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29-672: The Lustgarten ( German: [ˈlʊstˌɡaʁtn̩] , Pleasure Garden ) is a park in Museum Island in central Berlin at the foreground of the Altes Museum . It is next to the Berliner Dom ( Berlin Cathedral ) and near the reconstructed Berliner Stadtschloss ( Berlin City Palace ) of which it was originally a part. At various times in its history, the park has been used as

58-592: A Louvre on the Spree . The federal government pledged $ 20 million a year through 2010 for projects to enhance Berlin's prestige and Unesco declared the island a World Heritage Site . The contents of the museums were decided on as follows: The Pergamon, with the Greek altar that gives it its name, retained much of its collection and was defined as a museum of ancient architecture. The Neues Museum presented archaeological objects as well as Egyptian and Etruscan sculptures, including

87-806: A large equestrian statue of Friedrich Wilhelm III by Albert Wolff . The statue was unveiled on 16 June 1871. Between 1894 and 1905, the old Protestant church on the northern side of the park was replaced by a much larger building, the Berlin Cathedral (in German, "Berliner Dom"), designed by Julius Carl Raschdorff . During the years of the Weimar Republic , the Lustgarten was frequently used for political demonstrations. The Socialists and Communists held frequent rallies there. In August 1921, 500,000 people demonstrated against right-wing extremist violence. After

116-603: A million people there. On 18 May 1942 a resistance group led by Herbert Baum consisting mainly of Jewish men and women, tried to destroy a propaganda exhibition The Soviet Paradise in the Lustgarten. This resulted in the discovery of the group, the death of Baum in Gestapo detention and the execution of at least 27 members of the group. In a "retaliation action," the Reich Security Main Office arrested 500 Jewish men at

145-670: A parade ground, a place for mass rallies and a public park. The area of the Lustgarten was originally developed in the 16th century as a kitchen garden attached to the Palace, then the residence of the Elector of Brandenburg , the core of the later Kingdom of Prussia . After the devastation of Germany during the Thirty Years War , Berlin was redeveloped by Friedrich Wilhelm (the Great Elector) and his Dutch wife, Luise Henriette of Nassau . It

174-716: A question of life after death or issues of beauty and other topics. Museum Island is referenced in the song "On the Museum Island" by folk artist Emmy the Great . The southern section of the island, south of Gertraudenstraße, is commonly referred to as Fischerinsel (Fisher Island) and is the site of a high-rise apartment development built when Mitte was part of East Berlin . 52°31′17″N 13°23′44″E  /  52.52139°N 13.39556°E  / 52.52139; 13.39556 The Soviet Paradise The exhibition included entire households with its contents, transported from

203-472: A strung-out exhibition room for interdisciplinary presentations. The Archaeological Promenade may be characterized as a cross-total of the collections that are shown separately (in accordance with cultural regions, epochs, and art genres) in the individual museums of the Island. The Archaeological Promenade will address multi-focus topics that have occupied the human mind irrespective of time and cultural region, be it

232-586: The Lustgarten into a sand-covered parade ground. ( Pariser Platz near the Brandenburg Gate and Leipziger Platz were also laid out as military parade grounds at this time.) In 1790, Friedrich Wilhelm II allowed the Lustgarten to be turned back into a park, but during French occupation of Berlin in 1806 Napoleon again drilled troops there. In the early 19th century, the enlarged and increasingly wealthy Kingdom of Prussia undertook major redevelopments of central Berlin. A large, new classical building,

261-711: The Alte Nationalgalerie , the Bode-Museum and the Pergamonmuseum . As the Museum Island designation includes all of Spree Island north of the Karl Liebknecht Boulevard, the historic Berlin Cathedral is also located there, next to the open Lustgarten park. To the south of Liebknecht Boulevard, the reconstructed Berlin Palace houses the Humboldt Forum museum and opened in 2020. Also adjacent, across

290-825: The Berlin State Museums branch of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation . Museum Island further comprises the Lustgarten park and the Berlin Cathedral . Between the Bode and Pergamon Museums it is crossed by the Stadtbahn railway viaduct. The adjacent territory to the south is the site of the former royal and imperial Berlin Palace and the Palace of the Republic . The Prussian collections became separated during

319-496: The Berlin State Museums , that occupy the Spree island's northern part. In 1999, the museum complex was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites because of its unique testimony to the evolution of museums as a social and cultural phenomena and the corresponding development of museum architecture. Nearby: A first exhibition hall was erected in 1797 at the suggestion of the archaeologist Aloys Hirt . In 1822, Schinkel designed

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348-520: The Eastern Front , on display. The exhibition contained images of firing-squads and bodies of young girls, some still children, who had been hung and were dangling from ropes. There was also a captured Soviet KV-2 Kliment Voroshilov tank in front of the entrance. From 8 May to 21 June 1942, the exhibition was in the Lustgarten in Berlin and according to official information 1.3 million people visited

377-456: The Old Museum , was built at the north-western end of the Lustgarten by the leading architect, Karl Friedrich Schinkel , and between 1826 and 1829 the Lustgarten was redesigned by Peter Joseph Lenné , with formal paths dividing the park into six sectors. A 13-metre high fountain in the centre, operated by a steam engine, was one of the marvels of the age. In 1871, the fountain was replaced by

406-582: The Pushkin Museum in Moscow . As for the city's major museums, it took much of the 1990s for a consensus to emerge that Museum Island's buildings should be restored and modernized, with General Director Wolf-Dieter Dube's cautious plan for their use finally approved in January 1999. Then, six months later, Peter-Klaus Schuster took over and set in motion a far more ambitious program intended to turn Museum Island into

435-562: The Bode, and a new annex, and Museum Island will present all art from the ancient civilizations to 1900. The James Simon Gallery , a $ 94 million visitors' center designed by the British architect David Chipperfield , is being built beside the Neues Museum. It will in turn be linked to the Neues, Altes, Pergamon and Bode Museums by an underground passageway decorated with archaeological objects. Once

464-501: The Cold War during the division of the city, but were reunited after German reunification , with the exception of some art and artifacts removed after World War II by Allied troops . These include the Priam's Treasure , also called the gold of Troy , excavated by Heinrich Schliemann in 1873, then smuggled out of Turkey to Berlin and smuggled out of Germany to Moscow. Today it is kept at

493-718: The Museum Island Master Plan is completed, the so-called Archaeological Promenade will connect four of the five museums on the Museum Island. The Promenade will begin at the Old Museum in the south, lead through the New Museum and the Pergamon Museum and end at the Bode Museum, located at the northern tip of the Island. Before World War II, these museums were connected by bridge passages above ground; they were destroyed due to

522-420: The area in the spirit of Lenné's design and construction work began in 1998. The Lustgarten now features fountains and is once again a park in the heart of a reunited Berlin. Museum Island The Museum Island ( German : Museumsinsel ) is a museum complex on the northern part of Spree Island in the historic heart of Berlin , Germany. It is one of the capital's most visited sights and one of

551-587: The attention of members of the Red Orchestra resistance group who affixed posters advertising the event with their own anti-Nazi stickers. Unfortunately for these anti-Nazi resistance groups one of the main sponsors of the exhibition Reinhard Heydrich was assassinated in Prague at the end of May 1942. The assassination of Reinhard Heydrich caused an increase in Nazi reactions to any perceived resistance and vastly increased

580-414: The effects of the war. There have never been plans to rebuild them; instead, the central courts of individual museums will be lowered, which has already been done in the Bode Museum and in the New Museum. They will be connected by subterranean galleries. In a way, this archaeological promenade can be regarded as the sixth museum in the Island, because it is devised not only as a connecting corridor but also as

609-462: The end of May, and immediately murdered half of them. A memorial stone made by Jürgen Raue installed in 1981 commemorates the resistance group. In 1944 the statue of Friedrich Wilhelm III by Albert Wolff was melted down to reuse the metal in war production. By the end of World War II in the year 1945, the Lustgarten was a bomb-pitted wasteland. The German Democratic Republic left Adolf Hitler's paving in place, but planted lime trees around

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638-618: The most important museum sites in Europe . Originally built from 1830 to 1930, initially by order of the Prussian Kings , according to plans by five architects, the Museum Island was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999 because of its testimony to the architectural and cultural development of museums in the 19th and 20th centuries. It consists of the Altes Museum , the Neues Museum ,

667-505: The murder of Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau , on 25 June 1922, 250,000 protested in the Lustgarten . On 7 February 1933, 200,000 people demonstrated against the new Nazi Party regime of Adolf Hitler : shortly afterwards public opposition to the regime was banned. Under the Nazis, the Lustgarten was converted into a site for mass rallies. In 1934, it was paved over and the equestrian statue removed. Hitler addressed mass rallies of up to

696-489: The parade ground to reduce its militaristic appearance. The whole area was renamed Marx - Engels -Platz . The City Palace was demolished and later replaced by the modernist Palace of the Republic on part of the site. A movement to restore the Lustgarten to its earlier role as a park began once Germany was reunified in 1990 . In 1997, the Berlin Senate commissioned the landscape architect Hans Loidl to redesign

725-503: The plans for the Altes Museum to house the royal Antikensammlung , the arrangement of the collection was overseen by Wilhelm von Humboldt . The island, originally a residential area, was dedicated to "art and science" by King Frederick William IV of Prussia in 1841. Further extended under succeeding Prussian kings, the museum's collections of art and archeology were turned into a public foundation after 1918. They are today maintained by

754-545: The renowned bust of Queen Nefertiti . The Altes Museum, the oldest on the island, displayed Greek and Roman art objects on its first floor and hold exhibitions on its second floor. The Bode Museum's paintings went from Late Byzantine to 1800. And, as now, the Alte Nationalgalerie will cover the 19th century. Once this process is completed, perhaps by 2020, the Gemäldegalerie's painting collection will be transferred to

783-621: The show. The Berlin exhibition was opened with a large parade and a speech by the State Secretary of the Reich Ministry of Propaganda , Leopold Gutterer , in front of the exhibition hall. On May 18 a Jewish - Communist resistance group called "Baum-Group" organized an arson attack, which although it only caused minor damage to the exhibits, was deeply embarrassing to the regime. Herbert Baum , Marianne Baum , and over 30 other people were arrested and executed. The exhibition also attracted

812-548: The west branch of the Spree is the German Historical Museum . Since German reunification , the Museum Island has been rebuilt and extended according to a master plan. In 2019, a new visitor center and art gallery, the James Simon Gallery (by a sixth architect), was opened within the Museum Island heritage site. The Museum Island is so-called for the complex of internationally significant museums , all part of

841-435: Was Luise, with the assistance of a military engineer Johann Mauritz and a landscape gardener Michael Hanff , who, in 1646, converted the former kitchen garden into a formal garden, with fountains and geometric paths, and gave it its current name, Pleasure Garden. In 1713, Friedrich Wilhelm I became King of Prussia and set about converting Prussia into a militarised state. He ripped out his grandmother's garden and converted

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