launched a lawsuit against New York over issues of rail freight, with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) issuing an order that the two states work together, subordinating their own interests to

16348-598: The umbrella of the Ministry of state for environmental affairs. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) is responsible for the EIA services. In June 1997, the responsibility of Egypt's first full-time Minister of State for Environmental Affairs was assigned as stated in the Presidential Decree no.275/1997. From thereon, the new ministry has focused, in close collaboration with the national and international development partners, on defining environmental policies, setting priorities and implementing initiatives within

16482-478: The year before, absent from the ceremonies. In 1986, the Port Authority sold rights to the World Trade Center name for $ 10 to an organization run by an outgoing executive, Guy F. Tozzoli . He in turn made millions of dollars selling the use of the name in up to 28 different states. After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing , the Port Authority was sued by survivors of the attack for negligence in not making security upgrades to known flaws that could have prevented

16616-575: Was a passenger. Her case was referred to New Jersey's Ethics Commission. In May 2024, the Authority transferred ownership of the Brooklyn Port Authority Marine Terminal & Red Hook Container Terminal to the City of New York in exchange for ownership of the Howland Hook Marine Terminal on Staten Island. The Port Authority is jointly controlled by the governors of New York and New Jersey , who appoint

16750-421: Was added in December 2006. With the addition of a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) checkpoint, passengers checked baggage and underwent security screening at the heliport and disembarked at the airside zone of the terminals of partner airlines, bypassing the need to check luggage or go through security at the airport if their flight was departing from the same terminal. The Downtown Manhattan Heliport

16884-583: Was also added at this time. New York Airways' helicopter service at the Wall Street Heliport was suspended in February 1977 with the reopening of the heliport on the roof of the Pan Am Building . The airline stopped operating in Manhattan after an accident atop the Pan Am Building in May 1977 resulted in five deaths. The airline did not return to the Wall Street Heliport because the vertical takeoffs required by

17018-469: Was believed that a helicopter landing pad in Lower Manhattan would attract more passenger demand, which led to the PA to study the feasibility of a new heliport. The Downtown-Lower Manhattan Association also recommended the establishment of a heliport as part of the redevelopment of old piers on the East River and the New York City Marine and Aviation Department allocated space along the waterfront to

17152-766: Was chairman of both institutions. The Downtown Manhattan Heliport is a public heliport operated by NYCEDC with charter service to Newark Liberty International Airport , Teterboro Airport , Morristown Municipal Airport , and other New York–area airports. Public sightseeing and VIP flights are also common. In the year ending December 30, 2003, the airport had 10,002 aircraft operations, an average of 27 per day: 90% general aviation and 10% military. The heliport covers 2 acres (0.81 ha) at an elevation of 7 feet (2.1 m). It has one helipad , H1, 62 ft × 62 ft (19 m × 19 m) concrete that can accommodate aircraft weighing up to 50,000 pounds (22,680 kg). The heliport's facilities are located on

17286-551: Was diverted from the Wall Street Heliport to the West 30th Street Heliport due to safety concerns by the Secret Service . The Wall Street Heliport was eventually closed due to structural issues on September 16, 1983 and flights were diverted to a temporary heliport that had been used by the PA on landfill in Battery Park City. The cost of reconstructing the heliport was estimated to be nearly $ 7 million. Coincidentally, in 1983

17420-500: Was installed that provided full coverage of the pier and could be remotely operated from the terminal; it was the first public heliport to include such a system. The PA entered into a new 20-year lease with the city for the heliport site on March 1, 1986. The diversion of flights to the Battery Park City Heliport concluded in September 1987 and the reconstructed Downtown Manhattan Heliport was dedicated on October 27, 1987. The overall cost of

17554-414: Was later portrayed in the 2006 Oliver Stone film World Trade Center . Future Executive Director Christopher O. Ward was at the World Trade Center on 9/11, and is a survivor of the attack. Ward was Chief of External Affairs & Director of Port Development under Neil Levin at the time. As the executive director from 2008 to 2011, he is credited with turning around Ground Zero construction and having

17688-519: Was opened in 1927, with some planning and construction pre-dating the Port Authority. With the rise in automobile traffic, there was demand for more Hudson River crossings. Using its ability to issue bonds and collect revenue, the Port Authority has built and managed major infrastructure projects. Early projects included bridges across the Arthur Kill , which separates Staten Island from New Jersey. The Goethals Bridge , named after chief engineer of

17822-405: Was suspended in April 1974. The original heliport was constructed on a wooden pier originally built in 1888 as a general cargo terminal, and by the late 1970s and early 1980s deterioration of the piles supporting the structure led to segments of the pier being forced out and portions of the helicopter parking area to be closed off. A visit by United States president Jimmy Carter in November 1978

17956-476: Was the first heliport in the United States to be "federalized" by the TSA. The flights operated until September 2009 when US Helicopter ceased all service due to financial difficulties. The PA's lease on the heliport site expired in August 2007 and was not renewed. The agency continued to operate the facility while the city sought out a new operator for the facility. Prior to the selection of a new fixed-base operator for

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