96-501: Bokaro district is one of the most industrialized zones in India. It is one of the twenty-four districts of the Jharkhand state, India . It was established in 1991 by carving out one subdivision consisting of two blocks from Dhanbad district and six blocks from Giridih district . It is the part of State Capital Region (SCR). Bokaro is one of the most industrial district in Jharkhand . It
192-619: A boycott of election while Jharkhand Mukti Morcha opposed this. The Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council bill passed in Bihar's legislative assembly in December 1994. The Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council were given responsibility for forty areas including agriculture, rural health, public work, public health and minerals. The council has power to recommend legislation to the Assembly through the state government and to frame bylaws and regulations. In 1998, when
288-508: A daily average basis.' Both open cast mining and underground mining operations are carried out and drilling / pumping is undertaken for extracting liquid or gaseous fuels. The country produces and works with roughly 100 minerals, which are an important source for earning foreign exchange as well as satisfying domestic needs. India also exports iron ore , titanium , manganese , bauxite , granite , and imports cobalt , mercury , graphite etc. Unless controlled by other departments of
384-649: A football match on the Hindu festival of Holi . His widow, Suman Mahato , the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha candidate, won the Jamshedpur Lok Sabha by-election in September 2007 and served in parliament until 2009. Jharkhand is located in the eastern part of India and is enclosed by West Bengal to the eastern side, Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh to the western side, Bihar to the northern part and Odisha to
480-601: A lot to the society through these projects, such as creating ponds, donating books and equipment to the schools. However, MFG was unwilling to give further support to maintain their results. On the other hand, farmers preferred to receive money from mining companies, whereas mining companies wanted to provide technical assistance. In 2010, Shah Commission visited Goa, and soon they found several important facts that existed in Goa's mining industry. Some mining companies continued mining even if their leases were expired, some were mining outside
576-459: A mining hub, on its way to becoming another steel hub of India. Companies such as Lloyd's Metal and Energy Limited, with mines operated by Thriveni Earthmovers, have been successful in navigating internal conflict to start mining operations in the region since 2021. They have also received a government push, which aims to establish the region as the steel hub of India by 2030. The Maharashtra government has been working on improving infrastructure in
672-479: A protest march. Thousands of supporters of a separate state took to the streets led by Shahdeo. He was arrested and detained in a police station for hours along with many supporters. In 1999 the Bharatiya Janata party promised to form a separate Vanachal state if they won the state election with a majority of votes. After the last Assembly election in the state resulted in a hung assembly, RJD 's dependence on
768-733: A result of the Anglo-Maratha Wars and became known as Chota Nagpur Tributary States . Subjugation, colonisation and imposition of taxes by the British East India Company resulted in spontaneous resistance from the local people. Chuar Rebellion , the first revolt against the British East India Company led by Jagannath Singh Patar in 1767 with the Bhumij tribals. The Bhumijes again revolted in 1769–71, led by their Sardar Ghatwals in Dhalbhum. In 1769, Raghunath Mahato also revolted against
864-454: A strong mining industry. It exports about 30 million tonnes of iron ore annually. In the early 21 century, the demand of iron ore from China increased in a dramatic speed, accordingly, the export of iron ore from Goa increased. Meanwhile, Indian government loosened the regulation on iron ore trading. These aspects, along with other factors like spot contract , resulted in the doubled export of iron ore between 2005 and 2010. In order to maintain
960-407: A substantial drop in mining-related accidents. The accidents in mining are caused both by man-made and natural phenomenon, for example, explosions and flooding. The main causes for incidents resulting in serious injury or death are roof fall, methane gas explosion, coal dust explosion, carbon monoxide poisoning, vehicular accidents, falling/slipping and hauling related incidents. In recent decades,
1056-748: Is 947 females to 1,000 males. The literacy rate of the state was 67.63% with Ranchi district being most educated at 77.13% compared to rural Pakur district being least at 50.17%. In social demographics, Jharkhand's Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes populations are 3,985,644 (12.08%) and 8,646,189 (26.21%), respectively. Nationally, they rank 14th and 6th, comprising 1.98% and 8.29% of the total population within these social groups. They are predominantly concentrated in south-western district Simdega (78.23%), Khunti (77.77%), Gumla (72.11%), Paschim Singhbhum (71.1%), Latehar (66.85%), and in Lohardaga district (60.21%). Languages of Jharkhand (2011) Jharkhand
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#17328489044741152-675: Is a hierarchy of officials drawn from the Indian Administrative Service , Indian Police Service , Indian Forest Service and different wings of the state civil services. The judiciary is headed by the chief justice . Jharkhand has a High Court which has been functioning since 2000. All the branches of the government are located in the state capital, Ranchi. The state was formed with 18 districts that were formerly part of south Bihar. Some of these districts were reorganised to form 6 new districts, namely, Latehar, Saraikela Kharsawan, Jamtara, Pakur, Khunti and Ramgarh. At present,
1248-470: Is abode to hundreds of species of flora and fauna, as indicated within brackets: mammals (39), snakes (8), lizards (4), fish (6), insects (21), birds (170), seed bearing plants and trees (97), shrubs and herbs (46), climbers, parasites and semi-parasites (25), and grasses and bamboos (17). According to the 2011 Indian Census , Jharkhand has a population of 32.96 million, consisting of 16.93 million males and 16.03 million females. The sex ratio
1344-551: Is also home to the first explosive factory in India which is located in Gomia . Sudha Dairy has a manufacturing unit here in Bokaro Steel City 's Sector 12. According to the 2011 census , Bokaro district has a population of 2,062,330, This gives it a ranking of 222nd in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 716 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,850/sq mi). Its population growth rate over
1440-525: Is an environmental problem in India. Environmentalists have raised public awareness of illegal sand mining in the states of Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Goa . Conservation and environmental NGO Awaaz Foundation filed a public interest litigation in the Bombay High Court seeking a ban on mining activities along the Konkan coast . Awaaz Foundation, in partnership with
1536-411: Is due to the fact that the state harbours an abundance of natural resources, while its people live in abject poverty and destitution. The impoverished state provides ample recruits for communist insurgents, who argue that they are fighting on behalf of the landless poor and tribals that see few benefits from the resource extractions. As the federal government holds a monopoly on sub-surface resources in
1632-515: Is home to the Asia's largest steel plant. It is the hub of economic activity in East India. It is home to many companies such as SAIL , Vedanta Limited , Dalmia Cement Bharat Limited , Jaypee Cement (Bokaro Jaypee Cement Limited) , ONGC and Orica . It has many thermal power station such as Chandrapura DVC Thermal Power Station, Tenughat DVC Thermal Power Station and Bokaro Thermal Power Station etc. It
1728-625: Is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham , Parasnath , Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites. Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities as of 2011. Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a resource curse : it accounts for more than 4% of India's mineral production but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished. The word " Jhar " means 'forest' and " Khand " means 'land' in various Indo-Aryan languages . Thus "Jharkhand" means forest land . In
1824-841: Is linguistically diverse, with speakers of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and Austroasiatic languages. Hindi is the official language and is spoken as the link language by the people of the state, although different regional languages exist. Some of which, including Nagpuri , Khortha , Kurmali , Magahi and Bhojpuri are categorised as 'Hindi languages' in the Indian census 2011. Jharkhand has accorded additional official language status to Angika , Bengali , Bhojpuri , Bhumij , Ho , Kharia , Kurukh , Khortha , Kurmali , Magahi , Maithili , Mundari , Nagpuri , Odia , Santali and Urdu . Religion in Jharkhand (2011) The other religions and persuasions mostly consists of adherents of Sarnaism . As per
1920-451: Is noted for significantly contributing to the economy of the nation. However, the mining in India is also infamous for human rights violations and environmental pollution . The industry has been hit by several high-profile mining scandals in recent times. The tradition of mining in the region is ancient and underwent modernization alongside the rest of the world as India has gained independence in 1947. The economic reforms of 1991 and
2016-548: Is the leading producer of mineral wealth in the country after Chhattisgarh state, endowed as it is with a vast variety of minerals like iron ore, coal, copper ore, mica, bauxite, graphite, limestone, and uranium. Jharkhand is also known for its vast forest resources. Jharkhand has been at the centre of the Naxalite-Maoist insurgency . Since the uprising of the Naxalites in 1967, 6,000 people have been killed in fighting between
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#17328489044742112-522: Is the main Central legislation in force for the sector. The Act was enacted when the Industrial Policy Resolution 1957 was the guiding policy for the sector, and thus was aimed primarily at providing a mineral concession regime in the context of the metal making public sector undertakings. After the liberalization in 1991, a separate National Mineral Policy was promulgated in 1993 which set out
2208-412: Is to implement their social responsibility by helping communities and residents near the mining area in various ways. Their most common take was to invest in social and environmental projects, such as environmental sustainability, healthcare and educational support. For instance, MFG totally invested Rs. 10 crores in environmental sustainability project between 2000 and 2010. In some ways, they contributed
2304-625: The Production of Selected Minerals Ministry of Mines, Government of India is given in the table below: The net exports selected of minerals in 2004-05 as per the Exports of Ores and Minerals Ministry of Mines, Government of India is given in the table below: India is not a signatory to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative [EITI]. But, on national scale, there are legal and constitutional framework to manage
2400-728: The 2011 census , Hinduism is the majority religion in the state at 67.8%, followed by Islam at 14.5% and Christianity at 4.3%. Other religions, primarily Sarnaism , claim to be 12.8% of the population. Hindus form majority in 19 out of 24 districts of the Jharkhand. Christianity forms majority in Simdega district (51.04%). Sarna forms majority in Lohardaga (51.01%), West Singhbhum (62.29%) and plurality in Gumla (44.62%) and Khunti (45.37%). Muslims have highest presence in Pakur district and Sahebganj district of Jharkhand forming 35% and 34% of
2496-580: The All Jharkhand Students Union , and the Congress came in one platform and formed the 'All Party Separate State Formation Committee' to start the movement. Shahdeo was elected as the convener of the committee. Voting on the Jharkhand Act was to be done on 21 September 1998 in the Bihar legislature. On that day the committee, under the leadership of Shahdeo called for Jharkhand Bandh and organised
2592-416: The All Jharkhand Students Union . They led the movement for a separate state of Jharkhand. The Jharkhand coordination committee (JCC), consisting of Ram Dayal Munda , B. P. Keshri , Binod Bihari Mahato , Santosh Rana and Suraj Singh Besra started a new initiative and tried to coordinate between different parties. Keshri sent a memorandum to form Jharkhand state in 1988. The Jharkhand co-ordination committee
2688-691: The Bombay Natural History Society also presented the issue of sand mining as a major international threat to coastal biodiversity at the Conference of Parties 11, Convention on Biological Diversity , Hyderabad in October 2012. D. K. Ravi , an Indian Administrative Service officer of the Karnataka state, who was well known for his tough crackdown on the rampant illegal sand mining in the Kolar district ,
2784-865: The British East India Company (EIC). In 1771, the revolt against the landlords and the British government was led by Tilka Majhi , a Paharia leader in Rajmahal Hills. Soon after in 1779, the Bhumij tribes again rose in arms against the British rule in Manbhum, called the Chuar Rebellion. In 1807, the Oraons in Barway murdered their landlord from Srinagar . The Munda tribe rose in revolt in 1811 and 1813. Bakhtar Say and Mundal Singh , two landowners, fought against
2880-679: The Eastern States Agency , the officials of which came under the direct authority of the Governor-General of India, rather than under that of any provinces. In March 1940, the INC 53rd Session occurred under the presidency of Maulana Azad at Jhanda Chowk, Ramgarh, which is now Ramgarh Cantonment . Mahatma Gandhi , Jawaharlal Nehru , Sardar Patel , Rajendra Prasad , Sarojini Naidu , Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan , Acharya J.B. Kripalani , Industrialist Jamnalal Bajaj and other great leaders of
2976-637: The Government of India , mineral resources of the country are surveyed by the Ministry of Mines , which also regulates the manner in which these resources are used. The ministry oversees the various aspects of industrial mining in the country. Both the Geological Survey of India and the Indian Bureau of Mines are also controlled by the ministry. Natural gas , petroleum and atomic minerals are exempt from
Bokaro district - Misplaced Pages Continue
3072-527: The Middle East . Japan accounts for nearly 3/4 of India's total iron ore exports. It also has one of the largest deposits of manganese in the world, and is a leading producer as well as exporter of manganese ore, which it exports to Japan, Europe ( Sweden , Belgium , Norway , among other countries), and to a lesser extent, the United States of America. The net production of selected minerals in 2015 as per
3168-812: The Nagvanshi Maharaja of Chhotanagpur . Chero rule in the Palamu region lasted until the 19th century until internal conflict between various factions weakened the Cheros and they were defeated by the East India Company . Later Palamu estates were sold by the British. During the 18th century, regions under the Kings of the Chero dynasty, Nagvanshi dynasty, Ramgarh and Kharagdiha became parts of territories of East India Company . Ramgarh Raj along with estates of other chiefs in
3264-611: The rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria , who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India . The Cheros and Kharwars again rebelled against the British in 1882 but the attack was repulsed. Then Birsa Munda revolt, broke out in 1895 and lasted until 1900. The revolt though mainly concentrated in the Munda belt of Khunti, Tamar, Sarwada and Bandgaon. In October 1905,
3360-666: The 1993 National Mining Policy further helped the growth of the mining sector. India's minerals range from both metallic and non-metallic types. The metallic minerals comprise ferrous and non-ferrous minerals, while the nonmetallic minerals comprise mineral fuels , precious stones , among others. D.R. Khullar holds that mining in India depends on over 3,100 mines , out of which over 550 are fuel mines, over 560 are mines for metals, and over 1970 are mines for extraction of nonmetals. The figure given by S.N. Padhi is: 'about 600 coal mines, 35 oil projects and 6,000 metalliferous mines of different sizes employing over one million persons on
3456-628: The British East India Company in 1812. The Hos in Singhbhum revolted in 1820 and a Kol revolt occurred in 1832. Also in 1832 the Bhumijs revolted again against the British, this time under the leadership of Ganga Narayan Singh , known as the Bhumij Rebellion . During the 19th century, large numbers of santals from Manbhum , Hazaribagh , Midnapore were settled by British in Damin-i-koh to cultivate
3552-664: The Christian Tribals Association, which submitted a memorandum to the Simon Commission to constitute a tribal state in eastern India. Prominent leaders like Jaipal Singh Munda and Ram Narayan Singh also demanded a separate state. In 1955, the Jharkhand Party , led by Jaipal Singh Munda, submitted a memorandum to the States Reorganization Commission for a separate Jharkhand state comprising
3648-622: The Congress extended support on the precondition that RJD would not pose a hurdle to the passage of the Bihar reorganisation Bill . Finally, with the support from both RJD and Congress , the ruling coalition at the Centre led by the Bharatiya Janata Party which had made statehood its main poll plank in the region in successive polls earlier, cleared the Bihar reorganisation Bill in the monsoon session of
3744-673: The Indian freedom movement attended the Ramgarh Session. Mahatma Gandhi also opened the Khadi and Village Industries Exhibition at Ramgarh. At that time, under the leadership of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose a conference against Samjhauta was also completed. In Ramgarh, Subhas Chandra Bose was seen as president of the All India Forward Block and M. N. Roy was seen as leader of the Radical democratic party. After Indian independence in 1947,
3840-544: The Jharkhand state is still enclosed by forest. Forests sustain the population of elephants and tigers. Climate of Jharkhand varies from Humid subtropical in the north to tropical wet and dry in the south-east. The main seasons are summer, rainy, autumn, winter and spring. The summer lasts from mid-April to mid-June. May, the hottest month, characterised by daily high temperatures around 37 °C (99 °F) and low temperatures around 25 °C (77 °F). The southwest monsoon , from mid-June to October, brings nearly all
3936-528: The Naxalites and counter-insurgency operations by the police , and its paramilitary groups such as the Salwa Judum . Despite having a presence in almost 7.80% of India's geographical area (home to 5.50% of India's population), the state of Jharkhand is part of the " Red Corridor " comprising 92,000 square kilometres, where the highest concentration of the groups estimated 20,000 combatants fight. Part of this
Bokaro district - Misplaced Pages Continue
4032-593: The Parliament on 2 and 11 August in Loksabha and Rajyasabha. This paved the way for the creation of a separate Vanachal state comprising the Chota Nagpur Division and Santhal Pargana Division of South Bihar. NDA formed the government with Babulal Marandi as chief minister. Later the name of the state was changed from Vanachal to Jharkhand. Babulal Marandi took the oath of chief minister on 15 November 2000 on
4128-737: The absence of adequate infrastructure in the mining areas. To go into the whole gamut of issues relating to the development of the mineral sector and suggest measures for improving the investment climate the Mid-Term Appraisal had proposed the establishment of a High Level Committee. Accordingly, the Government of India, Planning Commission, constituted a Committee on 14 September 2005. under the Chairmanship of Shri Anwarul Hoda, Member, Planning Commission. The committee made detailed recommendations on all of its terms of Reference in December 2006. Based on
4224-639: The age of Mahajanpadas around 500 BCE, Jharkhand state was a part of Magadha and Anga . In the Mauryan period, this region was ruled by a number of states, which were collectively known as the Atavika (forest) states. These states were subdued and were forced to accept the hegemony of the Maurya empire during Ashoka 's reign (c. 232 BCE). In the ancient site of Saridkel , burnt brick houses, red ware pottery, copper tools, coins and iron tools have been found which belong to
4320-646: The ancient period, in the Mahabharata , the region was referred as Kark Khand due to location near Kark Rekha, that is, Tropic of Cancer . During the Medieval period, the region was known as Jharkhand . According to Bhavishya Purana (1200 CE), Jharkhand was one of the seven Pundra desa. The name is first found on a 13th-century copper plate in Kendrapada , Odisha region from the reign of Narasimha Deva II of Eastern Ganga dynasty . Forest land from Baidhnath dham to Puri
4416-580: The anniversary of the birth of tribal leader Birsa Munda . The dynamics of resources and the politics of development still influence the socio-economic structures in Jharkhand, which was carved out of the relatively underdeveloped southern part of Bihar . According to the 1991 census, the state has a population of over 20 million out of which 28% is tribal while 12% of the people belong to scheduled castes . Jharkhand has 24 districts, 260 blocks, and 32,620 villages out of which only 45% have access to electricity while only 8,484 are connected by roads. Jharkhand
4512-455: The basis of bidding at an auction, for the prospecting stage or mining stage as the case may be. New Mineral (Auction) Rules notified in 2015 for the auction procedures. The Minerals (Evidence of Mineral Contents) Rules, also notified at the same time specifies the technical requirements. One of the most challenging issues in India's mining sector is the lack of assessment of India's natural resources. A number of areas remain unexplored and
4608-477: The chairmanship of the then chief minister of Bihar under the provision of the fifth schedule in 1972. This failed to achieve the desired result. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha wanted more representation and the All Jharkhand Students Union was against it. Due to differences these parties broke away from each other. The All Jharkhand Students Union introduced elements of violence in the movement and called for
4704-626: The control of the Union. The Act has been amended in 1972, 1986, 1994 and 1999 in keeping with changes in the policy on mineral development. The Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1999, inter-alia, provides for (a) introduction of a new concept of reconnaissance operations distinct from prospecting; (b) delegation of powers to the State Governments to grant mineral concessions for limestone; (c) granting of mineral concession in non-compact and non-contiguous areas; (d) liberalizing
4800-435: The country: The North Eastern Peninsular Belt, Central Belt, Southern Belt, South Western Belt, and the North Western Belt. The details of the various geographical 'belts' are given in the table below: India has yet to fully explore the mineral wealth within its marine territory, mountain ranges, and a few states and regions e.g. Gadchiroli in Maharashtra, Assam . Over the last three years, Gadchiroli has also emerged as
4896-809: The decade 2001–2011 was 15.99%. Bokaro has a sex ratio of 916 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 72.01%. 47.70% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 14.51% and 12.40% of the population respectively. Languages in Bokaro district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 46.23% of the population in the district spoke Khortha , 13.61% Hindi , 10.67% Bengali , 8.67% Santali , 5.71% Bhojpuri , 4.09% Urdu , 4.04% Magahi , 2.72% Karmali and 1.14% Maithili as their first language. 23°41′21″N 86°06′36″E / 23.6892°N 86.110°E / 23.6892; 86.110 Jharkhand Jharkhand ( / ˈ dʒ ɑːr k ə n d / ; Hindi: [d͡ʒʱɑːɾkʰəɳɖ] ; lit. '
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#17328489044744992-402: The early centuries CE. Brahmi inscriptions have been found in Khunti district which are from the 3rd century BCE. Samudragupta , while marching through the present-day Chotanagpur region ( North and South ), directed the first attack against the kingdom of Dakshina Kosala in the Mahanadi valley. In the 7th century, the Chinese traveller Xuanzang passed through the region. He described
5088-499: The entire cost of mineral production. Indian mining industry provides job opportunities to around 700,000 individuals. As of 2012, India is the largest producer of sheet mica , 2015 the fourth largest producer of iron ore , alumina , chromite , and bauxite in the world. A coal and iron ore project is in the fifth largest reserve in world. India's metal and mining industry was estimated to be $ 106.4 billion in 2010. Mining in India has been prominent since ancient times. The field
5184-459: The exercise of British influence over the predominantly Hindi -speaking states of Chang Bhakar , Jashpur , Koriya , Surguja , and Udaipur was transferred from the Bengal government to that of the Central Provinces , while the two Oriya -speaking states of Gangpur and Bonai were attached to the Orissa Tributary States , leaving only Kharsawan and Saraikela answerable to the Bengal governor. In 1936, all nine states were transferred to
5280-428: The kingdom as Karnasuvarna , with Shashanka as its ruler. To the north of Karn-Suberna was Magadha, Champa was in the east, Mahendra in the west, and Orissa in the south. During the medieval period, the region was governed by Nagvanshi , Pala , Khayaravala , Ramgarh Raj and Chero rulers. A Buddhist monastery has been found in Hazaribagh which was built during the Pala period in the 10th century. Bhim Karn
5376-407: The land and generate revenue. But the Santal revolted against tax imposition. The Santhal rebellion broke out in 1855 under the leadership of two brothers Sidhu and Kanhu . Later the British renamed it as Santal Pargana. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo and Pandey Ganpat Rai rebelled against the British East India Company in the 1857 rebellion . In the Battle of Chatra , conflict took place between
5472-443: The land of forests ' ) is a state in eastern India . The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It is the 15th largest state by area , and the 14th largest by population . Hindi is the official language of the state. The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub-capital. The state
5568-406: The late medieval period. Several iron slags , microliths , and potsherds have been discovered from Singhbhum district that are from 1400 BCE according to carbon dating age. The region was ruled by many empires and dynasties including Nanda , Maurya and Gupta during ancient period. In the Mahabharata, the region was referred as Kark Khand due to its location near Tropic of Cancer. During
5664-484: The leaders of the Vanachal movement. They organised several rallies to form a separate state. The central government formed a committee on the Jharkhand matter in 1989. It stressed the need for greater allocation of development funds for the area. There was a provision for limited internal autonomy in the hill area of Assam . Other tribal areas were covered by the fifth schedule of the constitution. Chotanagpur and Santal Pargana development boards were constituted under
5760-407: The list of dams built across these revere refer to [2] Jharkhand has a rich variety of flora and fauna . The national parks and the zoological gardens in the state of Jharkhand present a panorama of this variety. Part of the reason for the variety and diversity of flora and fauna found in Jharkhand state may be accredited to the Palamau Tiger Reserves under the Project Tiger. This reserve
5856-410: The maximum area limits for prospecting licences and mining leases; (e) empowering the State Governments to make rules to curb the illegal mining etc. The Act was amended in the year 2015 with the intention of removing discretion and introducing more transparency in the grant of mineral concessions. The amendments now made to the MMDR Act, 1957 provide that mineral concessions will be granted only on
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#17328489044745952-478: The metals used were gold , silver , copper , mercury , iron , iron ores , pyrite , tin , and brass . Mercury appeared to have been the most frequently used, and is called by several names in the texts. No source for mercury or its ores has been located. Leading to the suggestion that it may have been imported. The distribution of minerals in the country is uneven and mineral density varies from region to region. D.R. Khullar identifies five mineral 'belts' in
6048-409: The mineral resources in these areas are yet to be assessed. The distribution of minerals in the areas known is uneven and varies drastically from one region to another. India is also looking to follow the example set by England , Japan and Italy to recycle and use scrap iron for the ferrous industry. The first National Mineral Policy was enunciated by the Government in 1993 for liberalization of
6144-451: The mineral sector: The subject of ‘mineral regulation and development’ occurs at S.No. 23 of the State list in the VIIth schedule to the Constitution. However, the Constitution circumscribes this power, by giving Parliament the power under S.No. 54 of the Central list in the VIIth schedule, to enact legislation, and to this extent, the States will be bound by the Central legislation. The Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act 1957
6240-428: The mining industry directly resulted in a huge loss of government revenue, which is up to Rs. 50,000 crores (8 billion dollars). Furthermore, the mining ban also hit India's GDP in 2013 and 2014. It also caused social problems as people who lost their jobs were unwilling to take their former occupations, like fishing and farming. This study shows that when the core strategy conflicts with corporate social responsibility,
6336-440: The mining industry has been facing issues of large scale displacements, resistance of locals - as reported by the Indian journalist Aditi Roy Ghatak in the magazine D+C Development and Cooperation -, human rights issues like indentured labour as reported by the List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor and environmental issues like pollution, corruption, deforestation and dangers to animal habitats. Sand mining
6432-404: The mining sector. The National Mineral Policy, 1993 aimed at encouraging the flow of private investment and introduction of state-of-the-art technology in exploration and mining. In the Mid-Term Appraisal of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, it was observed that the main factors responsible for lack of success of the Policy were procedural delays in the processing of applications for mineral concessions and
6528-449: The permissive mining area., some failed to maintain a required distance between overburden and irrigation canals. All aspects above resulted in the fact that the production of iron ore exceeded the allowable output by more than 15%. Based on these negative impacts caused by mining industry, the state government shut down all 90 iron ore mines in Goa. Later, the Supreme Court also gave a temporary ban on mining operations in Goa. The ban on
6624-428: The population. The constitutional head of the government of Jharkhand is the governor , who is appointed by the president of India . The real executive power rests with the chief minister and the cabinet. The political party or the coalition of political parties having a majority in the Legislative Assembly forms the government. The head of the bureaucracy of the state is the chief secretary . Under this position,
6720-504: The quarries has yielded evidence that the activity continued into 1870-1800 BCE. Minerals subsequently found mention in Indian literature . George Robert Rapp—on the subject of minerals mentioned in India's literature—holds that: Sanskrit texts mention the use of bitumen , rock salt , yellow orpiment , chalk , alum , bismuth , calamine , realgar , stibnite , saltpeter , cinnabar , arsenic , sulphur , yellow and red ochre , black sand , and red clay in prescriptions. Among
6816-513: The quarry–pits, filled with aeolian sand, blown from the Thar Desert dunes, and heaps of limestone block, deriving from the prehistoric mining activity. All around these structures flint workshops were noticed, represented by scatters of flint flakes and blades among which typical Harappan-elongated blade cores and characteristic bullet cores with very narrow bladelet detachments.' Between 1995 and 1998, Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating of Zyzyphus cf. nummularia charcoal found in
6912-630: The rebels and the East India company. Tikait Umrao Singh , Sheikh Bhikhari , Nadir Ali and Jai Mangal Singh played pivotal role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The brothers Nilambar and Pitambar were chiefs of Bhogta clan of the Kharwar tribe who held ancestral jagirs with many Chero Jagirdars and led revolt against the British East India company. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 ,
7008-591: The recommendations of the High Level Committee, in consultation with State Governments, the Government replaced the National Mineral Policy, 1993 with a new National Mineral Policy on 13 March 2008. Under the British Raj a committee of experts formed in 1894 formulated regulations for mining safety and ensured regulated mining in India. The committee also passed the 1st Mines act of 1901 which led to
7104-622: The region to make this a reality. The LMEL's current Surjagad Iron Ore Mines, currently operating are set to reach a production capacity of 25 MTPA, with the foundations of the Integrated Steel Plant already underway. Another player, Surjagad Ispat, has already entered the region, and more are sure to follow. If this becomes a reality, India steel capacity will increase, reducing both cost and an overall dependency on steel imports from China. Along with 48.83% arable land , India has significant sources of coal (fourth-largest reserves in
7200-648: The regions were permanently settled as Zamindari estates. The Kharagdiha Rajas were settled as Rajas of Raj Dhanwar in 1809, and the Kharagdiha gadis were separately settled as zamindari estates. Some of the notable Kharagdiha Zamindari estates were Koderma , Gadi Palganj and Ledo Gadi . The princely states in the Chota Nagpur Plateau came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire , but they became tributary states of British East India Company as
7296-491: The role of the private sector in exploration and mining and the MMDR Act was amended several times to provide for a reasonable concession regime to attract the private sector investment including FDI, into exploration and mining in accordance with NMP 1993. The Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act 1957 in short) was enacted so as to provide for the regulation of mines and development of minerals under
7392-449: The rulers of many states chose to accede to the Dominion of India . Changbhakar , Jashpur , Koriya , Surguja and Udaipur after that became part of the state of Madhya Pradesh , but Gangpur and Bonai became part of the state of Orissa and Kharsawan and Saraikela became part of the state of Bihar . In 1928, a separate state was demanded by Unnati Samaj , the political wing of
7488-616: The separate state movement was falling apart, Justice Lal Pingley Nath Shahdeo was leading the movement. In 1998, the Union government decided to send the bill concerning the formation of the state of Jharkhand to the Bihar Legislative Assembly to which Lalu Prasad Yadav had said that the state would be divided over his dead body. A total of 16 political parties including the Bharatiya Janata Party , Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,
7584-404: The social benefits created by companies will not guarantee companies' normal operations. In Goa's case, even though some mining companies and organizations, like MFG, took corporate social actions, most of the mining companies are more profit-oriented. Due partially to the lack of government documents and supervision, mine operators became more opportunistic, in other words, companies tended to take
7680-454: The southern part. Jharkhand envelops a geographical area of 79,716 square kilometres (30,779 sq mi). Much of Jharkhand lies on the Chota Nagpur Plateau . Many rivers pass through the Chota Nagpur plateau. They are: Damodar , North Koel , Barakar , South Koel , Sankh and Subarnarekha rivers. The higher watersheds of these rivers stretch out within the Jharkhand state. Much of
7776-407: The state has 5 Divisions and 24 Districts. One interesting thing about Jharkhand is that all its districts, except Lohardaga and Khunti, share a border with a neighbouring state. Largest Cities in Jharkhand (2011 Census of India estimate) The gross domestic product of Jharkhand is estimated at ₹ 3.83 lakh crore (US$ 46 billion) in 2020–21. The per capita GDP of Jharkhand in 2018-19
7872-536: The state's annual rainfall, which ranges from about 1,000 mm (40 in) in the west-central part of the state to more than 1,500 mm (60 in) in the southwest. Nearly half of the annual precipitation falls in July and August. The winter season lasts from November to February. The temperatures in Ranchi in December usually vary from 10–24 °C (50–75 °F). Spring season lasts from mid-February to mid-April. For
7968-426: The state, the tribal population is prevented from staking any claim on the resources extracted from their land. In response, the insurgents have recently begun a campaign of targeting infrastructure related to the extraction of resources vital for Indian energy needs, such as coal. On 5 March 2007, Sunil Mahato , a member of the national parliament, was shot dead by Naxalite rebels near Kishanpur while watching
8064-609: The sustainability of mining, the Indian government set up a series of regulations included in Act of Parliament in 1987. According to Act of Parliament, mining companies had to obtain the lease for 20 years in maximum from the Indian Government, otherwise, their mining behaviors were not allowed. When it comes to the corporate social responsibility (CSR), Indian government encouraged companies to take discrete corporate social actions. According to Companies Act 2013 of India, every company
8160-528: The tribal area of South Bihar, but it was rejected because there were many languages, no link language in the region, tribals were in the minority, Hindustani was the majority language, and it risked adverse effect on the economy of Bihar. Later the Sadan people , the native various caste/non-tribal groups, also joined the movement for a separate state. In 1972, Binod Bihari Mahato , Shibu Soren and A. K. Roy founded Jharkhand Mukti Morcha . Nirmal Mahto founded
8256-668: The use of Copper tools spread in Chota Nagpur Plateau and these find complexes are known as the Copper Hoard Culture . In the Kabra-Kala mound at the confluence of the Son and North Koel rivers in Palamu district various antiquities and art objects have been found which are from the Neolithic to the medieval period and pot-sherds of Redware , black and red ware , black ware, black slipped ware and NBP ware are from Chalcolithic to
8352-561: The various activities of the Indian Ministry of Mines. Flint was known and exploited by the inhabitants of the Indus Valley civilization by the 3rd millennium BCE. P. Biagi and M. Cremaschi of Milan University discovered a number of Harappan quarries in archaeological excavations dating between 1985 and 1986. Biagi (2008) describes the quarries: 'From the surface the quarries consisted of almost circular empty areas, representing
8448-455: The world's known and economically available thorium . It is the world's largest producer and exporter of mica, accounting for almost 60 percent of the net mica production in the world, which it exports to the United Kingdom , Japan , United States of America etc. As one of the largest producers and exporters of iron ore in the world, its majority exports go to Japan, Korea , Europe and
8544-472: The world), bauxite, titanium ore , chromite , natural gas , diamonds , petroleum , and limestone . According to the 2008 Ministry of Mines estimates: 'India has stepped up its production to reach the second rank among the chromite producers of the world. Besides, India ranks 3rd in production of coal & lignite , 2nd in barites , 4th in iron ore, 5th in bauxite and crude steel , 7th in manganese ore and 8th in aluminium .' India accounts for 12% of
8640-507: Was ₹ 82,430 (US$ 990). Mining in India The mining industry in India is a major economic activity which contributes significantly to the economy of India . The gross domestic product (GDP) contribution of the mining industry varies from 2.2% to 2.5% only but going by the GDP of the total industrial sector, it contributes around 10% to 11%. Even mining done on small scale contributes 6% to
8736-532: Was a Nagvanshi king during medieval period. He defeated the Raksel dynasty of Surguja when they invaded the region with cavalry. Mughal influence reached Palamu during the reign of Emperor Akbar when it was conquered by Rajput Raja Mansingh in 1574. Several invasions took place during Mughal rule. During the reign of the Nagvanshi King Madhu Singh , Akbar's general invaded Khukhra . Also there
8832-636: Was an invasion during the reign of Durjan Shah . King Ram Shah ruled Navratangarh from 1640 to 1663. He built the Kapilnath Temple in 1643. He was succeeded by his son Raghunath Shah . Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo built the Jagannath temple of Ranchi in 1691. The King Medini Ray ruled from 1658 to 1674 in Palamu. His rule extended to areas in South Gaya and Hazaribagh . He attacked Navratangarh and defeated
8928-515: Was found dead at his residence in Bengaluru , on 16 March 2015. It is widely alleged that the death was not due to suicide but caused by the mafia involved in land grabbing and sand mining. Mining plays an important role in Indian industry, which contributes about 3% of the GDP in the 1990s, and about 2% of the GDP now. Goa , a state of India, has 1000 million tonnes of iron ore reserves and thereby has
9024-740: Was known as Jharkhand. In Akbarnama , from Panchet in the east to Ratanpur to west, Rohtasgarh to the north and the frontier of Odisha to the south was known as Jharkhand. The region has been inhabited since the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period, as shown by several ancient cave paintings. Stone tools have been discovered from Chota Nagpur Plateau region which are from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. There are ancient cave paintings in Isko, Hazaribagh district which are from Meso-chalcolithic period (9000–5000 BCE). During 2nd millennium BCE
9120-421: Was required to invest 2% of their net profit in social program annually. Discrete corporate social actions means corporate social actions are not a part of the core strategy in companies, so companies are more likely to take social actions by setting up their own foundation. Mineral Foundation of Goa (MFG) is a non-profit organization that founded by 16 mine operators on 12 December 2000. The main purpose of MFG
9216-538: Was then led by Congress General Secretary Ram Ratan Ram , who urged Rajiv Gandhi to pay attention to the issue at hand. In July 1988, the Bharatiya Janata party led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee , Lal Krishna Advani , and Murli Manohar Joshi decided to demand a separate state, Vanachal, comprising the forest region of South Bihar in Jamshedpur . Inder Singh Namdhari , Samresh Singh , and Rudra Pratap Sarangi were
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