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51-793: Kolomak is located between Poltava and Kharkiv , on both banks of the Kolomak River , a major left tributary of the Vorskla in the drainage basin of the Dnieper . Kolomak is an old Cossack town of the Sloboda Ukraine where Hetman Ivan Mazepa signed a treaty with Russia. It was a village in Valky uyezd of Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire . During World War II it was under German occupation from October 1941 to September 1943. In January 1989

102-493: A snuffbox with monogram. In 1802 the city became the seat of the newly established Poltava Governorate . The city's population in 1802 consisted of some 8,000 residents. That same year Poltava opened a government-funded hospital of 20 beds. On 2 February 1808, the Poltava Male Gymnasium was established. On 20 June 1808 some 54 families of craftsmen were invited to the city from German principalities and settled in

153-451: A center of anti-government revolt led by Martyn Pushkar , who contested the legitimacy of Ivan Vyhovsky 's election to the post of Hetman of Zaporizhian Host . The uprising was extinguished with the help of Crimean Tatars . On the issue boyar Vasily Borisovich Sheremetev wrote to Alexei Mikhailovich on 8 June 1658: "... the Cherkas [Cossack] city of Poltava is ravaged and burned to

204-554: A district school, a gymnasium, an Institute for Noble Maidens , a spiritual academy, a cadet corps , a library and a number of schools. In 1870, Poltava railway station was opened, leading to rapid economic growth in the region. However, by 1914 the Population of Poltava (around 60,000) was mostly working in small enterprises. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries Poltava became an important cultural centre, where many representatives of Ukrainian national revival were active. During

255-614: A reason. According to modern historians, "For Gediminas and Algirdas, retention of paganism provided a useful diplomatic tool and weapon ... that allowed them to use promises of conversion as a means of preserving their power and independence". Hermann von Wartberge and Jan Długosz described Algirdas as a pagan until his death in 1377. Contemporary Byzantine accounts support the Western sources; Patriarch Neilos described Algirdas as "fire-worshipping prince" and another patriarch, Philotheos, excommunicated all Ruthenian noblemen who helped

306-514: A second round of Mayoral election. The territory of Poltava is divided into 3 urban districts : The village of Rozsoshentsi , Shcherbani , Tereshky , Kopyly and Suprunivka are officially considered to be outside the city, but constitute part of the Poltava agglomeration. The centre of the old city is a semicircular Neoclassical square with the Tuscan column of cast iron (1805–11), commemorating

357-574: A unity which even the Neoclassical belltower has failed to mar. Another frothy Baroque church, dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos, was destroyed in 1934 and rebuilt in the 1990s. A minor planet 2983 Poltava discovered in 1981 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh is named after the city. The most popular sport is football (soccer) . Two professional football teams are based in

408-579: Is a city located on the Vorskla River in Central Ukraine . It serves as the administrative center of Poltava Oblast as well as Poltava Raion within the oblast. It also hosts the administration of Poltava urban hromada , one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Poltava has a population of 279,593 (2022 estimate). It is still unknown when Poltava was founded, although the town was not attested before 1174. However, municipal authorities chose to celebrate

459-682: Is electrified and is used by the Poltava Express. The electrification of the Poltava-Kharkiv line was completed in August 2008. The Avtovokzal serves as the city's intercity bus station. Buses for local municipal routes depart from "AC-2" (autostation No. 2 – along Shevchenko Street) and "AC-3" (Zinkivska Street). Local municipal routes are parked along the Taras Shevchenko Street. Marshrutka minibuses serve areas where regular bus access

510-519: Is not located in Kolomak but in Shelestove , about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the settlement. There is a freight dead-end railway line to Kolomak from Vodiana railway station , on the same line connecting Kharkiv and Poltava. Poltava Poltava ( UK : / p ɒ l ˈ t ɑː v ə / , US : / p ə l ˈ -/ ; Ukrainian : Полтава , IPA: [polˈtɑwɐ] )

561-589: Is one of the coldest cities in Ukraine . The annual precipitation is fairly evenly distributed, with the highest concentration in summer, and which falls as snow in winter. Poltava is the administrative center of the Poltava Oblast ( province ) as well as of the Poltava Raion housed within the city. However, Poltava is a city of oblast subordinance , thus being subject directly to the oblast authorities rather to

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612-446: Is unavailable; however, they are privately owned and cost more per ride. In addition, a 10-route trolleybus network of 72.6 kilometres (45.1 mi) runs throughout the city. On the routes of the city go more than 50 units of trolleybuses. Poltava is also served by an International Airport, situated outside the city limits near the village of Ivashky. The international highway M03 , linking Poltava with Kyiv and Kharkiv, passes through

663-572: The Holy Cross Exaltation Monastery in Poltava. The project was financed by a number of prominent local residents, including Martyn Pushkar , Ivan Iskra , Ivan Kramar and many others. During the 1654 Pereyaslav Council , the Poltava city delegates pledged their allegiance to the Czar of Muscovy, after which stolnik Andrei Spasitelev arrived in Poltava and recorded 1,335 residents who had pledged their allegiance. In 1658 Poltava became

714-747: The Nazi Wehrmacht occupied Poltava from 18 September 1941 until 23 September 1943, when it was retaken during the Chernigov-Poltava Strategic Offensive of the Battle of the Dnieper . During the Nazi occupation the Jewish population (9.9% of the total population in 1939) was imprisoned in a ghetto before being murdered during mass executions perpetrated by an Einsatzgruppe and buried in mass graves in

765-471: The Soviet Union , where missile and communications officers were prepared, and was also home to a Soviet Air Force division of heavy bombers. Until 18 July 2020, Poltava was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Poltava Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Poltava Oblast to four,

816-865: The Trubetzkoy , Czartoryski and Sanguszko families. Although Algirdas was said to have ordered the death of Anthony, John, and Eustathius of Vilnius , who were later glorified as martyrs of the Russian Orthodox Church , the 16th-century Bychowiec Chronicle and 17th-century Hustynska Chronicle maintain that he converted to Orthodox Christianity some time before his marriage to Maria of Vitebsk in 1318. Several Orthodox churches were built in Vilnius during his reign, but later assertions about his baptism are uncorroborated by contemporary sources. Despite contemporary accounts and modern studies, however, some Russian historians (such as Batiushikov) claim that Algirdas

867-581: The battle of the Vorskla River . According to legend, after the battle, the Cossack Mamay helped Vytautas to escape death. The city is mentioned for the first time under the name of Poltava no later than 1430. Supposedly, in 1430 the Lithuanian duke Vytautas gave the city, along with Glinsk (today a village near the city of Romny ) and Glinitsa, to Murza Olexa (Loxada Mansurxanovich), who moved to

918-553: The events of 1917–1920 , Poltava was under the rule of a number of governments, including the Central Rada , Hetmanate , Ukrainian People's Republic , White Movement and Bolsheviks . From 1918 to 1919 there was Occupation of Poltava by the Bolsheviks . After becoming a part of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , Poltava experienced accelerated industrial growth, and its population increased to 130,000 by 1939. In World War II ,

969-666: The imperial government selected a renowned Greek scholar, Eugenios Voulgaris , to preside over the new diocese. After his retirement in 1779, he was replaced by another Greek theologian, Nikephoros Theotokis . In 1779 the city established the Poltava county school, which became its first secular educational institution. In 1787 Catherine the Great stopped in Poltava on the way from Crimea , escorted by Grigori Potemkin , Alexander Suvorov and Mikhail Kutuzov . In Poltava, on 7 June 1787, before another Russo-Turkish War , Potemkin received his title "Prince of Taurida", while Suvorov received

1020-592: The "impious" Algirdas. His pagan beliefs were also mentioned in 14th-century Byzantine historian Nicephorus Gregoras ' accounts. After his death, Algirdas was burned on a ceremonial pyre with 18 horses and many of his possessions in a forest near Maišiagala , probably in the Kukaveitis forest shrine located at 54°55′42″N 25°01′04″E  /  54.92833°N 25.01778°E  / 54.92833; 25.01778 . His alleged burial site has undergone archaeological research since 2009. Algirdas' descendants include

1071-683: The Cuman khans Konchak and Kobiak, crossed the Vorskla River near Ltava and moved towards Pereiaslav ), where Igor's army was victorious over the Cumans. During the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1238–39, many cities of the middle Dnipro region were destroyed, possibly including Ltava. In the mid-14th century the region was part of the Duchy of Kyiv, which was a vassal of the Algirdas ' Grand Duchy of Lithuania . According to

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1122-690: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the Golden Horde . In 1430 Murza Olexa was baptized as Alexander Glinsky, who was a progenitor of the Glinsky family . According to Shenninkov, Alexander Glinsky must have been baptized in 1390 by Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kyiv , who had just regained his title of Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Russia (rather than the Metropolitan of Russia Minor and Lithuania). On 6 March 1390 Cyprian permanently moved to Muscovy . In 1482, Poltava

1173-563: The Moscow principality, his rule in both commercial centres was (at best) precarious. Algirdas occupied the important principalities of Smolensk and Bryansk . Although his relationship with the grand dukes of Moscow principality was generally friendly (demonstrated by his marriages to two Orthodox Russian princesses), he besieged Moscow in 1368 and 1370 during the Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372) . An important feat by Algirdas

1224-553: The Polish throne, converted to Roman Catholicism and founded the dynasty which ruled Lithuania and Poland for nearly 200 years. Algirdas ( Belarusian : Альгерд , Alhierd ) is also widely honoured in Belarus as a unifier of all Belarusian lands within one state, a successful military commander and ruler of medieval Belarus. A monument to him has been erected in Vitsebsk in 2014, as part of

1275-579: The Russian historian Aleksandr Shennikov, the region around modern Poltava was a Cuman Duchy belonging to Mansur, who was a son of Mamai . Shennikov also claims that the Mansur Duchy joined the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as an associated state rather than a vassal state , and that the city of Poltava already existed at that time. In 1399, Mansur's army assisted the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army in

1326-634: The Ruthenian-Polish magnate Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (1612–51). In 1648, the city became the base of a distinguished regiment of Ukrainian Cossacks , and served as a Cossack stronghold during the Khmelnytsky Uprising . In 1650, to commemorate a victory of the Cossack Host over the Polish army at the Poltavka River , the Metropolitan of Kyiv, Sylvester Kossov , ordered the establishment of

1377-478: The Theotokos in Vilnius under the monastic name Alexius. With Maria of Vitebsk: With Uliana of Tver: Through his son Vladimir, Algirdas is the fifth great-grandfather of Elizabeth Báthory . Algirdas balanced himself between Moscow principality and Poland, spoke Lithuanian and Ruthenian (among other languages) and followed the majority of his pagan and Orthodox subjects rather than to alienate them by promoting Roman Catholicism . His son Jogaila ascended

1428-640: The Turkish fortress of Kyzy-Kermen (today the city of Beryslav , Kherson Oblast ). On 8 July (New Style) or 27 June (Old Style) 1709 the Battle of Poltava took place near the city during the Great Northern War . The battle ended in a decisive victory of Peter I of Russia over the Swedish forces and had great historical importance for the Russians. In 1710 there was a plague in the city and its surrounding area. In

1479-545: The area. By the summer of 1944, the United States Army Air Forces conducted a number of shuttle bombing raids against Nazi Germany under the name of Operation Frantic . Poltava Air Base , as well as Myrhorod Air Base , were used as eastern locations for landing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers involved in those operations. The post-war restoration of Poltava continued in the 1950s and 1960s. The city became an important centre of military education in

1530-516: The capital, Vilnius . With the aid of his brother, Kęstutis , Algirdas drove out the incompetent Jaunutis and declared himself Grand Duke in 1345. He devoted the next thirty-two years to the development and expansion of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After becoming the ruler of Lithuania , Algirdas was titled the King of Lithuania ( Latin : rex Letwinorum ) in the Livonian Chronicles instead of

1581-557: The celebration of the city's 1040th anniversary. Algirdas was Duke of Vitebsk for over 20 years before becoming Grand Duke of Lithuania. In December 2022, the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus issued a commemorative coin dedicated to the Battle of Blue Waters with a portrait of Algirdas. Algirdas features in the 2021 video game Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition in the Dawn of

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1632-566: The centenary of the Battle of Poltava and featuring 18 Swedish cannons captured in that battle. As Peter the Great celebrated his victory in the Saviour church, this 17th-century wooden shrine was carefully preserved to this day. The five-domed city cathedral, dedicated to the Exaltation of the Cross , is a superb monument of Cossack Baroque , built between 1699 and 1709. As a whole, the cathedral presents

1683-671: The city was finally subjected to the Tsardom of Muscovy , while remaining part of the Cossack Hetmanate . The city suffered from the Great Turkish War when in 1695 Petro Ivanenko led an anti-Muscovite uprising with the help of Crimean Tatars , who ravaged the local monastery. The same year the Poltava Regiment actively participated in the Azov campaigns which resulted in the taking of

1734-547: The city was merged into Poltava Raion. Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census : According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April-May 2023, 75 % of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 12 % spoke Russian. Poltava has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ), with four distinct seasons, it

1785-504: The city's 1100th anniversary in 1999. The settlement is indeed an old one, as archeologists unearthed an ancient Paleolithic dwelling, as well as Scythian remains, within the city limits. The present name of the city is traditionally connected to the settlement Ltava , which is mentioned in the Hypatian Chronicle in 1174. According to the chronicle, on Saint Peter's Day (12 July) of 1182, Igor Sviatoslavich , chasing hordes of

1836-737: The city: Vorskla Poltava in the Ukrainian Premier League and FC Poltava in the Second League . There are 3 stadiums in Poltava: Butovsky Vorskla Stadium (main city stadium), Dynamo Stadium are situated in the city centre and Lokomotiv Stadium which is situated in Podil district. Poltava's transportation infrastructure consists of two major train stations: Poltava-Pivdenna and Poltava-Kyivska , with railway links to Kyiv , Kharkiv , and Kremenchuk . Poltava-Kyiv line

1887-568: The expense of the Moscow principality and the Golden Horde and extending the borders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Black Sea. His principal efforts were directed toward securing the Slavic lands which were part of the former Kievan Rus' . Although Algirdas engineered the election of his son Andrius as Prince of Pskov and a powerful minority of Novgorod Republic citizens supported him against

1938-591: The ground and only if the Great Sovereign orders to rebuild on the Tatar Sokma (pathway) of Bakeyev Route and protect many his sovereign cities from Tatar visits. And if the Great Sovereign allows to place a voivode in the city and rebuilt the city until the fall that in Poltava Cherkasy [Cossacks] and residents built their houses and stock-piled their food". With the signing of the 1667 truce of Andrusovo ,

1989-614: The mid-18th century the Kolomak Woods near Poltava became a base of haidamaks (Cossack paramilitary bands). By 1770, Poltava had several brick factories, a regimental doctor, and a pharmacy; that same year the city conducted four fairs. In 1775 it became a city of Novorossiysk Governorate , guarded by the 8th Company of the Dnieper Pike Regiment headquartered in Kobeliaky . In 1775 Poltava's Holy Cross Exaltation Monastery became

2040-429: The newly established German Sloboda neighborhood with about 50 clay-made houses. In 1810 there were 8,328 people living in Poltava; that same year, the city's first theater was built. In August 1812, on orders of Little Russia Governor General Lobanov-Rostovsky , the famed Ukrainian writer and statesman Ivan Kotlyarevsky formed the 5th Poltava Cavalry Cossack Regiment. By 1860, Poltava had around 30,000 inhabitants,

2091-401: The population was 4628 people. In January 2013 the population was 3844 people. Until 18 July 2020, Kolomak was the administrative center of Kolomak Raion . The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Kolomak Raion was merged into Bohodukhiv Raion. Until 26 January 2024, Kolomak

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2142-446: The raion administration housed in the city itself. Poltava's government consists of the 50-member Poltava City Council ( Ukrainian : Полтавська Міська рада ) which is headed by the Secretary (currently Oleksandr Kozub). The city's current mayor is Oleksandr Mamay, who was sworn in on 4 November 2010 after being elected with more than 61 percent of the vote. In 2015 he was re-elected as a candidate of Conscience of Ukraine with 62.9% in

2193-399: The seat of bishops of the newly created Eparchy ( Diocese ) of Slaviansk and Kherson. This large new diocese included the lands of the Novorossiya Governorate and the Azov Governorate north of the Black Sea . Since much of that area had only recently been seized from the Ottoman Empire by Russia, and a large number of Orthodox Greek settlers had been invited to settle in the region,

2244-586: The southern outskirts of the city. There is also a regional highway P-17 crossing Poltava and linking it with Kremenchuk and Sumy . Poltava has always been one of the most important science and education centres in Ukraine. Major universities and institutions of higher education include the following: Astronomy Poltava is twinned with: Algirdas Algirdas ( Belarusian : Альгерд , romanized :  Alhierd ; Ukrainian : Ольге́рд, О́льґерд , romanized :  Olherd, Olgerd , Polish : Olgierd ; c.  1296  – May 1377)

2295-407: The terms knyaz (English: prince , duke ) or velikiy knyaz ( grand prince ). Two factors are thought to have contributed to this result: the political sagacity of Algirdas and the devotion of Kęstutis. The division of their dominions is illustrated by the fact that Algirdas appears almost exclusively in East Slavic sources, while Western chronicles primarily describe Kęstutis. Lithuania

2346-444: Was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1345 to 1377. With the help of his brother Kęstutis (who defended the western border of the Duchy) he created an empire stretching from the present Baltic states to the Black Sea and to within 80 kilometres (50 miles) of Moscow. Algirdas was one of the seven sons of Grand Duke Gediminas . Before his death in 1341, Gediminas divided his domain, leaving his youngest son Jaunutis in possession of

2397-408: Was an Orthodox ruler. The Kiev Monastery of the Caves ' commemorative book, underwritten by Algirdas' descendants, recorded his baptismal name as Demetrius during the 1460s. Algirdas married Uliana of Tver by 1350. Following Wojciech Wijuk Kojałowicz and Macarius I , Volodymyr Antonovych writes that Algirdas took monastic vows several days before his death and was interred at the Cathedral of

2448-438: Was designated urban-type settlement . On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Kolomak became a rural settlement. The Highway M03 , connecting Kyiv and Kharkiv via Poltava, runs about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Kolonak, and the settlement has an easy access to it. There are local roads as well. Kolomak railway station , on the Southern railway line connecting Kharkiv and Poltava,

2499-550: Was his victory over the Tatars in the Battle of Blue Waters at the Southern Bug in 1362, which resulted in the breakup of the Kipchaks and compelled the khan to establish his headquarters in the Crimea . In a 1371 letter to Philotheus Kokkinos, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople , Algirdas titled himself as a Lithuanian King, demanded a separate metropolitan bishop (from Moscow ) for Kyiv , Smolensk, Tver , Little Russia , Novosil , and Nizhny Novgorod , and denied Muscovite complaints that he attacked Moscow without

2550-548: Was razed by the Crimean Khan Mengli I Giray . In 1537 Ografena Vasylivna Glinska (Baibuza) passed Poltava to her son-in-law Mykhailo Ivanovych Hrybunov-Baibuza. After the Union of Lublin in 1569, the territory around Poltava became part of the Crown of Poland . In 1630 Poltava was passed to a Polish magnate, Bartholomew Obalkowski. In 1641 it changed ownership again, to Alexander Koniecpolski. In 1646 Poltava became part of Wiśniowiecki Ordynatsia (a large Wiśniowiecki estate in Left-bank Ukraine centered in Lubny ), governed by

2601-439: Was surrounded by enemies. The Teutonic Order in the northwest and the Golden Horde in the southeast sought Lithuanian territory, while Poland to the west and the Moscow principality to the east were generally hostile competitors. "The entire Rus' should belong to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania " — Algirdas' messengers statement to the Teutonic Order Algirdas held his own, also acquiring influence and territory at

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