Aloys Hirt (27 June 1759 – 29 June 1837) was a German art historian and archaeologist of Ancient Greek and Roman architecture . He was responsible for the King of Prussia's antiquities collection from 1798, and became the University of Berlin 's first professor of art theory and art history in 1810.
29-696: Berlin Museum may refer to: Museum Island Altes Museum Antikensammlung Berlin Egyptian Museum of Berlin Neues Museum Pergamon Museum Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin See also [ edit ] List of museums and galleries in Berlin Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
58-592: A Louvre on the Spree . The federal government pledged $ 20 million a year through 2010 for projects to enhance Berlin's prestige and Unesco declared the island a World Heritage Site . The contents of the museums were decided on as follows: The Pergamon, with the Greek altar that gives it its name, retained much of its collection and was defined as a museum of ancient architecture. The Neues Museum presented archaeological objects as well as Egyptian and Etruscan sculptures, including
87-634: A question of life after death or issues of beauty and other topics. Museum Island is referenced in the song "On the Museum Island" by folk artist Emmy the Great . The southern section of the island, south of Gertraudenstraße, is commonly referred to as Fischerinsel (Fisher Island) and is the site of a high-rise apartment development built when Mitte was part of East Berlin . 52°31′17″N 13°23′44″E / 52.52139°N 13.39556°E / 52.52139; 13.39556 Aloys Hirt Hirt
116-472: A strung-out exhibition room for interdisciplinary presentations. The Archaeological Promenade may be characterized as a cross-total of the collections that are shown separately (in accordance with cultural regions, epochs, and art genres) in the individual museums of the Island. The Archaeological Promenade will address multi-focus topics that have occupied the human mind irrespective of time and cultural region, be it
145-534: Is a museum complex on the northern part of Spree Island in the historic heart of Berlin , Germany. It is one of the capital's most visited sights and one of the most important museum sites in Europe . Originally built from 1830 to 1930, initially by order of the Prussian Kings , according to plans by five architects, the Museum Island was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999 because of its testimony to
174-593: Is kept at the Pushkin Museum in Moscow . As for the city's major museums, it took much of the 1990s for a consensus to emerge that Museum Island's buildings should be restored and modernized, with General Director Wolf-Dieter Dube's cautious plan for their use finally approved in January 1999. Then, six months later, Peter-Klaus Schuster took over and set in motion a far more ambitious program intended to turn Museum Island into
203-623: The Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Arts in Berlin . Raised to a Royal Prussian Councillor, he taught the "theory of art", and became an arts advisor to King Frederick William II , presumably with the patronage of Countess Lichtenau. In 1797, he made a public lecture outlining plans for a public museum in Berlin to contain the finest Prussian art treasures arranged by artistic 'school' for
232-685: The University of Berlin , with Hirt asked to be its first professor of art history and of archaeology. His students there and at the Bauakademie he had helped to establish included a whole generation of German classicizing architects - such as Christian Daniel Rauch , Karl Friedrich Schinkel (who he knew from his time at the Academy of Sciences and Arts), and Friedrich Weinbrenner . Weinbrenner went on to evangelize Hirt's architectural classicism at his own new architecture school at Karlsruhe , Baden . In 1815
261-795: The University of Freiburg soon afterwards. However, in 1779, he switched university to Vienna and subject to classics, staying 3 years. In 1782 he moved to Rome and went on to live in Italy until 1796, visiting Venice , Florence , Naples , and Sicily . Hirt became increasingly interested in art after reading Johann Winckelmann 's works and being exposed to wide variety of art available for study in Italy. He worked as an archaeologist and from 1785 also as an established and knowledgeable cicerone (tour guide). His clients included Goethe , Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff , Margravine Louise of Brandenburg-Schwedt , Prince Nikolaus II Esterházy , Herder , Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , and
290-499: The 1820s Hirt'ss views and methods had increasingly become seen as too subjective and unscientific, though he retained influence at court. Waagen had studied the stolen works of Prussia in Paris and come to the conclusion that an art museum's prime focus was not national prestige or education, as Hirt argued, but the pleasure of viewing art. Waagen's 1828 pamphlet gave a detailed account of this competition, and asserted that quality (i.e. only
319-440: The Berlin (later Darmstadt) version of Hans Holbein the younger 's "Bürgermeister Meyer Madonna", now known to be the original. His opinion came to be part of the body of critical opinion considered in the so-called " Holbein convention " held in 1871. With his health failing, in the 1830s he withdrew increasingly out of the public life. Hirt was one of the first to hang paintings in historical order, an idea he may have drawn from
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#1732845636980348-609: The Bode, and a new annex, and Museum Island will present all art from the ancient civilizations to 1900. The James Simon Gallery , a $ 94 million visitors' center designed by the British architect David Chipperfield , is being built beside the Neues Museum. It will in turn be linked to the Neues, Altes, Pergamon and Bode Museums by an underground passageway decorated with archaeological objects. Once
377-718: The Museum Island Master Plan is completed, the so-called Archaeological Promenade will connect four of the five museums on the Museum Island. The Promenade will begin at the Old Museum in the south, lead through the New Museum and the Pergamon Museum and end at the Bode Museum, located at the northern tip of the Island. Before World War II, these museums were connected by bridge passages above ground; they were destroyed due to
406-602: The Prussian works appropriated by Napoleon to create a museum in Paris telling a comprehensive history of art were returned and put on public display at the Akademie der Wissenschaft, seen by Friederich Wilhelm himself. Impressed by Napoleon's short-lived universalist notion, Friederich set about forming one in Berlin. Hirt was a member on the committee ordered by Friedrich for this purpose, but suffered criticism from young art history students like Karl Ruhmohr and Gustav Waagen . From
435-808: The architectural and cultural development of museums in the 19th and 20th centuries. It consists of the Altes Museum , the Neues Museum , the Alte Nationalgalerie , the Bode-Museum and the Pergamonmuseum . As the Museum Island designation includes all of Spree Island north of the Karl Liebknecht Boulevard, the historic Berlin Cathedral is also located there, next to the open Lustgarten park. To
464-563: The better or more representative artworks of each era) not quantity (i.e. all the state's works) should be displayed. Disagreeing, Hirt in the end left the committee. Hirt's architectural stance on neo-classicism was also under attack, principally by Heinrich Hübsch (1795–1863), a student of in Weinbrenner's from Karlsruhe, who laid the foundations in his 1828 book "In welchem Style sollen Wir bauen?" (In What Style Should We Build?) for new revivals of post-classical styles. In 1830, he examined
493-569: The corresponding development of museum architecture. Nearby: A first exhibition hall was erected in 1797 at the suggestion of the archaeologist Aloys Hirt . In 1822, Schinkel designed the plans for the Altes Museum to house the royal Antikensammlung , the arrangement of the collection was overseen by Wilhelm von Humboldt . The island, originally a residential area, was dedicated to "art and science" by King Frederick William IV of Prussia in 1841. Further extended under succeeding Prussian kings,
522-605: The countess Wilhelmine von Lichtenau . Hirt also assimilated with the German expatriate community in Rome. Also in Rome, in 1791, he published a treatise on the Pantheon , Osservazioni istorico-architettoniche sopra il Panteon . In 1794 the received the title of a Princely Weimarian Councillor. His time in Italy ended with the onset of the Napoleonic Wars in 1796, when he was called to
551-406: The edification of the art lover and public. The proposal were green-lighted by King Frederick William II and given royal patronage, which continued with his successor Frederick William III . Hirt settled on a site Unter den Linden (where today stands Schinkel's Neue Wache ) and produced an initial design, revolutionary in its use of shutters to control light. This, however, was never built, with
580-414: The effects of the war. There have never been plans to rebuild them; instead, the central courts of individual museums will be lowered, which has already been done in the Bode Museum and in the New Museum. They will be connected by subterranean galleries. In a way, this archaeological promenade can be regarded as the sixth museum in the Island, because it is devised not only as a connecting corridor but also as
609-469: The movements dominant texts. In the same year, he joined the Gesetzlose Gesellschaft zu Berlin intellectual society. In 1810, the art trader Christian von Mechel , who had reorganized what artworks were left in the palace of Sanssouci after French forces had plundered it, reminded King Frederick William III of the project to create an art museum in Berlin. 1810 also marked the foundation of
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#1732845636980638-706: The museum's collections of art and archeology were turned into a public foundation after 1918. They are today maintained by the Berlin State Museums branch of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation . Museum Island further comprises the Lustgarten park and the Berlin Cathedral . Between the Bode and Pergamon Museums it is crossed by the Stadtbahn railway viaduct. The adjacent territory to
667-545: The renowned bust of Queen Nefertiti . The Altes Museum, the oldest on the island, displayed Greek and Roman art objects on its first floor and hold exhibitions on its second floor. The Bode Museum's paintings went from Late Byzantine to 1800. And, as now, the Alte Nationalgalerie will cover the 19th century. Once this process is completed, perhaps by 2020, the Gemäldegalerie's painting collection will be transferred to
696-794: The south is the site of the former royal and imperial Berlin Palace and the Palace of the Republic . The Prussian collections became separated during the Cold War during the division of the city, but were reunited after German reunification , with the exception of some art and artifacts removed after World War II by Allied troops . These include the Priam's Treasure , also called the gold of Troy , excavated by Heinrich Schliemann in 1873, then smuggled out of Turkey to Berlin and smuggled out of Germany to Moscow. Today it
725-598: The south of Liebknecht Boulevard, the reconstructed Berlin Palace houses the Humboldt Forum museum and opened in 2020. Also adjacent, across the west branch of the Spree is the German Historical Museum . Since German reunification , the Museum Island has been rebuilt and extended according to a master plan. In 2019, a new visitor center and art gallery, the James Simon Gallery (by a sixth architect),
754-619: The start of construction being delayed by Napoleon's conquest of Europe and shelved indefinitely by his decisive victory over the Prussians in 1806 and the punitive Treaty of Tilsit . Nevertheless, Hirt's ideas would take shape much later with the inauguration of the Altes Museum , the nucleus of present-day Museum Island With the museum postponed, Hirt published his seminal Die Baukunst nach den Grundsätzen der Alten in 1809, arguing for Neoclassicism in modern architecture and becoming one of
783-507: The title Berlin Museum . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin_Museum&oldid=1045208896 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Museum Island The Museum Island ( German : Museumsinsel )
812-483: Was born in the village of Behla near Hüfingen in the Swabian Baar region. The son of a wealthy rural family, he was able to attend secondary school ( Gymnasium ) at Villingen , educated by Benedictine monks. After the death of his first love, he entered a monastery for a while, before studying philosophy at the University of Nancy . Intending to get a degree in law and political science, he briefly studied it at
841-459: Was opened within the Museum Island heritage site. The Museum Island is so-called for the complex of internationally significant museums , all part of the Berlin State Museums , that occupy the Spree island's northern part. In 1999, the museum complex was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites because of its unique testimony to the evolution of museums as a social and cultural phenomena and
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