The ANT-2 was the first all-metal aircraft designed by the Tupolev design bureau. A small passenger plane, it could carry two passengers in a cabin behind the pilot.
55-666: Andrei Tupolev saw the practicality of metal used in aircraft construction. Light metal alloys were more durable than wood and held up better in the severe Russian winters. In September 1922, a factory at Kolchuginsk, in the Vladimir region, approximately 121 km (75 mi) from Moscow, had fabricated a high-grade alloy, named Kolchugaluminum. A special commission was established on 21 October 1922, within Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut (TsAGI) to be headed by Tupolev, charged with developing tests of
110-469: A wind tunnel which led to the formation of an aerodynamic laboratory at IMTU. In 1911, Tupolev was accused of taking part in revolutionary activities, including demonstrations and distribution of subversive literature, and was arrested. Tupolev was later released on condition that he return to his family home in Pustomazovo. Tupolev was only allowed to return to IMTU in 1914, studying during World War I and
165-493: A century of women in flight and to honour Britain's most famous woman aviator. The Lecture is held on or close to 6 July every year to mark the date in 1929 when Amy Johnson was awarded her pilot’s licence . The Lecture is intended to tackle serious issues of interest to a wide audience, not just women. High-profile women from industry are asked to lecture on a topic that speaks of future challenges of interest to everyone. Carolyn McCall , chief executive of EasyJet , delivered
220-505: A door on the side of the fuselage, and the third, left vacant, was the tail elements. The passenger area was behind and below the cockpit, where the pilot was in an open canopy. Similar to contemporary Junkers designs, the aircraft skin was made of corrugated iron sheeting. The engine was a British Bristol Lucifer piston engine which could produce 100 HP. Completion of the first aircraft was in May 1924, with two sacks filled with sand to represent
275-509: A prison to an NKVD sharashka for aircraft designers in Bolshevo near Moscow, where many surviving ex-TsAGI people had already been sent to work. The sharashka soon moved to Moscow and was dubbed "Tupolevka" after Tupolev, its most prominent inmate. In 1940, Tupolev was tried and convicted with a ten-year sentence, and during this time he developed the Tupolev Tu-2 which would become one of
330-450: A triangular cross-section, which proved useful because of the increased strength and rigidity, which reduced the need for fuselage struts to keep the same shape, and added the aerodynamic benefit of avoiding vortex drag under the aft fuselage. The fuselage was divided into three sections: the first gave easy access to the engine for inspection, the second was an enclosed area for the two passengers, who faced each other- with an entrance through
385-507: A unique source of specialist information and a local forum for the exchange of ideas; and to exert influence in the interests of aerospace in the public and industrial arenas, including universities. The Royal Aeronautical Society is a worldwide society with an international network of 67 branches. Many practitioners of aerospace disciplines use the Society's designatory post-nominals such as FRAeS , CRAeS, MRAeS, AMRAeS, and ARAeS (incorporating
440-579: A village near the city of Kimry in Tver Governorate , Russian Empire , the sixth of seven children born to his Russian parents. Tupolev's father, Nikolai Ivanovich Tupolev (1842-1911), was a native of Surgut , who worked as a notary for the governorate. Nikolai had studied law at St. Petersburg University , but was expelled after the assassination of Alexander II for his ties to revolutionaries despite not being involved in their actions. Tupolev's mother, Anna Vasilievna ( née Lisitsyna) (1850-1928)
495-563: Is about the life and works of Tupolev and Igor Sikorsky , the Russian-American aviation pioneer. Prospekt Tupoleva, the main avenue in the Aviatsionny microdistrict of Domodedovo located next to Domodedovo Airport , was named after Tupolev. A memorial mural of Tupolev was painted on the side of the 20 Prospekt Tupoleva apartment building. In 2018, Vnukovo International Airport in Moscow
550-783: Is hosted yearly by the Yeovil Branch of the Royal Aeronautical Society, held at Westland Leisure Complex, and is a key social and networking event of the Yeovil lecture season. It is a black tie event attracting over 200 guests drawn from all sectors of the aerospace community. John Stringfellow created, alongside William Samuel Henson , the first powered flight aircraft , developed in Chard, Somerset , which flew unmanned in 1848, 63 years prior to brothers Wilbur & Orville Wrights' flight. The Wilbur & Orville Wright Named Lecture
605-683: The Buran space shuttle and the Tu-2000 long-range heavy bomber. Tupolev was never a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union despite his status and being elected to several deputy positions. List (partial) of retired or active aircraft designed or made by aviation designer/engineer Andrei Tupolev; incl. both military and civilian planes, jets and other aircraft: Royal Aeronautical Society The Royal Aeronautical Society , also known as
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#1732847890805660-474: The Central Air Force Museum at Monino , outside Moscow, Russia. General characteristics Performance AN Tupolev Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev ( Russian : Андрей Николаевич Туполев ; 10 November [ O.S. 29 October] 1888 – 23 December 1972) was a Russian and later Soviet aeronautical engineer known for his pioneering aircraft designs as the director of
715-813: The Eastern Bloc were named in honour of Tupolev, as well as one in Western Europe, the Tupolevlaan near Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . In 1973, the Kazan Aviation Institute was named after Tupolev, and a monument of him was erected in Kazan in a public square at the intersection of Dekabristov, Gagarin and Korolev Streets. In 1979, a bust of Tupolev was erected at a public square in Kimry, near his birthplace Pustomazovo which no longer exists. Another memorial to Tupolev
770-660: The Emperor Nicholas II Moscow State University of Railway Engineering . Tupolev was accepted at both, but ultimately chose to attend at IMTU. In 1909, Tupolev began studying aerodynamics under the Russian aviation pioneer Nikolay Zhukovsky , and volunteered for the Aeronautical workshop ( Kruzhok ) headed by Zhukovsky. In 1910, together with his workshop friends, Tupolev built and test piloted his first glider . During his workshop days, Tupolev also built
825-504: The RAeS , is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, and Companions of the society can use the post-nominal letters MRAeS, FRAeS, or CRAeS, respectively. The objectives of The Royal Aeronautical Society include: to support and maintain high professional standards in aerospace disciplines; to provide
880-885: The Russian Revolution . Tupolev completed his studies in 1918 and was awarded the degree of Engineer-Mechanic when he presented his thesis on the development of seaplanes . By 1920, the IMTU had been renamed the Moscow Higher Technical School (MVTU) and Tupolev was teaching a course there on the basics of aerodynamic calculations. Tupolev was a leading figure of the Moscow -based Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI; Russian : Центральный аэро-гидродинамический институт; ЦАГИ ) from 1929 until his death in 1972. The Central Design Office or TsKB ( Russian : Центральное конструкторское бюро; ЦКБ ) based there produced bombers for
935-506: The Soviet Air Force and some airliners , which in the years before World War II and especially in his 1930s-era designs, were based partially on the all-metal aircraft design concepts pioneered by Hugo Junkers . In 1925, Tupolev designed a twin-engine bomber, the TB-1 , which was considered one of the most advanced designs of the time. By 1934, Tupolev had led the design bureau that designed
990-454: The Tu-104 , the world's second operational production jet airliner . After Khruschev's removal from office in late 1964 and the rise of Leonid Brezhnev , the ageing Tupolev gradually lost positions at the centres of Soviet power to rivals in the aircraft industry. The prestigious Tu-144 programme enjoyed top level support until 1973, as did the important Tu-154 airliner, but the favored position
1045-557: The Tupolev Design Bureau . Tupolev was an early pioneer of aeronautics in Russia and served as a protégé of Nikolay Zhukovsky . Tupolev designed or oversaw the design of more than 100 types of civilian and military aircraft in the Soviet Union over 50 years, some of which set 78 world records . Tupolev produced many notable designs such as the Tu-2 , Tu-16 , Tu-95 , and Tu-104 , and
1100-557: The Wright Brothers . Although it is unusual for more than one medal (in each of the three grades) to be awarded annually, since 2004 the Society has also periodically awarded team medals (Gold, Silver, and Bronze) for exceptional or groundbreaking teamwork in aeronautical research and development. Others awarded have included the R. P. Alston Memorial Prize for developments in flight-testing, the Edward Busk prize for applied aerodynamics,
1155-567: The reverse engineered Tu-4 . Tupolev was highly honoured in the Soviet Union and awarded various titles and honours including the Hero of Socialist Labor three times, Order of Lenin eight times, Order of the Red Banner of Labour two times, made an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1953, and a Colonel-General of the Soviet Air Force in 1968. Tupolev was also honoured outside
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#17328478908051210-486: The 'Society of Licensed Aircraft Engineers' was incorporated into the Royal Aeronautical Society. The following have served as President of the Royal Aeronautical Society: In addition to the award of Fellowship of the Royal Aeronautical Society (FRAeS), the Society awards several other medals and prizes. These include its Gold, Silver, and Bronze medals. The very first gold medal was awarded in 1909 to
1265-570: The Amy Johnson Lecture and in 2018 Air Vice-Marshal Sue Gray , CB, OBE from the Royal Air Force gave the Amy Johnson Lecture in honour of the 100th anniversary of the RAF. The Sopwith Lecture was established in 1990 to honour Sir Thomas Sopwith CBE, Hon FRAeS. In the years prior to World War I, Sopwith became England’s premier aviator and established the first authoritative test pilot school in
1320-751: The Inaugural Lecture on 6 July 2011 at the Society's Headquarters in London. The second Amy Johnson Named Lecture was delivered by Marion C. Blakey , president and chief executive of Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), on 5 July 2012. The third Lecture was delivered by Gretchen Haskins, former Group Director of the Safety Regulation Group of the UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), on 8 July 2013. In 2017, Katherine Bennett OBE FRAeS, Senior Vice President Public Affairs, Airbus gave
1375-531: The Royal Aeronautical Society formed a group of experts to document how to better simulate aircraft upset conditions, and thus improve training programmes. The Society was founded in January 1866 with the name "The Aeronautical Society of Great Britain" and is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Early or founding members included James Glaisher , Francis Wenham , the Duke of Argyll , and Frederick Brearey . In
1430-414: The Society's Headquarters in London. The 100th Lecture was given by Suzanna Darcy-Henneman , Chief Pilot & Director of Training, Boeing Commercial Airplanes , on 8 December 2011. The 101st Lecture was given by Tony Parasida, corporate vice president, The Boeing Company , on 20 December 2012. The 102nd Lecture was given by Thomas Enders , CEO of EADS , on 12 December 2013. The 103rd Lecture
1485-425: The Society, with the aim of serving the interests of both enthusiasts and industry professionals. Their remit is to consider significant developments in their field through conferences and lectures, with the intention of stimulating debate and facilitating action on key industry issues. The Groups also act as focal points for all enquiries to the Society concerning their specialist subject matter. As of September 2013,
1540-576: The Soviet Union as an honorary member of the British Royal Aeronautical Society and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in recognition of his work. In 2018, Vnukovo International Airport was formally renamed to Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport in his honour. Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev was born on 10 November [ O.S. 29 October] 1888 in Pustomazovo ( Russian : Пустомазово ),
1595-573: The Specialist Group committees are: Aerodynamics, Aerospace Medicine, Air Power, Air Law, Air Transport, Airworthiness & Maintenance, Avionics & Systems, Environment, Flight Operations, Flight Simulation, Flight Test, General Aviation, Greener by Design, Historical, Human Factors, Human Powered Flight, Propulsion, Rotorcraft, Space, Structures & Materials, UAS, Weapons Systems & Technologies, and Women in Aviation & Aerospace. In 2009,
1650-516: The Tupolev Design Bureau enjoyed through Tupolev's personal political connections was largely eclipsed by the Ilyushin aircraft manufacturing and design company. To his contemporaries, Tupolev was known as a witty but crude master of obscene vocabulary who invariably and energetically insisted on fast and adequate technical fixes at the expense of scholastic ideal solutions. A hallmark of Tupolev
1705-451: The UAE. Divisions of the Society have been formed in countries and regions that can sustain a number of Branches. Divisions operate with a large degree of autonomy, being responsible for their own branch network, membership recruitment, subscription levels, conference and lecture programmes. Specialist Groups covering various facets of the aerospace industry exist under the overall umbrella of
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1760-598: The Wakefield Medal for advances in aviation safety, and an Orville Wright Prize. Honorary Fellowships and Honorary Companionships are awarded as well. The Sir Robert Hardingham Sword The Sir Robert Hardingham Sword is awarded in recognition of outstanding service to the RAeS by a member of the Society. Nominally an annual award, in practice the award is only made about one year in two. Notable Gold Medal recipients include: The annual Henson & Stringfellow Lecture and Dinner
1815-522: The best available knowledge and present it in an authoritative and accessible form – a working tool for engineers who might come from other industries and lack the specialised knowledge required for aircraft design. This technical department became known as the Engineering Sciences Data Unit (ESDU) and eventually became a separate entity in the 1980s. In 1987 the ' Society of Licensed Aircraft Engineers and Technologists ', previously called
1870-515: The first aircraft to deliver a nuclear weapon . The Soviet Union had repeatedly asked for B-29s through the World War II Lend Lease program but these requests were all denied by the US. Tupolev succeeded in the complex task of re-engineering the design with Russian engines, weapons, equipment and airfoil sections, while using available metric sheetmetal which required a nearly complete redesign as
1925-417: The first year, there were 65 members, at the end of the second year, 91 members, and in the third year, 106 members. Annual reports were produced in the first decades. In 1868 the Society held a major exhibition at London's Crystal Palace with 78 entries. John Stringfellow 's steam engine was shown there. The Society sponsored the first wind tunnel in 1870–71, designed by Wenham and Browning. In 1918,
1980-458: The following years, Tupolev overcame competition from Vladimir Myasishchev and his M-4 series of jet-powered strategic bombers, to get the Tu-16 design into service. This was in part thanks to Tupolev's close rapport with Nikita Khrushchev , the new leader of the Soviet Union who had denounced Stalin's terror, of which Tupolev had been a victim. At about the same time, Tupolev introduced into service
2035-1144: The former graduate grade, GradRAeS). The RAeS headquarters is at 4 Hamilton Place , London, W1J 7BQ. In addition to offices for its staff the building is used for Society events and parts of the building are available for private hire. Branches deliver membership benefits and disseminate aerospace information. As of September 2013, branches located in the United Kingdom include: Belfast, Birmingham, Boscombe Down , Bristol, Brough , Cambridge, Cardiff, Chester, Christchurch, Coventry, Cranfield , Cranwell , Derby, FAA Yeovilton , Farnborough , Gatwick, Gloucester & Cheltenham, Hatfield, Heathrow, Highland, Isle of Wight, Isle of Man, Loughborough, Manchester, Marham , Medway, Oxford, Preston, Prestwick, Sheffield, Solent, Southend, Stevenage, Swindon, Weybridge, and Yeovil. The RAeS international branch network includes: Adelaide, Auckland, Blenheim, Brisbane, Brussels, Canberra, Canterbury, Cyprus, Dublin, Hamburg, Hamilton, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Melbourne, Montreal, Munich, Palmerston North, Paris, Perth, Seattle, Singapore, Sydney, Toulouse, and
2090-519: The largest aircraft flying in the world at the time, the 63-meter wingspan, eight-engined Maksim Gorki , again built with the Junkers metal structure airframe concepts. In 1937, an improved version of the earlier TB-1, the four-engined TB-3 , made a landing at the North Pole . As the number of qualified aircraft designers increased, Tupolev set up his own office, producing a number of designs designated with
2145-402: The metal's strength and establishing all-metal aircraft production. The design bureau had fifteen engineers, technicians, and draftsmen. The first components made at the bureau were used to train craftsmen in aircraft fabrication using the new materials. The creation of duraluminum was regarded by Tupolev as the Soviet Union's aviation industry's birth. Building the required alloy-working skills
2200-712: The most important aircraft of World War II. Tupolev was released in July 1941 around the time of the German invasion of the Soviet Union to "conduct important defence work" but was not fully rehabilitated by the Soviet state until 1955, two years after Joseph Stalin 's death. Tupolev headed the B-4 project, as it was initially designated, to reverse engineer the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress strategic bomber, which had been
2255-507: The multiple illegal American overflights, mostly with Martin PBM-5 Mariners that had already begun, and the overt threat of nuclear attack. Tupolev had several examples of the resulting Tu-4 flying in time for the 1947 May Day parade. By the time of his rehabilitation on 9 April 1955, Tupolev had designed and was about to start testing his unique turboprop strategic bomber, the Tu-95 . In
Tupolev ANT-2 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2310-486: The organisation's name was changed to the Royal Aeronautical Society. In 1923 its principal journal was renamed from The Aeronautical Journal to The Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society and in 1927 the Institution of Aeronautical Engineers Journal was merged into it. In 1940, the RAeS responded to the wartime need to expand the aircraft industry. The Society established a Technical Department to bring together
2365-418: The original had been built to imperial measurements, while new alloys also had to be brought into production. They used four B-29s which had come down in Soviet controlled territory as references, after having sustained light damage while bombing Japan in 1945. Tupolev's own design for the role had been ignored in the interest of getting the new long range bomber into service as rapidly as possible to respond to
2420-533: The outline of a Tu-144 taking off. Tupolev was married to Yuliya Nikolaevna Tupoleva (née Zheltyakova) until her death in 1962. Tupolev's daughter Yuliya (1920–2011) was a doctor who was awarded the title of Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation. Tupolev's son Alexei (1925-2001) was a successful pioneering aircraft designer who designed the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic passenger jet, and helped design
2475-504: The passengers' weight. The first flight was on 26 May, conducted by Nikolai Petrov. The ANT-2 proved difficult to manage and unstable in flight, but its handling qualities were improved after enlargement of the tail. However, due to material shortages in the USSR, and difficulty in obtaining engines, the project never reached the stage of mass production. A surviving example of the ANT-2 is preserved at
2530-573: The prefix ANT ( Russian : АНТ ) from his initials. However, on 21 October 1937, Tupolev was arrested together with Vladimir Petlyakov and the entire directorate of the TsAGI and EDO during the Great Purge on trumped up charges of sabotage , espionage and of aiding the Russian Fascist Party . Many of his colleagues were executed but Tupolev himself was imprisoned. In 1939, Tupolev was moved from
2585-530: The world. He also founded England’s first major flight school. Between 1912 and 1920 Sopwith’s Company produced over 16,000 aircraft of 60 types. In 2017 the lecture was delivered by Tony Wood, chief operating officer of Meggitt PLC . In 2018 the lecture was delivered by Group Captain Ian Townsend ADC MA RAF, Station Commander, RAF Marham . In 2019 the lecture was delivered by Billie Flynn, F-35 Lightning II Test Pilot, Lockheed Martin . In 2020
2640-485: Was a challenge to Tupolev, TsAGI, and the factory in Kolchuginsk. Trialling the new materials on aerosleighs, boats, and gliders, they developed techniques not used at the time by the leader in the industry, Junkers, but which proved to be at least as effective. The ANT-2's construction was done by TsAGI's AGOS division on floors one and three on 16 Radio Street in Moscow. The design was a cantilever high-wing monoplane with
2695-680: Was born in Torzhok in the family of a judicial investigator, and graduated from the Mariinsky Gymnasium in Tver . Anna's parents purchased the small estate in Pustomazovo where Tupolev was born. After first being educated at home, Tupolev studied at the Gymnasium in Tver and finished in 1908. Tupolev then applied for courses at two Russian universities: Imperial Moscow Technical School (IMTU Russian : ИМТУ ) and
2750-514: Was erected in the estimated location of Pustomazovo in the present-day Ustinovo, north of Kimry in Kimrsky District , Tver Oblast . The local high school in Ustinovo was renamed after Tupolev and a memorial plaque was installed. In 1988, the Soviet Union issued a postage stamp dedicated to Tupolev. The 1979 biographical film Poema o kryl'yakh (Поэма о крыльях) directed by Daniil Khrabrovitsky
2805-529: Was established in 1911 to honour the Wright brothers , the successful and experienced mechanical engineers who completed the first successful controlled powered flight on 17 December 1903. The Wilbur & Orville Wright Lecture is the principal event in the Society’s year, given by distinguished members of the US and UK aerospace communities. The 99th Lecture was given by Piers Sellers , astronaut, on 9 December 2010 at
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#17328478908052860-419: Was formally renamed to Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport. On December 1, 2022, in honor of the 100th anniversary of aircraft designer Andrei Tupolev, his first monument was opened in Moscow . He appeared next to the building of the design bureau on the embankment of Academician Tupolev in the square of the same name. The sculpture is made of bronze and represents the figure of an aircraft designer and
2915-454: Was given by Leanne Caret , Vice President, The Boeing Company and President & CEO, Boeing Defense, Space & Security on 4 December 2018. The 108th Lecture was given by David Mackay FRAeS, Chief Pilot, Virgin Galactic on 10 December 2019. The Amy Johnson Named Lecture was inaugurated in 2011 by the Royal Aeronautical Society's Women in Aviation and Aerospace Committee to celebrate
2970-691: Was given by Patrick M Dewar, executive vice president, Lockheed Martin International in December 2014. The 104th Lecture was given by Nigel Whitehead, Group Managing Director – Programmes and Support, BAE Systems plc in December 2015. The 105th Lecture was given by ACM Sir Stephen Hillier, Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force on 6 December 2016. The 106th Lecture was given by Martin Rolfe, chief executive officer, NATS on 5 December 2017. The 107th Lecture
3025-426: Was to get an aeroplane into service very rapidly, then began an often interminable process of improving the shortcomings of the "quick and dirty" initial design. To his competitors among the Soviet aircraft design community, he was known above all as politically astute; a shrewd and unforgiving rival. Tupolev died on 23 December 1972 and was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Various streets in cities across
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