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136-490: Geographically and historically area has distinct features, while the Neretva is divided into three common hydrological sections: upper, middle and lower. The Neretva has been harnessed and controlled to a large extent by four HE power-plants with large dams (as higher than 15 meters) and their storage lakes , but it still recognized for its natural beauty, diversity of its landscape and visual attractiveness. The Neretva

272-450: A hydroelectric dam near Jablanica in central Bosnia and Herzegovina . The lake has an irregular elongated shape. Its width varies along its length. The lake is a popular vacation destination in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Swimming, boating and especially fishing are popular activities on the lake. Many weekend cottages have been built along the shores of the lake. There are 13 types of fish in

408-500: A National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Konjic hosts a Biennial of Contemporary Art since 2011, called "D-0 ARK Underground" which is located in ARK . The project, which the Council of Europe called the best cultural event in 2001, was curated by Petar Cuković, Branislav Dimitrijević in 2011 and Branko Franceschi and Bashak Shenove in 2013. The danube/sava is the largest karst river in

544-641: A decision on the Serbian territories. The SDS, in co-operation with the JNA, had also been active in arming the Serb population of the municipality and in training paramilitary units and militias. Konjic was included in those areas claimed by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of the "Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia ", despite the fact that the Croats did not constitute a majority of

680-478: A facility where they could be imprisoned and questioned about their role in the siege of Konjic. The former JNA Čelebići compound was chosen out of necessity as the appropriate facilities for the detention of prisoners in Konjic. The majority of the prisoners who were detained between April and December 1992 were men, captured during and after the military operations at Bradina and Donje Selo and their surrounding areas. At

816-524: A great environmental and social cost, as dams destroy ecosystems and cause people to lose their homes and livelihoods. The Neretva and two main tributaries are already harnessed, by four HE power-plants with large dams on Neretva, one HE power-plants with major dam on the Neretva tributary Rama, and two HE power-plants with one major dam on the Trebišnjica river, which is considered as part of

952-618: A great environmental and social cost, however. The Neretva and two main tributaries are already harnessed, by four HE power-plants with large dams on Neretva, one HE power-plants with major dam on the Neretva tributary Rama , and two HE power-plants with one major dam on the Trebišnjica river, which is considered as part of the Neretva watershed. The government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity unveiled plans to build three more hydroelectric power plants with major dams (as over 150.5 meters in height) upstream from

1088-739: A high water level causes Neretva to push Krupa in the opposite direction. Passing towns and villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Neretva spills out into the Adriatic Sea , building a wetland delta that is listed under the Ramsar Convention as internationally important. In this lower alluvial valley in Croatia, the Neretva River splinters into multiple courses, creating a delta covering approximately 12,000 hectares. The delta in Croatia has been reduced by extensive land reclamation projects, reducing

1224-473: A large number of endemic species of fish . The river Neretva and its tributaries represent the main drainage system in the east Adriatic watershed and the foremost ichthyofaunal habitat of the region. According to Smith & Darwall (2006) the Neretva river, together with four other areas in the Mediterranean , has the largest number of threatened freshwater fish species. Degree of endemism in

1360-611: A more interesting preserved area. The Krupa River is a Neretva left tributary and the main water current of Hutovo Blato, which carries the waters from Gornje Blato and Svitavsko Lake into the Neretva River. The length of Krupa is 9 km (6 miles) with an average depth of 5 metres (16 feet). The Krupa does not have a specific source, but is an arm of Deransko Lake . Also, the Krupa is a unique river in Europe, because it flows both ways. It flows both towards and back from its mouth. This happens when

1496-509: A pashaluk divided into several sanjaks ). The Stećci (singular: Stećak) are monumental medieval tombstones that lie scattered across the landscape of Bosnia and Herzegovina . They are the country’s most legendary symbol. Although many of them are found in Serbia and Croatia , the vast majority are found within the borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina – 60,000 in all, of which approximately 10,000 are decorated (and sometimes inscribed). Appearing in

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1632-502: A sculpture of a stone lion – a symbol of Venetian culture survived. Konjic Konjic ( Serbian Cyrillic : Коњиц ) is a city located in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , one of two entities that make up Bosnia and Herzegovina . It is located in northern Herzegovina , around 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Sarajevo , in a mountainous, heavily wooded area, and

1768-543: A southeast direction, within a wide Župa valley (also Komska Župa or Konjička Župa or simply Župa) (župa transl.  parish ) on both banks of the Neretva river, in Konjic Municipality , Bosnia and Herzegovina . Dr. Pavao Anđelić in his book "Spomenici Konjica i okoline" claimed that Glavatičevo got its name from the name of the local nobleman Glavat or Glavatec. Rivers of the Jezernica (also Tatinac ),

1904-454: A very steep slope and the Neretva river significant (hydrological) elevation. Several major well-sources significantly complement the Neretva river, among which the most important and with largest quantity of fresh and potable water are "Krupac" and "Pridvorica" well-springs. Borač valley , before the Bosnian war , was inhabited mostly by Muslims , whose villages were completely destroyed and

2040-474: A wide valley. The river provided much fertile, agricultural land before the lake flooded most of the valley. The lake was created in 1953 after construction of a high gravitational hydroelectric dam near Jablanica in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lake has an irregular elongated shape. Its width varies along its length. The lake is a popular vacation destination in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Swimming, boating and especially fishing are popular activities on

2176-404: A Župa and that the name has been preserved to these days. Aristocratic Kosača family governed Komska Župa until the second half of 1465. But two years earlier, 1463, after the war campaign, Turkish Sultan Mehmed II el Fatih conquered the area of Konjic and Kom, but that same year Herceg Stjepan Vukčić Kosača and his sons went to counterattack and restored Kom and its surrounding area. Two years

2312-631: Is freshwater richness contained by an abundant wellspring and clear rivers , indeed, a natural treasure of great importance yet to be evaluated, acknowledge and appreciated. From the Drina river on the east to the Una river on the west and from the Sava river on the north to the Adriatic sea on the south, Bosnia and Herzegovina is genuine European freshwater reservoir. Situated in between all these major regional rivers

2448-482: Is 268 m (879 ft) above sea level . The municipality extends on both sides of the Neretva River . According to the 2013 census, the city of Konjic has a population of 10,732 inhabitants, whereas the municipality has 25,148. The city is one of the oldest permanent settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, dating back almost 4,000 years; it arose in its current incarnation in the late 14th century. The area near

2584-406: Is a group of five stećak tombstones. One is decorated, and one has a label that was partially damaged, but can nevertheless be translated. In Krupac, in one of two lone stećak, there is a drawing of Crescent. Near Razići, at Crkvine hamlet, there is a huge necropolis of 93 stećak, decorated with the only three interesting themes. In one drawing is the human head, "that makes the spirits go away" and it

2720-445: Is a natural entity divided by the state border. The Important Bird Areas programme, conducted by Birdlife International , covers protected areas in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since 1995, Hutovo Blato has been protected as Hutovo Blato Nature Park and managed by a public authority. The whole zone is protected from human impact and provides habitat for many plants and animals. The historical site Old Fortress Hutovo Blato

2856-460: Is a peace reigned again, but in constant fear of a new Turkish attack. In mid-1465 The Turkish army under the command of Isa-Beg Isaković invaded the land of Herceg Stjepan and won. That was final fall of Kom. Komska Župa became nahia and has been Kadiluku Blagaj . It can be seen from the list of Bosnian Sandžak from 1469 ( During the Ottoman times Bosnia was both a single sanjak, and after 1580

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2992-496: Is a popular vacation destination. Downstream from the confluence of its tributaries, the Trebižat and Bregava Rivers, the valley spreads into an alluvial fan covering 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres). The upper valley, the 7,411 hectares in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is called Hutovo Blato . The Neretva Delta has been recognised as a Ramsar site since 1992, and Hutovo Blato since 2001. Both areas form one integrated Ramsar site that

3128-535: Is a small mountain town in Ulog Valley at the banks of the Upper Neretva river, in the heart of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina Dinaric Alps , surrounded with great mountain chains of Zelengora , Lelija , Crvanj and Treskavica . Town is formed by Ottomans , on old caravan road from Mostar via Nevesinje en route to Istanbul . From Ulog downstream of the Neretva river is wide valley named Ulog valley. During

3264-530: Is almost certainly the coldest river water in the world, often as low as 7-8 degrees Celsius in the summer months. First section , Upper Neretva, of the Neretva river from its source at 1,227 m.a.s.l. and headwaters gorge all the way to the town of Konjic is 90 km, flows from south to north-north-west as most of the Bosnia and Herzegovina rivers belonging to the Danube watershed, and cover some 1,390 km with average elevation of 1.2%. Right below Konjic ,

3400-512: Is also better known as the Upper Neretva ( Serbo-Croatian : Gornja Neretva ), and here river flows generally from east-southeast to north-northwest as do most Bosnia and Herzegovina rivers belonging to the Danube watershed, and covers some 1,390 square kilometres (540 sq mi) with an average elevation of 1.2%. Right below Konjic, the Neretva again expands into a third and largest valley which provided fertile agricultural land before it

3536-449: Is discovery of coins from Dubrovnik Republic , as well as a document from 1381 which mentions the clearance of goods in this region. Thus, in Kom worked custom office. At the end of 14th century Kom are still mentioned as a Župa (English: Parish = Bosnian : Župa ). It was rare, because the other noble estates were already called principality. Therefore, the area Kom was continued to be called

3672-673: Is expected to match the environmental conditions from the mid-ecological valence of this fish. In this sense, it is the established continuous and accelerated growth of the population dynamics of pike perch in Jablaničko Lake, a relatively good representation in Salakovačko Lake and the beginning of growth of population in Grabovičko Lake . Parallel with the increase in pike perch is a decrease in endemic indigenous species like European chub also white chub ( Squalius cephalus ), and

3808-474: Is full stećci. Some of them, and there are hundreds, are a true rarity. In the necropolis Sanković, at the Grčka glavica (English: Greece peak ), in the area of Biskup village (English: Bishop ), there are about 115 stećak tombstones. The most famous is the stećak on the grave of Goisava Sanković, from aristocratic Sanković family . Among these decorated stećak, two are decorated with motifs of vines. In Kasići there

3944-584: Is in the Nature Park. Gornje Blato- Deransko Lake is supplied by the karstic water sources of the Trebišnjica River, emerging from bordering hills. It is hydro-geologically connected to the Neretva River through its effluent, the Krupa River , formed out of five lakes (Škrka, Deranja, Jelim, Orah, Drijen). Large portions are permanently flooded and isolated by wide groves of reedbebds and trees. It represents

4080-535: Is included in the Neretva watershed due to a physical link of the two basins by the porous karst terrain. The hydrological parameters of Neretva are regularly monitored in Croatia at Metković . Geographically and hydrologically the Neretva is divided into three sections. Its source and headwaters gorge are situated deep in the Dinaric Alps at the base of the Zelengora and Lebršnik mountains, specifically under

4216-530: Is largest karst river in the Dinaric Alps in the entire eastern part of the Adriatic basin, which belongs to the Adriatic river watershed. The total length is 230 km, of which 208 km are in Bosnia and Herzegovina , while the final 22 km are in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia . Geographically and hydrographical the Neretva is divided in three section. The upper course of

Upper Neretva - Misplaced Pages Continue

4352-404: Is likely that below this carving, probably, a Bogumil was buried. On the second is carved cross which signified that under this stećak is a Christian, while the third stećak have a crescent moon under which, probably, rests a local inhabitant who accepted Islam . The hamlet Račica at the place which is called Gromile, there are two lone stećak. One of them has two podiums, which is very rarely. On

4488-406: Is not yet clearly visible. Salmonid fish from the Neretva basin show considerable variation in morphology , ecology and behaviour. Among most endangered are three endemic species of trout : Neretvan softmouth trout ( Salmothymus obtusirostris oxyrhinchus Steind. ), Toothtrout ( Salmo dentex ) and marble trout ( Salmo marmoratus Cuv.) . All three endemic trout species of

4624-399: Is now complete to receive guests and hikers. Jablaničko Lake ( Bosnian : Jablaničko jezero ) is a large artificially formed lake on the Neretva river, right below Konjic where the Neretva briefly expanding into a wide valley. Rivere provided lot of fertile, agricultural land there, before lake flooded most of it. The lake was created in 1953 after construction of large gravitational

4760-518: Is on the railway between Sarajevo and the Adriatic Sea ), the large Igman ammunition factory and Yugoslav Army barracks. These factors became one of the main reasons for the town’s conflict in the 1990s. During conflict in Yugoslavia, Konjic municipality was of strategic importance as it contained important communication links from Sarajevo to southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Several important military facilities were contained in Konjic, including

4896-407: Is one of the largest rivers of the eastern part of the Adriatic basin. Four hydroelectric power plants with large dams (higher than 15 metres) provide flood protection, electricity and water storage. The Neretva is recognized for its natural environment and diverse landscapes. Freshwater ecosystems have suffered from an increasing population and the associated development pressures. One of

5032-467: Is that the park should be divided in two, where the Neretva should be excluded from both and, in fact, become the boundary between parks. This is a cunning plan of engineers and related ministry in Government Of FBiH and should leave the river available for the construction of three large dams, and give them hope in order to remove the fear of contradiction in the plans for environmental protection in

5168-471: Is the main tributary of the first section ( Serbo-Croatian : Gornja Neretva ) . The Rakitnica River forms a 26 km (16 miles) long canyon, out of its 32 km (20 miles) length, that stretches between Bjelašnica and Visočica to the southeast from Sarajevo . From the canyon, a hiking trail along the ridge of the Rakitnica canyon drops 800 m below, to the famous village of Lukomir . The village

5304-543: Is the only remaining traditional semi-nomadic Bosniak mountain village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At almost 1,500 m, Lukomir features stone homes with cherry-wood roof tiles. It is the country's highest and most isolated mountain village. The village is inaccessible from the first snows in December until late April and sometimes even later, except by skis or on foot. Hydrographically the Middle Neretva section begins from

5440-475: Is the only town in the Upper Neretva. Two largest villages include Ulog and Glavatičevo , with a number of smaller ones, such as Bjelimići, Obalj, Lukomir and other. The Neretva headwaters gorge is actually a broad valley, up to 1 km wide and 20 km long, called Borač. Nevertheless, because of its position among the great mountain chains, in the heart of Bosnia and Herzegovina Dinaric Alps , Borač has

5576-436: Is the upper course of the Neretva river. Geographically and hydrologically the Neretva is divided into three sections. The upper course of the Neretva river is simply called the Upper Neretva ( Bosnian : Gornja Neretva ) , and includes a vast area around the Neretva , numerous streams and well-springs, three major glacial lakes near the river (and even more lakes, outside the municipality of Konjic, scattered across

Upper Neretva - Misplaced Pages Continue

5712-478: The Adriatic Sea . The Neretva river rises beneath the mountain saddle known as Gredelj. Spring of the river Neretva consists of five individual well-springs on the forested and steep slopes of Gredelj ridge . They are difficult to access and even harder to find in a very thick forest. For many years place exists at the border of the oldest National Park in Bosnia and Herzegovina, NP Sutjeska with its primeval forest Perućica , but itself never protected. Konjic

5848-399: The Bosnian war , Ulog was suffered extensive destruction from Serb forces, and its civilian population, mostly Bosnian Muslims and some Croats , were completely annihilated, though town and its surrounding never saw significant, if any, battles or military confrontation. Glavatičevo is a small village in Bosnia and Herzegovina . The village is located 30 kilometers away from Konjic in

5984-411: The Dinaric Alps at the base of the Zelengora and Lebršnik mountains under the village Jabuka and the saddle Gredelj . The Neretva headwaters run in undisturbed rapids and waterfalls, carving steep gorges reaching 600–800 meters in depth through this remote and rugged limestone terrain. The upper course of Neretva , Upper Neretva ( Bosnian : Gornja Neretva ) has water of Class I purity and

6120-456: The Dinaric Alps in the entire eastern part of the Adriatic basin, which belongs to the Adriatic river watershed. The total length is 230 km (140 mi), of which 208 km (129 mi) are in Bosnia and Herzegovina , while the final 22 km (14 mi) are in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia . The municipality of Konjic includes at least half of the area of the Upper Neretva ( Bosnian : Gornja Neretva ) , which

6256-512: The Dinaric Alps region, especially regarding its diverse ecosystems and habitats , flora and fauna , cultural and historic heritage. Its name has been suggested to come from the Indo-European root *ner, meaning "to dive". The same root is seen in the Serbo-Croatian root "roniti". The Neretva flows through Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia before reaching the Adriatic Sea . It is

6392-1065: The Gornji and Donji Krupac , the Ljuta-Dindolka , the Jesenica , the Bjelimićka Rijeka , the Slatinica , the Račica , the Rakitnica , the Konjička Ljuta , the Trešanica , the Neretvica flow into the Neretva from the right, while the Jezernica , the Živašnica (also Živanjski Potok ), the Ladjanica , the Župski Krupac , the Bukovica , the Šištica with its Šištica Waterfall , the Konjička Bijela flow into it from

6528-448: The Gredelj saddle. The river source is at 1,227 meters above sea level and consists of five small and distinct wellsprings. On its 90 kilometers course through the first section the Neretva cuts two distinct deep and narrow canyons and two distinct wide and fertile valleys, around Ulog and then Župa Komska , wider area around Glavatičevo , before it reaches town of Konjic . This section

6664-712: The Neretva indigenous , autochthonal ichthyofauna . Salmonids fishes from the Neretva basin show considerable variation in morphology , ecology and behaviour. The Neretva also has many other endemic and fragile life forms that are near extinction . Among most endangered are three endemic species of the Neretva trout : Neretvan Softmouth trout ( Bosnian : Neretvanska mekousna pastrmka ) ( Salmothymus obtusirostris oxyrhinchus Steind.) , Toothtrout ( Bosnian : Zubatak also Bosnian : Zubara ) ( Salmo dentex ) and Marble trout ( Bosnian : Glavatica also known as Bosnian : Gonjavac ) ( Salmo marmoratus Cuv.) . All three endemic trout species of

6800-637: The Neretva briefly expanding into a wide valley which provides fertile agricultural land. There exists the large Jablaničko Lake , artificially formed after construction of a dam near Jablanica . Second section begins from the confluence of the Neretva and the Rama river between Konjic and Jablanica where the Neretva suddenly takes a southern course and enters the largest canyons of its course, running through steep slopes of magnificent mountains of Prenj , Čvrsnica and Čabulja reaching 80–1,200 m (260–3,940 ft) in depth. From here Neretva flows toward

6936-585: The Neretva river, called the Upper Neretva ( Bosnian : Gornja Neretva ) , includes vast area around the Neretva , numerous streams and well-springs, three major glacial lakes near the very river and even more scattered across the mountains of Treskavica and Zelengora in wider area of the Upper Neretva, mountains, peaks and forests, flora and fauna of the area. All this natural heritage together with cultural heritage of Upper Neretva, representing rich and valuable resources of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Europe . The Neretva springs are situated deep in

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7072-472: The Prenj mountain, on the left. Although these streams are of low outflow, there are also numerous wellsprings rising on both sides of the canyon at the river banks, with high-capacity discharge. Three large hydroelectric power stations operate in this section of the Neretva, between Jablanica and Mostar , namely Grabovica HPP , Salakovac HPP and Mostar HPP . Jablanica lake is a large artificial lake on

7208-535: The Tara canyon in Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby Montenegro , to remain untouched and unspoiled, hopefully protected too. Moreover, the same Government Of FBiH preparing a parallel plan to form a huge National Park which include entire region of Gornja Neretva (English: Upper Neretva ) , and within Park those three hydroelectric power plants , which is unheard in the history of environmental protection . The latest idea

7344-1038: The Trebižat flow into the Neretva from the right, while the Jezernica, the Živanjski Potok (also known as the Živašnica), the Lađanica , the Krupac , the Bukovica , the Šištica with its Šištica Waterfall , the Bijela , the Idbar , the Glogošnica , the Mostarska Bijela , the Buna , the Bregava , and the Krupa flow into it from the left. Towns and villages on the Neretva include Ulog , Glavatičevo , Konjic , Čelebići , Ostrožac, Jablanica , Grabovica, Drežnica, Bijelo polje , Vrapčići, Mostar , Buna village ,

7480-515: The karst eco-region is greater than 10% of the total number of fish species. Numerous species of fish that inhabited this area live in very narrow and limited areal and are vulnerable , so they are included on the Red List of endangered fish and the IUCN -2006. Upper Neretva inhabits three endemic and endangered species of fish. All of the endemic of Upper Neretva are rare and endangered trouts ,

7616-471: The 12th century until the arrival of the Ottoman empire , was very important for medieval Bosnian Kingdom , apart from the military significant, also, both economically and culturally. Komska Župa (English: Parish = Bosnian : Župa ), or area of the current Glavatičevo at that time was a very important road junction. For securing crossing over the Neretva river, near Glavatičevo has built town of Gradac with

7752-605: The 12th century, as part of the otherwise largely fictive text, "Ljetopis popa Dukljanina" by pop Dukljanin (English: "Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja" ) . A lot of trading have been happening in Komska Župa at the time. Dubrovnik Republic ( also Republic of Ragusa ) had a leading role in this. 15 May 1391 Vojvoda (English: Duke = Bosnian : Vojvoda ) Radić Sanković issued Charter to Dubrovnik merchants that can trade on its territory, including Komsku Župu. As proof of this trading

7888-588: The 12th century, the stećci reached their peak in the late 14th to 15th centuries, before dying away during the Ottoman occupation. Their most remarkable feature is their decorative motifs, many of which remain enigmatic to this day. Although its origins are within the Bosnian Church , all evidence points to the fact that stećci were erected in due time by adherents of the Serbian Orthodox and Roman Catholic Bosnians alike. District Komska Župa or Glavatičevo,

8024-709: The Adriatic river basin species of fish inhabit the Neretva, the Ombla, the Trebišnjica, the Morača Rivers and their tributaries, and more than 30 are endemic. A pike perch ( Sander lucioperca Linnaeus 1758) (also see Sander (genus) ) population in the Neretva River watershed was observed in 1990 for the first time. The Rama River, a right tributary of the Neretva, and its Rama Lake received an unknown quantity of this allochthonous species. Population estimates have increased in

8160-679: The Delalić case the ICTY sentenced camp deputy commander Hazim Delić , guard Esad Landžo , and commander Zdravko Mucić 20 years, 15 years and 7 years respectively for their roles in the crimes committed at the camp while Zejnil Delalić was acquitted. In 2017, Bosnian prosecutors charged former members of the Bosnian Army with crimes against humanity against Serbs, with the aim of expelling them from Konjic and surrounding villages in May 1992. The Stara Ćuprija bridge

8296-534: The Grabovica stream with its eponymous canyon and historical village, from the right side. Further downstream two much larger vales appear again on each side, first on the right the stream of Drežanka and its large and steep valley, with two eponymous villages, Donja (Lower) and Gornja (Upper) Drežnica, and than Mostarska Bijela , as one of the most pristine vales in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with its eponymous uniquely characteristic subterranean stream, embedded deep into

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8432-714: The Igman arms and ammunition factory, the JNA Ljuta barracks, the Reserve Command Site of the JNA, the Zlatar communications and telecommunications centre, and the Celebici barracks and warehouses. Although the Konjic municipality did not have a majority Serb population and was not part of the declared "Serb autonomous regions", in March 1992, the self-styled "Serb Konjic Municipality" adopted

8568-408: The Konjic is believed to have been settled up to 4,000 years ago, and settlements around 2,000 years ago by Illyrian tribes travelling upstream along the Neretva river have been found. Konjic was earliest recorded by name in the records of the Republic of Ragusa on 16 June 1382. The town, part of the Bosnian kingdom , was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire , of which the lasting feature for

8704-485: The Neretva accumulation lakes. This fact confirms previous scientific assumptions of Škrijelj (1991, 1995), who predicted the possibility of pike perch displacement (migration) from Ramsko Lake to the Rama River and then further downstream to the river and its lakes. In 1990 the perch population made up 1.95% of the fish population in Rama Lake. Within a decade this rose to 25.42% in the nearby Jablaničko Lake . The fast pace of pike perch population growth and displacements

8840-543: The Neretva are endangered mostly due to the habitat destruction or construction of large and major dams (large as higher than 15–20 m; major as over 150–250 m) in particular and hybridization or genetic pollution with introduced , non-native trouts, also from illegal fishing as well as poor management of water and fisheries especially in form of introduction of invasive allochthonous species ( dams , overfishing , mismanagement, genetic pollution , invasive species ). The benefits brought by dams have often come at

8976-610: The Neretva are endangered, mostly due to the habitat destruction or construction of large/major dams ("large" is higher than 15–20 m; "major" is over 150–250 m). Other problems include hybridization or genetic pollution with introduced , non-native trouts, illegal fishing and poor water and fisheries management. The most endangered cyprinids (family Cyprinidae) are endemic. Especially interesting are five Phoxinellus (sub)species that inhabit isolated karstic plains (fields) of eastern as well as western Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which eventually reach

9112-403: The Neretva basin contain most significant portion of fresh drinking water . The Upper Neretva ( Bosnian : Gornja Neretva ) water is Class I purity and almost certainly the coldest river water in the world, often as low as 7-8 degrees Celsius in the summer months. Dinaric karst water systems inhabit 25% of the total of 546 fish species in Europe. Watercourses of this area are inhabited by

9248-428: The Neretva delta and its smaller tributaries, the ( Norin ) and lake systems of the Neretva delta ( Baćina lakes , Kuti, Desne , Modro oko ). It is considered Vulnerable (VU). The Neretva delta hosts more than 20 endemic species, of which 18 are endemic to the Adriatic watershed, along with three endemic species in Croatia. Nearly half (45%) of the total number of species that inhabit this area are included in one of

9384-520: The Neretva enters third and the largest canyon on its course, running through the steep slopes mountains of Prenj , Čvrsnica and Čabulja reaching 800–1,200 metres (2,625–3,937 feet) in depth. Three hydroelectric dams operate between Jablanica and Mostar . When the Neretva expands for the second and final time, it reaches its third section. This area is often colloquially called the "Bosnian and Herzegovinian California" . The last 30 kilometres (19 miles) of its course forms wide alluvial delta, before

9520-400: The Neretva river, right below Konjic where the Neretva expands into a wide valley. The river provided fertile, agricultural land before the lake flooded most of it. The lake was created in 1953 after construction of a large gravitational hydroelectric dam near Jablanica in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lake has an irregular, elongated shape, and its width varies along its length. The lake

9656-526: The Neretva watercourse, is completely ignored. Such drastic disregard in planning and designing, considering that the facilities of HE Ulog are located on the very line of demarcation of two ethnically based entities, which makes the downstream of the river located entirely in another administrative entity, where all the ecological consequences resulting from the use of Neretva water and the production of electricity will be felt exclusively, introduces, besides environmental, also an ethnic and political dimension to

9792-501: The Neretva watershed and/or coastal drainages of south-eastern Dalmatia . The Neretvan spined loach ( Cobitis narentana Karaman, 1928) is an Adriatic watershed endemic that inhabits a narrow area of the Neretva watershed in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Bosnia and Herzegovina it inhabits only the lower Neretva and its smaller tributaries like the Matica River. In Croatia it is a strictly protected species and inhabits only

9928-445: The Neretva watershed. Also, the government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity has unveiled plans to build three more hydroelectric power plants with major dams (as over 150.5 meters in height) upstream from the existing plants, beginning with Glavaticevo Hydro Power Plant in the nearby Glavatičevo village, then going even more upstream Bjelimići Hydro Power Plant and Ljubuča Hydro Power Plant located near

10064-619: The Roman era. From the Early Stone Age there is no evidence of living in Glavatičevo, although there are signs of ancient inhabitants in wider area. Pieces of ceramics from the Late Stone Age period were found in the sites of Gradac, Lonac and Vijenac near Razići, and sites of Šibenik and Kom near Kašići. Numerous sources confirm that Glavatičevo area and the wider surrounding countryside, from

10200-582: The Serb people in Bradina and Donje Selo. This did not, however, achieve success for the Konjic authorities and plans were made for the launching of military operations by the Joint Command. The first area to be targeted was the village of Donje Selo. On 20 May 1992 forces of the TO and HVO entered the village. Bosnian government soldiers moved through Viniste towards the villages of Cerići and Bjelovčina . Cerići, which

10336-577: The South Slavic Narentines held the region. They were known for piracy and resisted Christianization until they were defeated by the Venetians , and then the Byzantines , at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. Gabela is a rich archaeological site on the Neretva bank, situated 5 km (3 miles) south of Čapljina . Along with notable medieval buildings, remains of Old City walls, and

10472-508: The Trebišnjica River (one of these being in Croatia). These facilities are as follows: There are additionally a number of hydroelectric power station of various capacities on smaller tributaries, such as Mostarsko Blato Hydroelectric Power Station on the Lištica (downstream from HPP named Jasenica), Peć Mlini Hydroelectric Power Station on the Trebižat , and numerous small hydro projects on

10608-634: The Turkish route have been built almost on the same route. During Ottoman rule, there was a vital traffic between Sarajevo and Mostar . How important this road was in the Middle Ages Bosnia, tells us his name: "Džada Mostar", "Great road of Mostar" or "Sarajevo road" . Even the Romans had forts to ensure traffic and the protection of passengers on this rout. During the Middle Ages, except fortifications, along

10744-542: The Visočica mountain, on the Poljica, in a really great necropolis tombstones are two stećak: Vukosav Lupčić and Rabrena Vukić with inscriptions Roman road from Narona (Village Vid at Metković) ran over Nevesinjsko field and Dubrava, and on the location of Velika Poljana, near Lipeta, join with main rout. Solid construction of the Roman roads, making it clearly visible even today, from Lipeta to Vrabča. Milestones found in Konjic at

10880-417: The addition of the Trebišnjica river watershed and in Croatia, 430 square kilometres (170 sq mi). The average discharge at profile Žitomislići in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 233 cubic metres (8,200 cu ft)/s and at the mouth in Croatia is 341 cubic metres (12,000 cu ft)/s in addition to the Trebišnjica River's 402 cubic metres (14,200 cu ft)/s. The Trebišnjica River basin

11016-466: The area and the flooding its very heart, in terms of natural values - the Neretva. Of course, such deception failed, because the concerned citizens from the local community are not given bluff, as well as concerned citizens of whole country, and its particularly strongly opposed by NGOs and other institutions and organizations that are interested in establishing the National Park of Upper Neretva towards

11152-414: The area turned into the National Park of Upper Neretva and would leave the park without substantial development. Since the 2000's, the other entity of Bosnia, Republica Srpska , has developed plans to construct up to eight Hydroelectric power plants, seven small hydroelectric power plants , and one large , namely HE Ulog , on the stretch of the Neretva with high ecological value , which lies within

11288-400: The canyon, at a level of 800 m (2,600 ft) above the river, all the way to the village of Lukomir . Lukomir is the only remaining traditional semi-nomadic Bosniak mountain village in Bosnia and Herzegovina . At almost 1,500 m (4,900 ft), the village of Lukomir , with its unique stone homes with cherry-wood roof tiles, is the highest and most isolated mountain village in

11424-402: The canyon, considered at least beautiful as the Tara canyon in Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby Montenegro , to remain untouched and unspoiled, hopefully protected too. The Government Of FBiH was reportedly preparing a parallel plan to form a huge National Park which would include the entire Gornja Neretva (English: Upper Neretva ) . 40,879 total According to the 1991 census ,

11560-461: The categories of threat and are mainly endemic. The benefits brought by hydroelectric dams have come at an environmental and social cost. The waters of the Neretva river with its two main tributaries, the Rama and the Trebišnjica, are already harnessed by nine Hydroelectric power plants with large dams , four on the Neretva's main stream, one with a major dam on the Rama tributary, and another four on

11696-418: The citadel. Center of the developed area was the old town of Kom, whose ruins are now preserved on the hard viable top mountain ridge above the village Kašići. The whole Župa area was named after the ancient town of Kom, Komska Župa. Kom was a significant military, economic and cultural center of ancient medieval Bosnian Kingdom and aristocratic Sanković family . The first written document on Kom originate from

11832-400: The coldest river water in the world, often as low as 7–8 °C (45–46 °F) in the summer months. The Rakitnica river is the main tributary of the Upper Neretva. The Rakitnica forms a 26 km (16 mi)-long canyon (of its 32 km (20 mi) length), that stretches between Bjelašnica and Visočica to the southeast of Sarajevo . There is a hiking trail along the ridge of

11968-406: The country. Indeed, access to the village is impossible from the first snows in December until late April and sometimes even later, except by skis or on foot. A newly constructed lodge is now complete to receive guests and hikers. Jablaničko Lake ( Bosnian : Jablaničko jezero ) is a large artificially -formed lake on the Neretva river, right below Konjic where the Neretva briefly expands into

12104-608: The disappearance of rare and endemic species like Adriatic Dace also Balkan dace ( Squalius svallize also Leuciscus svallize Heckel & Kner 1858), Neretvan softmouth trout ( Salmothymus obtusirostris oxyrhinchus Steind.) and marble trout ( Salmo marmoratus Cuv.). Pike perch causes clearly visible, negative effects on the autochthonous species in Jablaničko Lake . In Salakovačko Lake these effects are in progress, although less visible, while in Grabovičko Lake it

12240-529: The discovery of ancient Illyrian shipwrecks found in Hutovo Blato, in the vicinity of the Neretva River. After intense excavations in the area of Hutovo Blato in the autumn of 2008, archaeologists from Bosnia and Herzegovina University of Mostar and Sweden University of Lund found traces of an Illyrian trading post that was more than two thousand years old. The find is unique in a European perspective and archaeologists have concluded that Desilo , as

12376-497: The east-southeast and flows for a short leg before it reaches the town of Jablanica. From this point it turns again toward the south and enters the third and largest canyon on its course, running through the steep slopes of the mountains of Prenj , Čvrsnica , and Čabulja , reaching between 800–1,200 metres (2,625–3,937 feet) in depth. This section is characterized by a steep and relatively narrow canyon, and rugged karstic geology and hydrology. Four enormous vale-size rifts appear in

12512-400: The end of May, several groups were transferred to the Čelebići prison camp from various locations. Most of them were civilians. Many were elderly or infirm. From the camp's establishment to its closure, detainees were subjected to murder, beatings, torture, sexual assaults and otherwise cruel and inhumane treatment. Two women who were kept in the camp were also raped. In its judgement in

12648-468: The entity's administrative lines. This stretch consists of around 40 kilometers of the course of the Neretva between its source and the entity boundary at Ljusići village. Opposition to these plans, and ongoing construction of HE Ulog in particular, attracted both domestic and international experts, activists and public, who voiced their opposition with scientific arguments, even taking the issue to European Council . Irregularities in planning and design,

12784-475: The existing plants, beginning with Glavaticevo Hydro Power Plant in the nearby Glavatičevo village, then going even more upstream Bjelimići Hydro Power Plant and Ljubuča Hydro Power Plant located near the villages with the same names; and in addition one more at the Neretva headwaters gorge, near the very source of the river in entity of Republic of Srpska and is strongly opposed and protested by numerous environmentalist organizations and NGOs . who wish for

12920-472: The first shells landed in Konjic town, fired by the JNA and other Serb forces from the slopes of Borasnica and Kisera. This shelling, which continued daily for over three years, until the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement , inflicted substantial damage and resulted in the loss of many lives as well as rendering conditions for the surviving population even more unbearable. With the town swollen from

13056-416: The flawed environmental impact study and the complete absence of research work on the ground related to the geological instability of the terrain, as well as irregularities in the implementation of tenders and the issuance of environmental and construction permits, are particularly noteworthy. In the environmental impact study, the only significant impact, one that should be reflected on the downstream part of

13192-493: The historical town of Blagaj , Žitomislići, the historical village of Počitelj , Tasovčići , Čapljina , and Gabela in Bosnia and Herzegovina; and Metković , Opuzen , Komin , Rogotin , and Ploče in Croatia. The biggest town on the Neretva River is Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The upper course of the Neretva river is simply called the Upper Neretva ( Serbo-Croatian : Gornja Neretva ) . It includes numerous streams and well-springs, three major glacial lakes near

13328-478: The influx of refugees, there was a great shortage of accommodation as well as food and other basic necessities. Charitable organisations attempted to supply the local people with enough food but all systems of production foundered or were destroyed. It was not until August or September of that year that convoys from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) managed to reach

13464-533: The issue. In recent times the Republic of Srpska government finished the project named The Upper Horizons ( Serbo-Croatian : Gornji horizonti ), a large hydroelectric project that diverted underground waters in the Neretva watershed to the Trebišnjica plant and others in the Trebišnjica basin. This project was opposed by NGO's in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. They argued that the project would increase salinity levels of every surface and underground water on

13600-416: The lake's ecosystem. In dense water system network the Neretva holds a significant position among rivers of Dinaric Alps region, regarding its divers ecosystems and habitats , flora and fauna , cultural and historic heritage, but also as Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and most importantly its clean, fresh drinking water . One of the most valuable natural resource of Bosnia and Herzegovina

13736-486: The lake. There are 13 types of fish in the lake's ecosystem. Many weekend cottages have been built along the shores of the lake. The river Neretva and its tributaries represent the main drainage system in the east Adriatic watershed and the foremost ichthyofaunal habitat of the region. Salmonidae fish from the Neretva basin show considerable variation in morphology, ecology and behaviour. Neretva also has many other endemic and fragile animals that are near extinction. Among

13872-471: The largest karst river in the Dinaric Alps in the eastern part of the Adriatic basin/watershed. Its total length is 225 kilometres (140 miles), of which 208 kilometres (129 miles) are in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the final 22 kilometres (14 miles) are in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia. The Neretva watershed is 11,798 square kilometres (4,555 sq mi) in total; in Bosnia and Herzegovina 11,368 square kilometres (4,389 sq mi) with

14008-418: The left. Rakitnica is the main tributary of the first section of the Neretva river known as Upper Neretva ( Bosnian : Gornja Neretva ) . The Rakitnica river formed a 26 km long canyon, of its 32 km length, that stretches between Bjelašnica and Visočica to southeast from Sarajevo . From canyon, there is a hiking trail along the ridge of the Rakitnica canyon , which drops 800m below, all

14144-521: The location is called, was an important trading post of great significance for contact between the Illyrians and the Romans . Archaeological finds include the ruins of a settlement , the remains of a harbour that probably functioned as a trading post, as well as many sunken boats, fully laden with wine pitchers – so-called amphorae – from the 1st century BC. Archaeologist Adam Lindhagen claimed that it

14280-558: The middle of the 4th century, during the invasion of western Goths . Surviving residents did not restore it to its original splendor. The name of Mogorjelo is thought to be derived either from the Slavic word for "burn" (Slavic – goriti) or that at the end of the 5th century the church was built on the ruins of the Villa, and was dedicated to St. Hermagor – Mogoru . In the Early Middle Ages ,

14416-499: The most endangered are three endemic species of Neretva trout: Neretvanska Mekousna ( Salmo obtusirostris oxyrhynchus) , Zubatak ( Salmo dentex ) and Glavatica ( Salmo marmoratus ) . All three endemic trout species of Neretva are endangered mostly due to destruction of the habitat and hybridisation with introduced trouts and illegal fishing as well as poor management of water and fisheries (dams, overfishing, mismanagement). The benefits brought by dams have often come at

14552-409: The most valuable natural resources of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia is its freshwater resource, contained by an abundant wellspring and clear rivers . Situated between the major regional rivers ( Drina river on the east, Una river on the west and the Sava river) the Neretva basin contains the most significant source of drinking water . The Neretva is notable among rivers of

14688-417: The mountains of Treskavica and Zelengora in the wider area of the Upper Neretva ), one artificial lake (Jablaničko), mountains and forests, and native flora and fauna. All this natural heritage together with the cultural heritage of the Upper Neretva, represent rich and valuable resources of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Europe . The Upper Neretva has water of Class I purity and is almost certainly

14824-456: The mountainsides forming canyon walls, two from each side of the river, intersecting with the main canyon almost perpendicularly. The Neretva receives only four small streams in this section, all running through these side vales, which are relatively short. Going downstream from Jablanica, the first two from each side are the Glogošnica stream, its eponymous canyon and small village on the left, and

14960-565: The mouth of the Bijela river, in Polje, Borci village, Kuli, Malom Polju near Lipeta, all mentioning Roman emperors Augustus, Dacija, Tacitus, and Philip Augustus. That means that the Romans constructed these roads sometime in the 1st century and with significant reconstructed during the 3rd century, and continuously used in the Middle Ages as the closest connection from Dubrovnik Republic with trading centers in Bosnia . From Lipeta to Konjic, Roman Road and

15096-509: The municipality. Between 20 April and early May 1992 Bosnian government forces seized control over most of the strategic assets of the Municipality and some armaments. However, Serb forces controlled the main access points to the municipality, effectively cutting it off from outside supply. Bosniaks and Croats began to arrive in the city of Konjic from surrounding villages, while Serb inhabitants moved to Serb-controlled villages. On 4 May 1992,

15232-723: The occupation of Bosnia by the Ottoman empire , a new shelters called hans were built. Hans served for lodging and accommodation of travelers called "kiridžija" and their caravans, but also the trade took place in these hans as well. During the Ottoman rule hans were a form of "bed and breakfast" facilities, to meet basic needs, these were buildings with dining room, rooms for passengers, room for hadžije (English: Hajjis ), shops, stables for horses. 43°30′12.91″N 18°6′17.25″E  /  43.5035861°N 18.1047917°E  / 43.5035861; 18.1047917 Neretva The Neretva ( Serbian Cyrillic : Неретва , pronounced [něreːtʋa] ), also known as Narenta ,

15368-467: The people murdered, imprisoned into a concentration camp in Kalinovik and deported mostly to third countries in a broad ethnic cleansing by Serb para-military forces. Some of the villagers now returning to their land, repairing and rebuilding their houses. The Borač valley ends one kilometer upstream from the entrance to small mountain town of Ulog , where at the same time begins Valley of Ulog . Ulog

15504-426: The population sought to flee and some withdrew to the centre of the village. These people were, nonetheless, arrested at various times around 27 and 28 May, by TO, HVO and MUP soldiers and police. The village of Bradina was burned to the ground and at least 43 or 48 Serb civilians were killed . These military operations resulted in the arrest of many members of the Serb population and it was thus necessary to create

15640-513: The population there either (just a quarter of population in 1991, as the municipality was mixed). Croatian units (known as the HVO) were established and armed in the municipality by April 1992. Following the international recognition of the independent Bosnia and Herzegovina and the walk-out of SDS representatives from the Municipal Assembly a War Assembly was formed to take charge of the defence of

15776-486: The professional and scientific principles and not according to the needs of electric energy lobby . There are a lot of reliable signs and evidences of human life in ancient period of this region. The oldest written record is actually a tombstone from the 2nd century AD raised by Elije Pinnes and Temus, parents of Pinniusu the Roman soldier of the 2.Legion Auxiliary . At the nearby Dernek were found many parts of ceramics from

15912-581: The right bank of the Neretva, damage internationally recognized Ramsar sites , a protected Nature Park Hutovo Blato in Bosnia and Herzegovina, protected Neretva Delta in Croatia, and important reservoirs of freshwater, plus agricultural lands in the lower Neretva valley. During antiquity, the Neretva was known as Narenta, Narona and Naro(n), and was the inland home to the ancient Illyrian tribe of Ardiaei . They became ship builders, seafarers and fishermen. Archaeological discoveries of Illyrian culture dealt both with daily and religious life such as

16048-433: The river and more lakes scattered across the mountains of Treskavica and Zelengora in the wider area, mountains, peaks and forests, flora and fauna of the area. The Upper Neretva has water of Class I purity. Rising from the base of the Zelengora and Lebršnik Mountain, Neretva headwaters run in undisturbed rapids and waterfalls, carving steep gorges reaching 600–800 metres (2,000–2,600 ft) in depth. The Rakitnica

16184-813: The river empties into the Adriatic Sea . Rivers of the Tatinac (also known as the Jezernica), the Gornji Krupac and Donji Krupac , the Ljuta (also known as the Dindolka), the Jesenica , the Bjelimićka Rijeka , the Slatinica , the Račica , the Rakitnica , the Ljuta (Konjička), the Trešanica , the Neretvica , the Rama , Doljanka , the Drežanka , the Grabovica , the Radobolja , and

16320-493: The river flows to just three branches from the original twelve. The marshes, lagoons and lakes that once dotted this plain have disappeared and only fragments of the old Mediterranean wetlands survive. Wetlands, marshes and lagoons, lakes, beaches, rivers, hummocks (limestone hills) and mountains compose the delta, with five protected areas with a total area of 1,620 ha. These are ornithological, ichthyologic and landscape reserves. Dinaric karst water systems support 25% of

16456-410: The small river tributaries like Tatinac, Trešanica, Neretvica and Duščica, with a proposed small hydro on the rivers Doljanka, Glogošnica, and one abandoned on the Idbar . The government of the Bosnia and Herzegovina has unveiled plans to build three more hydroelectric power plants with dams over 150.5 metres in height upstream from the existing plants, beginning with Glavaticevo Hydro Power Plant in

16592-546: The total of 546 fish species in Europe, many endemic . The Neretva River, together with four other areas in the Mediterranean , has the largest number of threatened freshwater fish species. The degree of endemism in the karst ecoregion is greater than 10%. Multiple fish species have small habitats and are vulnerable , so they are included on the Red List of endangered fish as of 2006 . The Adriatic basin has 88 species of fish, of which 44 are Mediterranean endemic species, and 41 are Adriatic endemic species. More than half of

16728-590: The town (apart from the many mosques and bringing of Islamic faith ) is the Ottoman-inspired bridge Stara Ćuprija which features in the town's coat of arms, and later into the Austro-Hungarian Empire . After World War I , the town, along with the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes later renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. During World War II ,

16864-553: The town became part of the Independent State of Croatia , and following the war joined the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Between 1953 and 1979, a 611 square-metre atomic bunker, dug 300 metres into a mountain, known as ARK , was built secretly by the government in the Konjic municipality. The town grew significantly and prospered as a vibrant, multi-ethnic town with good transportation links (the town

17000-481: The town of Konjic, but after the construction of Jablanica Hydroelectric Power Station and flooding of the large fertile valley between Konjic and Jablanica, known simply as "Neretva" since Middle Ages. The new point for hydrographical division became the dam of the Jablanica HPP where there also is a place of confluence of the rivers Neretva and Rama . Here the Neretva river suddenly takes an almost 180° turn towards

17136-518: The town, and all communications links were cut off with the rest of the State. A clear priority for the Konjic authorities was the de-blocking of the routes to Sarajevo and Mostar . This objective required that the Serbian forces holding Bradina and Donje Selo , as well as those at Borci and other strategic points, be disarmed. Initially, an attempt was made at negotiation with the SDS and other representatives of

17272-579: The village of Glavatičevo , then going upstream to Bjelimići Hydro Power Plant and Ljubuča Hydro Power Plant located near the eponymous villages; and another, by the Republic of Srpska, at the Neretva headwaters gorge, near the source of the river. It is similarly opposed by environmental organizations and NGO's, such as Zeleni-Neretva Konjic and the World Wildlife Fund . Meanwhile, Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ,

17408-441: The villages with a same names; and in addition one more at the Neretva headwaters gorge, near the very source of the river in entity of Republic of Srpska by its entity government. This, if realized, would completely destroyed this jewel among rivers, so its strongly opposed and protested by numerous environmentalist organizations and NGO 's, domestic as well as international, who wish for the canyon, considered at least beautiful as

17544-492: The way to famous village of Lukomir . Village is the only remaining traditional semi-nomadic, Bosniak , mountain village in Bosnia and Herzegovina . At almost 1,500m, the village of Lukomir , with its unique stone homes with cherry-wood roof tiles, is the highest and most isolated mountain village in the country. Indeed, access to the village is impossible from the first snows in December until late April and sometimes even later, except by skis or on foot. A newly constructed lodge

17680-429: The way were built settlements. In Ottoman times along the way were made Karaula (English: Watchtower ), with a mission to protect the passengers. Karaula are placed on peaks, canyons and places that are ideal for the attacker and the most dangerous for passengers. Along the road shelters were built for the night sleep and rest of passing travelers. On the Roman road these shelters were called diversarium . With diversarium

17816-508: Was a shop, stable, shelter or barn, blacksmith's shop for repair of wagons and shoeing. After the fall of the Roman Empire , Roman road were neglected. At the time of the Bosnian kings , all the imports and exports of goods going towards Dubrovnik Republic and back. People traveled with caravans and lodged under the starry sky, there were fewer shalters at the time like in Konjic and Vrabč. After

17952-404: Was built between 1682 and 1683 by Ali-aga Hasečić (as shown by a stone plaque at the centre of the bridge). It was built over six slightly pointed stone arches. It is one of the best preserved Ottoman bridges in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The arches were destroyed by the retreating German army in March 1945. The bridge was rebuilt in its original state between 2003 and 2009. The bridge is now proclaimed

18088-440: Was flooded by large artificial reservoir, Jablaničko Lake , formed after construction of a Jablanica Dam near town of Jablanica . The second section begins from the confluence of the Neretva and the Rama between Konjic and Jablanica where the Neretva suddenly takes almost 180° degrees turn toward east-southeast and flows the short leg before reaches town of Jablanica, from which point turns again toward south. From Jablanica,

18224-413: Was preparing a parallel plan to form a large, protected area as a national park which would include the entire region of Gornja Neretva (English: Upper Neretva ) , and have within the park the three hydroelectric plants. The latest idea is that the park should be divided in two, where the Neretva should be excluded from both and would become the boundary between parks. Those who oppose the plan wish to have

18360-471: Was the first shelled, was attacked around 22 May and some of its inhabitants surrendered. The village of Bjelovčina was also attacked around that time. According to witnesses heard by the ICTY, the Serb-populated village of Bradina was shelled in the late afternoon and evening of 25 May and then soldiers in both camouflage and black uniforms appeared, firing their weapons and setting fire to buildings. Many of

18496-410: Was the most important Illyrian ruin. One of the most significant monuments of Roman times in Bosnia and Herzegovina is Mogorjelo . Located 1 kilometer south of the town of Čapljina , Mogorjelo remnants of the old Roman suburban Villa Rustica from the 4th century represents ancient Roman agricultural production and estate, mills, bakeries, olive oil refinery and forges. The Villa was destroyed in

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