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49-472: The ARBA serves to promote the domestic rabbit and cavy fancy, as well as commercial rabbit production. The American Rabbit Breeders Association sets official breed standards for recognized rabbit breeds and cavy breeds. Every five years the ARBA publishes The Standard of Perfection . This book includes descriptions of a perfect example for each breed of rabbit or cavy, details all general disqualifications, includes

98-412: A breed standard is a description of the characteristics of a hypothetical or ideal example of a breed . The description may include physical or morphological detail, genetic criteria , or criteria of athletic or productive performance. It may also describe faults or deficiencies that would disqualify an animal from registration or from reproduction . The hypothetical ideal example may be called

147-551: A "breed type". Breed standards are devised by breed associations or breed clubs, not by individuals, and are written to reflect the use or purpose of the species and breed of the animal. Breed standards help define the ideal animal of a breed and provide goals for breeders in improving stock. In essence a breed standard is a blueprint for an animal fit for the function it was bred - i.e. herding, tracking etc. Breed standards are not scientific documents, and may vary from association to association, and from country to country, even for

196-513: A 100-point scale, and published in the Standard of Perfection. It is a book detailing all of the recognized breeds in the United States and their attributes. The association has licensed judges since the early 1900s who may judge at sanctioned shows and fairs. The registration system maintains records on all rabbits which have passed a registration examination to ensure the animals are healthy and meet

245-408: A Youth Scholarship program for high school graduates who wish to further their education. The recipients must have graduated with a minimum 3.0 grade point average and be enrolled in their first year of higher education. The scholarship proceeds are designated to be used towards two- or four-year college, vocational, or technical school. Breed standard In animal husbandry or animal fancy ,

294-853: A database of extensive food, nutrition, and related topics and resource lists. Currently, the FNIC website contains links to over 2,500 current and reliable resources on nutrition and is regularly updated by a staff of registered dietitians . FNIC offers a Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) (established Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine ) calculator for daily nutrient recommendations, healthy recipes, educational materials, professional resources, food labeling information, and consumer food safety information, among other resources. In 2019, FNIC expanded their Spanish language website, "En Español” which offers over forty web pages translated into Spanish. With

343-481: A glossary of rabbit terms and describes the process of a breed or variety becoming recognized by the ARBA. The ARBA currently recognizes 52 breeds of rabbit and 13 cavy breeds . The ARBA is run by a Board of Directors with one member elected from each of its nine districts. Additionally, the offices of President and Vice President are elected in organization-wide election. The ARBA also has two paid offices; Treasurer and Executive Director. These last two are appointed by

392-430: A guide book, 'Raising Better Rabbits & Cavies', as well as informative books on each registered breed, and a poster with photographs of the recognized breeds of rabbits and cavies, and rabbit registrar and judge training materials. The judges education program is an ongoing program for established judges. The ARBA has a standardized judging system in which rabbits are judged against the respective breed standard, set by

441-611: A lending library. It holds over 10,000 items/pieces, which are housed in the collection, and it continues to constantly grow. The next largest similar collection is at the United States National Agricultural Library in Maryland , and it holds about 1,300 pieces. The British Library, London also has an extensive collection. Access to the Library for research by members is available by appointment only. The ARBA offers

490-452: A librarian from Amherst College was hired to create a classification system for the library's collection. At this time, the library was located on the second floor of the Department of Agriculture's main building. In 1893, William Cutter was hired as Librarian of the Department, and he began a reorganization effort to modernize the library and improve its effectiveness. His primary achievement

539-877: A national library of the United States and as the library of the United States Department of Agriculture . Located in Beltsville, Maryland , it is one of five national libraries of the United States (along with the Library of Congress , the National Library of Medicine , the National Transportation Library , and the National Library of Education ). It is also the coordinator for the Agriculture Network Information Center (AgNIC),

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588-590: A national network of state land-grant institutions and coordinator for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) field libraries. NAL was established on May 15, 1862, by the signing of the Organic Act by Abraham Lincoln . It served as a departmental library until 1962, when the Secretary of Agriculture officially designated it as the National Agricultural Library. The first librarian, appointed in 1867,

637-473: A space to display and share genome assemblies and gene models. In particular, the Workspace is geared towards research groups that do not have the resources to display the genome assembly and its features. NAL maintains AGRICOLA (AGRICultural OnLine Access), the largest bibliographic database of agricultural literature in the world. It contains more than 4.1 million records for publications dating as far back as

686-909: Is a centralized resource of information products, services, and activities that provide information on animal welfare in research, teaching, testing, and exhibition as specified by the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act of 1985. The 1985 Act was an amendment to the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 (AWA), and mandated an information service at the NAL to provide information on employee training, preventing duplication of animal experiments, and improving animal experimentation methods by reducing or replacing animal use and minimizing animals' pain and distress. The center later became known as AWIC in 1986. The AWIC provides educational outreach through its website, free in-person and virtual workshops and trainings,

735-490: Is a repository and catalog for scientific datasets that are associated with publications by the USDA's agricultural research service and other institutions. The data included is funded by the USDA, either in whole or in part. Hosted by the National Agricultural Library, the U.S. Life Cycle Assessment Commons (LCA Commons) is a collaboration among federal agencies, private industry, and academic researchers. The intention of LCA Commons

784-567: Is a unique resource documenting new introductions of fruit and nut cultivars as well as specimens discovered by USDA's plant explorers, representing 38 plant families in all. Some of these watercolors were published in the Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture in the 1902–1913 period, but many were never published at all. Some 65 different artists are represented in the collection, of whom one-third were women. Just 9 of

833-512: Is located at California State University, Chico and is part of the 800-acre Paul L. Byrne Memorial University Farm. PubAg is search engine that gives the public enhanced access to research published by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists, and also to agriculturally relevant citations from the scientific literature. At its launch on January 13, 2015, PubAg made over 40,000 publications by USDA scientists available, and provided access to an additional 300,000 citations. Ag Data Commons

882-448: Is to aggregate and archive life cycle inventory data that represent US economic activities, making it freely available for re-use. It is geared for use in LCAs, supporting policy assessment, decision-making in technology implementation, and public disclosure of comparative product or technology assertions. The i5k Workspace@NAL provides genome projects resulting from the i5k initiative with

931-903: The Agricultural Research Service and from across other U.S. Department of Agriculture agencies available to researchers as well as projects from the Food and Drug Administration and the National Institutes of Health . FSRIO maintains a searchable database on more than 1,700 food safety research products dating from 1996 to the present. The collection is indexed using the National Agricultural Library Thesaurus (NALT). The Thesaurus and its glossary are online vocabulary tools of agricultural and related terms in English and Spanish cooperatively produced through NAL, USDA,

980-478: The Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 . The Act mandated that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) establish an office to collect and maintain information on food safety studies to prevent duplicative research projects and to assist the government and private research organizations in determining research priorities. The National Agricultural Library formally launched

1029-592: The Bibliography of Agriculture , a printed index of article citation records. It was first digitized in 1970, when records were placed on magnetic tapes rather than reproducing them manually. The name was changed to AGRICOLA at this time, and the records were made available through database vendors such as Dialog and OCLC. In 1998, it became available to the general public for free on the World Wide Web . The library's Special Collections houses rare materials related to

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1078-526: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Launched in 2004, Nutrition.gov is a part of the USDA's Obesity Intervention Plan and is funded by the Research, Education and Economics (REE) mission area of USDA. Nutrition.gov provides consumers with access to up-to-date, reliable information about food, healthy eating, food safety, and physical activity. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

1127-453: The 15th century. 78 percent of the records are for journal articles and book chapters, while 22 percent cover full-length books, journals, maps, electronic resources, and audiovisual materials. The database indexes publications from many disciplines related to agriculture, including veterinary sciences, entomology, forestry, aquaculture and fisheries, economics, food and human nutrition, and environmental sciences. AGRICOLA originated in 1942 as

1176-459: The 2020 coronavirus pandemic , FNIC expanded the site to offer a recipe page with recipes from both Federal and Cooperative Extension sites; the recipe library is updated regularly. Nutrition.gov is a USDA-sponsored website created and maintained by the Food and Nutrition Information Center. The website receives content guidance from a USDA working group of scientific experts in food and nutrition and

1225-597: The 2020 Convention would have been held in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania , but it was canceled. The 2021 Convention was held in Louisville, Kentucky and the 2022 in Reno, Nevada . The 2023 (and 100th) Convention was held in Louisville, Kentucky . This organization helps all levels of rabbit keepers and breeders, including 4-H participants to fanciers, pet owners to commercial producers. The ARBA also produces educational materials such as

1274-533: The 65 are responsible for more than 90% of the total: Deborah Griscom Passmore (over 1500 watercolors), Amanda Newton (over 1200), Mary Daisy Arnold , (over 1000), Royal Charles Steadman (over 850), J. Marion Shull (over 750), Ellen Isham Schutt (over 700), Bertha Heiges (over 600), Elsie E. Lower (over 250), and William Henry Prestele (over 100). Many of the pictures in the Pomological Watercolor Collection are available online through

1323-521: The ARBA Standard for the rabbits' breed. ARBA licensed registrars conduct the examination. Registrations are ranked Red, White and Blue to distinguish how many ancestors of the subject rabbit have been previously registered. The ARBA Library, located at the headquarters in Knox , Pennsylvania , houses the world's largest single repository of books and writings on domestic rabbits. It is an archival library, not

1372-544: The Board of Directors for a three year term. Despite its name, the American Rabbit Breeders Association has affiliated clubs and members all over the world. Each of these members are assigned a district, based on their location. The districts of the American Rabbit Breeders Association are as follows, according to their Constitution and By-Laws: The ARBA sanctions rabbit shows throughout the year, all over

1421-487: The Food and Nutrition Information Center (FNIC) was established as a national repository of training and educational materials for the staff of USDA's Child Nutrition Programs (e.g. school lunch programs). The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 furthered the mission of FNIC also to be a resource for state education agencies and interested members of the general public. FNIC covers topics related to dietary guidelines and supplements, and food composition . It also maintains

1470-717: The Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, and other Latin American agricultural institutions in the Agriculture Information and Documentation Service of the Americas (SIDALC). In 2016, FSRIO created a repository of "Meet the Expert" videos that include content from a variety of sources. The videos highlight the latest food safety research applications conducted at USDA and other federal agencies. In 1971,

1519-625: The USDA NAL Twitter feed, and monthly newsletters. Outreach topics focus on the AWA and its amendments, the Three Rs principles (reduction, replacement, and refinement of animal use), and alternatives literature searching. This information is available to the public, but is specifically targeted towards scientists, veterinarians, animal care staff, librarians, and students. AWIC also provides free literature searching services upon request. AWIC supports

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1568-614: The USDA's South Building on Independence Avenue. In 1934, the collection reached 250,000 volumes in size, and the library began participating in the Bibliofilm Service, which, along with the American Documentation Institute and the Science Service, supplied microfilm copies of articles to scientists. This was the first large-scale attempt by a library to provide copies of library materials to patrons rather than

1617-589: The animal should not be bred, although its fitness for other uses may not be impeded by the faults. An animal that closely matches (conforms to) the breed standard for its species and breed is said to have good conformation. In the American Poultry Association breed standards for poultry , for example, ducks and geese are divided by weight, and chicken breeds are divided by size. Chickens are also divided into egg laying, meat, and ornamental varieties. In cattle , breed standards allow for comparisons and

1666-671: The building as the Abraham Lincoln Building. The main library is housed in the Abraham Lincoln Building, a seventeen-story facility on the grounds of the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland. NAL also used to operate a Washington, D.C. , branch known as the DC Reference Center, which was located in the USDA's South Building. The Paul L. Byrne Agricultural Teaching and Research Center

1715-536: The history of agriculture, including books, manuscripts, paintings and drawings, seed catalogs, agricultural photographs, and posters from the 1500s to the present. The subjects covered include horticulture, entomology, poultry sciences, and natural history. Within the Special Collections, the Pomological Watercolor Collection holds over 7,500 original watercolors on botanical subjects created by USDA artists between 1886 and 1942, almost half of which are apples. It

1764-523: The international governing body. The Federation Cynologique Internationale regulates breed standards for dogs internationally, but the largest dog registry, the American Kennel Club , does not belong to the international body and uses its own breed standard format. United States National Agricultural Library The United States National Agricultural Library ( NAL ) is one of the world's largest agricultural research libraries, and serves as

1813-507: The library as the National Agricultural Library, making it the third national library in the United States. In 1964, funds were appropriated by Congress to begin planning for a new library facility in Beltsville, Maryland, on the grounds of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. Construction on the new facility began in 1965, and it first opened in 1969. In 2000, Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman designated

1862-693: The library's Digital Repository (see link below). The NAL Digital Repository, created in April 2006, serves as a digital archive of historical USDA documents. The repository contains over 600,000 pages of digitized texts. Publications contained in the repository include the issues of the Journal of Agricultural Research from 1913–1949 and the archives of the Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture dating back to 1894. NAL also houses several specialized information centers, which provide access to comprehensive and essential information resources focusing on

1911-431: The members of the organization which authors them change. In general, a breed standard may include history of the breed, a narrative description of the breed, and details of the ideal externally observable structure and behavior for the breed. Certain deviations from the standard are considered faults . A large degree of deviation from the breed standard, an excess of faults, or certain defined major faults, may indicate that

1960-602: The office on July 2, 2001. FSRIO's mission also includes disseminating information to the general public on publicly funded (including university investigations) and, as much as possible, privately funded research initiatives. The office assists the Federal Government and private research entities with assessing food safety research needs; while also supporting the research community through organizing, collecting, and disseminating food safety research information. FSRIO also makes food safety investigations conducted through

2009-489: The original documents, and during its first year, over 300,000 copies were distributed. During World War II , the Department of Agriculture underwent reorganization to address wartime needs. The library, which had been decentralized since 1920, was consolidated into a central facility under the direction of Department Librarian Ralph R. Shaw . On May 23, 1962, the 100th anniversary of the library's establishment, Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman officially designated

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2058-681: The research community by assisting with their alternatives literature search, which is one way it meets the AWA requirement to consider alternatives. Scientists working with animals are required to provide their institution's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) with documentation demonstrating that alternatives to painful or distressful procedures were considered and that experiments are not unnecessarily duplicative. These literature searches help identify 3Rs alternative methods to and within animal experimentation. The Food Safety Research Information Office (FSRIO) collects, organizes, and disseminates food safety information in accordance with

2107-399: The same species and breed. There is no one format for breed standards across all species, and breed standards do change and are updated over time. Breed standards cover the externally observable qualities of the animal such as appearance , movement , and temperament . The exact format of the breed standard varies, as breed standards are not scientific documents and change as the needs of

2156-480: The selection of the best breeds to raise. There is breed standard for dogs, cats, horses, chicken breeds, and others. The standard is used as a comparative parameter for judging animals in conformation shows competitions. Some species have international governing bodies that attempt to regulate the terminology and format of breed standards internationally, but, even where such international agreement exists, not all associations for that species necessarily belong to

2205-425: The specific aspects of agricultural subjects. In addition to the general reference services available at NAL, each center offers Internet access to resources enhancing information availability and dissemination. The centers have staff available to serve customers on-site as well as by phone, fax or email. The Information Centers at the National Agricultural Library include: The Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC)

2254-450: The world. These shows, sponsored by local clubs, fairs, and national clubs give rabbit and cavy fanciers the chance to have their animals examined by educated judges and compared to other breeders' animals and the standard. The ARBA holds a large national convention show once a year, which draws in fanciers from across the country and around the world. The 2005 ARBA convention was documented in the film Rabbit Fever . The 2006 ARBA Convention

2303-558: Was Aaron B. Grosh , one of the founders of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry . NAL was established as the U.S. Department of Agriculture Library on May 15, 1862, by the signing of the Organic Act by Abraham Lincoln . In 1863, the library's collection comprised 1,000 volumes that had been transferred from the U.S. Patent Office's Agricultural Division. By 1889, the library's collection had increased to 20,000 volumes, and

2352-497: Was consolidating the library's collection of 38,000 volumes into one central library; previously, more than half of the library's collection was held in divisional libraries across the United States. By 1900, the library's collection contained 68,000 volumes, and in 1915, the library was moved to a larger facility in the Bieber Office Building at 1358 B Street SW, Washington, DC. The library moved again in 1932 to facilities in

2401-891: Was held in Ft. Worth, Texas , the 2007 ARBA Convention was held in Grand Rapids, Michigan , 2008 in Louisville, Kentucky , 2009 in San Diego, California , 2010 in Minneapolis, Minnesota , 2011 in Indianapolis, Indiana , 2012 in Wichita, Kansas , 2013 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania , 2014 in Ft. Worth, Texas , 2015 in Portland, Oregon , 2016 in San Diego, California , 2017 in Indianapolis, Indiana , 2018 in West Springfield, Massachusetts , 2019 in Reno, Nevada ,

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