Misplaced Pages

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91-449: The expedition began with the goal of exterminating domestic rabbits that had been introduced to Laysan island by the guano industry in 1902. Since that time, the rabbits had devoured Laysan's vegetation and led to the extinction of several endemic species. The rabbits were eventually eliminated on Laysan, and the crew witnessed the extinction of the Laysan honeycreeper (ʻapapane). Throughout

182-570: A Hawaiian language department at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa . Ever since, Hawaiian language fluency has climbed among all races. In 2006, the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo established a masters program in Hawaiian, and in 2006, a Ph.D program. It was the first doctoral program established for the study of any pre-contact language in the United States . Hawaiian is the primary language of

273-516: A bonded partner can cause stress and anxiety. This stress can lead to health issues, such as gastrointestinal problems, reduced appetite, and even a weakened immune system. Additionally, the sudden absence of a grooming partner can result in neglected fur, making the rabbit more susceptible to matting and skin issues. Owners should only attempt to bond spayed/neutered rabbits to prevent unwanted pregnancies and as their hormones can make bonding difficult and potentially dangerous. Dogs and cats pose

364-558: A cage, domestic rabbits free-roam. The House Rabbit Society recommends "rabbit-proofing" areas to reduce the risks associated with their intrinsic need to chew. Rabbits are easily litter box trained . Rabbits are social animals and will bond with other rabbits in or around their territory. Rabbit welfare groups encourage owners to make efforts towards bonding rabbits as part of normal socialization, which usually involves carefully supervised meetings between rabbits on neutral territory. This helps minimize territorial aggression and allows

455-589: A food source is recorded as early as the 1st century BC, when the Roman writer Pliny the Elder described the use of rabbit hutches , along with enclosures called leporaria . In Rome, rabbits were raised in large walled colonies with walls extended underground. According to Pliny, the consumption of unborn and newborn rabbits, called laurices , was considered a delicacy . In the Middle Ages , wild rabbits were often kept for

546-640: A form of animal sport between rabbits, began in the 1970s in Sweden and has since become popular in the United States and Australia . When rabbit jumping was first starting out, the rules of competition were the same as horse show jumping rules. However, rules were later changed to reflect a rabbit's abilities. The first national championship for rabbit show jumping was held in Stockholm, Sweden in 1987. Many pet rabbits are abandoned by their owners, especially those purchased as " Easter bunnies ". In 2017, they were

637-480: A house or injure themselves if it has not been suitably prepared, based on their innate need to chew. Accidental interactions between pet rabbits and wild rabbits, while seemingly harmless, are strongly discouraged due to the species' different temperaments as well as wild rabbits potentially carrying diseases. Unwanted pet rabbits sometimes end up in animal shelters , especially after the Easter season . In 2017, they were

728-537: A household pet began during the Victorian era . The keeping of the rabbit as a pet commencing from the 1800s coincides with the first observable skeletal differences between the wild and domestic populations, even though captive rabbits had been exploited for over 2,000 years. The emerging domestic rabbit subspecies, all breeds of which have been derived from the European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ), has been popular in

819-399: A local religion and cultural practices. This new worship centered on the ideas of land ( aina ) and family ( ohana ). Land became a sacred part of life and family. Hawaiian religion is polytheistic , but mostly focuses on the gods Wākea and Papahānaumoku , the mother and father of the Hawaiian islands. Their stillborn child formed the deep roots of Hawaii, and whose second child, Hāloa ,

910-548: A month on Laysan studying the endemic Laysan honeycreeper , a violent and sudden storm ravaged the island. After the storm, the crew concluded that the last three specimens of the honeycreeper had been killed. The second expedition departed Honolulu on May 10. The team visited the island of Laysan , the French Frigate Shoals and the Pearl and Hermes Atoll . The third expedition departed Honolulu on June 9. The team visited

1001-466: A policy of preference for Hawaiian place and street names. For example, with the closure of Barbers Point Naval Air Station in the 1990s, the region formerly occupied by the base was renamed Kalaeloa . While Native Hawaiian protest has a long history, beginning just after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom , many notable protests came during or after the Hawaiian cultural revival. These include

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1092-413: A potential owner. The diet of a pet rabbit is variable and differs from that of wild rabbits, which may have to consume lower-quality food items such as twigs and shrubs to survive. Publications on the care of house rabbits advise various diets based on age in order to ensure the longevity of a pet. Rabbits can live outdoors in properly constructed, sheltered hutches , which provide protection from

1183-587: A race-based government), libertarian activists, (who challenged the accuracy of claims of injustice), and other Native Hawaiian sovereignty activists , (who claimed that the legislation would prevent complete independence from the United States). A Ward Research poll commissioned in 2003 by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs reported that "Eighty-six percent of the 303 Hawaiian residents polled by Ward Research said 'yes.' Only 7 percent said 'no,' with 6 percent unsure ... Of

1274-517: A social media presence and provides law students with summer fellowships. Law school graduates are eligible to apply for post-J.D. fellowships. In 2016, the Department of Interior (DOI), under the direction of Secretary Sally Jewell , started the process of recognizing the Hawaiians' right to self governance and the ability for nation-to-nation negotiation status and rights. This created opposition from

1365-576: A steady growth trend over the century. Some Hawaiians left the islands during the period of the Hawaiian Kingdom . For example, Harry Maitey became the first Hawaiian in Prussia . The Native Hawaiian population has increased outside the state of Hawaii , with states such as California and Washington experiencing dramatic increases in total population. Due to a notable Hawaiian presence in Las Vegas ,

1456-409: A story via its movements and gestures. Hula Kahiko is a traditional style. Its interpretive dance is known for its grace and romantic feel. Dances are accompanied by percussion instruments and traditional chanting . The traditional instruments include the pahu hula , kilu or puniu , ipu , hano or ʻphe hano ihu , ka , pu , oeoe , pahupahu kaʻekeʻeke , hokio , and wi . Dancers add to

1547-562: A threat to rabbits unless trained and properly managed, and will not bond the same way rabbits will with each other. Rabbits are often compatible with birds or guinea pigs , but opinion differs regarding the dangers of housing different species together, and relationships between rabbits and other small animals is also not necessarily bonding. Not all veterinarians will treat rabbits, and pet owners may have to seek out an exotic animal veterinarian for their rabbit's care. Rabbits may hide signs of illness or disease, and literature published on

1638-508: A voyage between Hawaii and the island of "Kahiki" (Tahiti) and introduced many customs. Early historians, such as Abraham Fornander and Martha Beckwith , subscribed to this Tahitian invasion theory, but later historians, such as Patrick Kirch , do not mention it. King Kalākaua claimed that Paʻao was from Samoa . Some writers claim that earlier settlers in Hawaiʻi were forced into remote valleys by newer arrivals. They claim that stories about

1729-591: A young rabbit as well. A group of rabbits is known as a "colony" or a "nest". The word rabbit itself derives from the Middle English rabet , a borrowing from the Walloon robète , which was a diminutive of the French or Middle Dutch robbe . Phoenician sailors visiting the coast of Spain c. 12th century BC, mistaking the rabbit for a species from their homeland (the rock hyrax Procavia capensis ), gave

1820-420: Is coney , while rabbit once referred only to the young animals. Another term for a young rabbit is bunny , though this term is often applied informally (especially by children and rabbit enthusiasts) to rabbits generally, especially domestic ones. More recently, the term kit or kitten has been used to refer to a young rabbit. A young hare is called a leveret ; this term is sometimes informally applied to

1911-504: Is a creole that developed during the plantation era in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, mixing words and diction from the various ethnic groups living in Hawaii then. ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi later became an official language of the State of Hawaii, alongside English . The state enacted a program of cultural preservation in 1978. Programs included Hawaiian language immersion schools, and

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2002-461: Is a self-governing corporate body of the State of Hawaii created by the 1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention . OHA's mandate is to advance the education, health, housing and economics ( Kānaka Maoli ) Native Hawaiians. It relies on ʻohana , moʻomeheu and ʻāina to effect change. OHA conducts research and advocacy to shape public policies. OHA works with communities to share information and build public support for Hawaiian issues. OHA

2093-401: Is a well-studied area in veterinary medicine , owing to the long history of rabbit domestication and the use of rabbits as laboratory animals. In pet rabbits, disease is rare when raised in sanitary conditions and provided with adequate care. Rabbits have fragile bones, especially in their spines , and need support on the bottom when they are picked up. In domestic rabbits, a significant concern

2184-550: Is celebrated with canoe races and luaus across the islands. Every June 11 Kānaka Maoli celebrate King Kamehameha day . Kamehameha I was the king who unified the islands and established the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. He was known as a fearless warrior, wise diplomat, and the most respected leader in the history of the Hawaiian monarchy. The holiday is celebrated with parades and lei draping ceremonies, where Kānaka Maoli bring lei (flower necklaces) to King Kamehameha statues located across

2275-399: Is determined as the point at which the production rate of spermatozoa stops increasing, which ranges based on the size of the breed: 4–5 months for small breeds (e.g., Mini Rex, Netherland Dwarf), 4–6 months for medium-sized breeds (e.g., Rex, New Zealand), and 5–8 months for large breeds (e.g., Flemish Giant). Bucks usually require more time to sexually mature than does. Rabbit health

2366-989: Is not required or possible for these diseases in all jurisdictions. As of 2017, there were at least 305 breeds of domestic rabbit in 70 countries around the world. The American Rabbit Breeders Association currently recognizes 52 rabbit breeds and the British Rabbit Council recognizes 106. Selective breeding has produced rabbits ranging in size from dwarf to giant. Across the world, rabbits are raised as livestock (in cuniculture ) for their meat, pelts, and wool, and also by fanciers and hobbyists as pets. Rabbits have been selectively bred since ancient times to achieve certain desired characteristics. Variations include size and body shape, coat type (including hair length and texture), coat color, ear carriage (erect or lop ), and ear length. As with any animal, domesticated rabbits' temperaments vary in such factors as energy level and novelty seeking. Many genetic defects in

2457-480: Is reinforced by the cultivation of taro , a plant that is said to be the manifestation of Hāloa. The represents the deep roots that tether Hawaiians to the islands, as well as symbolizing the branching networks that Hawaiian people created. Hula is one of Hawai'is best-known indigenous artforms. Traditionally, hula was a ritualistic dance performed to honor the gods and goddesses. Hula is typically categorized as either Hula Kahiko or Hula ʻAuana . Each hula tells

2548-509: Is that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaii in the 3rd century from the Marquesas by travelling in groups of waka , and were followed by Tahitians in AD 1300, who conquered the original inhabitants. Another is that a single, extended period of settlement populated the islands. Evidence for Tahitian conquest include the legends of Hawaiʻiloa and the navigator-priest Paʻao , who is said to have made

2639-585: Is that they will gnaw on almost anything, including electrical cords (possibly leading to electrocution ), potentially poisonous plants, and material like carpet and fabric that may cause life-threatening intestinal blockages . Domestic practices that are associated with adverse health effects in rabbits include spaying females, declawing , and improper housing leading to sore hocks and stress . Domestic rabbits, like wild rabbits, are also susceptible to viral diseases such as myxomatosis , rabbit hemorrhagic disease , and West Nile virus , and vaccination

2730-520: Is the Lūʻau . A lūʻau is a traditional Hawaiian banquet, commonly featuring foods such as poi , poke , lomi-lomi salmon , kalua pig , haupia , and entertainment such as ukulele music and hula. One of the most important holidays is Prince Kuhio Day . Celebrated every year since 1949 on his birthday (March 26), the holiday honors Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole , a Congressman who succeeded in helping Native Hawaiian families become landowners. It

2821-423: Is the god from whom all Hawaiians originate. Hawaiian culture is caste -oriented, with specific roles based on social standing. Caste roles are reflected in how land was controlled. Each island was divided into moku , which were given to people of high standing and kept within the family. Each moku was split into smaller ahupua'a , each of which extended from the sea to the top of the nearest mountain. This

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2912-584: The American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA), which recognizes 52 breeds in its Standard of Perfection 2021–2025 . However, rabbit shows have been organized by various groups since at least the 19th century. Show rabbits are judged based on physical conformation to a published breed standard, and may separately include a behavioral or "showmanship" assessment. Important criteria in rabbit judging include coat condition, body shape, ear length and toenail condition. Rabbit show jumping,

3003-640: The Americas . The current 293,000 include dual lineage Native Hawaiian and mixed lineage/multi-racial people. This was the highest number of any Kānaka Maoli living on the island until 2014, a period of almost 226 years. This long spread was marked by an initial die-off of 1-in-17, which would gradually increase to almost 8–10 dying from contact to the low point in 1950. The 1900 U.S. census identified 37,656 residents of full or partial Native Hawaiian ancestry. The 2000 U.S. census identified 283,430 residents of Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander ancestry, showing

3094-750: The Apology Resolution , which had previously passed Congress. This resolution "apologizes to Kānaka Maoli on behalf of the people of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii". In the early 2000s, the Congressional delegation of the State of Hawaiʻi introduced the Native Hawaiian Federal Recognition Bill (Akaka bill), an attempt to recognize and form a Native Hawaiian government entity to negotiate with state and federal governments. The bill would establish, for

3185-608: The Indigenous Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands . Hawaii was settled at least 800 years ago by Polynesians who sailed from the Society Islands . The settlers gradually became detached from their homeland and developed a distinct Hawaiian culture and identity in their new home. They created new religious and cultural structures, in response to their new circumstances and to pass knowledge from one generation to

3276-656: The Kalama Valley protests , the Waiāhole-Waikāne struggle , the Kahoolawe island protests, and protests over the presence and management of astronomical observatories atop Hawaii's mountains, most notably the Thirty Meter Telescope protests . The Hawaiian language (or ʻ Ōlelo Hawaiʻi ) was once the language of native Hawaiian people; today, Kānaka Maoli predominantly speak English . A major factor for this change

3367-838: The Menehune , little people who built heiau and fishponds , prove the existence of ancient peoples who settled the islands before the Hawaiians, although similar stories exist throughout Polynesia. At the time of Captain Cook 's arrival in 1778, the population is estimated to have been between 250,000 and 800,000. This was the peak of the Native Hawaiian population. During the first century after contact, Kānaka Maoli were nearly wiped out by diseases brought by immigrants and visitors. Kānaka Maoli had no resistance to influenza , smallpox , measles , or whooping cough , among others. These diseases were similarly catastrophic to indigenous populations in

3458-688: The Nihoa millerbird and named it Acrocephalus familiaris kingi , in honor of Captain Samuel Wilder King . Evidence of an ancient settlement on Nihoa was discovered, along with platforms, terraces, and human remains. On June 22, the Tanager arrived in the French Frigate Shoals and remained for six days, completing the first comprehensive survey of the atoll. The expedition returned to Honolulu on July 1. The fourth expedition consisted of two teams, with

3549-430: The United States and Asia . The Hawaiian sovereignty movement seeks autonomy or independence for Hawaii. In the 2010 U.S. census , people with Native Hawaiian ancestry were reported to be residents in all 50 of the U.S. states, as well as Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico. Within the U.S. in 2010, 540,013 residents reported Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ancestry alone, of which 135,422 lived in Hawaii. In

3640-619: The destructive history of feral rabbits in Australia, domestic rabbits are illegal as pets in Queensland . Rabbits may be kept inside as small pets . Rabbits that live indoors are less exposed to the dangers of predators , parasites , diseases, adverse weather, and pesticides , which in turn increases their lifespan. Cages are generally too small for most rabbits to live comfortably—even laboratory rabbits require significant space and enrichment —and rabbit welfare groups recommend that instead of

3731-654: The 1990s, Hui Mālama (Hui Mālama I Na Kūpuna O Hawaiʻi Nei), a Native Hawaiian group, spent two years petitioning the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for the release of the bones ( iwi ) from seven Hawaiian skeletons originally taken from Nihoa and Necker Island by the Tanager Expedition in 1924. Although the bones were owned by the USFWS, the Bishop Museum acted as custodian. The bones were finally released to

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3822-471: The 301 non-Hawaiians polled, almost eight in 10 (78 percent) supported federal recognition, 16 percent opposed it, with 6 percent unsure." A Zogby International poll commissioned in 2009 by the Grassroot Institute of Hawaii indicated that a plurality (39%) of Hawaiʻi residents opposed it and that 76% indicated that they were unwilling to pay higher taxes to offset any resulting tax revenue loss due to

3913-559: The Hawaiian Sovereignty movement who believed that Kānaka Maoli should not have to navigate US structures to regain sovereignty and viewed the process as incomplete. The outcome ultimately allowed nation-to-nation relationships if Kānaka Maoli created their own government and sought that relationship. The government formation process was stopped by Justice Anthony Kennedy , using his earlier precedent in Rice v. Cayetano that "ancestry

4004-471: The Hawaiian language and incorporate Hawaiian subject matter. These schools are not exclusive to native Hawaiians. Kānaka Maoli are eligible for an education from Kamehameha Schools (KS), established through the last will and testament of Bernice Pauahi Bishop of the Kamehameha Dynasty . The largest and wealthiest private school system in the United States, KS was intended to benefit orphans and

4095-643: The Native American Programs Act was amended to include Kānaka Maoli . This paved the way for Kānaka Maoli to become eligible for some federal assistance programs originally intended for continental Native Americans . Today, Title 45 CFR Part 1336.62 defines a Native Hawaiian as "an individual any of whose ancestors were natives of the area which consists of the Hawaiian Islands prior to 1778". On November 23, 1993, U.S. President Bill Clinton signed United States Public Law 103–150, also known as

4186-403: The United States in a 2015 census. Rabbits as house companions began appearing with frequency in the late 19th century. The most notable documentation is from Beatrix Potter's published diaries and letters. Potter allowed both rabbits to live at least part time in the house with her. "Both were fond of the fire, and one used to lie inside the fender", and one rabbit slept, "under the grate on

4277-403: The United States overall, 1.2 million people identified as Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, either alone or in combination with one or more other races. The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population was one of the fastest-growing groups between 2000 and 2010. The history of Kānaka Maoli , like the history of Hawaii, is commonly broken into four major periods: One theory

4368-619: The United States since the late 19th century. What became known as the "Belgian Hare Boom" began with the importation of the first Belgian Hares from England in 1888 and, soon after, the founding of the American Belgian Hare Association, the first rabbit club in America. From 1898 to 1901, many thousands of Belgian Hares were imported to America. Today, the Belgian Hare is one of the rarest breeds, with only 132 specimens found in

4459-492: The United States' third most abandoned pet. Rabbits are also frequently abandoned or relinquished to shelters due to challenges with rabbit housing, behavioral issues, or simply a loss of interest in the pet. Some of these abandoned pets are adopted and go on to become family pets in various forms. As domestic rabbits have been bred to be docile compared to wild rabbits, they will be less able to care or fend for themselves should they be abandoned or released, or if they escape into

4550-481: The United States' third most abandoned pet. Some of them go on to be adopted and become family pets in various forms. Because their wild counterparts have become invasive in Australia , pet rabbits are banned in the state of Queensland . Domestic rabbits, bred for generations under human supervision to be docile, lack survival instincts, and perish in the wild if they are abandoned or escape from captivity. Domestic rabbits are raised as livestock for their meat, wool (in

4641-623: The act. The bill did not pass. In 2005, with the support of U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye , federal funding through the Native Hawaiian Education Act created the Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law at UH Mānoa William S. Richardson School of Law . The program became known as Ka Huli Ao: Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law. Ka Huli Ao focuses on research, scholarship, and community outreach. Ka Huli Ao maintains

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4732-583: The amended Treaty of Reciprocity that would have damaged Hawaiian trade, and opened up part of 'Oahu for the Pearl Harbor military base. The event was challenged by Grover Cleveland , but was eventually supported by President William McKinley in his Manifest Destiny plan, which harmed indigenous peoples in the continental United States and Hawai'i. The change left Kānaka Maoli as the only major indigenous group with no "nation-to-nation" negotiation status and without any degree of self determination. In 1974,

4823-528: The ascension of Queen Liliuokalani to the Hawaiian Throne in 1891, Sanford Dole created the "Committee of Safety" overthrew the monarchy . This was in part due to the Queen's rejection of the 1887 Constitution, which severely limited her authority. This diminished traditional governance and installed a US-backed, plantation-led government. One reason for the overthrow was over Kalākaua 's unwillingness to sign

4914-707: The carbohydrate requirements. Minerals and vitamins are added during production of rabbit pellets to meet the nutritional requirements of the domestic rabbit. Along with pellets, many commercial rabbit raisers also feed one or more types of loose hay ; alfalfa in particular is used for the growth needs of young rabbits, though it may be too high in protein and calcium for adult rabbits. Common sources of hay for rabbits include bluegrass , brome , fescue , marsh, orchard, timothy , oat and ryegrass . Rabbits are prolific breeders, in part because rabbits reach breeding age quickly. To prevent unwanted offspring, rabbits may be spayed or neutered at sexual maturity. Sexual maturity

5005-853: The care of house rabbits recommends owners to regularly schedule veterinary checkups to identify hidden issues. Works on rabbit care also advise regular nail trimming, coat brushing and items to chew on. Baby rabbits under eight weeks old are susceptible to enteritis , along with gut stasis and bloat . Pet rabbits can often exhibit behavioral problems, including aggression towards humans and other animals, particularly with poor husbandry. Rabbits may or may not react favorably to handling and petting, depending on their personality and how they were raised. Rabbit owners can seek behavioral help through their vets and rabbit behaviorists. Rabbit skeletons are light and fragile in comparison to their bodies, and are susceptible to trauma from falling, twisting and kicking. Improper handling of rabbits can lead to injury both to

5096-603: The case of the Angora breeds ) and/or fur. They are also kept as pets and used as laboratory animals . Specific breeds are used in different industries; Rex rabbits , for example, are commonly raised for their fur, Californians are commonly raised for meat and New Zealands are commonly used in animal testing for their nearly identical appearance. Aside from the commercial or pet application, rabbits are commonly raised for exhibition at shows. Male rabbits are called bucks ; females are called does . An older term for an adult rabbit

5187-629: The city is sometimes called the "Ninth Island" in reference to the eight islands of Hawaii. Several cultural preservation societies and organizations were established. The largest is the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum , established in 1889 and designated as the Hawaiʻi State Museum of Natural and Cultural History. The museum houses the largest collection of native Hawaiian artifacts, documents, and other information. The museum has links with major colleges and universities throughout

5278-695: The domestic rabbit (such as dental problems in the Holland Lop breed) are due to recessive genes. Genetics are carefully tracked by fanciers who show rabbits, to breed out defects. Rabbits have been kept as pets in Western nations since the 19th century. Rabbits can bond with humans, and can learn to follow simple voice commands and to come when called. Rabbits are easily injured by rough handling, can bite when hurt or frightened, and are easily frightened by loud noises and sudden motions, which has caused them to be discouraged for use as pets for children. With

5369-503: The domestic rabbit may also be focused on developing a physique that allows for the safe delivery of larger litters of healthy kits. Optimizing costs and producing feces that meet local waste regulations may also be factors. Hay is an essential part of the diet of all rabbits and it is a major component of the commercial food pellets that are formulated for domestic rabbits and available in many areas. Most rabbit pellets are alfalfa -based for protein and fiber, with other grains completing

5460-457: The effect using ʻuli , puʻili , ʻiliʻili , papahehi , and kalaʻau . Hula ʻAuana was influenced by later Western factors. It is accompanied by non-traditional musical instruments and colorful outfits. It became popularized with tourists and it is this form that is most widely practiced beyond the islands. Ukuleles and guitars are common. The Hawaiian people celebrate traditions and holidays. The most popular form of celebration in Hawaii

5551-721: The elements in winter and keep rabbits cool in summer heat. To protect from predators, rabbit hutches are usually situated in a fenced yard, shed , barn , or other enclosed structure , which may also contain a larger pen for exercise. Outdoor housing arrangements in hutches or unsupervised periods when rabbits are outdoors, even when properly secured, may still pose hazards such as temperature extremes, lack of social interaction between rabbits, and disease from digging in soil. Much like conformation shows for dog breeds and cat shows for pedigreed cats, rabbits can be exhibited at rabbit shows, where they may be judged based on breed standards. Most rabbit shows are organized or sanctioned by

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5642-531: The expedition from Honolulu. The Tanager (AM-5) left Honolulu on July 16 and joined up with the Whippoorwill to complete the survey. From July 27 to August 5, the expedition surveyed Wake Island and named its islets: The southwest islet was named after Charles Wilkes who had led the United States Exploring Expedition in 1841 and determined the location of Wake Island. The northwest islet

5733-474: The expedition, new species were discovered and named, and unique specimens were captured and returned to laboratories for further study. Over 100 archaeological sites were found, including ancient religious sites and prehistoric settlements on Nihoa and Necker Island . The first expedition departed Honolulu on April 4, 1923, and returned on May 4. The team visited the island of Laysan , Pearl and Hermes Atoll , Midway Atoll , and Kure Atoll . When they spent

5824-476: The first departing Honolulu on July 7. Destinations included Johnston Atoll and Wake Island . The first team left on the Whippoorwill (AM-35) , which made the first survey of Johnston Island in the 20th century. Aerial survey and mapping flights over Johnston were conducted with a Douglas DT -2 floatplane carried on her fantail, which was hoisted into the water for take off. Two destroyer convoys accompanied

5915-459: The first time, a formal political and legal relationship between a Native Hawaiian entity and the US government. Proponents consider the legislation to be an acknowledgement and partial correction of past injustices. They included Hawaiʻi's Congressional delegation, as well as former Governor Linda Lingle . Opponents include the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights , (who doubted the constitutionality of creating

6006-477: The genetics of coat color and hair properties. In the biomedical research community and the pharmaceutical industry, rabbit genetics are important in model organism research, in vitro fertilization , and toxicity testing. The meat industry mainly relies on genetics for feed conversion ratios and reproduction potential in rabbits. The rabbit genome has been sequenced and is publicly available. The mitochondrial DNA has also been sequenced. In 2011, parts of

6097-555: The group, and in November, 1997, Hui Mālama chartered a yacht and travelled to Nihoa and Necker to rebury the remains . Domestic rabbit The domestic rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus ) is the domesticated form of the European rabbit , a member of the lagomorph order. A male rabbit is known as a buck, a female as a doe, and a young rabbit as a kit . There are hundreds of rabbit breeds , originating from all over

6188-492: The hot ashes when the fire had gone out." The publication of Marinell Harriman's House Rabbit Handbook: How to Live with an Urban Rabbit in 1985 was another significant push towards the popularization of rabbits as indoor pets. The study of rabbit genetics is of interest to fanciers, the fiber and fur industry, medical researchers, and the meat industry . Among rabbit fanciers, the genetics of rabbit health and diversity are paramount. The fiber & fur industry focuses on

6279-433: The hunt. Monks in southern France were crossbreeding rabbits at least by the 12th century AD. This was thought to have occurred as early as 600 AD in order to provide a 'meat substitute' for the monks during lent , which is a Christian observance in which one must refrain from eating meat. Domestication was probably a slow process that took place from the Roman period (or earlier) until the 1500s, around which point rabbit

6370-407: The island chief. In contrast to the European system of feudalism , Hawaiian peasants were never bound to the land and were free to move as they chose. Kānaka Maoli refer to themselves as kama'aina , a word meaning "people of the land", because of their connection to and stewardship of the land. It was also part of the spiritual belief system that attributes their origin to the land itself. This

6461-467: The islands and drape them from his cast bronze arms and neck to honor his contributions to the people of Hawaiʻi. Native Hawaiian culture underwent a renaissance beginning in the 1970s. It was in part triggered by the 1978 Hawaiʻi State Constitutional Convention , held 200 years after the arrival of Captain Cook. At the convention, state government committed itself to the study and preservation of Hawaiian culture, history, and language. Hawaiian culture

6552-470: The islands of Necker , Nihoa , and the French Frigate Shoals . An attempt was also made to visit Kaula . Tanager arrived at Nihoa on June 10 and dropped off scientists for a ten-day visit and moved on to Necker the following day to drop off a second team. Both teams used radio to keep in constant communication between the two islands. On Nihoa, botanist Edward Leonard Caum collected the first specimen of Amaranthus brownii and Alexander Wetmore discovered

6643-454: The like, even in jurisdictions where animals are not legal as prizes in fairground games . There are many humane societies , animal shelters , and rescue groups that have rabbits available for pet adoption . Fancy rabbit breeds are often purchased from pet stores, private breeders, and fanciers. Breed availability varies based on geographic distribution, with some breeds being more popular in different countries or regions. Because of

6734-546: The location of color bands on the hair shaft (e.g., silvering). As a refinement of the diet of the wild rabbit, the diet of the domestic rabbit is often a function of its purpose. Show rabbits are fed for vibrant health, strong musculoskeletal systems, and—like rabbits intended for the fur trade—optimal coat production and condition. Rabbits intended for the meat trade are fed for swift and efficient production of flesh, while rabbits in research settings have closely controlled diets for specific goals. Nutritional needs of

6825-633: The needy, with preference given to Kānaka Maoli . The schools educate thousands of children of native Hawaiian children ancestry and offers summer and off-campus programs not restricted by ancestry. KS practice of accepting primarily gifted students , has been controversial in the native Hawaiian community. Many families feel that gifted students could excel anywhere, and that the Hawaiian community would be better served by educating disadvantaged children to help them become responsible community contributors. Many Kānaka Maoli attend public schools or other private schools. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)

6916-570: The next. Hence, the Hawaiian religion focuses on ways to live and relate to the land and instills a sense of community. The Hawaiian Kingdom was formed in 1795, when Kamehameha the Great , of the then-independent island of Hawaiʻi , conquered the independent islands of Oʻahu , Maui , Molokaʻi , and Lānaʻi to form the kingdom. In 1810, Kauaʻi and Niʻihau joined the Kingdom, the last inhabited islands to do so. The Kingdom received many immigrants from

7007-575: The rabbit and the owner. Rabbits also have needs that differ from other common household pets, which can lead to poor quality of life for the animal if their owners are unaware of these needs and often results in rabbits being returned to animal shelters. Inappropriate treatment of a rabbit can include inadequate diet, housing, or socialization. Rabbits also have a body language that is more subtle than that of common domestic pets, such as cats and dogs , and compared to these species are prey animals rather than predators, which poses different challenges to

7098-608: The rabbit genome were re-sequenced in greater depth in order to expose variation within the genome. There are 7 main color gene groups (or loci) in rabbits, with an additional 4 uncommon loci that are often breed specific; many other genes exist that influence coat color to a lesser degree. A rabbit's coat has either two pigments (pheomelanin for yellow, and eumelanin for dark brown) or no pigment (for an albino rabbit). Clusters of color genes plus their modifiers control such aspects as coat patterns (e.g. Dutch or English markings), color hues and their intensity or dilution, and

7189-492: The rabbits to establish a hierarchy. Over time, rabbits learn to tolerate each other's presence, form a social bond, and engage in vital social behaviors such as grooming, playing, and snuggling. During bonding, as rabbits become more comfortable with each other's presence, they often engage in mutual grooming sessions. When rabbit bonds break, it can have detrimental effects on their physical and emotional well-being. Rabbits are highly social animals, and sudden separation from

7280-514: The region the name i-shepan-ham (land or island of hyraxes). The spread of the European rabbit from its native range of the Iberian Peninsula is linked to the deliberate introduction of the species to Africa by the Phoenicians around this time period, followed by later introductions to the regions of Italy , England , and Ireland by various seafaring groups. The captivity of rabbits as

7371-525: The residents of Niʻihau . Alongside 'Ōlelo Hawai'i , some Maoli spoke the little studied Hawai'i Sign Language. In Hawaii, the public school system is operated by the Hawaiʻi State Department of Education rather than local school districts. Under the administration of Governor Benjamin J. Cayetano from 1994 to 2002, the state's educational system established Hawaiian language immersion schools. In these schools, all courses are taught in

7462-479: The right guidance, rabbits can be trained to live indoors. Rabbits are especially popular as pets in the United States during the Easter season, due to their association with the holiday. However, animal shelters that accept rabbits often complain that during the weeks and months following Easter, there is a rise in unwanted and neglected rabbits that were bought as Easter gifts, especially for children. Similar problems arise in rural areas after county fairs and

7553-443: The wild. Rabbits have been kept as livestock since ancient times for their meat, and in modern times have been raised for wool, fur, and use in scientific research as laboratory animals . Native Hawaiian Native Hawaiians (also known as Indigenous Hawaiians , Kānaka Maoli , Aboriginal Hawaiians , or simply Hawaiians ; Hawaiian : kānaka , kānaka ʻōiwi , Kānaka Maoli , and Hawaiʻi maoli ) are

7644-561: The world to facilitate research. The Polynesian Voyaging Society reignited interest in Polynesian sailing techniques, both in ship construction and in instrument-free navigation. The Society built multiple double-hulled canoes, beginning with Hōkūleʻa and followed by Makali'i, Alingano Maisu, and Mo‘okiha O Pi‘ilani. The canoes and their worldwide voyages contributed to the renewal and appreciation of Hawaiian culture. Native Hawaiian culture grew from their Polynesian roots, creating

7735-477: The world. Rabbits were first domesticated and used for their food and fur by the Romans . Rabbits may be housed inside, but the idea of the domestic rabbit as a house companion, a so-called house rabbit (similar to a house cat ), was only strongly promoted starting with publications in the 1980s. Rabbits can be trained to use a litter box and taught to come when called , but they require exercise and can damage

7826-474: Was a meat served as a luxury. In the 19th century, as animal fancy in general began to emerge, rabbit fanciers began to sponsor rabbit exhibitions and fairs in Western Europe and the United States. Breeds of various domesticated animals were created and modified for the added purpose of exhibition , a departure from the breeds that had been created solely for food, fur, or wool . The rabbit's emergence as

7917-415: Was an 1896 law that required that English "be the only medium and basis of instruction in all public and private schools". This law excluded the Hawaiian language from schools. In spite of this, some Kānaka Maoli (as well as non- Kānaka Maoli ) learned ʻŌlelo Hawaii . As with other Hawaii locals, Kānaka Maoli typically speak Hawaiian Creole English (referred to locally as Pidgin ) in daily life. Pidgin

8008-427: Was given control over certain public lands, and acquired other land-holdings for the provision of housing, supporting agriculture, and supporting cultural institutions. The lands initially given to OHA were originally crown lands of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, which had gone through various forms of public ownership since the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. In 1893, during the Hawaiian rebellions of 1887–1895 and after

8099-653: Was introduced into Hawaiʻi's public schools, teaching Hawaiian art, lifestyle, geography, hula, and Hawaiian language. Intermediate and high schools were mandated to teach Hawaiian history to all their students. Many aspects of Hawaiian culture were commercialized to appeal to visitors from around the world. This includes hula, use of the word "Aloha", lei , and the assimilation of Hawaiian culture into non-native lifestyles. This has provided significant financial support for cultural practices, while emphasizing aspects that have popular appeal over those that respect tradition. Statutes and charter amendments were passed acknowledging

8190-670: Was named after Titian Peale , the chief naturalist for the 1841 expedition. The fifth expedition visited Nihoa and Necker Island in 1924. Archaeologist Kenneth P. Emory of the Bishop Museum cleared out 60 sites on Nihoa and collected and cataloged artifacts. The expedition visited Necker from July 14–17. This list is incomplete In 1990, the U.S. congress passed the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act which requires federal agencies and institutions that receive federal funding to return Native American cultural items and human remains to their people. In

8281-408: Was to ensure that each ahupua'a provided all necessary resources for survival, including hardwoods and food sources. Each ahupua'a was managed by managers, who were charged by the island chief to collect tributes from the residents. Splits of the ahupua'a were based on the level of tribute. The major subdivisions were 'Ili . Each 'Ili gave a tribute to the chief of the ahupua'a and another to

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