86-528: Emerson Park is a suburban neighbourhood in the London Borough of Havering , east London. The neighbourhood developed as two large housing estates built on the 550 acres (2.2 km) estate of Nelmes manor in the parish of Hornchurch . Emerson Park estate to the south started construction in 1895 and Great Nelmes estate to the north was begun in 1901. It is located north of the Romford–Upminster line and
172-538: A Simpson's diversity index of 1.10. The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Havering. There are over 7,000 businesses based in Havering. Romford is the main commercial hub of the borough with a small district of mainly office development close to the railway station. There is also some industry to the south between Rainham and the River Thames such as Rainham Steel headquarters on
258-646: A heritage asset legally protected) is called 'designation'. Several different terms are used because the processes use separate legislation: buildings are 'listed'; ancient monuments are 'scheduled', wrecks are 'protected', and battlefields, gardens and parks are 'registered'. A heritage asset is a part of the historic environment that is valued because of its historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest. Only some of these are judged to be important enough to have extra legal protection through designation. Buildings that are not formally listed but still judged as being of heritage interest can still be regarded as
344-436: A material consideration in the planning process. As a very rough guide, listed buildings are structures considered of special architectural and historical importance. Ancient monuments are of 'national importance' containing evidential values, and can on many occasions also relate to below ground or unoccupied sites and buildings. Almost anything can be listed. Buildings and structures of special historic interest come in
430-480: A below average unemployment rate for Greater London, and one of the lowest crime rates. Havering has a significantly higher proportion of residents in white ethnic groups than other outer London boroughs (87.7% – 2011 census ). The Black African population is the most significant minority ethnic group in Havering (3.2%). The Upminster ward of the borough is the third least ethnically diverse in Greater London, with
516-579: A branch line from Upminster to Romford in 1893 which skirted the southern boundary of Nelmes manor. A station, initially called Emerson Park and Great Nelmes Halt , was opened on 1 October 1909. The London, Tilbury and Southend became part of the Midland Railway in 1912. In 1899 the Emerson Park Stores opened and the Chequers Inn was rebuilt. The Emerson Park Stores was converted to a club for
602-645: A building. Listed building consent must be obtained from local authorities before any alteration to a listed structure. There are about 8,500 listed buildings in Northern Ireland, divided into four grades, defined as follows: In Scotland, listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947, and the current legislative basis for listing is the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 . As with other matters regarding planning, conservation
688-650: A car or van, 2.1%. The local newspapers in Havering are The Havering Daily and the Romford Recorder . Bedrock Radio is a charity run community health & Hospital radio station located within the Queen's Hospital in Romford . The first Hospital Radio Service In Havering began broadcasting in 1964 as Harold Wood Radio. Today, Bedrock Radio serves the community by broadcasting online and to Queen's , King George & Goodmayes Hospitals and features information about
774-463: A commitment to sharing the understanding of the historic environment and more openness in the process of designation. In 2008, a draft Heritage Protection Bill was subject to pre-legislative scrutiny before its passage through UK Parliament. The legislation was abandoned despite strong cross-party support, to make room in the parliamentary legislative programme for measures to deal with the credit crunch, though it may be revived in future. The proposal
860-568: A developed night-time economy with one of the highest concentrations of bars and nightclubs anywhere in Greater London outside the West End with public transport radiating into all parts of the borough. Havering London Borough Council applied to the Government to allow a 'super-casino' to be built in the south of the borough, however the application was rejected in May 2006. The M25 motorway forms part of
946-404: A group that is—for example, all the buildings in a square. This is called 'group value'. Sometimes large areas comprising many buildings may not justify listing but receive the looser protection of designation as a conservation area . The specific criteria include: The state of repair of a building is not generally deemed to be a relevant consideration for listing. Additionally: Although
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#17328548536361032-455: A large area of continuous urban sprawl with indistinct boundaries. A 2017 study found that, when comparing low-end rent to low-end earnings, private rented housing in Havering is the most affordable of any London borough. Named neighbourhoods are the developments of Ardleigh Green , Chase Cross , Collier Row , Elm Park , Harold Hill , Rainham . The borough's exurbs with green buffers of farmland or parkland are: The local authority
1118-451: A list of locally listed buildings as separate to the statutory list (and in addition to it). There is no statutory protection of a building or object on the local list but many receive a degree of protection from loss through being in a Conservation Area or through planning policy. Councils hope that owners will recognise the merits of their properties and keep them unaltered if at all possible. Listing began later in Northern Ireland than in
1204-403: A listed building is a criminal offence and owners can be prosecuted. A planning authority can also insist that all work undertaken without consent be reversed at the owner's expense. See also Category:Grade II* listed buildings for examples of such buildings across England and Wales. See also Category:Grade II listed buildings for examples of such buildings across England and Wales. It
1290-674: A listed structure. Applications for consent are made on a form obtained from Historic Environment Scotland. After consulting the local planning authority, the owner, where possible, and an independent third party, Historic Environment Scotland makes a recommendation on behalf of the Scottish Ministers. The scheme for classifying buildings is: There are about 47,400 listed buildings in Scotland. Of these, around 8 percent (some 3,800) are Category A, 50 percent are Category B, and 42 percent are listed at Category C. Although
1376-504: A low percentage of housing in any single council ward; six of the 30 electoral wards with fewer than 2% social housing are in the borough: Hylands, Mawneys, Pettits, Hacton and the two wards forming Upminster , Cranham and Upminster Ward. Plans to extend existing developments in much of the borough are blocked as open land is protected as part of the Metropolitan Green Belt . In contrast, the southern part of Havering adjacent to
1462-506: A new Hornchurch and Upminster constituency and Rainham became part of the new cross-borough Dagenham and Rainham constituency. In 2011, the borough had a population of 237,232 over 43 square miles (111.4 km ). Havering has a lower population density than other London Boroughs as large areas are parkland and 23 square miles (60 km ) (more than half the borough) is Metropolitan Green Belt protected land. Those areas of development are extensive but rarely intensive. It has, at 4.5%,
1548-545: A non-statutory basis. Although a limited number of 'ancient monuments' were given protection under the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 , there was reluctance to restrict the owners of occupied buildings in their actions related to their property. The extensive damage to buildings caused by German bombing during World War II prompted efforts to list and protect buildings that were deemed to be of particular architectural merit. Three hundred members of
1634-538: A population of 259,552 inhabitants; the principal town is Romford , while other communities include Hornchurch , Upminster , Collier Row and Rainham . The borough is mainly suburban, with large areas of protected open space . Romford is a major retail and night time entertainment centre, and to the south the borough extends into the London Riverside redevelopment area of the Thames Gateway . The name Havering
1720-504: A preservation order by the Greater London Council as part of the incoming Civic Amenities Act 1967 . The land was used for The Witherings neo-Georgian style housing development. Part of the moat appears to have been retained. Capel Nelmes, a 16th century outbuilding, survived and was grade II listed in 1972. The 17th century conduit house which provided water to Nelmes also survives and was grade II listed in 1974. Emerson Park
1806-468: A process of reform, including a review of the criteria used for listing buildings. A Review of Heritage Policy in 2006 was criticised, and the Government began a process of consultation on changes to Planning Policy Guidance 15 , relating to the principles of selection for listing buildings in England. The government's White Paper "Heritage Protection for the 21st Century", published on 8 March 2007, offered
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#17328548536361892-511: A provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947 covering England and Wales, and the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947 covering Scotland. Listing was first introduced into Northern Ireland under the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1972. The listing process has since developed slightly differently in each part of the UK. The process of protecting the built historic environment (i.e. getting
1978-539: A single document, the National Planning Policy Framework . A consultation draft of this was published on 25 July 2011 and the final version on 27 March 2012. This became a material consideration in planning matters on publication. It has since been revised in 2018, 2019 and 2021. The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission in England and Cadw in Wales list buildings under three grades, with Grade I being
2064-550: A station opened at Emerson Park in 1909. The mansion of Nelmes survived until it was demolished in 1967 to avoid preservation by the Civic Amenities Act and was replaced with a small housing estate called The Witherings. Emerson Park is located 15 miles (24.1 km) northeast of Charing Cross in Central London. Emerson Park is named after Emerson, the eldest son of William Carter of Parkstone, Dorset who bought land in
2150-607: A wide variety of forms and types, ranging from telephone boxes and road signs, to castles. Historic England has created twenty broad categories of structures, and published selection guides for each one to aid with assessing buildings and structures. These include historical overviews and describe the special considerations for listing each category. However, in 2020, the Supreme Court ruled in Dill v Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government and another that buildings in
2236-508: Is Havering Council, based at Havering Town Hall (formerly Romford Town Hall) in Romford. Havering elects 55 councillors from 20 wards: For elections to the Greater London Council , the borough formed the Havering electoral division, electing three members. In 1973 it was divided into the single-member Hornchurch , Romford and Upminster electoral divisions. The Greater London Council
2322-762: Is a power devolved to the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Government . The authority for listing rests with Historic Environment Scotland (formerly Historic Scotland ), an executive agency of the Scottish Government, which inherited this role from the Scottish Development Department in 1991. The listing system is administered by Historic Environment Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Ministers. Listed building consent must be obtained from local authorities before any alteration to
2408-562: Is a reference to the Royal Liberty of Havering which occupied the area for several centuries. The local authority is Havering London Borough Council . It is the easternmost London borough. The neighbouring districts (clockwise from south) are the London boroughs of Bexley (across the River Thames ), Barking and Dagenham and Redbridge , the Essex districts of Epping Forest and Brentwood , and
2494-532: Is a ward for elections to Havering London Borough Council . The wards were redrawn for the 2022 election and since then two councillors are elected. Emerson Park is part of the Hornchurch and Upminster Parliamentary constituency and the Havering and Redbridge London Assembly constituency. Emerson Park is located approximately 0.6 miles (1.0 km) northeast of Hornchurch town centre and 15 miles (24.1 km) northeast of Charing Cross in Central London. It
2580-577: Is also located in Romford with several interconnected or neighbouring shopping arcades including the Liberty Shopping Centre , the Mercury Mall , and the Brewery . Romford Market is located to the north of Romford and is the largest market within the borough and in the surrounding area. Hornchurch and Upminster are the other main retail centres with extensive high street shopping areas. Romford has
2666-441: Is not unusual for historic sites, particularly large sites, to contain buildings with multiple, sometimes varying, designations. For example, Derwent Valley Mills , a World Heritage Site contains 838 listed buildings, made up of 16 listed at Grade I, 42 at Grade II* and 780 at Grade II. A further nine structures are Scheduled monuments . Many councils, for example, Birmingham City Council and Crawley Borough Council , maintain
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2752-601: Is part of the RM11 postcode district in the Hornchurch post town . The Emerson Park electoral ward revision in 2022 more closely approximates the neighbourhood, by removing land north of the A127 Southend Arterial Road and west of The Ravensbourne. Emerson Park railway station is on Romford–Upminster line with a half-hourly London Overground service. The short branch line provides links to Romford for connection to
2838-542: Is possible but is rare. One example is Anmer Hall in Norfolk, which was listed in 1984 and de-listed in 1988. In an emergency, the local planning authority can serve a temporary " Building Preservation Notice " (BPN), if a building is in danger of demolition or alteration in such a way that might affect its historic character. This remains in force for six months until the Secretary of State decides whether or not to formally list
2924-448: Is provided for some buildings in current use for worship, but only in cases where the relevant religious organisation operates its own equivalent permissions procedure. Owners of listed buildings are, in some circumstances, compelled to repair and maintain them and can face criminal prosecution if they fail to do so or if they perform unauthorised alterations. When alterations are permitted, or when listed buildings are repaired or maintained,
3010-534: The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) to deliver the government policy on the protection to historic buildings and other heritage assets. The decision about whether or not to list a building is made by the Secretary of State, although the process is administered in England by Historic England . The listed building system in Wales formerly also operated under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, as in England, until this
3096-742: The Elizabeth line and Great Eastern Main Line and to Upminster for connection to the District line of the London Underground and the London, Tilbury and Southend line . Emerson Park is served by London Buses routes 193, 256 and 370. London Borough of Havering The London Borough of Havering ( / ˈ h eɪ v ər ɪ ŋ / ) in East London , England, forms part of Outer London . It has
3182-447: The GEML , and Greater Anglia operate non-stop services running straight through these stations. There is also a branch line from Romford to Upminster which is currently operated by London Overground . There are proposals for transport improvements in the south of the borough where the population is expected to rise. In May 2015, stopping services operated by Abellio Greater Anglia at
3268-601: The London Underground runs roughly east–west through the middle of the borough and there is an extensive network of London Bus routes, linking all districts to Romford and other places beyond the borough. The London, Tilbury and Southend line (operated by c2c ) passes through the borough in two places and the Great Eastern Main Line passes through the north of the borough serving Romford , Gidea Park and Harold Wood. Elizabeth line runs stopping services via
3354-512: The New Policy Institute found that 52% of adults in Havering lack Level 3 Qualifications (A Level equivalent) – the worst level of any London borough. 44% of 19 year olds in Havering also lacked these qualifications – the second worst level in the capital. The Borough of Havering is serviced by The Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust. Provisions of Accident and Emergency from Queens Hospital, Romford. During
3440-672: The Royal Institute of British Architects and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings were dispatched to prepare the list under the supervision of the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments, with funding from the Treasury. The listings were used as a means to determine whether a particular building should be rebuilt if it was damaged by bombing, with varying degrees of success. In Scotland,
3526-593: The unitary authority of Thurrock . Modern settlement originated in Anglo-Saxon times when it consisted of Havering Palace and the surrounding lands that belonged to the king. The palace itself is known to have existed since at least the reign of Edward the Confessor when it was one of his primary residences. The area formed a liberty from 1465 which included the parishes of Havering-atte-Bower, Hornchurch and Romford. The name Havering appears in documents from around
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3612-605: The 12th century. The origins of this name have been debated by historians since the Middle Ages when it was linked to the legend of Edward the Confessor and a mystical ring returned to him by Saint John the Apostle . This event has been commemorated in stained glass (from about 1407) in a chapel at Romford dedicated to the king. London Underground and fast rail services to central London resulted in considerable residential land use mixed with designated parklands and farmland under
3698-450: The 1620s. The manor was held by the Naunton family and then sold to the postal administrator Thomas Witherings around 1646. The Nelmes mansion and about three acres of grounds, sandwiched between the two housing estates, were sold in 1903 to Alfred Barber. He sold it in 1925 to John H. Platford and it was inherited by Roy Platford in 1966. The house was demolished by Platford in 1967 to avoid
3784-558: The 2008 draft legislation was abandoned, Historic England (then part of English Heritage) published a single list of all designated heritage assets within England in 2011. The National Heritage List for England is an online searchable database which includes 400,000 English Listings, this includes individual listed buildings, groups of multiple listed buildings which share the same listing, scheduled monuments, registered parks and gardens, protected historic wrecks and registered battlefields and World Heritage Sites in one place. The 400,000 in
3870-508: The 2019/2020 financial year Queens hospital received 309,551 patients into the A&;E department. 51°33′N 00°13′E / 51.550°N 0.217°E / 51.550; 0.217 Listed building In the United Kingdom , a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of
3956-742: The DCLG published Planning Policy Statement 5 , "Planning for the Historic Environment". This replaced PPG15 and set out the government's national policies on the conservation of the historic environment in England. PPS5 was supported by a Practice Guide, endorsed by the DCLG, the DCMS, and English Heritage, which explained how to apply the policies stated in PPS5. In December 2010, the Department for Communities and Local Government announced that in England all PPSs and Planning Policy Guidance Notes would be replaced by
4042-539: The Emerson Park Estate were constructed by Homesteads Limited. The houses were large, detached and typically situated on plots of an acre. There was some variety in the houses and the original sales prices ranged from £300 to £1,000. In 1901 the northern portion of Nelmes manor, comprising 241 acres (0.98 km), was sold for the Great Nelmes Estate. Louis Sinclair , the local MP, was listed as tenant of
4128-503: The Emerson Park estate to the west and semi-detached properties at the higher density to the east. Nelmes manor house was built by in 1540 by William Roche , who was Lord Mayor of London. Roche had purchased two manors in Havering that had been held separately, Gobions in Romford and Nelmes in Hornchurch. Nelmes was held by the Roche family and then sold to the politician Robert Naunton in
4214-645: The Firestone demolition, the Secretary of State for the Environment , Michael Heseltine , also initiated a complete re-survey of buildings to ensure that everything that merited preservation was on the lists. In England, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) works with Historic England (an agency of the DCMS), and other government departments, e.g. Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) and
4300-511: The Government's Heritage Protection Reform (HPR) report in July 2003 by the DCMS, entitled "Protecting our historic environment: Making the system work better", asked questions about how the current designation systems could be improved. The HPR decision report "Review of Heritage Protection: The Way Forward", a green paper published in June 2004 by the DCMS, committed the UK government and English Heritage to
4386-528: The Hornchurch Liberal association, with an official opening on 16 June 1910. In 1894 the Nelmes estate, in the parish of Hornchurch, is listed as comprising two houses, three farms, market gardens and other land, totalling 550 acres (2.2 km). In 1895 the southern part of Nelmes manor, comprising 200 acres (0.81 km), was sold by Benjamin H Newman to William Carter. In the next ten years 200 homes of
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#17328548536364472-470: The Hospitals and NHS services, promotes charitable and community organisations and has an extensive local events guide featuring community non-profit events. Time 107.5 FM is the commercial radio station broadcasting to Havering and surrounding areas and features local news. The London Borough of Havering has several sporting clubs: Havering is twinned with: The Borough is the education authority for
4558-545: The Planning and Development Act 2000, although the statutory term in Ireland is " protected structure ". A listed building may not be demolished, extended, or altered without permission from the local planning authority, which typically consults the relevant central government agency. In England and Wales , a national amenity society must be notified of any work to be done on a listed building which involves any element of demolition. Exemption from secular listed building control
4644-475: The Thames is within the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area. New open spaces and large scale house building to provide an entirely new residential community is planned. The most built-up areas are the traditional garden suburb districts of Hornchurch , Emerson Park , Gidea Park , Harold Wood , Romford and Upminster . These places have developed over the last hundred years to form
4730-692: The UK's architectural heritage; England alone has 14,500 listed places of worship (4,000 Grade I, 4,500 Grade II* and 6,000 Grade II) and 45% of all Grade I listed buildings are places of worship. Some of the listed churches are no longer in use; between 1969 and 2010, some 1,795 churches were closed by the Church of England , equalling roughly 11% of the stock, with about a third listed as Grade I or Grade II. The criteria for listing include architectural interest, historic interest and close historical associations with significant people or events. Buildings not individually noteworthy may still be listed if they form part of
4816-536: The architectural and historic interest. The Secretary of State, who may seek additional advice from others, then decides whether to list or delist the building. In England, the authority for listing is granted to the Secretary of State by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 . Listed buildings in danger of decay are listed on the Historic England 'Heritage at Risk' Register . In 1980, there
4902-492: The area for property development in 1895. Prior to suburban housebuilding, it was the manor of Nelmes which was recorded as Elmes in 1333. The railway came to the parish of Hornchurch with the Great Eastern Railway opening a station at Harold Wood in 1868 and the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway at Hornchurch in 1885. Both were some distance from the village of Hornchurch. The London, Tilbury and Southend built
4988-592: The borough boundary to the east with North Ockendon the only settlement to fall outside. The A12 (near Romford ) and the A13 (near Rainham ) are the main trunk radial routes from central London and are located to the north and south of the borough respectively. The A127 trunk route to Southend begins at Gallows Corner ; which also forms the eastern end of the A118 local artery from Stratford. The A124 local artery from Canning Town terminates at Upminster. The District line of
5074-535: The boundary of Elm Park. Light industry elsewhere in the borough has been in decline, with major employers such as the former Star Brewery now closed down. New industrial development is encouraged in the south of the borough has been encouraged by the London Development Agency (now GLA Land and Property ), with the opening of the Centre for Engineering and Manufacturing Excellence . The main retail district
5160-413: The building of the railway lines through Havering from Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street in the late 19th century. In the 1930s the District Line was electrified and extended to Upminster with new stations at Elm Park and Upminster Bridge . Also at this time new industries near the area such as the Ford Motor Company plant at Dagenham caused a new wave of mostly working class developments along
5246-450: The building. Until the passing of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 an application for a Certificate of Immunity from Listing (CoI) could only be made if planning permission was being sought or had been obtained in England. However, the changes brought about by the Act means that now anyone can ask the Secretary of State to issue a Certificate of Immunity in respect of a particular building at any time. In England and Wales,
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#17328548536365332-407: The decision to list a building may be made on the basis of the architectural or historic interest of one small part of the building, the listing protection nevertheless applies to the whole building. Listing applies not just to the exterior fabric of the building itself, but also to the interior, fixtures, fittings, and objects within the curtilage of the building even if they are not fixed. De-listing
5418-566: The district providing education in a mix of foundation , community and voluntary aided schools. There are also a number of academies . Havering Adult College provides part-time day, evening and weekend adult education (19+) from sites throughout the borough. Havering Sixth Form College provides sixth form education for pupils of borough schools as well as those who are resident in the borough. Havering College of Further and Higher Education provides part-time and full-time education to students aged 14+. A 2017 study by Trust for London and
5504-445: The four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England , Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland , Cadw in Wales , and the Historic Environment Division of the Department for Communities in Northern Ireland . The classification schemes differ between England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland (see sections below). The term has also been used in the Republic of Ireland , where buildings are protected under
5590-602: The highest grade, as follows: There was formerly a non-statutory Grade III , which was abolished in 1970. Additionally, Grades A, B and C were used mainly for Anglican churches in active use, loosely corresponding to Grades I, II and III. These grades were used mainly before 1977, although a few buildings are still listed using these grades. In 2010, listed buildings accounted for about 2% of English building stock. In March 2010, there were about 374,000 list entries, of which 92% were Grade II, 5.5% were Grade II* and 2.5% were Grade I. Places of worship are an important part of
5676-410: The listing should not be confused with the actual number of listed buildings, which will be much larger than the listing, because a listing can include more than one building that share the same listing number. The legislative frameworks for each type of historic asset remains unchanged. A photographic library of English listed buildings was started in 1999 as a snapshot of buildings listed at the turn of
5762-480: The management of listed buildings is the responsibility of local planning authorities and the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (i.e., not DCMS, which originally listed the building). There is a general principle that listed buildings are put to 'appropriate and viable use' and recognition that this may involve the re-use and modification of the building. However, listed buildings cannot be modified without first obtaining Listed Building Consent through
5848-457: The mansion. The estates were subject to restrictive covenants which prevented an increased density of housing. In 1930 a development of 76 homes on the Wych Elm Farm was proposed which would have a density of nine semi-detached homes per acre and would be sold at £1,000 per pair. This was opposed by residents of the Emerson Park and Great Nelmes estates. The arbitration of the case resulted in detached properties of six per acre sold at £650 facing
5934-558: The owners are often required to use specific materials or techniques. Although most sites appearing on the lists are buildings, other structures such as bridges, monuments, sculptures, war memorials, milestones and mileposts , and the Abbey Road zebra crossing made famous by the Beatles , are also listed. Ancient, military, and uninhabited structures, such as Stonehenge , are sometimes instead classified as scheduled monuments and are protected by separate legislation. Cultural landscapes such as parks and gardens are currently "listed" on
6020-417: The planning policy of the predecessor local authorities and current authority during the 20th century and into the early 21st century. The development of the borough came in two distinct phases. The first middle class suburban developments were built in the late Victorian and Edwardian period. The garden suburbs of Upminster, Emerson Park and Gidea Park (also known as Romford Garden Suburb) were spurred on by
6106-401: The process slightly predated the war with the Marquess of Bute (in his connections to the National Trust for Scotland ) commissioning the architect Ian Lindsay in September 1936 to survey 103 towns and villages based on an Amsterdam model using three categories (A, B and C). The basis of the current more comprehensive listing process was developed from the wartime system. It was enacted by
6192-531: The relevant local planning authority. In Wales, applications are made using a form obtained from the relevant local authority. There is no provision for consent to be granted in outline. When a local authority is disposed to grant listed building consent, it must first notify the Welsh Parliament ( i.e. Cadw ) of the application. If the planning authority decides to refuse consent, it may do so without any reference to Cadw. Carrying out unauthorised works to
6278-623: The responsibility for the listing process rests with the Historic Environment Division of the Department for Communities , which took over the built heritage functions of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (formerly the Environment and Heritage Service) following the break up of the Department of the Environment. Following the introduction of listing, an initial survey of Northern Ireland's building stock
6364-561: The rest of the UK: the first provision for listing was contained in the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1972; and the current legislative basis for listing is the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1991. Under Article 42 of the Order, the relevant Department of the Northern Ireland Executive is required to compile lists of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest". Since 2016,
6450-517: The route of the new Underground line. In addition to this, to the north of the borough, the large housing estates of Harold Hill and Collier Row were constructed to deal with the chronic housing shortages and early slum clearance programmes in central London. The borough was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , covering the combined area of the former Municipal Borough of Romford and Hornchurch Urban District . The area
6536-451: The scheme must meet certain criteria – "a three-fold test which involved considering size, permanence and degree of physical attachment" – referred to as the Skerritts test in reference to a previous legal case in England. Both Historic Environment Scotland and Cadw produce guidance for owners. In England, to have a building considered for listing or delisting, the process is to apply to
6622-413: The secretary of state; this can be done by submitting an application form online to Historic England . The applicant does not need to be the owner of the building to apply for it to be listed. Full information including application form guidance notes are on the Historic England website. Historic England assesses buildings put forward for listing or delisting and provides advice to the Secretary of State on
6708-570: The time, were replaced by Transport for London 's new railway service, TfL Rail . These services ran new Class 345 trains, and occasionally some older Class 315 services. In May 2022, TfL Rail was rebranded as Elizabeth line , and all Class 315 trains were scrapped. In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: driving a car or van, 31.8% of all residents aged 16–74; train, 11.9%; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 6.3%; bus, minibus or coach, 5.1%; on foot, 4.1%; work mainly at or from home, 2.4%; passenger in
6794-479: Was abolished in 1986. Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the Havering and Redbridge constituency. Until 2010 the borough was split between the parliamentary constituencies of Hornchurch , Romford and Upminster with the three constituencies entirely within the borough. At the 2010 United Kingdom general election , the boundaries of these constituencies changed to
6880-564: Was begun in 1974. By the time of the completion of this First Survey in 1994, the listing process had developed considerably, and it was therefore decided to embark upon a Second Survey, which is still ongoing, to update and cross-check the original information. Information gathered during this survey, relating to both listed and unlisted buildings, is entered into the publicly accessible Northern Ireland Buildings Database. A range of listing criteria, which aim to define architectural and historic interest, are used to determine whether or not to list
6966-404: Was enlarged in 1934 to take in the parishes of Cranham , Great Warley , Rainham , Upminster and Wennington . The new borough was named after the former Royal Liberty of Havering , which had covered a similar area. This pattern of the 'garden suburb' with inter- and post-war private housing developments occurred widely across the borough, with small estates of social housing representing
7052-486: Was public outcry at the sudden destruction of the art deco Firestone Tyre Factory ( Wallis, Gilbert and Partners , 1928–29). It was demolished over the August bank holiday weekend by its owners Trafalgar House , who had been told that it was likely to be 'spot-listed' a few days later. In response, the government undertook to review arrangements for listing buildings in order to protect worthy ones from such demolition. After
7138-500: Was replaced in 2024 with Wales-specific heritage legislation. In Wales, the authority for listing is granted to the Welsh Ministers by section 76 of the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2023, although the listing system is in practice administered by Cadw . There have been several attempts to simplify the heritage planning process for listed buildings in England. As of 2021, few changes had been implemented. The review process
7224-557: Was started in February 2000 by Alan Howarth , then minister at the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). The outcome was the paper "Power of Place" in December 2000, followed by the subsequent policy document "The Historic Environment: A Force for Our Future", published by the DCMS and the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DTLR) in December 2001. The launch of
7310-692: Was that the existing registers of buildings, parks and gardens, archaeology and battlefields, maritime wrecks, and World Heritage Sites be merged into a single online register that will "explain what is special and why". English Heritage would become directly responsible for identifying historic assets in England and there would be wider consultation with the public and asset owners, and new rights of appeal. There would have been streamlined systems for granting consent for work on historic assets. After several years of consultation with heritage groups, charities, local planning authorities, and English Heritage, in March 2010,
7396-434: Was transferred from Essex to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs. Romford had been a local board district from 1851. It was converted into an urban district in 1894, was enlarged in 1934 to take in the neighbouring parishes of Havering-atte-Bower and Noak Hill , and was incorporated to become a municipal borough in 1937. The parish of Hornchurch had been made an urban district in 1926, which
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