38-645: Crossness is a location in the London Borough of Bexley , close to the southern bank of the River Thames , to the east of Thamesmead , west of Belvedere and north-west of Erith . The place takes its name from Cross Ness, a specific promontory on the southern bank of the River Thames. In maritime terms, the tip of Cross Ness, in the past referred to as 'Leather Bottle Point', marks the boundary between Barking Reach and Halfway Reach. An unmanned lighthouse on Crossness
76-427: A further 11.5% renting from a housing association , or other registered social landlord. The greater part of the population are nominal Anglicans , but there are a number of Roman Catholic churches and nonconformist congregations. In the 2001 Census, 22.7% of the area's population described themselves as non-religious or chose not to state their faith. Baptists , Plymouth Brethren , and Methodists are among
114-671: A higher population than Bexleyheath, a staging post on the Dover Road, which was at one time of less importance than the nearby East Wickham (also an ancient village), was absorbed in Bexley UDC. Barnes Cray and North Cray were two hamlets in the Cray Valley; and Belvedere was the location of a medieval monastery. The map of Bexley shows that a large proportion of its area comprises suburbia . Some named places, like Albany Park and Barnehurst , are names given to developments engendered by
152-568: A report from Transport for London, Bexley has the lowest overall active, efficient and sustainable mode shares of all the London Boroughs. The following Pie chart shows the religious affiliation of residents residing in Bexley. Religion in Bexley (2021 census) Buildings with Grade II listings (buildings of special interest warranting preservation) are marked with an asterisk * The London Borough of Bexley has three fire stations controlled by
190-531: A second wing built of red bricks, doubling the size of the house. Currently, the building houses a museum of local artefacts, and a history and tourist information centre. In the gardens there is a topiary lawn, herb garden, tropical garden and long herbaceous cottage garden-styled borders. The former walled gardens include a tropical house housing plants and a large vegetable garden. Model gardens have been created to show visitors how to make use of space in small urban gardens. Hall Place also has three galleries inside
228-727: A single parish , while a rural district might contain many. Urban districts were considered to have more problems with public health than rural areas, and so urban district councils had more funding and greater powers than comparable rural districts. Urban districts normally covered smaller towns, usually with populations of fewer than 30,000. When the 1894 Act came into force on 31 December 1894 there had been 753 urban districts, of which 692 had previously been local government districts , 30 had been improvement commissioners districts and 31 were places newly given urban powers in 1894. The number of urban districts initially increased after 1894 as more places sought urban powers, but implementation of
266-424: A suburb of Sydney , Australia bears the name of Bexley and a suburb of Christchurch , New Zealand is also called Bexley . These places outside England are named after the ancient village of Bexley. 51°27′N 0°08′E / 51.450°N 0.133°E / 51.450; 0.133 ( L. Borough of Bexley ) Urban district (England and Wales) In England and Wales , an urban district
304-596: Is Abbey Wood , almost 2 miles (3.2 km) away. The Thames Path Extension - from the Thames Barrier to Crayford Ness - runs along the southern bank of the river through Crossness. London Borough of Bexley The London Borough of Bexley ( / ˈ b ɛ k s l i / ) is a London borough in south-east London , forming part of Outer London . It has a population of 248,287. The main settlements are Sidcup , Erith , Bexleyheath , Crayford , Welling and Old Bexley . The London Borough of Bexley
342-435: Is 2.49, up from 2.43 in 2001. The number of households increased by 3.52% to 92,600 between 2001 and 2011, one of the lowest increases in the capital. In 2011, 62.5% of the borough's population identified themselves as Christian, with 24.1% having no religion. Both figures are above London's average. The following table shows the ethnic group of respondents in the 2001 and 2011 census in Bexley. The principal roads through
380-597: Is a navigational aid to shipping. Crossness is the location of the Crossness Sewage Treatment Works , which includes the historic Victorian Crossness Pumping Station , built at the eastern end of the Southern Outfall Sewer as part of the London sewerage system designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette and constructed between 1859 and 1865. Crossness lighthouse is a steel lattice structure. The light
418-459: Is at an elevation of 41 feet (12.5 m) and gives a white 5-second flash visible for 8 miles (12.9 km). Crossness Nature Reserve is east of the sewage works. The Ridgeway path, owned by Thames Water and built on top of the southern outfall sewer , stretches 3.5 miles (5.6 km) between Plumstead railway station and the Crossness sewage treatment works. The nearest station to Crossness
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#1732847826484456-636: Is in Bexley (due to the borough boundary passing through the site, the station's platforms sit within the Royal Borough of Greenwich ). There are various proposals to extend either the DLR or London Overground to Thamesmead. There are currently no plans to extend the London Underground into the borough, with the nearest current station being in North Greenwich . There are three suburban railway lines crossing
494-619: Is situated just off the A223, Bourne Road, south of Watling Street (A207) and north of the Black Prince interchange of the A2 Rochester Way with the A220. The house dates back to around 1540 when wealthy merchant Sir John Champneys , Lord Mayor of London in 1534, built himself a country house. In 1649, the house was sold to another wealthy City merchant, Sir Robert Austen (1587–1666), who added
532-516: Is within the Thames Gateway , an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration . The local authority is Bexley London Borough Council . Prior to the 19th century the area now forming the borough was sparsely populated: very few of the present settlements were mentioned in the Domesday Book , although the village of Bexley has a charter dated 814 AD . Erith was a port on
570-438: The 2001 census , the borough had a population of 218,307; of whom 105,148 were male, and 113,159 female. Of the population, 44.3% were in full-time employment and 11.6% in part-time employment – compared to a London average of 42.6% and 8.6%, respectively. Residents were predominantly owner-occupiers, with 31.7% owning their house outright, and a further 46.5% owning with a mortgage. Only 2.2% were in local authority housing , with
608-474: The Local Government Act 1894 . Bexley Urban District absorbed the neighbouring parish of East Wickham in 1902; Welling had previously straddled the boundary between Bexley and East Wickham, but after 1902 was therefore wholly in Bexley. Crayford was made an urban district in 1920. Bexley was made a municipal borough in 1935, as was Erith in 1938. The modern borough was created in 1965 under
646-493: The London Fire Brigade within its boundary: those at Erith, Sidcup and Bexley. Bexley fire station's ground is the largest of the three; covering 23.7 km . The Borough has several Non-League football clubs: Bexley RFC The town of Bexley, Ohio , a suburb of the state capital, Columbus , was named at the suggestion of an early resident, James Kilbourne, whose family's roots were in Bexley, England. In addition,
684-660: The London Government Act 1963 , covering the combined area of the former boroughs of Bexley and Erith , the Crayford Urban District and the Sidcup area from the Chislehurst and Sidcup Urban District (the Chislehurst area went to the London Borough of Bromley ). The area was transferred from Kent to Greater London, to become one of the 32 London boroughs. The coat of arms of the borough depicts symbols for
722-541: The London Outer Orbital Path . Bexley Borough has joined with three other adjoining boroughs to for the South East London Green Chain linking green spaces. Bexley is not served by any London Underground , Tramlink , Docklands Light Railway or London Overground services. However, since 2022, Elizabeth line services have started to utilise a terminus at Abbey Wood , the entrance to which
760-746: The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 ): these had a slightly higher status and the right to appoint a mayor . Urban districts in the outer London area were absorbed into London Boroughs in 1965 as a consequence of the London Government Act 1963 . All remaining urban districts in England and Wales were abolished in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 , and replaced with a uniform system of larger districts – see Districts of England and Districts of Wales – which often covered both urban and rural areas. Many parish councils in England were created for towns previously covered by urban districts and, as
798-603: The River Shuttle , a tributary of the Cray. The major centres of settlement can be considered in two parts: the older established erstwhile villages; and the infill areas of suburban houses and centres. Among the former are Erith , in the 17th century a port on the Thames, and an industrial town in the later 19th century; Bexleyheath , created at the same time on the London to Dover road. By
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#1732847826484836-618: The Borough from its high point of Shooters Hill , on the boundary with the Royal Borough of Greenwich, to end above the River Thames at Belvedere , where the land drops down to the old port of Erith . This high land, whose geology is the sand and pebbles of the Blackheath beds , and which results in heathland , provided a natural course for the old Roman road of Watling Street , which ran between Crayford and Welling . The land falls away to
874-739: The Borough include the A2 trunk road ; the A20 (Sidcup By-pass) which generally marks its southern boundary; the A207 , which is the route of the erstwhile Watling Street ; the A206 which takes traffic from Woolwich and Dartford ; and the latter's newer counterpart, the A2016 through Thamesmead . There are also some long-distance footpaths in the Borough: among them the Thames Path and
912-582: The Borough which converge at Dartford . The most northerly is the North Kent Line , then the Bexleyheath Line which runs through the centre of the borough and then finally the Dartford Loop Line which runs furthest south. Abbey Wood and Slade Green are also served by Thameslink trains. The National Rail stations are: In 2019, the mode share in Bexley was reported as follows According to
950-480: The River Thames until the 17th century; the opening of the sewage works at nearby Crossness in the late 19th century turned it into an industrial town. Today's settlement pattern is the result of the gradual extension of the London influence. Until the 19th century it was an area with a few isolated buildings such as the Georgian Danson House . With the coming of the railways building began apace, although
988-431: The area is still composed of many disconnected settlements, interspersed with area of open ground and parks. A local government district called Bexley was created in 1880, covering the parish of Bexley , which included both Bexley village and Bexleyheath. Another local government district had been created covering the neighbouring parish of Erith in 1876. Such districts were converted into urban districts under
1026-403: The building of the railways. Some came into being when large estates and farmland were broken up for the sole purpose of suburban building: these include Blackfen , Lamorbey and part of Falconwood . Others simply reflect the nature of area: Lessness Heath ; Longlands (part of Sidcup); Northumberland Heath and West Heath . The borough has boundaries with the London Borough of Bromley to
1064-461: The county of Kent . Despite the suburbia mentioned above, there are still open spaces among the borough's streets and avenues. The Borough owns and maintains over one hundred parks and open spaces, large and small; and there is still a part of the Erith Marshes bordering the River Thames. The Crayford Marshes lie to the east of that river, as do Foots Cray Meadows further south. The largest of
1102-495: The earlier 20th century, both were created Urban District Councils (UDC), as was Foots Cray (an ancient village site). Thamesmead , the "new town" built on what was the Erith Marshes, extends into the Borough: both Thamesmead North and South are located here. Crayford was mentioned in the Domesday Book , and its parish later included the hamlets of North End and Slade Green . Other settlements include Welling , which has
1140-432: The house, presenting art exhibitions and museum displays. In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough had a total population of 4,165. This rose slowly throughout the 19th century, as the district became built up; reaching 10,963 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth increased. The population peaked in the 1970s, when industry began to relocate from London. In
1178-866: The main rivers in the area, the Bexley Charter Oak, the industry and the Kent boundary . The local authority is Bexley Council, which has its headquarters at the Bexley Civic Offices in Bexleyheath . Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the Bexley and Bromley constituency. Bexley, lying as it does on the outer fringe of London, has many relatively large areas of open space. The ridge of higher ground in South London crosses
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1216-538: The north of the high ground, across the Erith Marshes to the River Thames , which here makes a loop to the north at Crossness . There is a further ridge of less higher ground from the west terminating at Sidcup . Apart from the River Thames the other rivers within the Borough are the River Darent , which, with its tributary the River Cray and the smaller Stanham River , all form part of its north-eastern boundary; and
1254-462: The open spaces are Foots Cray Meadows , Lesnes Abbey Woods , Danson Park and Hall Place Gardens. There are also many golf courses and sports fields, particularly to the west of Crayford. Hall Place is a former stately home, today a Grade I listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument, beside the River Cray on the outskirts of Crayford, south-east of Bexleyheath and north-east of Old Bexley. It
1292-478: The other congregations. In 2008 the former Crayford Methodist Church was purchased by the North West Kent Muslim Association to become a mosque serving Bexley and Dartford boroughs. In 2011, 58.1% of Bexley's population was between 20 and 64 years old, the lowest percentage in London. 16% of the population was over 65, the third highest behind Bromley and Havering . The average household size
1330-444: The recommendations of a series of county reviews as established by the Local Government Act 1929 saw a net decrease of 159 between 1932 and 1938. In many instances smaller urban districts were merged with their surrounding rural districts, with the result that new districts emerged covering rural as well as urban parishes. At the same time, a number of larger urban districts became municipal boroughs (as already created, in 1835 under
1368-495: The south and the Royal Borough of Greenwich to the west; across the River Thames to the north it borders the London Borough of Havering and London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ; there is a short boundary with the unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex to the northeast. There are boundaries with the Borough of Dartford to the east and Sevenoaks district to the southeast, both in
1406-449: Was a type of local government district that covered an urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected urban district council ( UDC ), which shared local government responsibilities with a county council . In England and Wales , urban districts and rural districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73) as subdivisions of administrative counties . A similar model of urban and rural districts
1444-597: Was also established in Ireland in 1899, which continued separately in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland after 1921. They replaced the earlier system of urban and rural sanitary districts (based on poor law unions ) whose functions were taken over by the district councils. The district councils also had wider powers over local matters such as parks, cemeteries and local planning. An urban district usually contained
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