The Bregava ( Serbian Cyrillic : Брегава ) is a sinking river in Bosnia and Herzegovina that passes through the town of Stolac . It is a left tributary of the Neretva river.
39-450: The river Bregava and its buildings - bridges, mills and stamping mills over the river - constitutes the backbone of the urban layout of Stolac . It passes through two waterfalls in Stolac, one of which is natural and the other artificial, and continues its way through the shallow and fertile Bregava gorge, leading to Badanj Cave . It is famous for its pure turquoise colour and clean waters, like
78-719: A railway to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The climate of the area is Mediterranean, characterized by mild winters and dry summers, with three times more rain in the rainier than in the drier months, during which the mean precipitation does not exceed 40 mm (1.6 in). The mean yearly precipitation observed is of 1,316 mm (51.8 in). The dominant winds come from the north, north-east and north-west. The average sea temperature (as observed in Neum) ranges from 13 °C (55 °F) in January to 28 °C (82 °F) in July and August. Vegetation
117-902: A consequence of Austro-Hungarian defeat , Neum joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes which would become the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. Under the Karađorđević dynasty , the Yugoslav Government ignored the historical borders twice: in 1929, when the Neum area was included in the Littoral Banovina , and in 1939 when, following the Cvetković–Maček Agreement , it was included in the Banovina of Croatia . Josip Broz Tito 's federal Yugoslavia
156-541: A four-meter high stone cross, despite objections from the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina , which in 2003 designated the whole old town as National Monument. The following year, city authorities started replacing the other wooden crosses with concrete crosses. The Federation Ministry for Spatial Planning ordered the removal of the concrete crosses and the halting of works. This decision has never been implemented. The saga restarted in 2019 when
195-618: A motorway and thus the Croatian bridge must have a high clearance according to the view of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Bosniak political parties. Due to the above, the Republic of Croatia has significantly increased the height of the bridge by adapting it to ships whose dimensions cannot enter the Bay of Neum at all. Today the main freight port for Bosnia and Herzegovina is Ploče (in Croatia) farther north, which has
234-478: A plan to build a new advanced naval base at Neum-Klek by the Austro-Hungarian Navy . General Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf considered fortifying Neum with coastal batteries and torpedo craft to supplement seafront defenses (in order to prevent Italian raids, or worse a large scale Italian landing). The project never got past the planning stage prior to the outbreak of World War I in 1914. In 1918, as
273-519: A rule, they constitute a small group of buildings, one of which is invariably the stamping mill office where deals were struck. Another is the stamping mill itself, with the upper floor used for drying laundry in winter and used for other purposes in summer. These plain, unadorned buildings are purely of a utilitarian nature. Stolac Stolac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Столац ) is an ancient city located in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of
312-603: Is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina , located in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . It is the only town on the Bosnia and Herzegovina coastline, making it the country's only access to the Adriatic Sea . As of 2013, Neum municipality has a population of 4,653 inhabitants, while the town of Neum has a population of 3,013 inhabitants. Neum
351-601: Is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfa " ( Humid subtropical climate ). [REDACTED] Una-Sana [REDACTED] Central Bosnia [REDACTED] Posavina [REDACTED] Herzegovina-Neretva [REDACTED] Tuzla [REDACTED] West Herzegovina [REDACTED] Zenica-Doboj [REDACTED] Sarajevo [REDACTED] Bosnian Podrinje [REDACTED] Canton 10 Neum Neum ( Cyrillic : Неум , pronounced [něum] )
390-479: Is the evergreen Mediterranean type, and subtropical flora ( palm trees , agaves , cacti ) grow in Neum and its surroundings. All demographic data per Statistica.ba website: The linđo is traditionally danced in the Neum region. Neum celebrates the feast of Our Lady of Good Health as its municipal day. As part of the celebrations, Neum hosts the Music Festival Etnofest Neum. The town also hosts
429-436: Is the only town situated along Bosnia and Herzegovina's 20-kilometre (12 mi) coastline, making it the country's only access to the Adriatic Sea . Neum is 47 km (29 mi) northwest of Dubrovnik , 50 km (31 mi) south of Mostar , and 122 km (76 mi) southwest of Sarajevo , the country's capital. The Bosnia and Herzegovina coastal strip of Neum cuts off the southernmost Croatian exclave from
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#1732845053217468-538: The Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina designated Stolac Old Town as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Article 3 of that decision provides that “only research and conservation work and rehabilitation and restoration works, shall be allowed to be carried out, including the works aimed at promoting the National Monument” and “no buildings or any temporary and permanent structures shall be allowed to be constructed and erected at
507-556: The Dalmatian possessions of Venice and the territory of Ragusa , tried to buy back the Neum and Sutorina enclaves from the Ottomans, but in vain. Instead, it stationed a warship to block access to the port of Neum until the Treaty of Berlin , which gave the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Austria-Hungary in 1878. Neum had been under Ottoman control for 179 years. Consideration was given to
546-545: The European route E65 or Adriatic Highway which connects the two parts of Croatia's Dalmatian coast. Neum 1 is located to the northwest of the city, with the Klek border checkpoint on the Croatian side. Neum 2 is located to the southeast, with the Croatian border checkpoint at Zaton Doli . The Neum corridor dates back to the Treaty of Karlowitz of 1699, whereby the Republic of Ragusa
585-518: The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina . It is located in the region of Herzegovina . Stolac is one of the oldest cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World . Stolac is situated in the area known as Herzegovina Humina on the tourist route crossing Herzegovina and linking the Bosnian mountainous hinterland with
624-554: The Neretva river which passes through Mostar . Many natural beaches are spread along the river. The Bregava river also gathers a rich flora biodiversity, wild peppermint, sage, thyme, almond trees and numerous fruit trees (pomegranates, kiwis, plums, grapes...), and fauna living around, butterflies, trout, ducks, numerous diverse birds and water snakes. The Bregava river is a major habitat for an endemic trout species known under its vernacular name as Softmouth trout . Other species inhabit
663-589: The Treaty of Passarowitz , but then the Ottomans , tired of negotiating in vain with Venice for a widening of their maritime access, simply usurped the territory of Gornji Klek and most of Klek from Ragusa, which it had bought from King Dabiša of Bosnia at the end of the 14th century. After the fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797, and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Austrian Empire , which had annexed both
702-682: The Bay of Klek. Since the 1990s, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have been in negotiations on how to handle traffic across the Neum region, including signing a Neum Agreement . When Croatia was admitted to the European Union in 2013, the border crossings in the Neum region became governed as external borders of the EU . The construction and opening in 2022 of the Pelješac Bridge , which bypasses Neum entirely, has significance for Croatia's integrity and also for its future Schengen Area membership and
741-692: The Catholic Church Parish Office of St. Elias the Prophet in Stolac decided to build an additional six crosses to complete the “Stations of Cross.” The Stolac Municipal Council greenlighted the project in November. Mayor Boskovic claims the six crosses fall in the second zone of the protected area and do not desecrate the monument and that the municipality has a positive opinion from the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton 's Institute for Protection of National Monuments. The new construction commenced in early 2020 but
780-905: The Dayton peace treaty, the territory of the 1991 municipality of Stolac was divided between the municipality of Stolac in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the new municipality of Berkovići in Republika Srpska , where most of the Bosnian Serbs from Stolac now reside. Aladinići, Barane, Berkovići, Bitunja, Bjelojevići, Borojevići, Brštanik, Burmazi, Crnići-Greda, Crnići-Kula, Dabrica, Do, Hatelji, Hodovo, Hrgud, Komanje Brdo, Kozice , Kruševo, Ljubljenica, Ljuti Do, Meča, Orahovica, Ošanići, Pješivac-Greda, Pješivac-Kula, Poplat, Poprati, Predolje, Prenj, Rotimlja, Stolac , Strupići, Suzina, Šćepan Krst, Trijebanj, Trusina and Žegulja. Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there
819-523: The EU as a whole. It significantly improves traffic flow and the traffic connection of Dubrovnik to the rest of mainland Croatia, avoiding negotiating long, costly queues at Neum, and strict customs checks twice within the space of 20 kilometres (12 mi). Encouraged by the recent developments in Croatia–Slovenia border disputes (June 2017), the ruling Bosniak Party of Democratic Action (SDA) and other Bosniak political parties decided to obstruct
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#1732845053217858-522: The Illyrians, Romans and Slavs, all of whom left a wealth of anthropological evidence. In 2022, a new modern road of 36 km that connected the heart of Herzegovina with the sea, Stolac with Neum , was completed with support and funding from the World Bank. The road helped the development of tourism between Neum, Stolac and Mostar . The area has been settled for at least 15,000 years, as evidenced by
897-694: The Neum Animated Film Festival. Neum is home to local branches of the cultural organizations Matica hrvatska and HKD Napredak . Popular activities include swimming and sun bathing , beach-going, boating, and various other water-sports. Neum has a water polo club VK Jadran Neum, which is a member of the Croatian Water Polo Federation . There is also an association football club HNK Neum. Neum area has steep hills, stone-sandy beaches, and several large tourist hotels. Neum has about 5,000 beds for tourists, 1,810 in hotels with
936-402: The building of an 8 km-long bypass near the town of Ston and upgrading works on the existing road D414. There are Bosniak plans to convert Neum to a freight port, contrary to the wishes of the local population and international laws and agreements concerning the ecologically significant and protected Bay of Mali Ston , of which Bay of Neum is a part. There are plans to build a seaport, rail and
975-493: The coastal regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dubrovnik, and Montenegro . The road, running from Sarajevo via Mostar , Stolac, Ljubinje , and Trebinje , enables one to reach Dubrovnik in less than 4 hours. Thanks to the town's favourable natural environment, geological composition, contours, climate, hydrographic and vegetation, Stolac and its area have been settled since antiquity. Its rich hunting-grounds along with other natural benefits attracted prehistoric man, and later
1014-498: The construction. The construction cost was €420 million, to which the EU contributed by allocating €357 million from Cohesion Policy funds. The bridge is among the largest infrastructures in Croatia currently and one of the most substantial EU infrastructural investment ever. The work was completed in mid 2022. The EU is also funding supporting infrastructure, such as the construction of access roads, including tunnels, bridges and viaducts,
1053-592: The deceased, and motifs such as grapevines, hunting scenes and wild animals. Five of the Radimlja tombstones are thought to mark the graves of members of the Hrabren Miloradović Vlach family. Containing, in one small area, unique cultural and aesthetic values, Stolac's historic core is an example of a complex cultural-historical and natural environmental ensemble. Nine historical layers compose Stolac's architectural ensemble: pre-history, Illyrian-Roman period,
1092-630: The early 18th century; the bridge in Begovina, most recent of the three stone bridges in Stolac; the Sara Kašiković bridge, built according to its inscription in 1896. This was a privately owned bridge, and had gates to close it off; it is the largest privately owned bridge; the bridge leading to Ada; the small bridge by the Šarić summer residence; and the bridge by the Ali Pasha mosque. Mills : these are of fairly uniform character, without major differences in
1131-564: The early 19th century. They are built of rough-cut stone and are plain and unadorned. Their size is determined by their length, which in turn depends on the number of arches by which the building spans the two banks of the river. The most important of the existing mills are the mill above the Sara Kašiković bridge, the Behmen mill, the Turković mill, and the mills with stamping mills. Stamp mills : these feature mainly in combination with watermills. As
1170-617: The early Middle Ages, advanced and late Middle Ages, Ottoman period, Austro-Hungarian period, and the time of the first and second Yugoslavia. A multitude of various influences on the architecture of the town, in which contrasts and similarities are frequently evident as well as planning and full spontaneity, lend this town a complex image. Despite its unusual history and inclusion into four empires (Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian), three kingdoms (Bosnian, Hungarian and Yugoslav), three world's monotheistic religions - Christianity (Orthodox Christianity and Catholicism), Islam, and Judaism,
1209-601: The historical core of Stolac is still a coherent and harmonious cultural-historical monument with individual properties grown together into one ensemble. During the Yugoslav Wars , a number of monuments were demolished by Croat extremists as part of a campaign of ethnic cleansing, including the town's four mosques, dating from the 16th to 18th centuries, and the Orthodox Church of the Holy Assumption of Christ. In 2003
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1248-517: The markings in Badanj Cave , which experts have dated 12,000–16,000 BCE . Three kilometres west of Stolac is the Radimlja stećak necropolis, dating back to the 15th and 16th centuries, the mainstream belief says that Daorson is 2500 years old, but some geological studies confirm that the ruins below the site date back 7000 years. These stećak tombstones are carved with epitaphs, detailed portraits of
1287-742: The rest of Croatia . This is a result of the Treaty of Karlowitz of 1699. Since 1991 and the breakup of Yugoslavia , the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Neum region have been international borders. The municipality includes the town of Neum (municipal seat) and several villages: Babin Do , Borut , Brestica , Broćanac , Brštanica , Cerovica , Cerovo , Crnoglav , Dobri Do , Dobrovo , Donji Drijen , Donji Zelenikovac , Dubravica , Duži , Glumina , Gornje Hrasno , Gradac , Hotanj Hutovski , Hutovo , Kiševo , Moševići , Prapratnica , Previš , Rabrani , Vinine and Žukovica . Neum has two border crossing checkpoints with Croatia on
1326-546: The river, such as various endangered species of cyprinids , endemics to the Neretva watershed . Endemic fish species of the Neretva river Bridges : the most important surviving bridges on the Bregava are Ćuprija (Inat ćuprija), the oldest surviving bridge on the Bregava, assumed from the style of building to date from the medieval period; Podgradska ćuprija, the second oldest bridge in Stolac municipality, believed to have been built in
1365-567: The site of the national monument unless their sole purpose is to protect and promote the monument.” During war-time HVO control, city authorities controlled by HDZ BiH decided to build 14 crosses marking the “Stations of the Cross” within Old Town Stolac. They started from the Old Town Fortress, ultimately constructing eight wooden crosses. In 2002, they replaced the first wooden cross with
1404-475: The way they were built. In 1664 Evliya Çelebi wrote in his travelogue that there were ten watermills in Dol on the Bregava. In the 18th century Memibegović recounts that the river Bregava runs through Stolac with 180 waterwheels. The oldest known Vakufnama (deed of perpetual endowment) with details of mills was issued for a maintenance endowment dating from 1815, as a result of which the mills can be assumed to date from
1443-669: Was called off due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In February, the Federation Inspectorate ordered the removal of all 14 cross foundations. Stolac Municipality appealed the decision, and on 16 March the Federation Ministry for Spatial Planning annulled the Inspectorate's decision, stating that the first instance body had “wrongly established the factual situation.” Construction of the six new crosses resumed on 29 June 2020. Following
1482-456: Was founded on the principle, declared at the 1943 AVNOJ session in Jajce and comparatively well-respected by the Đilas commission in 1945, of establishing the federative republics in their borders of 1878, which is why the Neum enclave is now part of independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, including most of Klek (Ponta Kleka, Rep Kleka), the two islets Veliki and Mali Školj and the rock of Lopata in
1521-577: Was separated from the Dalmatian possessions of its rival Venice by two buffer zones ceded by Ragusa to the Ottoman Empire to prevent the possibility of Venice invading via land: north of its territory is Neum and the bay of Klek, and south of its territory is Sutorina with the port of Herceg Novi on the Bay of Kotor , part of Montenegro since 1947 (later the topic of the now-resolved Sutorina dispute ). The Karlowitz borders were reaffirmed in 1718 by
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