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90-502: Named after former Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri , the Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute was created in 1968 through a joint announcement of the governments of Canada and India . The idea of forming an institute to promote scholarly activity between Canada and India was first conceived by Dr. Michael Brecher , a political science professor at McGill University , when he met Prime Minister Shastri who gave

180-468: A better education than some of his cousins. Bindeshwari Prasad, on the limited salary of a school teacher, with many dependents, nevertheless managed to give a good education to all the children in his care. In 1917, Bindeshwari Prasad was transferred to Varanasi, and the entire family moved there, including Ramdulari Devi and her three children. In Varanasi, Shastri joining the seventh standard at Harish Chandra High School. While his family had no links to

270-523: A few hours. Breaking with protocol, Ayub Khan personally received him at the airport and they had an informal meeting. After the ceasefire with Pakistan in 1965, Shastri and Ayub Khan attended a summit in Tashkent (former USSR , now in modern Uzbekistan ), organized by Alexei Kosygin . On 10 January 1966, Shastri and Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent Declaration which formally ended the war. Shastri

360-507: A heart attack in Tashkent , Uzbekistan (then in the Soviet Union) on 11 January 1966, one day after signing a peace treaty to end the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War . Many of Shastri's supporters and close relatives refused at the time, and have refused since, to believe the circumstances of his death, instead alleging foul play. Conspiracy theories appeared within hours of his death, and have thereafter persisted. A movie named The Tashkent Files

450-630: A major train accident as he felt moral responsibility. The foundation stone of Bal Vidya Mandir , a distinguished school of Lucknow , was laid by him during his tenure as the prime minister, on 19 November 1964. He inaugurated the Central Institute of Technology Campus at Tharamani, Chennai, in November 1964. He inaugurated the Plutonium Reprocessing Plant at Trombay in 1965. As suggested by Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha , Shastri authorized

540-425: A massive support to millions of Indian nationalists. Unity in the country was strengthened and many Indian schools and colleges were created. Indian goods were encouraged. On 4 February 1922 a massacre took place at Chauri Chaura , a small town in the district of Gorakhpur , Uttar Pradesh . A police officer had attacked some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. A whole crowd of peasants that had gathered there went to

630-976: A maximum of 6 months. The four founding members of the Shastri Institution were McGill University , the University of British Columbia , the University of Toronto and the National Library of Canada. In 1980, the University of Ottawa became the first bilingual organization to join the Shastri Institute while HEC Montreal and Université Laval became the first francophone members in 2006. Lal Bahadur Shastri Premiership Events Death of Lal Bahadur Shastri [REDACTED] Lal Bahadur Shastri ( pronounced [lɑːl bəˈhɑːd̪ʊɾ ˈʃɑːst̪ɾi] ; born Lal Bahadur Srivastava ; 2 October 1904 – 11 January 1966)

720-510: A surprise move was called to Centre as minister by Nehru. Shastri was made Minister of Railways and Transport in First Cabinet of Republic of India on 13 May 1952. In September 1956 he wanted to take political and moral responsibility for the 1956 Mahbubnagar train accident and offered his resignation as the Minister of Railways to prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru , but he refused. After

810-463: A volunteer, actively participating in picketing and anti-government demonstrations. He was soon arrested and jailed, but was then let off as he was still a minor. Shastri's immediate supervisor was a former Benares Hindu University lecturer named J.B. Kripalani , who would become one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement and one among Gandhi's closest followers. Recognising

900-818: Is a major hockey tournament. The Left Bank Canal of the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in Andhra Pradesh is named the Lal Bahadur Shastri Canal and is 295 km in Length. Some major roads in the cities of New Delhi, Mumbai , Pune, Puduchery, Lucknow, Warangal and Allahabad and Ernakulam are named after him, as is Sashtri Road, Kottayam, Kerala. There is a Lal Bahadur Shastri Medical College in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh and Shastri Bhavans in New Delhi, Chennai and Lucknow. In 2005,

990-510: Is credited as being the first Indian to use non-cooperation and boycott of British merchandise and services as a political weapon. In response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and other violence in Punjab , the movement sought to secure Swaraj , independence for India. Gandhi promised Swaraj within one year if his non-cooperation programme was fully implemented. The other reason to start

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1080-498: Is prepared to look at things objectively that India can have no possible interest in provoking border incidents or in building up an atmosphere of strife... In these circumstances, the duty of Government is quite clear and this duty will be discharged fully and effectively... We would prefer to live in poverty for as long as necessary but we shall not allow our freedom to be subverted. On 1 August 1965, major incursions of militants and Pakistani soldiers began, hoping not only to break down

1170-594: Is straight and clear—the building up of a socialist democracy at home with freedom and prosperity for all, and the maintenance of world peace and friendship with all nations. Shastri retained many members of Nehru's Council of Ministers . T. T. Krishnamachari was retained as the Finance Minister of India , as was Defence Minister Yashwantrao Chavan . He appointed Swaran Singh to succeed him as External Affairs Minister . He also appointed Indira Gandhi , daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru and former Congress President, as

1260-537: Is the next eldest, whose son, Siddharth Nath Singh is a spokesman of the Bharatiya Janata Party and Minister of Health, Government of Uttar Pradesh . Anil Shastri is the youngest and is a member of his father's Congress Party; his son Adarsh Shastri gave up his corporate career with Apple Inc to contest the General elections of 2014 from Prayagraj on an Aam Aadmi Party ticket. He lost that election but

1350-537: The 1956 Ariyalur train accident , a similar accident about 2.5 months later, Shastri again offered his resignation and was accepted this time. He resigned as Railway minister on 7 December 1956. He served as the Minister of Commerce and Industry in 1959 and Minister of Home Affairs in 1961. Shastri laid the foundation of Mangalore Port in 1964 as a minister without a portfolio. Jawaharlal Nehru died in office on 27 May 1964. Then Congress Party president K. Kamaraj

1440-599: The Amul milk co-operative of Anand, Gujarat and creating the National Dairy Development Board . He visited Anand on 31 October 1964 for inauguration of the Cattle Feed Factory of Amul at Kanjari. As he was keenly interested in knowing the success of this co-operative, he stayed overnight with farmers in a village, and even had dinner with a farmer's family. He discussed his wish with Verghese Kurien , then

1530-616: The Amul milk co-operative of Anand, Gujarat and creating the National Dairy Development Board . Underlining the need to boost India's food production, Shastri also promoted the Green Revolution in India in 1965. This led to an increase in food grain production, especially in the states of Punjab , Haryana and Uttar Pradesh . He led the country during the Second India–Pakistan War . His slogan " Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan " ("Hail to

1620-684: The British Indian Army to gather enough recruits during the First World War . The non-cooperation movement aimed to challenge the colonial economic and power structure, and British authorities would be forced to take notice of the demands of the independence movement. Gandhi's call was for a nationwide protest against the Rowlatt Act . In promoting "self-reliance," his planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained

1710-621: The Congress Party elected Indira Gandhi over Morarji Desai to officially succeed Shastri. In 1965, Shastri was awarded honorary citizenship of Belgrade by the Yugoslavian government. Shastri is regarded as one of the most respected prime ministers of India. He was a secularist who refused to mix religion with politics. In a public meeting held at the Ram Lila grounds in Delhi, a few days after

1800-405: The Green Revolution in India in 1965. This led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab , Haryana , and Uttar Pradesh. Major milestones in this undertaking were the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat , and rust resistant strains of wheat. Though he was a socialist, Shastri stated that India cannot have a regimented type of economy. His government passed

1890-605: The Indian National Congress . Following independence in 1947, he joined the Indian government and became one of Prime Minister Nehru's key cabinet colleagues, first as Railways Minister (1951–56), and then in numerous other prominent positions, including the Home Minister . As prime minister, Shastri promoted the White Revolution – a national campaign to increase the production and supply of milk – by supporting

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1980-450: The Minister of Information and Broadcasting . Gulzarilal Nanda continued as the Minister of Home Affairs . Lal Bahadur Shastri's tenure witnessed the Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965. The government of India had for a long time made an effort to establish Hindi as the sole national language of India. This was resisted by the non-Hindi speaking states particularly Madras State . To calm

2070-702: The National Agricultural Products Board Act and was responsible for setting up the Food Corporation of India under the Food Corporation's Act 1964. For the outstanding slogan given by him during the Indo-Pak war of 1965, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India) commemorated Shastri 47 years after his death on his 48th martyr's day: Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri

2160-583: The Quit India Movement . Though intended to be non-violent, the movement was eventually called off by Gandhi in February 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident . After police opened fire on a crowd of protesters, killing and injuring several, the protesters followed the police back to their station and burned it down, killing the shooters and several other police inside. Nonetheless, the movement marked

2250-624: The Sino-Indian War of 1962 and the formation of military ties between China and Pakistan, Shastri's government decided to expand the country's defence budget. In 1964, Shastri signed an accorresponsibilities of local governments to provide adequate facilities to shelter the repatriates upon disembarkation on Indian soil. Particularly in the Madras State the Chief Minister during that time, Minjur K. Bhaktavatsalam, showed care in rehabilitation of

2340-491: The British government and also economy in India," including British industries and educational institutions. Through non-violent means, or ahimsa , protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts (by spinning khadi , etc.), and picket liquor shops. Moreover: Gandhi's non-cooperation movement also called for the end to untouchability . Publicly-held meetings and strikes ( hartals ) during

2430-632: The Canadian side and from the Ministry of Human Resource Development (India) from the Government of India. It also receives contributions from Canadian member institutions as well as private donations. An eight-member bi-national Executive Council, which is elected by representatives of the member institutions, governs the Shastri Institute. The presidency of the Executive Council alternates annually between Canada and India. The institute also operates with

2520-560: The General Manager of Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd (Amul) to replicate this model to other parts of the country for improving the socio-economic conditions of farmers. As a result of this visit, the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was established at Anand in 1965. While speaking on the chronic food shortages across the country, Shastri urged people to voluntarily give up one meal so that

2610-535: The Government of India created a chair in his honour in the field of democracy and governance at Delhi University . A portrait of Shastri hangs in the Central Hall of the Parliament House of India. The portrait, painted by Vidya Bhushan, was unveiled by the then President of India, Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma on 2 October 1993. Non-cooperation movement (1909%E2%80%9322) The non-cooperation movement

2700-419: The Indian public for all resistance to end, went on a fast and on 12 February 1922 called off the non-cooperation movement. Gandhi was also a firm believer of STS (struggle truce struggle). He believed that after a duration of struggle, there should be a resting phase by which they could recover the power and rise again more strong and powerful. Though this point is not mentioned but every movement led by Gandhi

2790-514: The United Nations and all those who stand for peace is to bring to an end the deeper conflict.... How can this be brought about? In our view, the only answer lies in peaceful coexistence. India has stood for the principle of coexistence and championed it all over the world. Peaceful coexistence is possible among nations no matter how deep the differences between them, how far apart they are in their political and economic systems, no matter how intense

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2880-522: The Uttar Pradesh Government announced the renovation of Shastri's ancestral house at Ramnagar in Varanasi and declared plans to convert it into a biographical museum. Varanasi International Airport is named after him. The Lal Bahadur Shastri Centre for Indian Culture with a monument and a street named after him are in the city of Tashkent , Uzbekistan . A few stadiums are named after him in

2970-412: The annual Baisakhi festival . The civilians were fired upon by soldiers under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer , resulting in killing and injuring thousands of protesters. The outcry generated by the massacre led to thousands of unrests and more deaths by the hands of the police. The bagh became the most infamous event of British rule in India. Gandhi, who was a preacher of nonviolence ,

3060-628: The betterment of the Harijans at Muzaffarpur and dropped his caste-derived surname of "Srivastava". Shastri's thoughts were influenced by reading about Swami Vivekananda , Mahatma Gandhi and Annie Besant . Deeply impressed and influenced by Gandhi, he joined the Indian Independence movement in the 1920s. He served as the president of Servants of the People Society (Lok Sevak Mandal), founded by Lala Lajpat Rai and held prominent positions in

3150-764: The betterment of the Harijans under Gandhi's direction at Muzaffarpur . Later he became the President of the Society. In 1928 Shastri became an active and mature member of the Indian National Congress at the call of Mahatma Gandhi. He was imprisoned for two and a half years. Later, he worked as the Organizing Secretary of the Parliamentary Board of U.P. in 1937. In 1940, he was sent to prison for one year, for offering individual Satyagraha support to

3240-432: The ceasefire, he complained about a BBC report which claimed that Shastri's identity as a Hindu meant that he was ready for a war with Pakistan. He stated: Kuldip Nayar , Shastri's media advisor from 1960 to 1964, recalls that, during the Quit India Movement , his daughter was ill and he was released on parole from jail. However, he could not save her life because doctors had prescribed costly drugs. Later on in 1963, on

3330-796: The cities of Hyderabad , Telangana , Ahmedabad in Gujarat, Kollam in Kerala, Ghazhiabad and Bhawanipatna in Odisha. The Almatti Dam across the River Krishna in northern Karnataka was renamed the Lal Bahadur Shastri Sagar. The foundation stone was laid by him. MV Lal Bahadur Shastri, a cargo ship, is named after him. The Reserve Bank of India released coins in the denomination of 5 rupees during his birth century celebrations. An All India Lal Bahadur Shastri Hockey tournament has been held every year since 1991 – it

3420-505: The convocation address at McGill University in June 1965. In his address, the Prime Minister suggested that there needed to be institutional understanding to promote scholarly exchange in the field of humanities and social sciences. The initial purpose of the institute was to encourage Canadian educational institutions to focus university level teaching and research on India. With an emphasis on

3510-464: The country to maximize the cultivation of food grains by ploughing the lawn himself, at his official residence in New Delhi. During the 22-day war with Pakistan in 1965, On 19 October 1965, Shastri gave the seminal 'Jai Jawan Jai Kishan' ("Hail the soldier, Hail the farmer") slogan at Urwa in Allahabad that became a national slogan. Underlining the need to boost India's food production, Shastri also promoted

3600-414: The day when he was dropped from the cabinet, he was sitting in his home in the dark, without a light. When asked about the reason, he said as he no longer is a minister, all expenses will have to be paid by himself and that as an MP and minister he didn't earn enough to save for times of need. Although Shastri had been a cabinet minister for many years in the 1950s, he was poor when he died. All he owned at

3690-596: The determined leaders broke away, including the Ali brothers ( Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali Jouhar ). Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das formed the Swaraj Party , rejecting Gandhi's leadership. Many nationalists had felt that the non-cooperation movement should not have been stopped due to isolated incidents of violence, and most nationalists while retaining confidence in Gandhi, were discouraged. Gandhi's commitment to nonviolence

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3780-629: The development of nuclear explosives. Bhabha initiated the effort by setting up the nuclear explosive design group Study of Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes (SNEPP). He inaugurated the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University at Hyderabad on 20 March 1965 which was renamed the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in 1996 and was separated into two universities after the formation of Telangana State. The university in Telangana

3870-584: The dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I . As such, Gandhi received extensive support from Indian-Muslim leaders like Maulana Azad , Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari , Hakim Ajmal Khan , Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi , Abbas Tyabji , Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali . The eminent Hindi writer, poet, playwright, journalist, and nationalist Rambriksh Benipuri , who spent more than eight years in prison campaigning for India's independence, wrote: When I recall Non-Cooperation era of 1921,

3960-482: The end was an old car, which he had bought in installments from the government and for which he still owed money. He was a member of the Servants of India society (which included Mahatma Gandhi , Lala Lajpat Rai , Gopal Krishna Gokhle ) which asked all its members to shun accumulation of private property and remain in public life as servants of the people. He was the first railway minister who resigned from office following

4050-472: The first arrests of both Jawaharlal Nehru and his father, Motilal Nehru , on 6 December 1921. The non-cooperation movement was among the broader movement for Indian independence from British rule and ended, as Nehru described in his autobiography , "suddenly" on 4 February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident . Subsequent independence movements were the Civil Disobedience Movement and

4140-543: The first students of the new institution, Shastri graduated with a first-class degree in philosophy and ethics from the Vidyapith in 1925. He was given the title Shastri ("scholar"). The title was a bachelor's degree awarded by the institution but it stuck as part of his name. Shastri enrolled himself as a life member of the Servants of the People Society (Lok Sevak Mandal), founded by Lala Lajpat Rai , and began to work for

4230-495: The first year of his life. Shastri's father, Sharad Prasad Srivastava, was a school teacher who later became a clerk in the revenue office at Prayagraj , while his mother, Ramdulari Devi, was the daughter of Munshi Hazari Lal, the headmaster and English teacher at a railway school in Mughalsarai . Shastri was the second child and eldest son of his parents; he had an elder sister, Kailashi Devi (b. 1900). In April 1906, when Shastri

4320-418: The food saved could be distributed to the affected populace. However, he ensured that he first implemented the system in his own family before appealing to the country. He went on air to appeal to his countrymen to skip a meal a week. The response to his appeal was overwhelming. Even restaurants and eateries downed the shutters on Monday evenings. Many parts of the country observed the "Shastri Vrat". He motivated

4410-584: The government but incite a sympathetic revolt. The revolt did not happen, and India sent its forces across the Ceasefire Line (now Line of Control ) and threatened Pakistan by crossing the International Border near Lahore as war broke out on a general scale. Massive tank battles occurred in the Punjab , and while the Pakistani forces made gains in the northern part of subcontinent, Indian forces captured

4500-656: The guidance of the Indian Administrative Committee, as well as with advice from the Canadian Advisory Council and the Indian Advisory Council. In addition to the Executive Council, there are various committees within the Shastri Institute, which are filled by representatives of the member institutions. Staff members at the India and Canada offices, located in New Delhi and Calgary respectively, carry out all administrative responsibilities of

4590-402: The household of his maternal grandfather, Hazari Lalji. However, Hazari Lalji himself died from a stroke in mid-1908. Thereafter, the family was looked after by his brother (Shastri's great-uncle) Darbari Lal, who was the head clerk in the opium regulation department at Ghazipur, and later by his son (Ramdulari Devi's cousin) Bindeshwari Prasad, a school teacher in Mughalsarai. This situation

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4680-433: The humanities and social sciences, the Shastri Institute's programmes funded fellowships and distributed Indian books and journals to the libraries of the four founding Canadian member institutions. The institute's main sources of funding come from the Canadian and India governments, chiefly through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) on

4770-418: The idea outright. The All India Muslim League also criticized the idea. However, the younger generation of Indian nationalists was thrilled and backed Gandhi, whose plans were adopted by the Congress Party in September 1920 and launched that December. Gandhi strengthened the movement by supporting the contemporaneous Khilafat Movement , the Muslim campaign to restore the status of the Khalifa and protest

4860-435: The image of a storm confronts my eyes. From the time I became aware, I have witnessed numerous movements, however, I can assert that no other movement upturned the foundations of Indian society to the extent that the Non-Cooperation movement did. From the most humble huts to the high places, from villages to cities, everywhere there was a ferment, a loud echo. The impact of the revolt was a total shock to British authorities and

4950-549: The independence movement then taking shape, among his teachers at Harish Chandra High School was an intensely patriotic and highly respected teacher named Nishkameshwar Prasad Mishra, who gave Shastri much-needed financial support by allowing him to tutor his children. Inspired by Mishra's patriotism, Shastri took a deep interest in the freedom struggle, and began to study its history and the works of several of its noted personalities, including those of Swami Vivekananda , Mahatma Gandhi and Annie Besant . In January 1921, when Shastri

5040-489: The independence movement. On 8 August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech at Gowalia Tank in Bombay , demanding that the British leave India. Shastri, who had just then come out after a year in prison, travelled to Allahabad . For a week, he sent instructions to the independence activists from Jawaharlal Nehru 's home, Anand Bhavan . He served as an elected representative for United Provinces in 1937 and 1946 . Following India's independence, Shastri

5130-470: The institution. Canadian Studies Doctoral Research Fellowship: This fellowship is designed to assist full-time graduate students at degree-granting institutions of higher education, whose dissertations are related in substantial part to Canada, to undertake doctoral research about Canada. The maximum value of any award will consist of a contribution towards international airfare, an allowance of CAD 1,200 per complete month towards expenses while in Canada, up to

5220-435: The isolated achievements of an individual but of our society collectively. Under Shastri's leadership India faced and repulsed the Pakistani invasion of 1965. It is not only a matter of pride for the Indian Army but also for every citizen of the country. His slogan Jai Jawan! Jai Kisan!! reverberates even today through the length and breadth of the country. Underlying this is the inner-most sentiments 'Jai Hind'. The war of 1965

5310-410: The issues that divide them. During his tenure as prime minister, Shastri visited many countries including the Soviet Union , Yugoslavia , England, Canada , Nepal, Egypt and Burma . In October 1964 while returning from the Non Alliance Conference in Cairo, on the invitation of the-then president of Pakistan, Muhammad Ayub Khan , to have lunch with him, Shastri made a stopover at Karachi Airport for

5400-400: The key post at Haji Pir, in Kashmir, and brought the Pakistani city of Lahore under artillery and mortar fire. The India-Pakistan war ended on 23 September 1965 with a United Nations -mandated ceasefire. In a broadcast to the nation on the day of the ceasefire, Shastri stated: While the conflict between the armed forces of the two countries has come to an end, the more important thing for

5490-574: The movement ultimately led to the first arrests of both Jawaharlal Nehru and his father, Motilal Nehru , on 6 December 1921. The calls of early political leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Congress Extremists) were called major public meetings. They resulted in disorder or obstruction of government services. The British took them very seriously and imprisoned him in Mandalay in Burma and V. O.Chidambaram Pillai received 40 years of imprisonment. Veterans such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak , Bipin Chandra Pal , Mohammad Ali Jinnah , and Annie Besant opposed

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5580-464: The need for the younger volunteers to continue their educations, Kripalani and a friend, V.N. Sharma, had founded an informal school centered around "nationalist education" to educate the young activists in their nation's heritage and with the support of a wealthy philanthropist and ardent Congress nationalist, Shiv Prasad Gupta, the Kashi Vidyapith was inaugurated by Gandhi in Benares as a national institution of higher education on 10 February 1921. Among

5670-497: The non-cooperation movement was that Gandhi lost faith in constitutional methods and turned from cooperator of British rule to non-cooperator campaigning for Indian independence from colonialism. Other causes include economic hardships to the common Indian citizen, which the nationalists attributed to the economic exploitation of India under colonial rule, the hardships faced Indian artisans due to British factory-made goods replacing handmade goods, and conscription being employed by

5760-524: The police chowki (station). The mob set fire to the police chowki with some 22 policemen inside it. Around 30 mobs were there for this incident. This cruelty made Gandhi think to end the movement. Mahatma Gandhi felt that the revolt was veering off-course, and was disappointed with the rise of violent nature of the movement. He did not want the movement to degenerate into a contest of violence, with police and angry mobs attacking each other back and forth, victimizing civilians in between. Gandhi appealed to

5850-563: The returnees. In December 1965, Shastri made an official visit with his family to Rangoon, Burma and re-established cordial relations with the country's military government of General Ne Win . Laying claim to half the Kutch peninsula , the Pakistani army skirmished with Indian forces in August 1965. In his report to the Lok Sabha on the confrontation in Kutch , Shastri stated: In the utilization of our limited resources, we have always given primacy to plans and projects for economic development. It would, therefore, be obvious for anyone who

5940-413: The selection of candidates and the direction of publicity and electioneering activities. He played an important role in the landslide successes of the Congress Party in the Indian General Elections of 1952, 1957 and 1962. In 1952, he successfully contested UP Vidhansabha from Soraon North cum Phulpur West seat and won by getting over 69% of vote. He was believed to be retained as home minister of UP, but in

6030-424: The situation, Shastri gave assurances that English would continue to be used as the official language as long the non-Hindi speaking states wanted. The riots subsided after Shastri's assurance, as did the student agitation. Shastri continued Nehru's socialist economic policies with central planning. He promoted the White Revolution – a national campaign to increase the production and supply of milk – by supporting

6120-420: The soldier; Hail to the farmer") became very popular during the war. The war formally ended with the Tashkent Declaration on 10 January 1966; Shastri died the next day. Shastri was born on 2 October 1904 at the home of his maternal grandparents in a North-Indian Kayastha Hindu family. Shastri's paternal ancestors were in the service of the zamindar of Ramnagar near Banaras , and Shastri lived there for

6210-413: The transition of Indian nationalism from a middle-class basis to the masses. The non-cooperation movement was a reaction towards the oppressive policies of the British Indian government such as the Rowlatt Act of 18 March 1919, as well as the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of 13 April 1919. Although the Rowlatt Act of 1919, which suspended the rights of political prisoners in sedition trials,

6300-404: The use of local handicrafts, and picket liquor shops. In addition to promoting "self-reliance" by spinning khadi , buying Indian-made goods only, and boycotting British goods, Gandhi's non-cooperation movement also called for stopping planned dismemberment of Turkey ( Khilafat Movement ) and the end to untouchability . This resulted in publicly-held meetings and strikes ( hartals ), which led to

6390-413: Was 5 ft 2 inches tall and always used to wear a dhoti . The only occasion on which he wore pyjamas was a dinner in honor of the Queen of the United Kingdom in 1961 in the Rashtrapati Bhavan. On 16 May 1928, Shastri married Lalita Devi who was from Mirzapur . The couple had four sons and two daughters. Hari Krishna Shastri is the eldest son; The eldest daughter is Kusum Shastri. Suman Shastri

6480-548: Was a political campaign launched on 4 September 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi to have Indians revoke their cooperation from the British government , with the aim of persuading them to grant self-governance . This came as result of the Indian National Congress (INC) withdrawing its support for British reforms following the Rowlatt Act of 18 March 1919 – which suspended the rights of political prisoners in sedition trials, and

6570-566: Was an Indian politician and statesman who served as the Prime Minister of India from 1964 to 1966. He previously served as Home Minister from 1961 to 1963. Shastri was born to Sharad Prasad Srivastava and Ramdulari Devi in Mughalsarai (present-day Uttar Pradesh ) on 2 October 1904. He studied in East Central Railway Inter college and Harish Chandra High School, which he left to join the non-cooperation movement . He worked for

6660-572: Was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in his home state, Uttar Pradesh . He became the Minister of Police and Transport under Govind Ballabh Pant 's Chief Ministership on 15 August 1947 following Rafi Ahmed Kidwai 's departure to become a minister at the centre. As the Transport Minister, he was the first to appoint women conductors . As the minister in charge of the Police Department, he ordered that police use water jets, whose instructions

6750-515: Was elected in 2015 as a member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly . Sunil Shastri who is a member of the Indian National Congress and Ashok Shastri, the youngest son who worked in the corporate world before his death at the age of 37, his wife Neera Shastri was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party national executive. Other members of the family, have also been involved in the corporate and social life of India. Shastri died of

6840-419: Was fairly standard for the time, where the Indian joint family system was a thriving reality; the sense of family relationship and responsibility it fostered was the primary social security of the time. Nor should it be surmised from these circumstances that Shastri grew up in an under-privileged manner, or that his education and comforts were compromised. On the contrary, since he was a rank student, he received

6930-454: Was fought and won for our self-respect and our national prestige. For using our Defence Forces with such admirable skill, the nation remains beholden to Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri. He will be remembered for all times to come for his large heartedness and public service. Shastri continued Nehru's policy of non-alignment but also built closer relations with the Soviet Union . In the aftermath of

7020-530: Was given by him, instead of lathis to disperse unruly crowds. His tenure as police minister (As Home Minister was called prior to 1950) saw successful curbing of communal riots in 1947, mass migration and resettlement of refugees. In 1951, Shastri was made the General Secretary of the All-India Congress Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as the prime minister. He was directly responsible for

7110-536: Was hardly 18 months old, his father, who had only recently been promoted to the post of deputy tehsildar , died in an epidemic of bubonic plague . Ramdulari Devi, then only 23 years old and pregnant with her third child, took her two children and moved from Ramnagar to her father's house in Mughalsarai and settled there for good. She gave birth to a daughter, Sundari Devi, in July 1906. Thus, Shastri and his sisters grew up in

7200-480: Was horrified. He lost all faith in the goodness of the British government and declared that it would be a "sin" to cooperate with the "satanic" government. Likewise, the idea of satyagraha was subsequently authorised by Jawaharlal Nehru , for who the massacre also endorsed "the conviction that nothing short of independence was acceptable." Gandhi derived his ideologies and inspiration from ongoing non-cooperation movements, particularly that by Satguru Ram Singh , who

7290-562: Was in the 10th standard and three months from sitting the final examinations, he attended a public meeting in Benares hosted by Gandhi and Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya . Inspired by the Mahatma's call for students to withdraw from government schools and join the non-cooperation movement, Shastri withdrew from Harish Chandra High School the next day and joined the local branch of the Congress Party as

7380-538: Was instrumental in making Shastri prime minister on 9 June. Shastri, though mild-mannered and soft-spoken, was a Nehruvian socialist and thus held appeal to those wishing to prevent the ascent of conservative right-winger Morarji Desai . In his first broadcast as prime minister, on 11 June 1964, Shastri stated: There comes a time in the life of every nation when it stands at the cross-roads of history and must choose which way to go. But for us, there need be no difficulty or hesitation, no looking to right or left. Our way

7470-601: Was known for his honesty and humility throughout his life. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna , and a memorial " Vijay Ghat " was built for him in Delhi. Several educational institutes including Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (Mussorie, Uttarakhand) bear his name. The Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management was established in Delhi by the Lal Bahadur Shastri Educational Trust in 1995. The Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute

7560-471: Was made on the topic of his death. An RTI was filed to Prime Minister's Office (India) , office responded that it has one file on his death but can not declassify it to the public. Many people still believe that he was poisoned. He was eulogized as a national hero; the Vijay Ghat memorial was established in his memory. Upon his death, Gulzarilal Nanda once again assumed the role of acting prime minister, until

7650-547: Was named after Shastri due to his role in promoting scholarly activity between India and Canada. Lal Bahadur Shastri Memorial run by the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Memorial Trust, is situated next to 10 Janpath his residence when he was prime minister, at 1, Motilal Nehru Place, New Delhi. One of the halls of residence of IIT Kharagpur is named after him as Lal Bahadur Shastri Hall of Residence . In 2011, on Shastri's 45th death anniversary,

7740-722: Was named in July 2014 as Professor Jayashanker Agricultural University . Shastri also inaugurated the National Institute of Technology, Allahabad . Lal Bahadur Shastri inaugurated the Jawahar Dock of the Chennai Port Trust and started the construction work of V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority in November 1964. He inaugurated the Sainik School Balachadi, in the state of Gujarat. He laid the foundation stone of Almatti dam. The commissioned dam bears his name. Shastri

7830-630: Was never invoked and declared void just a few years later, it motivated Gandhi to conceive the idea of satyagraha (truth), which he saw as synonymous with independence. Motivation for Gandhi's movement was further solidified following the events of 13 April 1919 , when a large crowd had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh near the Golden Temple in Amritsar to protest against the arrest of Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal , while others had come to attend

7920-406: Was one of those great Indians who has left an indelible impression on our collective life. Lal Bahadur Shastri's contribution to our public life were unique in that they were made in the closest proximity to the life of the common man in India. Lal Bahadur Shastri was looked upon by Indians as one of their own, one who shared their ideals, hopes and aspirations. His achievements were looked upon not as

8010-640: Was seen as a " political awakening " by Indians and as a "threat" by the British —which led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919. The movement was one of Gandhi's first organized acts of large-scale satyagraha . Gandhi's planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and also economy in India," including British industries and educational institutions. Through non-violent means, or ahimsa , protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt

8100-531: Was withdrawn by him after a year or two. The non-cooperation movement was withdrawn after the Chauri Chaura incident. Although he had stopped the national revolt single-handedly, on 12 February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi was arrested. On 18 March 1922, he was imprisoned for six years for publishing seditious materials. This led to the suppression of the movement and was followed by the arrest of other leaders. Although most Congress leaders remained firmly behind Gandhi,

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