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70-744: Rotherhithe Street is a road in the London Borough of Southwark on the Thames Path . At a length of around 1.5 miles (2.4 km), it is the longest street in London. Notable buildings on the street include the Grade II* listed Nelson House , St Mary's Church, Rotherhithe and Surrey Docks Farm . Owing to the bending of the River Thames in the area, Rotherhithe Street is around 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long, making it

140-471: A rent that residents can afford, based on means testing , via headlease and/or by the Housing List. In many blocks a mixture of social, shared-ownership and private sector housing exists, particularly in those where the right to buy has been exercised and in newer developments. (31.2) (23.8) (26.7) Tate Modern Tate Modern is one of the largest museums of modern and contemporary art in

210-541: A bridge between the two areas. The street is planned to become part of the Rotherhithe Cycleway. 51°30′25″N 0°02′20″W  /  51.50688°N 0.03878°W  / 51.50688; -0.03878 London Borough of Southwark The London Borough of Southwark ( / ˈ s ʌ ð ə k / SUDH -ərk ) in South London forms part of Inner London and is connected by bridges across

280-526: A car parking and a new external public space. In May 2017, the Switch House was formally renamed the Blavatnik Building, after Anglo-Ukrainian billionaire Sir Leonard Blavatnik , who contributed a "substantial" amount of the £260 million cost of the extension. Sir Nicholas Serota commented, "Len Blavatnik's enthusiastic support ensured the successful realisation of the project and I am delighted that

350-545: A mill at 9-13 Rotherhithe Street was also put up for sale. Towards one end of Rotherhithe Street is the Rotherhithe Tunnel , which goes under the Thames and links Rotherhithe with Wapping . Thames Clippers operate a ferry between Rotherhithe Street and Canary Wharf . In 2020, plans were announced for a new Transport for London owned electric ferry service between Rotherhithe and Canary Wharf, replacing previous plans for

420-477: A number of other facilities: The closest station is Blackfriars via its new south entrance. Other nearby stations include Southwark , as well as St Paul's and Mansion House north of the river which can be reached via the Millennium Bridge . The lampposts between Southwark tube station and Tate Modern are painted orange to show pedestrian visitors the route. There is also a riverboat pier just outside

490-505: A retrospective exhibition. A Year in Art: Australia 1992 , featuring contemporary Indigenous Australian art of 1992, which opened in June 2021, was extended until September 2022 owing to its popularity. The Tanks, located on level 0, are three large underground oil tanks, connecting spaces and side rooms originally used by the power station and refurbished for use by the gallery. One tank

560-450: A single floor, the two exhibition areas could be combined to host a single exhibition. This was done for the Gilbert and George retrospective due to the size and number of the works. A 2014 show of Henri Matisse provided Tate Modern with London's best-attended charging exhibition, and with a record 562,622 visitors overall, helped by a nearly five-month-long run. In 2018, Joan Jonas had

630-419: A very large space that can be used to show exceptionally large artworks due to its unusual height. The main collection displays consist of 8 areas with a named theme or subject. Within each area there are some rooms that change periodically showing different works in keeping with the overall theme or subject. The themes are changed less frequently. There is no admission charge for these areas. As of June 2016

700-603: Is at Elephant and Castle, and Camberwell College of Arts is on Peckham Road. The largest university teaching hospital in Europe, King's College London , is at the Guy's Hospital site, merging the teaching activities of the Guy's, St Thomas' and King's College Hospitals here. St Thomas' was founded in the mid-12th century in the borough and parts of it remain at St Thomas Street ; Guy's was founded opposite this in 1725. The Salvation Army maintains

770-734: Is based at City Hall . The press and publishing industry is also well represented in Southwark; the Financial Times has its head office in Southwark Bridge Road, and IPC Magazines in Southwark Street. Campus Living Villages UK also has its head office in the borough. Some of the old industrial and wharfside heritage remains at the now-defunct Surrey Commercial Docks now Surrey Quays , including Greenland Dock and Baltic Quay , where major residential schemes were developed in

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840-711: Is in Dulwich. Bold Tendencies is an annual exhibition space in a former car park on Rye Lane in Peckham which has shown work by Simon Whybray, Jenny Holzer , Derek Jarman , Rene Matić, and Gray Wielebinski . Another museum is the Old Operating Theatre . One former museum include the Cuming Museum and the Livesey Museum for Children was a free children's museum housed in the former Camberwell Public Library No.1, which

910-451: Is the highest point of the borough, Sydenham Hill . This is the fifteenth-highest peak in London . The main watercourse is the Thames bounding the north of the borough into which the area drains. The southern 2 ⁄ 3 of the borough is the valley catchment of a present sewerage and surface water drainage basin , once a large stream with complex mouths across the north of the borough,

980-640: Is used to display installation and video art specially commissioned for the space while smaller areas are used to show installation and video art from the collection. The Tanks have also been used as a venue for live music. The Project Space (formerly known as the Level 2 Gallery) was a smaller gallery located on the north side of the Boiler House on level 1 which housed exhibitions of contemporary art in collaboration with other international art organisations. Its exhibitions typically ran for 2–3 months and then travelled to

1050-408: Is used to display large specially-commissioned works by contemporary artists, between October and March each year. From 2000 until 2012, the series was named after its corporate sponsor, Unilever . In this time the company provided £4.4m sponsorship in total including a renewal deal of £2.2m for a period of five years agreed in 2008. This series was planned to last the gallery's first five years, but

1120-530: The Burghal Hidage and means " Surrey folk's fort" or "the defensive work of the men of Surrey". Southwark is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudweca . The name means "southern defensive work" and is formed from the Old English sūþ (south) and weorc (work). In Old English , Surrey means "southern district (or the men of the southern district)", so the change from "southern district work" to

1190-451: The City of London and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets to the north (the River Thames forming the boundary), the London Borough of Lambeth to the west and the London Borough of Lewisham to the east. To the south the borough tapers giving a brief border with the London Borough of Bromley . The northwest part of the borough is part of Central London and is densely developed. To the east,

1260-493: The City of London to the borough. The Tate Modern art gallery, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre , the Imperial War Museum and Borough Market are also within the borough. At one mile (1.6 km) wide, Burgess Park is Southwark's largest green space. The Norwood Ridge , save for around its broad northern third, forms the borough's boundary. Along these crests, against the extreme of the borough's southern narrow taper,

1330-626: The Effra . It is in very large part converted to a combined sewer under a Joseph Bazalgette -engineered reform to enable general urbanisation; all combined and public foul sewers drain far to the east – to the Crossness works . Similarly reformed, into all three types of drainage (foul, combined, surface), are the Neckinger and Peck catchments of the borough. The local authority is Southwark Council, based at 160 Tooley Street . Since 2000, for elections to

1400-571: The London Assembly , the borough forms part of the Lambeth and Southwark constituency. The borough is covered by three parliamentary constituencies . All three are currently represented by Labour MPs . ( Neil Coyle was suspended from Labour on 11 February 2022, but re-admitted in May 2023, sitting in the interim as an independent . ) At the 2001 census Southwark had a population of 244,866. Southwark

1470-621: The Pilgrim Fathers ' ship, and which claims to be the oldest London riverside pub, is situated on Rotherhithe Street, as is the city farm Surrey Docks Farm . Other significant buildings on the street include the Trinity Halls and Church, which were built in 1836, the former Rotherhithe fire station, which was active from 1906 until 1965 and has been converted to riverside flats, and the free entry Rotherhithe Heritage Museum. At one end of

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1540-580: The River Thames to the City of London and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets . It was created in 1965 when three smaller council areas were amalgamated under the London Government Act 1963 . All districts of the area are within the London postal district . It is governed by Southwark London Borough Council . The part of the South Bank within the borough is home to London Bridge terminus station and

1610-479: The Roman period, but subsequently abandoned. The name Southwark dates from the establishment of a defensive position in the area by King Alfred in the 9th century. Southwark was an ancient borough , being described as a borough from at least the 12th century. The area historically formed part of the county of Surrey . Southwark had a complicated administrative relationship with the neighbouring City of London . There

1680-525: The Stirling Prize for modern architecture. Another architecturally innovative library designed by Piers Gough , Canada Water Library opened in 2011. South London Gallery between Camberwell and Peckham is split across two buildings on Peckham Road. The Tate Modern is also based at Bankside. MOCA, London, as curated by the artist Michael Petry , and Flat Time House are both contemporary art galleries on Bellenden Road. Dulwich Picture Gallery also

1750-625: The William Booth Memorial Training College at Denmark Hill. Founded in 1945, Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts moved to Peckham in 2018. Southwark has a wide variety of housing, including council housing such as the post- Blitz Aylesbury Estate and the Heygate Estate to provide homes to low-income residents. The aforementioned estates have been turned over to local housing associations to demolish and redevelop as mixed-tenure developments. Southwark Council and

1820-525: The 1980s and 1990s. Near Tower Bridge , old warehouses have been converted to new mixed uses at Butler's Wharf and Hay's Wharf . Similarly, further west, the Oxo Tower hosts restaurants, shops and housing. There are major retail concentrations at Surrey Quays, Old Kent Road, Elephant & Castle/Walworth Road and central Peckham. Southwark is currently home to three Opportunity Areas (areas with capacity for significant economic development) as designated in

1890-594: The Greater London Authority have invested tens of millions of pounds in supporting the respective housing associations complete these projects, which in both cases will lead to a large increase in the number of properties on the sites, with an almost equal reduction in the amount of social housing: the Aylesbury Estate originally housed 2,403 properties at social rent while post-development there will be 1,323 for social rent and 1,733 for private sale; meanwhile

1960-541: The Heygate Estate had 1,214 properties before demolition, most of which were leased at social rent, while the final plans for the development will see 2,530 homes, of which 500 will be social housing. Southwark's local residents' returns recorded in 2011 that its rented sector comprised 53.4% of its housing, marginally below the highest in England, which was recorded by Camden , at 53.5%. In neighbouring Lambeth this figure

2030-692: The Martyr were governed by their individual vestries, whilst other smaller parishes and liberties were grouped into the St Olave District and St Saviour's District . In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into metropolitan boroughs . Bermondsey, Rotherhithe and the St Olave District merged to become the Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey , the parish of Camberwell was made the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell , and Newington, Southwark St George

2100-536: The Martyr, and the St Saviour's District merged to become the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark . The City of London's Bridge Without ward which had covered parts of Southwark was effectively abolished as part of the reforms, losing all its territory. The larger London Borough of Southwark was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , covering the combined area of the former metropolitan boroughs of Southwark, Bermondsey and Camberwell. The borough borders

2170-566: The Mayor of London's London Plan. These are Elephant and Castle, Canada Water and Old Kent Road. London South Bank University (LSBU) has over 23,000 students and 1,700 staff at its principal Elephant and Castle site. The Chancellor is the entrepreneur newscaster Richard Farleigh . The University of the Arts London has two of its colleges in the borough: the London College of Communication

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2240-542: The Rotherhithe peninsula has lower-density modern housing and open space around the former Surrey Commercial Docks . The southern part of Southwark includes the Victorian suburbs of Camberwell, Peckham and Nunhead, and the prosperous "village" of Dulwich with some very large houses forms the far south of the borough. Tower Bridge , the Millennium Bridge , Blackfriars Bridge , Southwark Bridge and London Bridge all connect

2310-673: The Swedish Seamen's Church are all in Rotherhithe . Saint George the Martyr is the oldest church in London dedicated to England's patron saint. Southwark has the most British-Nigerian churches in the country and the highest concentration of African churches outside the continent. Places of worship for Sunni Muslims , Hindus , Sikhs and Jews exist. Per the 2011 Census, 35.6% of the borough's resident respondents identified as non-religious , or chose not to state their faith. Religion in Southwark (2021 census) The following table shows

2380-600: The UK government; £7 million from the London Development Agency ; £6 million from philanthropist John Studzinski ; and donations from, among others, the Sultanate of Oman and Elisabeth Murdoch . In June 2013, international shipping and property magnate Eyal Ofer pledged £10 million to the extension project, making it to 85% of the required funds. Eyal Ofer, chairman of London-based Zodiac Maritime Agencies , said

2450-663: The United Kingdom. The first commission for the Hyundai series is Mexican artist, Abraham Cruzvillegas . The artists who have exhibited commissioned work in the Turbine Hall as part of the Hyundai series thus far are: When there is no series running, the Turbine Hall is used for occasional events and exhibitions. In 2011 it was used to display Damien Hirst 's For The Love of God . A sell-out show by Kraftwerk in February 2013 crashed

2520-454: The architect of Battersea Power Station , and built in two stages between 1947 and 1963. It is directly across the river from St Paul's Cathedral . The power station closed in 1981. Prior to redevelopment, the power station was a 200 m (660 ft) long, steel framed , brick clad building with a substantial central chimney standing 99 m (325 ft). The structure was roughly divided into three main areas each running east–west –

2590-599: The attractions of The Shard , Tate Modern , Shakespeare's Globe and Borough Market that are the largest of the venues in Southwark to draw domestic and international tourism . Dulwich is home to the Dulwich Picture Gallery and the Imperial War Museum is in Elephant and Castle . The name Suthriganaweorc or Suthringa geweorche is recorded for the place in the early 10th-century Anglo-Saxon document known as

2660-742: The borough were still exercised by the Surrey authorities. From 1856 the area was also governed by the Metropolitan Board of Works , which was established to provide services across the metropolis of London. In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the County of London . From 1856 until 1900 the lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various parish vestries and district boards . The parishes of Bermondsey , Camberwell , Newington , Rotherhithe and Southwark St George

2730-443: The collaborating institution for display there. The space was only accessible by leaving the building and re-entering using a dedicated entrance. It is no longer used as gallery space. Works are also sometimes shown in the restaurants and members' rooms. Other locations that have been used in the past include the mezzanine on Level 1 and the north facing exterior of the Boiler House building. In addition to exhibition space there are

2800-416: The donation made through his family foundation would enable "an iconic institution to enhance the experience and accessibility of contemporary art". The Tate director, Nicholas Serota , praised the donation saying it would help to make Tate Modern a "truly twenty-first-century museum". The first phase of the expansion involved the conversion of three large, circular, underground oil tanks originally used by

2870-499: The gallery called Bankside Pier , with connections to the Docklands and Greenwich via regular passenger boat services (commuter service) and the Tate to Tate service, which connects Tate Modern with Tate Britain. To the west of Tate Modern is an area currently under redevelopment following the demolitions of Ludgate House, the former headquarters of Express Newspapers and Sampson House ,

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2940-515: The home for the new Tate Modern. In July of the same year, an international competition was launched to select an architect for the new gallery. Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron of Herzog & de Meuron were announced as the winning architects in January 1995. The £134 million conversion to the Tate Modern started in June 1995 and was completed in January 2000. The most obvious external change

3010-545: The huge main Turbine Hall in the centre, with the boiler house to the north and the switch house to the south. For many years after closure Bankside Power station was at risk of being demolished by developers. Many people campaigned for the building to be saved and put forward suggestions for possible new uses. An application to list the building was refused. In April 1994 the Tate Gallery announced that Bankside would be

3080-420: The last census, Southwark was at the time about 50% Christian. It has many notable places of Christian worship and ceremony: Anglican, Roman Catholic and other denominations. These include Charles Spurgeon 's Metropolitan Tabernacle , Southwark Cathedral (Church of England), Saint George's Cathedral (Roman Catholic), and Saint Mary's Cathedral (Greek Orthodox). London's Norwegian Church , Finnish Church and

3150-411: The latter "southern work" may be an evolution based on the elision of the single syllable ge element, meaning district. The strategic context of the defences would have been in relation to London , its bridge and preventing waterborne attackers from travelling further up the Thames . Southwark is the oldest part of south London . An urban area to the south of the bridge was first developed in

3220-458: The longest street in London. The road runs parallel to the River Thames, and comprises part of the Thames Path . The street contains the 18th century Grade II* listed Nelson House , a Georgian house situated next to Nelson Dock . Nelson Dock is a dry dock , active from the 17th century until 1968, and now has the ship La Dame de Serk permanently moored. The Mayflower pub, a pub named after

3290-410: The museum, initially planned to be completed in 2015. The tower was to be built over the old oil storage tanks, which would be converted to a performance art space. Structural, geotechnical, civil, and façade engineering and environmental consultancy was undertaken by Ramboll between 2008 and 2016. This project was initially costed at £215 million. Of the money raised, £50 million came from

3360-423: The new building now bears his name". The collections in Tate Modern consist of works of international modern and contemporary art dating from 1900 until today. Levels 2, 3 and 4 contain gallery space. Each of those floors is split into a large east and west wing with at least 11 rooms in each. Space between these wings is also used for smaller galleries on levels 2 and 4. The Boiler House shows art from 1900 to

3430-720: The old borough where he lived as a young man. The site of The Tabard inn (featured in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales ), the White Hart inn and the George Inn which survives. The rebuilt Globe Theatre and its exhibition on the Bankside remind us of the area's being the birthplace of classical theatre. There is also the remains of the Rose Theatre . In 2007 the Unicorn Theatre for Children

3500-402: The popularity of the series led to its extension until 2012. The artists who have exhibited commissioned work in the Turbine Hall as part of The Unilever Series are: In 2013, Tate Modern signed a sponsorship deal worth around £5 million with Hyundai to cover a ten-year program of commissions, then considered the largest amount of money ever provided to an individual gallery or museum in

3570-602: The power station into accessible display spaces and facilities areas. These opened on 18 July 2012 and closed on 28 October 2012 as work on the tower building continued directly above. They reopened following the completion of the Switch House extension in June 2016. Two of the Tanks are used to show live performance art and installations while the third provides utility space. Tate describes them as "the world's first museum galleries permanently dedicated to live art". A ten-storey tower, 65 m (213 ft) high from ground level,

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3640-414: The present day. The Switch House has eleven floors, numbered 0 to 10. Levels 0, 2, 3 and 4 contain gallery space. Level 0 consists of the Tanks, spaces converted from the power station's original fuel oil tanks, while all other levels are housed in the tower extension building constructed above them. The Switch House shows art from 1960 to the present day. The Turbine Hall is a single large space running

3710-616: The public on 17 June 2016. The design, again by Herzog & de Meuron, has been controversial. It was originally designed with a glass stepped pyramid, but this was amended to incorporate a sloping façade in brick latticework (to match the original power-station building) despite planning consent to the original design having been previously granted by the supervising authority. The extension provides 22,492 m (242,100 sq ft) of additional gross internal area for display and exhibition spaces, performance spaces, education facilities, offices, catering and retail facilities as well as

3780-544: The religious identity of residents residing in Southwark according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. Ex- St Thomas's Church is the Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret . The other redundant church in public use is Francis Bedford 's in Trinity Church Square , as recording studio Henry Wood Hall . Southwark has many literary associations. Charles Dickens set several of his novels in

3850-641: The site as well as information about the conversion was the basis for a 2008 documentary Architects Herzog and de Meuron: Alchemy of Building & Tate Modern . The conversion work was carried out by Carillion . Tate Modern was opened by the Queen on 11 May 2000. Tate Modern received 5.25 million visitors in its first year. The previous year the three existing Tate galleries had received 2.5 million visitors combined. Tate Modern had attracted more visitors than originally expected and plans to expand it had been in preparation since 2004. These plans focused on

3920-412: The south west of the building with the intention of providing 5,000 m of new display space, almost doubling the amount of display space. The southern third of the building was retained by the French State owned power company EDF Energy as an electrical substation . In 2006, the company released the western half of this holding and plans were made to replace the structure with a tower extension to

3990-477: The street is St Mary's Church, Rotherhithe , where Prince Lee Boo is buried. There is also a Hilton hotel on Rotherhithe Street, and around 2 acres (8,100 m) of former dockland near to the street has been converted into a nature park. In 1868, a number of timber buildings on Rotherhithe Street including the White Lion pub were badly damaged by a fire. In 1893, two pubs on the street, The Three Compasses and Noah's Ark, were both put up for sale, and in 1900,

4060-400: The thematic groupings in favour of focusing on pivotal moments of twentieth-century art. It also introduced spaces for shorter exhibitions in between the wings. The layout was: In 2012, there was a partial third rehang. The arrangement was: The Turbine hall, which once housed the electricity generators of the old power station, is five storeys tall with 3,400 square metres of floorspace. It

4130-537: The themed areas were: There is also an area dedicated to displaying works from the Artist Rooms collection. Since the Tate Modern first opened in 2000, the collections have not been displayed in chronological order but have been arranged thematically into broad groups. Prior to the opening of the Switch House there were four of these groupings at a time, each allocated a wing on levels 3 and 5 (now levels 2 and 4). The initial hanging from 2000 to 2006: The first rehang at Tate Modern opened in May 2006. It eschewed

4200-428: The third most visited in Britain and the fourth-most visited art museum in the world. The nearest railway and London Underground station is Blackfriars , which is 550 yards (0.5 km) from the gallery. After sharing the Millbank site with Tate Britain for many decades, since 2000 Tate Modern has occupied the converted former Bankside Power Station . This was originally designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott ,

4270-418: The ticket hotline and website, causing a backlash from the band's fans. In 2018 the Turbine Hall was used for two performances of Messiaen 's Et exspecto resurrectionem mortuorum and Stockhausen 's Gruppen . Two wings of the Boiler House are used to stage the major temporary exhibitions for which an entry fee is charged. These exhibitions normally run for three or four months. When they were located on

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4340-428: The whole length of the building between the Boiler House and the Switch House. At six storeys tall it represents the full height of the original power station building. It is cut by bridges between the Boiler House and the Switch House on levels 1 and 4 but the space is otherwise undivided. The western end consists of a gentle ramp down from the entrance and provides access to both sides on level 0. The eastern end provides

4410-458: The world. As with the UK's other national galleries and museums, there is no admission charge for access to the collection displays, which take up the majority of the gallery space, whereas tickets must be purchased for the major temporary exhibitions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the museum was closed for 173 days in 2020, and attendance plunged by 77 per cent to 1,432,991. However, it recovered strongly in 2022, with 3,883,160 visitors, making it

4480-442: Was 47.3% and in neighbouring Croydon the figure was 29.7%. Southwark had the greatest proportion of social housing in England, 43.7% (31.2% owned by the council itself with the other social housing in the hands of housing associations), at the time of the 2011 census. Tenant management organisations benefit many apartment blocks. The council set much housing policy among Housing Association blocks to allocate homes based on need and

4550-428: Was a parliamentary borough (constituency) of Southwark from 1295 onwards. London was given various manorial and judicial rights over parts of Southwark, notably in 1327 and 1550, when Southwark was brought within the city boundaries as the ward of Bridge Without . However, the city's authority over Southwark was not as complete as it was for the older part of the city north of the Thames; certain judicial powers over

4620-443: Was built above the oil tanks. The original western half of the Switch House was demolished to make room for the tower and then rebuilt around it with large gallery spaces and access routes between the main building and the new tower on level 1 (ground level) and level 4. The new galleries on level 4 have natural top lighting. A bridge built across the turbine hall on level 4 provides an upper access route. The new building opened to

4690-454: Was ethnically 63.04% white, 5.9% Asian or Asian British, and 25.9% black or black British. By 2021 the population was 307,640, with 51.5% white, 9.9% Asian or Asian British, and 25.1% black or black British. 31% of householders were owner–occupiers. The area is the home of many Nigerian (Peckham is largely regarded as the heart of London's Nigerian community), Jamaican, South African, South American, Polish, and French immigrants. t According to

4760-473: Was given to the people of Southwark by the industrialist Sir George Livesey. The museum was closed by Southwark council in 2008. The northern end of the borough opposite the Square Mile includes the More London and London Bridge City developments accommodating the offices of major professional service firms. Notable such businesses include PricewaterhouseCoopers , Norton Rose , Ernst & Young , Lawrence Graham and Actis . The Greater London Authority

4830-456: Was opened on Tooley Street. The Southwark Playhouse is in Elephant and Castle and the Union Theatre is on Union Street near Southwark station. The Menier Chocolate Factory combines a theatre and exhibition space, whilst the newly opened Bridge Theatre is next to Tower Bridge and City Hall. The borough hosts the main site of the Imperial War Museum at the south end of Borough High Street. Peckham Library , designed by Will Alsop won

4900-466: Was the two-story glass extension on one half of the roof. Much of the original internal structure remained, including the cavernous main turbine hall, which retained the overhead travelling crane. An electrical substation , taking up the Switch House in the southern third of the building, remained on-site and owned by the French power company EDF Energy while Tate took over the northern Boiler House for Tate Modern's main exhibition spaces. The history of

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