Zhang Zhenlin ( Chinese : 张镇麟 ; born 28 January 1999), or Kevin Zhang , is a Chinese professional basketball player for the Liaoning Flying Leopards of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He played college basketball for the Tulane Green Wave .
105-872: Born in Shenyang , China, Zhang grew up watching National Basketball Association (NBA) players Steve Nash and LeBron James and aspired to play basketball in the United States. In 2013, at age 14, he joined the United States Basketball Academy in Blue River, Oregon upon the advice of his mother's friend, Bruce O'Neil. Zhang spoke no English at the time. In his first three years of high school, he played for La Lumiere School in LaPorte, Indiana , where he played with top recruits Jaren Jackson Jr. and Brian Bowen . Over three seasons at La Lumiere, he helped his team to
210-624: A monsoon -influenced humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa ) characterised by hot, humid summers due to the monsoon, and dry, cold winters due to the Siberian anticyclone . The four seasons here are distinctive. Nearly half of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August. Monthly mean temperatures range from −11.4 °C (11.5 °F) in January to 24.9 °C (76.8 °F) in July, for an annual average of 8.6 °C (47.5 °F). The frost-free period
315-523: A 121–108 win over the Tianjin Pioneers . On 8 March 2021, Zhang scored a career-high 46 points and 9 rebounds in a 124-115 win over Guangdong Southern Tigers . Zhang joined the US national basketball team for training camp in preparation for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup but did not make the final roster. Zhang was selected into the final roster of China men's national basketball team competing for
420-506: A 32-year ban from participating in international sport due to apartheid . The Unified Team (made up by the former Soviet republics without the Baltic states ) topped the medal table, winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals. Barcelona is the second-largest city in Spain and the capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia , and the hometown of then- IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch and
525-514: A bid for the games, but withdrew in March 1986. With 85 out of 89 members of the IOC voting by secret ballot, Barcelona won a majority of 47 votes. Samaranch abstained from voting. In the same IOC meeting, Albertville, France, won the right to host the 1992 Winter Games . Paris and Brisbane would eventually be selected to host the 2024 and 2032 Summer Olympics respectively. Barcelona had previously bid for
630-649: A combined 82–7 record and the 2017 High School Nationals title. As a senior, Zhang played for Montverde Academy in Montverde, Florida , helping his team achieve a 35–0 record and win High School Nationals. At the National Prep Showcase in November 2017, he scored 25 points and had five three-pointers against New Hampton School . He was friends with Montverde teammate RJ Barrett , the number one recruit in
735-556: A population of 645,399 (2014). Heping District has all manner of commercial businesses that are brightly neon -lit at night, centered around Taiyuan Street ( 太原街 ; Taìyuán Jīe ), one of the most famous shopping district in the Northeast. The Project 985 university, Northestern University , is also located in Heping District. The district, better known as the downtown, sprung up around Shenyang Railway Station (known locally as
840-590: A population of 764,419. In May 2002, the Shenyang city government annexed a large area of suburban land from the neighbouring Yuhong District to establish a new state-level development zone—the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone ( 沈阳经济技术开发区 ), and transferred its administration to Tiexi District to form the Tiexi New District ( 铁西新区 ), thus giving Tiexi District the current "necked" shape on
945-637: A pretext to formally invade and occupy most of Manchuria, and Mukden became a Russian stronghold in the Far East with the building of what would become the South Manchurian Railway - from Harbin via Mukden to Dalny . During the Russo-Japanese War (1904—1905), Mukden became the site of the Battle of Mukden from February 19 to March 10, 1905. Involving more than 600,000 combat participants, it
1050-553: A secret treaty with Russian foreign minister Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky , allowing the Russian Empire to build a Russian-gauge railway through Manchuria, which opened the door towards further Russian expansionism in the form of another lease convention in 1898 , effectively allowing Russia to annex Port Arthur in all but name. However, after the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, Russian forces used that anti-foreigner insurgency as
1155-544: A sophomore, he scored a season-high 15 points, converting on all five of his three-point attempts, in a 76–71 upset win over Cincinnati . Zhang finished the season averaging 5.1 points and 2.1 rebounds in 19.2 minutes per game. On 19 October 2020, Zhang made his professional debut for the Liaoning Flying Leopards of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA), recording 13 points and 11 rebounds in
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#17328558695631260-469: A workforce of 3,083 people, a permanent radio and television installation at the Olympic Stadium and Palau Sant Jordi, and over 50 mobile units for other venues, RTO'92 provided live coverage of all Summer Olympic sports for the first time ever –except for a few preliminary events–, some 2,800 hours of live television footage, to its international rights-holders. The International Broadcast Centre (IBC)
1365-461: Is 183 days, which is long considering the severity of the winters. The city receives 2,421 hours of bright sunshine annually; monthly percent of possible ranges from 42 percent in July to 64 percent in February. Extreme temperatures range from −33.1 °C (−28 °F) to 39.3 °C (103 °F). See or edit raw graph data . Shenyang's metropolitan area traditionally consisted of
1470-620: Is a part of the downtown and was also the most developed district in Shenyang. Until 2015, it held the seat of the City Government. The old city wall is entirely located in Shenhe District. It has an area of 60 km (23 sq mi) and a registered population of 716,417 (as per 2014). There is the Central Temple ( 中心庙 ; Zhōngxīn Mìao ), built during the Ming dynasty , showing
1575-626: Is also a major city for scientific research and education in Northeast China. As of 2023 , it was listed among the top 125 cities by scientific output in the world, as tracked by the Nature Index . The city is home to several major universities , notably Northeastern University and Liaoning University , listed as prestigious universities in the Double First-Class Construction . Shenyang literally means "the yang side of
1680-592: Is an important industrial center in China, and serves as the transportation and commercial hub of China's northeast—particularly involved in links with Japan, Russia, and Korea. A center of heavy industry in China since the 1930s, and the spearhead of the Chinese central government's Northeast Area Revitalization Plan , the city has been diversifying its industry, including expanding into the service sector . Growing industries include software, automotive and electronics. Shenyang
1785-596: Is built. All the venues are still active and the legacy of the 1992 Games was taken as an example for future Olympic events, such as London 2012 . The 1992 Summer Games were the first since the end of the Cold War , and the first unaffected by boycotts since the 1972 Summer Games . 1992 was also the first year South Africa was re-invited to the Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee, after
1890-546: Is located in the central part of Liaoning province. The western parts of the city's administrative area are located on the alluvial plain of the Liao River system, while the eastern part consists of the hinterlands of the Changbai Mountains , and is covered with forests. The highest point in Shenyang is 414 m (1,358 ft) above sea level and the lowest point only 7 m (23 ft). The average elevation of
1995-401: Is one of the major megalopolises in China , with a population of over 23 million. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan districts of Shenyang, the county-level city of Xinmin , and the counties of Kangping and Faku . Shenyang has been controlled by numerous different states and peoples during its history. In the 14th century, the city came under the control of
2100-477: Is the first Marriott Hotel directly named "Marriott" in mainland China , but due to finance conflicts is not administered by Marriott International ). The major thoroughfare of Youths Avenue ( 青年大街 ; Qīngnián Dà Jiē ), the city's primary north–south arterial road that traverses past the City Government Square ( 市府广场 ; Shìfǔ Guǎngchǎng ) at the modern center of the city linking Beiling Park to
2205-519: Is the largest stretch of vegetated urban open space in Shenyang, contributing significantly to the city's 40-percent " greening ratio", and was instrumental in the city being awarded the "national forest city" title in 2005. According to the Shenyang Environmental Protection Bureau, winter usage of coal by boiler stations for hydronic district heating is the source of 30 percent of the air pollution in Shenyang. Half of
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#17328558695632310-497: Is the most populous district and makes up the western part of the inner city, west of the South Manchurian Railway (hence the district's name) and south of the Jingshen Railway , and is famous for its heavy industry . This mixed-use district also contains large blocks of residential complexes, so as well as strips of small to medium-sized shopping districts. It previously had only an area of 39 km (15 sq mi) and
2415-549: Is the site of the Mukden Palace , just south of the Central Temple. It is also the site of Zhang Zuolin 's former home and headquarters, Shengjing Ancient Cultural Street. In the western Shenhe District there is a Muslim town, and the South Pagoda ( 南塔 ; Nán tǎ ) is located in southern Shenhe District. There are a lot of high-end hotels located in Shenhe District, such as Sheraton , Kempinski , Lexington, Marriott (which
2520-919: The 12th National Games in 2013 . Around 2.5 km (1.6 mi) outside Shenyang's former outer wall, there were four pagodas each located within an associated Tibetan Buddhist temple, namely the East Pagoda in Yongguang Temple ( 永光寺 ), the South Pagoda in Guangci Temple ( 廣慈寺 ), the West Pagoda in Yanshou Temple ( 延壽寺 ) and the North Pagoda in Falun Temple ( 法輪寺 ). They were built in 1643 and completed in 1645. The four pagodas are identical white Buddha- stupas as tall as 26 m (85 ft). Nowadays only
2625-587: The 1936 Summer Olympics that were ultimately held in Berlin , Germany. The 1992 Summer Olympic programme featured 256 events in the following 25 sports: A total of 169 nations sent athletes to compete in the 1992 Summer Games. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union , twelve of the fifteen new states chose to form a Unified Team , while the Baltic States of Estonia and Latvia sent their own teams for
2730-783: The 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville . The 1992 Summer Olympics notably marked Germany competing as a unified team for the first time since 1964 and the first time since 1936 as a single nation following German reunification . South Africa returned to the Games for the first time in 32 years. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was banned due to UN sanctions, but individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to take part as Independent Olympic Participants . Four then-existing National Olympic Committees did not send any athletes to compete: Afghanistan , Brunei , Liberia and Somalia . 9,356 athletes from 169 NOCs The following table reflects
2835-671: The Catalonia region as a whole, including the deadly 1991 Vic bombing . On 10 July 1992, the group offered a two-month truce covering the Olympics in exchange for negotiations, which the Spanish government rejected. However, the Games went ahead successfully without an attack. The celebration of the 1992 Olympic Games had an enormous impact on the urban culture and outward projection of Barcelona. The Games provided billions of dollars for infrastructure investments, which are considered to have improved
2940-717: The Chinese Communist Party controlled the surrounding countryside. By February 1948 the city was suffering from drastic shortages, and by the summer 140,000 refugees per month were fleeing. It was captured by the People's Liberation Army on October 30, 1948, following a series of offensives led by Lin Biao known as the Liaoshen Campaign . Over the past 200 years or so, Shenyang managed to grow and increase its industrial might during consecutive wars with Russia and Japan in
3045-469: The European Economic Community and a workforce of over 300 production and technical staff. A total of 225 hours and 45 minutes was broadcast in analog HD-MAC standard in 1,250 lines and 16:9 aspect ratio , with commentary in five languages –Spanish, English, French, German and Italian– in addition to the non-commentary sound track, of eighteen different sports at seventeen venues, as well as
3150-641: The FIBA Asian Cup 2021 Qualifiers. He was included in China's squad for the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification , and had his debut national match against Japan on 28 November, 2021. Zhang's mother, Wang Fang , played basketball for China at the 1992 Summer Olympics . She won the Women's Chinese Basketball Association (WCBA) title in 2009 while the head coach of the Liaoning Flying Eagles . Wang
3255-770: The General Electric Co. , Tyco International , and Mitsubishi Group operate in the zone. 1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad ( Spanish : Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada , Catalan : Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada ) and officially branded as Barcelona '92 , were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona , Catalonia, Spain. Beginning in 1994,
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3360-649: The Imperial Palace was constructed in 1626, symbolizing the city's emerging status as the Jurchen political center. The palace featured more than 300 ostentatiously decorated rooms and 20 gardens as a symbol of power and grandeur. After the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1644 and the routing of the Shun army in the Battle of Shanhai Pass just a day later, the Manchus successfully entered
3465-670: The International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years. The 1992 Summer and Winter Olympics were the last games to be staged in the same year. These games were the second and last two consecutive Olympic games to be held in Western Europe after the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, held five months earlier. The 1992 Games received universal acclaim, with
3570-742: The International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT), the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI), the Arab States Broadcasting Union (ASBU), the Caribbean Broadcasting Union (CBU) and the Union of African National Television and Radio Organizations (URTNA), secured the rights for their member broadcasters in their countries. In other countries, broadcast networks secured the rights directly or pooled to secure
3675-616: The Jin dynasty (266–420) . The region was in disarray during the fourth century until the Goguryeo occupied both commanderies in 404. Under Goguryeo, the city was called Gaemo. They established the cities of Xuantucheng and Gaimoucheng in the region. The Sui dynasty recaptured the area and established a new Liaodong Commandery in what is now modern Shenyang. In 645, the Tang dynasty invaded Goguryeo and captured Xuantucheng and Gaimoucheng. Soon after, Liaodong
3780-546: The Little Shen River ( 小瀋水 ) or Wuli River ( 五里河 ; 'five- li river'), which was a principal water source for the old city. These are reinforced on the peripheries by smaller rivers such as Xi River ( 细河 ), Puhe River ( 蒲河 ) and Mantang River ( 满堂河 ), and drains into the Hun River at three different locations on the southeast, due south and southwest side of the city. There was also previously another canal on
3885-523: The Ming dynasty (1368–1644), for whom it served as an important military stronghold. The 1621 Battle of Shen-Liao resulted in Shenyang briefly serving as the capital of the Jurchen Later Jin dynasty, the direct predecessor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The 1905 Battle of Mukden took place south of Shenyang as part of the Russo-Japanese War . The subsequent Japanese victory allowed its annexation of
3990-411: The North Canal ) from the north and northeast, and the Weigong River ( 卫工河 , formerly the Weigong Nullah ) from the west, all interconnected by channels as a continuous waterway . The South Canal in particular, famous for the series of linear parks and gardens along it, was canalized from the old course of the Wanquan River ( 萬泉河 ; 'ten thousand springs river'), historically also called
4095-701: The Shanhai Pass to establish the Qing dynasty in China proper . The capital was subsequently relocated from Shenyang to Beijing . However, Shenyang retained considerable importance as the secondary capital and spiritual home of the Qing dynasty through the centuries. Treasures of the royal house were kept at its palaces, and the tombs of the early Qing rulers were once among the most famous monuments in China. In 1657, Fengtian Prefecture ( 奉天府 ; Fèngtiān Fǔ ; Manchu : ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡠ , Möllendorff : abkai imiyangga fu , Abkai : abkai imiyangga fu or Manchu : ᡶᡠᠩ ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨ , Möllendorff : fung tiyian , Abkai : fung tiyian )
4200-404: The Taoxian Airport , separates the southern portion of Shenhe District from the neighbouring southern Heping District. The iconic 305.5 m (1,002 ft) Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower is situated alongside this avenue. Shenhe District is also home to Northeast China's main railway hub , the Shenyang North Railway Station (locally known as the "North Station"). The railways leading to
4305-504: The UNESCO World Heritage Site -listed tombs dedicated to Nurhachi , the founder of Later Jin , and his empress Monggo-Jerjer . The large suburban district is located on the east and southeast side of urban Shenyang, with most of its territory south of the Hun River, hence its current name. It has an area of 734 km (283 sq mi) and a population of 324,074 (2014). The Shenyang municipal government moved to Hunnan District on 13 October 2015. The Shenyang Botanical Garden and
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4410-405: The Xinle culture , a late Neolithic period society over 6800–7200 years old, are located in a museum in the north part of Huanggu District . It is complemented by a recreated village on site. The city now known as Shenyang was first established c. 300 BCE during the Warring States period by Yan general Qin Kai , who conquered the Liaodong region from Gojoseon . It
4515-433: The consulates-general of the United States, Japan. South Korea, North Korea and other countries. Northeast Electricity, China Post , railways, other such industrial hubs and many media outlets such as Liaoning Radio and Television , Shenyang Radio and Television and Shenyang Daily newspaper are also located in this district. The Dadong District ( 大东区 ; 'great east district') is an industrial zone and used to be
4620-426: The "South Station" in contrast to the "North Station" in Shenhe District), the former hub of the South Manchurian Railway . At the center of the district is Zhongshan Square ( 中山广场 ; Zhōngshān Guǎngchǎng ), which features one of China's largest statues of Chairman Mao —a record of the era of the Cultural Revolution . Northwest of Zhongshan Square lies the West Pagoda Korean Neighborhood or Koreatown . Many of
4725-434: The "peripheral gates" ( 邊門 ; Biān Mén ). The corresponding inner and outer gates were linked by roads that intersected within the inner city in a "#" pattern around the Mukden Palace . Nearly all of these city walls and gates were demolished after 1949. Two gates and one corner tower of the inner wall were rebuilt during the 1990s. There had, however, been proposals to rebuild the other gates and towers in preparation to
4830-421: The 16 million metric tons of coal consumed by the city during the winter of 2013–2014 were used for heating. Other major factors include dust from construction sites (20 percent), vehicle exhaust (20 percent), industrial emissions (10 percent) and extraterritorial dust (20 percent, mostly yellow dust from Gobi Desert ). However, air quality was described by the Bureau as "slowly improving". Shenyang has
4935-622: The 2018 class. On 13 April 2018, Zhang played for Team World at the Nike Hoop Summit . Five days later, he committed to play college basketball for Tulane over offers from UCLA , BYU , DePaul and Kansas State , among other NCAA Division I programs. He was rated a three-star recruit by major recruiting services. On 11 November 2018, Zhang made his freshman season debut for Tulane, leading his team with 24 points and seven rebounds in an 80–69 loss to 15th-ranked Florida State . After hyperextending his elbow on 8 December versus South Alabama , he sat out his next game against Texas Southern and
5040-498: The 5 small inner urban districts, surrounded by 4 larger outer suburban districts, and accompanied by 4 rural counties on the north and west sides. In general, agriculture , animal husbandry and agricultural product processing dominate northeastern Shenyang; eastern Shenyang is an automotive parts hub; southern Shenyang is a high-tech industrial base; and western Shenyang is home to heavy machinery manufacturing. The city center specialises in retail and financial services. Out of
5145-401: The Games. The costs for Barcelona 1992 may be compared with those of London 2012 , which cost US$ 15 billion with a cost overrun of 76%, and those of Rio 2016 which cost US$ 4.6 billion with a cost overrun of 51%. The average cost for the Summer Olympics since 1960 is US$ 5.2 billion, with an average cost overrun of 176%. There were two main musical themes for the 1992 Games. The first one
5250-407: The Japanese to produce war goods for the Imperial Army and nationalized after World War II. As late as the early 1980s, the factories here employed about one million workers, but all of them went jobless in the 1990s. The Hunnan District ( 浑南区 ; 'South of Hun River'), was formerly called the Dongling District ( 东陵区 ; ' East Mausoleum district') before June 17, 2014, referring to
5355-448: The Manchu Prince Jian of the First Rank whose tomb was in the area. It has an area of 66 km (25 sq mi) and a population of 817,288 (2014). The district is the site of Beiling park , the large historical mausoleum of Qing dynasty emperor Huang Taiji , as well as the Liaoning Mansion Hotel. It also hosts the seat of the Provincial Government of Liaoning. The Tiexi District ( 铁西区 ; 'railway's west district')
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#17328558695635460-471: The North and East Pagodas, Bawang Temple and the Wanquan Park. The oldest airfield in Shenyang, the now-defunct East Pagoda Airport, is also located in Dadong District. The Huanggu District ( 皇姑区 ; 'royal aunt district') is named after Huanggutun ("tun" means village), where the Huanggutun Incident took place. The name is actually a mis-transliteration of the pronunciation for Fiyanggū ( Manchu : ᡶᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡡ , Chinese: 費揚武 , 1605–1643),
5565-449: The Olympic Village and Olympic Port in Poblenou . New centers were created, and modern sports facilities were built in the Olympic zones of Montjuïc , Diagonal , and Vall d'Hebron ; hotels were also refurbished and new ones built. The construction of ring roads around the city helped to reduce traffic density, and El Prat airport was modernized and expanded with the opening of two new terminals. The Oxford Olympics Study estimates
5670-415: The Organisme de radio télévision olympique '92 (ORTO'92) for the Winter Olympics and the Barcelona Organizing Committee created the Ràdio Televisió Olímpica '92 (RTO'92) for the Summer Olympics. RTO'92 managed the staff and the production and technical resources hired to Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Corporació Catalana de Ràdio i Televisió (CCRTV) and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). With
5775-458: The Shen River" and refers to the location of the Hun River (formerly called the Shen River, 瀋水 ; Shěn Shuǐ ), on the southern side of the city. According to Chinese naming tradition, a river's north bank and a mountain's south slope are angled more towards direct sunlight and thus are considered the "sunny", or "yang", side. Archaeological findings show that humans resided in present-day Shenyang as early as 8000 years ago. The remains of
5880-431: The Shenyang International Expo Garden (which hosted the 2006 International Horticultural Exposition ) are also located in this district. Hunnan District hosts the city's only operational commercial airport, the Taoxian International Airport , and is rapidly becoming high-end residential areas with luxury apartments, fine neighbourhoods and commercial developments, as Hunnan becomes the new center of Shenyang steadily with
5985-486: The Soviet Union Aleksandr Vasilevsky , the Far East Command of the Red Army occupied Manchuria in early August 1945 following the surrender of Japan. On 16 August 1945, Manchurian Emperor Puyi was captured in Shenyang Airport by the Soviets while he was in an airplane fleeing to Japan. On 20 August, Soviet troops captured Shenyang. British and US reports indicate that the Soviet troops that occupied Northeast China and Eastern Inner Mongolia region looted and terrorized
6090-405: The act, then used the false flag explosion as pretext to launch a full attack on Mukden, and captured the city the following morning (September 19). After the Mukden Incident , the Japanese further invaded and occupied the rest of Northeast China, and created the puppet state of Manchukuo with the deposed emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi as the figurehead . During the Manchukuo era (1932–1945),
6195-409: The boulevards in this area are lined of very large ginkgo trees, which become golden in color and produce their distinctive fruits in autumn. Heping District is also the core area for many political institutions in the Northeast, including CPC Liaoning Provincial Committee, headquarters of the Northern Theater Command (previously the Shenyang Military Region ), General Logistics Department and
6300-434: The broadcast. For Japan, NHK also covered the 1992 Summer Olympics in HDTV in their own analog Hi-Vision system. The Basque nationalist group ETA attempted to disrupt the Barcelona Games with terrorist attacks. It was already feared beforehand that ETA would use the Olympics to gain publicity for their cause in front of a worldwide audience. As the time of the Games approached, ETA committed attacks in Barcelona and
6405-399: The center of ancient Shenyang. This temple is located just south of the Middle Street ( 中街 ; Zhōng Jiē ), one of the most famous shopping streets and the first commercial pedestrian zone in China. Shenhe District is also home to the famous Wu'ai Market ( 五爱市场 ; Wǔài Shìchǎng ), the largest light industry wholesale trading center in the entire Bohai Economic Rim . Shenhe District
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#17328558695636510-427: The city at the start of the opening ceremony, seconds before the official countdown. " Amigos Para Siempre " ( Friends for Life ) was the other musical theme and it was official theme song of the 1992 Summer Olympics. It was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Don Black , and sung by Sarah Brightman and José Carreras during the closing ceremonies. Ryuichi Sakamoto composed and conducted some musical pieces at
6615-433: The city changed back to its old name Shenyang, but continued to be known as Mukden (sometimes spelled Moukden) in some English sources and in Japan through much of the first half of the 20th century. The postmark of the Chinese postal administration kept the spelling "MOUKDEN/ 奉天 " for usage on international mails until the late 1920s. After that, a Chinese–Manchurian bilingual type "SHENYANG (MUKDEN)/ 瀋陽 ( 奉天 )" datestamp
6720-506: The city was again called Fengtian (and Mukden in English), and was developed by the Japanese into a center of heavy industry. Japan was able to exploit resources in Manchuria using the extensive network of railroads. For example, vast expanses of Manchurian forest were chopped down. The development of Shenyang was also unbalanced in this period; municipal facilities were mostly located in Japanese residential areas, while Chinese residential areas had poor living conditions. Under Marshal of
6825-452: The city's center in a "+" fashion. This Ming wall was heavily damaged in 1625 when the Manchus laid siege and captured the city, with only the north wall and gate tower (which had undergone reinforcing reconstructions in 1545 under the orders of Jiajing Emperor ) remained intact. The Manchu leader Nurhachi however saw the city's strategic value and decided to formally relocate his Later Jin capital from Liaoyang to Shenyang, and ordered
6930-412: The control of the Ming dynasty , and it was designated a guard town named Shenyang Central Guard ( 瀋陽中衛 ; Shěnyáng Zhōngwèi ). During the Ming dynasty, Shenyang became one of the most important Chinese military strongholds beyond the Shanhai Pass . In 1625, the Jurchen leader Nurhaci captured Shenyang from the Ming and decided to relocate his entire administrative infrastructure to the city, which
7035-469: The direct costs of the Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics to be US$ 9.7 billion (expressed in 2015 U.S. dollars) with a cost overrun of 266%. This includes only sports-related costs, that is: (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, direct transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services; and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by
7140-817: The east side called Huishan Nullah ( 辉山明渠 ) that drains into Xinkai River's lower section, but is now no longer existent due to land reclamation from urban constructions. Shenyang has many parks , among the most famous are the 14.5 km (9.0 mi) South Canal Linear Parks ( 南运河带状公园 ) situated along the homonymous river traversing the southern parts of Dadong, Shenhe and Heping Districts. It comprises 6 large parks and 18 riverside gardens covering an area of approximately 1,400,000 m (350 acres), with exotic variety of vegetations such as rose , apricot , bladder cherry , honeylocust , natal lily , scarlet sage , morning glory and black-eyed-Susan , and extensive greenspaces of peach , pear , crabapples , ginkgos , weeping willows , pines and black locusts . It
7245-437: The famous European club, FC Barcelona . The city was also a host for the 1982 FIFA World Cup . On 17 October 1986, Barcelona was selected to host the 1992 Summer Olympics over Amsterdam , Netherlands (the city also hosted the 1928 games ); Belgrade , Yugoslavia; Birmingham , United Kingdom; Brisbane , Australia; and Paris , France, during the 91st IOC Session in Lausanne , Switzerland . New Delhi , India, had announced
7350-439: The first time since 1936, and Lithuania sent its own team for the first time since 1928. Bosnia-Herzegovina competed for the first time as an independent nation after its separation from Socialist Yugoslavia , and Namibia and the unified team of Yemen (previously North and South Yemen ) also made their Olympic debuts. Croatia and Slovenia made their first Summer Olympic appearance at these games, having participated at
7455-416: The host city and country or private investors to build the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, media and press center, and similar structures required to host the Games. Costs excluded from the study are indirect capital and infrastructure costs, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for
7560-464: The largest of the inner city districts. Its name derives from the fact that the district started off as the residential area immediately outside the old inner city wall's Fujin Gate ( 撫近門 ), which is also called Great East Gate ( 大東門 ). It has an area of 100 km (39 sq mi) and a population of 689,576 (2014). The district contains popular tourist landmarks such as the 9.18 Historical Museum,
7665-674: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Second World War , and China's Civil War (Shenyang became the main battleground between the Communists and Nationalists ). Directed by state efforts to reduce pollution and close unprofitable industry, the city has undergone deindustrialization , with the shutdown of large plants. Most notably, a large 1930s smelter in the central city was closed in 2000. The redevelopment of former polluted industrial land has resulted in gentrification . The old city of Shenyang resided almost entirely within
7770-557: The map. The new Tiexi District now has a population of 907,091 (2014), a total area of 286 km (110 sq mi), and enjoys the same administrative rank as a municipality (Administrative Committee of Shenyang). The district is featured in a 9-hour epic documentary film West of the Tracks by a young filmmaker Wang Bing. It shows the transition in this rust belt district—a palimpsest of not only Chinese but also world history. The first factories of this place were built in 1934 by
7875-509: The modern day Shenhe District , and used to have two city walls . Situated roughly within the area bounded by the four "Shuncheng" ( 顺城 ; 'along the city') roads/streets in Shenhe District, the (now-demolished) square-shaped inner city wall marked the bounds of ancient Shenyang. The earliest wall was built in 926 during early Liao dynasty to settle Northern Song civilians the Khitans abducted from raids to use as slave labourers , and
7980-905: The new government being developed there. The district is traversed by two corridors along two major highways, one leading to the Eastern Mausoleum and the neighbouring city of Fushun , and the other leading to the airport. Launched in 1988 as the Shenyang National New and High-Tech Industrial Development Zone and elevated to a national-level zone in 1991 , the Hunnan New Area ( 浑南新区 ) focuses on electronic and information technology products such as software, computers, network systems, communication equipment and audio/visual equipment; advanced manufacturing technologies, especially for automobiles, medical equipment; advanced materials and biological and pharmaceutical products. Foreign companies such as
8085-481: The newly appointed city commissioner of the Shenyang Central Guard, wrote to Hongwu Emperor immediately upon his tenure requesting permission to upgrade the city wall, and the old wall was made taller and thoroughly reinforced with overlaid bricks. According to History of Ming , the reconstructed Ming-era wall was 2.5 zhàng (8 metres or 26 feet) tall, more than 1 zhàng (3.2 metres or 10.5 feet) wide at
8190-569: The old Ming-era north gate tower was preserved but sealed shut, later known as the "Ninth Gate" ( 九門 ). The outer city wall, called the "peripheral wall" ( 邊牆 ; Biān Qiáng ) or " pass wall" ( 關牆 ; Guān Qiáng ), was actually a rammed earth rampart built in 1680 to expand the urban area outside the inner city. It was almost round in shape, standing at a height of 7.5 chi (around 2.7 metres or 8 feet 10.3 inches) and an overall length of 32 li and 24 bu (about 20.7 kilometres or 12.9 miles), and also had eight towerless gates known as
8295-536: The opening and closing ceremonies. Events from five venues were covered live –80% of the total broadcast time– and other events were recorded for a delayed broadcast. On-screen text and graphics were shown in HDTV for the first time ever. Nearly 700 viewing sites installed throughout Europe, including the fifty HDTV receivers installed in various pavilions at the Seville Universal Exposition , were able to receive
8400-492: The opening ceremony musical score. The Opening Olympic fanfare was composed by Angelo Badalamenti and with orchestrations by Joseph Turrin. The official mascot was Cobi, a Catalan sheepdog in cubist style designed by Javier Mariscal . He was widely featured in merchandising products and starred his own animated television series, The Cobi Troupe . A renewal in Barcelona's image and corporate identity could be seen in
8505-419: The organisation, volunteers, sportsmanship, and Spanish public being lauded in the international media. Some media describe the Barcelona games as one of the best Olympics ever. The Games showed a renewed image of democratic Spain and projected Barcelona and the whole Spain to the world. Thanks to the Games, the city of Barcelona was completely transformed; it is thanks to the Olympics that the Barcelona of today
8610-509: The people of Shenyang, and were not discouraged by Soviet occupation authorities from "three days of rape and pillage". The Soviets were replaced by the Republic of China Army , who were flown in on U.S. transport planes. During the Chinese Civil War , Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold supplied by Claire Lee Chennault 's Civil Air Transport from 1946 to 1948, although
8715-455: The quality of life in the city, and its attraction for investment and tourism. Barcelona became one of the most visited cities in Europe after Paris , London , and Rome . Barcelona's nomination for the 1992 Summer Olympics sparked the implementation of an ambitious plan for urban transformation that had already been developed previously. Barcelona was opened to the sea with the construction of
8820-720: The region west of the old city and the increase of Japanese influence in Shenyang. In 1931, the Mukden incident led to the Japanese invasion and occupation of the rest of Northeast China, and the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo . After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Shenyang remained a stronghold of the Kuomintang until its capture by the Communists in 1948 following the Liaoshen campaign . Together with its surrounding cities, Shenyang
8925-465: The rights. The Games were covered by the following television and radio broadcasters: The 1992 Winter and Summer Olympics were the first in which a comprehensive coverage in high-definition television (HDTV) was attempted. The European HDTV broadcast of the Summer Olympics was managed by the joint venture "Barcelona 1250" created by RTO'92, RTVE, Retevisión and PESA, with the financial support of
9030-528: The rural counties, the Xinmin County was upgraded to a county-level city in 1993, and the Liaozhong County was incorporated into a new suburban district in 2016 as part of the provincial/national development plan . As a result, Shenyang now officially has direct jurisdiction over 10 city districts , 1 satellite city and 2 rural counties : The Shenhe District ( 沈河区 ; 'Shen River district')
9135-429: The station forms the border between Shenhe District and the neighbouring eastern portion of Huanggu District. The station building has recently undergone a major overhaul and extension. The Heping District ( 和平区 ; 'peace district') is located in the downtown of Shenyang, bordered Shenhe District. It is currently the most developed district in Shenyang. It has an area of 59 km (23 sq mi) and
9240-546: The temple for the North Pagoda is well preserved, the East and South has only the pagodas left, and the temple for the West Pagoda was rebuilt in 1998. Both the Temple of Heaven and Temple of Earth were also to be found in the old city during the Qing dynasty . They were smaller replicas of Beijing's counterparts. Neither exists today. Shenyang ranges in latitude from 41° 11' to 43° 02' N and in longitude from 122° 25' to 123° 48' E, and
9345-475: The top ten nations in terms of total medals won at the 1992 Games (the host nation is highlighted). In order to guarantee that the international signal was produced objectively and impartially, for the first time in Olympic history, a host broadcaster was expressly created for each of the 1992 Olympic Games instead of delegating responsibility to a national host broadcaster. The Albertville Organizing Committee created
9450-496: The top, and 9 li and 30 bu (about 5.2 kilometres or 3.2 miles) long. It has two layers of moats dug outside, each being 3 zhàng (9.6 metres or 31.5 feet) wide and 8 chi (2.56 metres or 8 feet 4.8 inches) deep, fed with water from the Little Shen River (the present day South Canal). There were four city gates , each at the center of one side, connected by two main roads that intersected at Central Temple of
9555-565: The urban area is 45 m (148 ft). The city's main urban area is located to the north of Hun River , formerly the largest tributary of the Liao River proper and often locally referred as the city's "mother river". The central urban area is surrounded by three artificial rivers — respectively the South Canal ( 南运河 ) from the south and southeast, the Xinkai River ( 新开河 , formerly
9660-493: The wall to be rebuilt. According to Annals of Mukden ( 盛京通志 ), the new city wall was a standard black brick wall standing at a height of 3.5 zhàng (about 12.5 metres or 41.0 feet), a width of 1.8 zhàng (about 6.4 metres or 21.0 feet) and a total length of 9 li and 332 bu (about 6.4 kilometres or 4.0 miles), complete with 12 towers (8 gates and 4 corners) and a widened 14.5- zhàng (about 52-metre or 171-foot) moat. The city gates were increased from four to eight, though
9765-575: The water, the overhead camera dolly on a track along the canopy of the Olympic Stadium for the 35 metres (115 ft) high zenithal shot of the athletics track, the stabilized optic gyro-zoom cameras, the super slow motion PAL camera and the microcamera on the high jump bar. To cover the Games, major international broadcasting unions such as the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU), the European Broadcasting Union (EBU),
9870-404: Was " Barcelona ", a classical crossover song composed five years earlier by Freddie Mercury and Mike Moran ; Mercury was an admirer of lyric soprano Montserrat Caballé , both recorded the official theme as a duet. Due to Mercury's death eight months earlier, the duo was unable to perform the song together during the opening ceremony. A recording of the song instead played over a travelogue of
9975-516: Was a coach for the Chinese women's team at the 2008 Summer Olympics . Shenyang Shenyang is the capital of Liaoning , China. It is the provincial capital of Liaoning and the province's most populous city with a population of 9,070,093 as of the 2020 census , also making it the largest city in Northeast China by urban population , and the second-largest by metropolitan population behind Harbin . The Shenyang metropolitan area
10080-624: Was administratively reorganized and enjoyed nearly 250 years of stability and development. In 916, the Shenyang region was captured by the Liao dynasty and was known as Shen Prefecture ( 瀋州 ; Shěn Zhōu ) until the end of Jin dynasty (who conquered the region in 1116). The area became known as the Shenyang Circuit ( 瀋陽路 ; Shěnyáng Lù ) during the Yuan dynasty . After the fall of the Yuan, Shenyang came under
10185-628: Was blown up on 4 June 1928 at a Japanese-guarded railway bridge. At the time, several factories were built by Zhang to manufacture ammunition in the northern and eastern suburbs. These factories laid the foundation for Shenyang's industrial development. At around 10:20 pm on 18 September 1931, a small quantity of dynamite was detonated close to a railway line near Mukden owned by the Japanese South Manchuria Railway Company by Kwantung Army Lt. Kawamoto Suemori. The Imperial Japanese Army , accusing Chinese dissidents of
10290-624: Was established in the Shenyang area, and Fengtian was sometimes used synonymously with Shenyang/Mukden. After the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan coerced the annexation of the Liaodong Peninsula with the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, but had to give it up due to diplomatic pressure from the 1895 Triple Intervention . In the aftermath of the Japanese threat, Qing viceroy Li Hongzhang visited Moscow in 1896 and signed
10395-431: Was limited by the injury in many of his following games. On 13 January 2019, Zhang scored a season-high 25 points in an 83–79 loss to Memphis . As a freshman, he averaged 6.5 points and 2.4 rebounds in 22.5 minutes per game. Tulane finished with a 4–27 record, losing all 18 of its conference games, and Zhang was one of two players to return for the following season amid a roster and coaching overhaul. On 4 January 2020, as
10500-464: Was located at the exhibition halls of Fira de Barcelona in Montjuïc. NHK and Panasonic developed the 1/2" DX digital system used to record the Games digitally for the first time. Also new were the underwater camera dolly on a track at the bottom of the swimming pool, the underwater microcameras at the bottom of the water polo pool, the periscope camera capable of transmit shots from below and above
10605-604: Was the largest battle since the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, and also the largest modern-era battle ever fought in Asia before World War II . Following this Japanese victory, Mukden became one of the chief bases of Japanese presence and economic expansion into southern Manchuria . It also became the government seat of Fengtian province in 1910. Mukden became one of the main epicenters of the Manchurian plague (1910—1911), which ultimately resulted in approximately 60,000 deaths. In 1914,
10710-677: Was then called Simiyan hoton ( Manchu : ᠰᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ )in the Manchu language , Simiyan itselt being the Manchu's homophonic translation of the Korean's rendering of the name Shenyang (심양). The official name was changed to Mukden ( Manchu : ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ ), or Shengjing ( 盛京 ; Shèng Jīng ; 'rising capital') in 1634. The new name derives from the Manchu word, mukdembi ( Manchu : ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ ), meaning 'to rise' as reflected also by its Han Chinese name. Under Nurhaci 's orders,
10815-629: Was then made of rammed earth because the city was merely a small settlement at the time (historically the administrative center of the Liaodong region was at Liaoyang ). However, in 1368, Hongwu Emperor of the newly founded Ming dynasty ordered a new regional military command—the Liaodong Regional Military Commission ( 遼東都指揮使司 )—to be established, and Shenyang was made a prominent regional "guard town" ( 衛所 ). In 1388, Min Zhong ( 閔忠 ),
10920-475: Was then named Hou City ( 侯城 ; Hóu Chéng ). Around 350 years later, during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of Han , the city was sacked and burnt by the Donghu nomads and subsequently abandoned. The area of modern Shenyang was divided between two commanderies called Liaodong and Xuantu c. 107 CE . Liaodong was seized by a Han governor in 189. Liaodong and Xuantu were briefly united under Cao Wei and
11025-551: Was used until 1933. In the early 20th century, Shenyang began expanding out of its old city walls. The Shenyang Railway Station on the South Manchurian Railway and the Shenyang North Railway Station on the Jingfeng Railway , both west of the old city, became the new commercial centers of Shenyang. In the 1920s, Mukden was the capital of the warlord Zhang Zuolin , who was later assassinated when his train
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