120-599: Stephen Matias Kovacs (January 4, 1972 – January 15, 2022) was an American saber fencer and fencing coach. He was a three-time NCAA All American for Columbia University , four-time All- Ivy League , and the first fencer to win four consecutive Intercollegiate Fencing Association championships. As a fencing coach, he then coached at the Pingry School , Princeton Junior School , Stevens Institute of Technology , Duke University , Ridge High School , and private fencing clubs including one that he founded. In October 2021 he
240-562: A township on April 9, 1849, from portions of North Bergen Township . As the town grew in population and employment, many of Hoboken's residents saw a need to incorporate as a full-fledged city, and in a referendum held on March 29, 1855, ratified an Act of the New Jersey Legislature signed the previous day, and the City of Hoboken was born. In the subsequent election, Cornelius V. Clickener became Hoboken's first mayor . On March 15, 1859,
360-539: A Christie ally's developmental project, a charge that the Christie administration denied. In June 2014, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development allocated $ 230 million to Hoboken as part of its Rebuild by Design initiative, adding levees, parks, green roofs, retention basins and other infrastructure to help the low-lying riverfront city protect itself from ordinary flooding and build
480-469: A barrel of beer. These transactions, variously dated as July 12, 1630 and November 22, 1630, represent the earliest known conveyance for the area. Pauw, whose Latinized name is Pavonia , failed to settle the land, and he was obliged to sell his holdings back to the company in 1633. It was later acquired by Hendrick Van Vorst, who leased part of the land to Aert Van Putten, a farmer. In 1643, north of what would be later known as Castle Point, Van Putten built
600-595: A burgemeester (mayor) of Amsterdam and a director of the Dutch West India Company , received a land grant as patroon on the condition that he would plant a colony of not fewer than fifty persons within four years on the west bank of what had been named the North River . Three Lenape sold the land that became Hoboken and part of Jersey City for 80 fathoms (146 m) of wampum , 20 fathoms (37 m) of cloth, 12 kettles, six guns, two blankets, one double kettle, and half
720-527: A child, and imprisoned in the Somerset County Jail in Somerville , New Jersey, pending a bail detention hearing . On October 19, Kovacs was released from jail as a result of his detention hearing. However, three days after he was released, on October 22, a follow-up investigation determined that Kovacs had given false statements under oath during his detention hearing. Consequently, at his home Kovacs
840-555: A competition in Europe that required an overnight stay. She also said Kovacs sent her a sexually explicit video in January 2020, that showed him viewing her Snapchat account. The teen also said Kovacs sexually assaulted her multiple times during the year in Bound Brook. Kovacs was charged with two counts of second degree sexual assault and two counts of third degree endangering the welfare of
960-480: A female householder with no husband present, and 64.8% were non-families. 41.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.92 and the average family size was 2.73. In the city the age distribution of the population showed 10.5% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 51.7% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
1080-634: A fencing coach, within Bridgewater Township in Somerset County. A 16-year-old girl reported being sexually assaulted by Kovacs in Bridgewater multiple times in August and September 2021. An affidavit of probable cause filed by police in support of charges against Kovacs said that he first preyed on teens while on long-distance trips with them for competitions. The affidavit said that Kovacs assaulted
1200-468: A house and a brewery, North America's first. In series of Indian and Dutch raids and reprisals , Van Putten was killed and his buildings destroyed, and all residents of Pavonia, as the colony was then known, were ordered back to New Amsterdam. In 1664, the English took possession of New Amsterdam with little to no resistance, and in 1668 they confirmed a previous land patent by Nicolas Verlett. In 1674–1675,
1320-618: A key scene in Doctor Zhivago . The sabre was later phased out in favour of the baton , or nightstick, for both practical and humanitarian reasons. The Gendarmerie of Belgium used them until at least 1950, and the Swedish police forces until 1965. Swords with sabre blades remain a component of the dress uniforms worn by most national army, navy, air force, marine and coast guard officers . Some militaries also issue ceremonial swords to their highest-ranking non-commissioned officers ; this
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#17328547015131440-476: A laundry bag tied around his neck. Kovacs was married and had two children. In January 2024, the children filed suit in Somerset County Superior Court , alleging the jail was negligent in not following its suicide prevention policy. Saber A sabre or ( American English ) saber ( / ˈ s eɪ b ər / SAY -bər ) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with
1560-496: A lesser degree, SoHo and TriBeCa —which previously had not been residential. Empty lots were built on, tenements were transformed into luxury condominiums. Hoboken felt the impact of the destruction of the World Trade Center intensely, many of its newer residents having worked there. Re-zoning encouraged new construction on former industrial sites on the waterfront and the traditionally more impoverished low-lying west side of
1680-603: A lively port town into a rundown condition and was often included in lists with other New Jersey cities experiencing the same phenomenon, such as Paterson , Elizabeth , Camden , and neighboring Jersey City . The old economic underpinnings were gone and nothing new seemed to be on the horizon. Attempts were made to stabilize the population by demolishing the so-called slums along River Street and build subsidized middle-income housing at Marineview Plaza, and in midtown, at Church Towers. Heaps of long uncollected garbage and roving packs of semi-wild dogs were not uncommon sights. Though
1800-581: A major East Coast cargo-shipping port. With the development of the Interstate Highway System and containerization shipping facilities (particularly at Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal ), the docks became obsolete, and by the 1970s were more or less abandoned. A large swath of River Street, known as the Barbary Coast for its taverns and boarding houses (which had been home for many dockworkers, sailors, merchant mariners, and other seamen)
1920-568: A major destination port of the Hamburg America Line , though anti-German sentiment during World War I led to a rapid decline in the German community. In addition to the primary industry of shipbuilding, Hoboken became home to Keuffel and Esser 's three-story factory and in 1884, to Tietjen and Lang Drydock (later Todd Shipyards ). Well-known companies that developed a major presence in Hoboken after
2040-459: A minor. Kovacs also emailed the girl’s parents, telling them he planned to "sell his business and leave," so that they "would not have to worry about him anymore." In addition, a 19-year-old female teenager reported being sexually assaulted by Kovacs in Bridgewater multiple times from January to December 2020, when she was 18 years old. The affidavit said that Kovacs assaulted her first in April 2019, at
2160-433: A natural spring, was opened in 1832 and visitors came to pay a penny for a glass of water from the cave which was said to have medicinal powers. In 1841, the cave became a legend, when Edgar Allan Poe wrote " The Mystery of Marie Roget " about an event that took place there. The cave was closed in the late 1880s after the water was found to be contaminated, and it was shut and in the 1930s and filled with concrete, before it
2280-418: A network of features to help Hoboken future-proof itself against subsequent storms. The project included expanding the city's sewer capacity, incorporating cisterns and basins into parks and playgrounds, redesigning streets to minimize traffic accidents, and collect and redirect waster. By September 2023, the improvements were so successful that when a storm hit the area that month, depositing 3.5 inches on
2400-795: A position he held through 2013. There he mentored three-time NCAA women's saber champion Becca Ward . In 2013, Kovacs joined the staff of Medeo Fencing Club in Bridgewater , in Somerset County, New Jersey. In 2013–18, Kovacs was also a fifth grade teacher and taught fencing to girls and boys at the Princeton Junior School , in Princeton , in Mercer County , New Jersey. In 2018, Kovacs founded and thereafter owned Kaprica United Fencing Academy in Bound Brook , in Somerset County, New Jersey, where he
2520-512: A premier technology school, Maxwell House kept chugging away, and Bethlehem Steel still housed sailors who were dry-docked on its piers. Italian-Americans and other came back to the "old neighborhood" to shop for delicatessen. In 1975, the western part of the Keuffel and Esser Manufacturing Complex (known as "Clock Towers") was converted into residential apartments, after having been an architectural, engineering and drafting facility from 1907 to 1968;
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#17328547015132640-573: A state-mandated master plan to connect the municipalities from the Bayonne Bridge to George Washington Bridge and provide contiguous unhindered access to the water's edge and to create an urban linear park offering expansive views of the Hudson with the spectacular backdrop of the New York skyline. As of 2017, the city was considering using eminent domain to take over the last operating maritime industry in
2760-421: A wave of fires, some of which were arson. Applied Housing, a real-estate investment firm, used federal government incentives to renovate "sub-standard" housing and receive subsidized rental payments (commonly known as Section 8 ), which enabled some low-income, displaced, and disabled residents to move within town. Hoboken attracted artists, musicians, upwardly mobile commuters, and "bohemian types" interested in
2880-449: Is 201 . Hoboken's temperatures hover around an average in winter, rising and falling, rather than a consistent pattern with a clear coldest time of year, with minimums occurring in late December and early-mid February, rising and falling repeatedly throughout January. Just like neighboring New York City, the climate is humid subtropical (Cfa). The 2010 United States census counted 50,005 people, 25,041 households, and 9,465 families in
3000-561: Is charged with addressing the problem of sexual abuse of minors and amateur athletes in sport. Its primary responsibility is to review allegations of sexual misconduct, and to impose sanctions—up to banning a person for their lifetime from involvement in all Olympic sports. On October 29, 2021, SafeSport temporarily suspended Kovacs, pending an investigation by it of allegations against Kovacs. On January 15, 2022, Kovacs committed suicide (aged 50) in Somerset County Jail. An investigation
3120-444: Is seen as an honour since, typically, non-commissioned, enlisted / other-rank military service members are instead issued a cutlass blade rather than a sabre. Swords in the modern military are no longer used as weapons, and serve only ornamental or ceremonial functions. One distinctive modern use of sabres is in the sabre arch , performed for servicemen or women getting married. The modern fencing sabre bears little resemblance to
3240-413: The 2000 census , there were 38,577 people, 19,418 households, and 6,835 families residing in the city. The population density was 30,239.2 inhabitants per square mile (11,675.4/km ), fourth highest in the nation after neighboring communities of Guttenberg , Union City and West New York . There were 19,915 housing units at an average density of 15,610.7 per square mile (6,027.3/km ). The racial makeup of
3360-540: The Confederate side—eventually abandoned the long, heavy weapons in favour of revolvers and carbines . The last sabre issued to US cavalry was the Patton saber of 1913, designed to be mounted to the cavalryman's saddle. The Patton saber is only a saber in name as it is a straight, thrust-centric sword. A US War Department circular dated 18 April 1934 announced that the saber would no longer be issued to cavalry, and that it
3480-554: The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (later the Erie Lackawanna Railroad ) developed a railroad terminal at the waterfront, with the present NJ Transit terminal designed by architect Kenneth Murchison constructed in 1907. It was also during this time that German immigrants, who had been settling in town during most of the century, became the predominant population group in the city, at least partially due to its being
3600-563: The Dutch East India Company , who anchored his ship the Halve Maen ( Half Moon ) at Weehawken Cove on October 2, 1609. An entry made in the journal of Hudson's mate, Robert Juet, on that date, is the earliest known reference to the area today known as Hoboken, and would be the last known such reference until twenty years later. Soon after the area became part of the province of New Netherland . In 1630, Michael Reyniersz Pauw ,
3720-468: The Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century. During the early 19th century, the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens , first as a resort and later as a residential neighborhood. Originally part of Bergen Township and later North Bergen Township , it became a separate township in 1849 and was incorporated as a city in 1855. Hoboken is the location of the first recorded game of baseball and of
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3840-729: The Pingry School in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township , in Somerset County, New Jersey. He left to work in business on Wall Street . In August 2009, Kovacs was named the head men's fencing coach at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken , New Jersey. The team had a 13–7 record for the season. At the same time, Kovacs served as an assistant saber coach at the New York Athletic Club. In August 2010, Kovacs became an Assistant Fencing Coach at Duke , in Durham, North Carolina ,
3960-568: The St George's Cricket Club , the brothers Harry and George Wright , and Henry Chadwick , the English-born journalist who coined the term "America's Pastime". By the 1850s, several Manhattan -based members of the National Association of Base Ball Players were using the grounds as their home field while St. George's continued to organize international matches between Canada, England and
4080-647: The Stevens Institute of Technology , one of the oldest technological universities in the United States. It is also known as the birthplace and hometown of Frank Sinatra ; various streets and parks in the city have been named after him. Located on the Hudson Waterfront , the city was an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey and was home to major industries for most of the 20th century. The character of
4200-534: The light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods. Originally associated with Central European cavalry such as the hussars , the sabre became widespread in Western Europe during the Thirty Years' War . Lighter sabres also became popular with infantry of the early 17th century. In the 19th century, models with less curving blades became common and were also used by heavy cavalry . The military sabre
4320-501: The serpentine rock outcropping atop of which sits Stevens Institute of Technology (which also owns some, as yet, undeveloped land on the river). At the foot of the cliff is Sybil's Cave (where 19th century day-trippers once came to "take the waters" from a natural spring), long sealed shut, though plans for its restoration are in place. The promenade along the river bank is part of the Hudson River Waterfront Walkway ,
4440-757: The 16-year-old in May 2019, at a competition in Salt Lake City, Utah that due to its distance from New Jersey required an overnight stay. It said that she reported that on three occasions in August 2021, Kovacs picked her up at her home and then drove her to a parking lot in Bridgewater to sexually assault her. In September 2021, Kovacs was "provided temporary shelter" at the girl’s Somerset County home for five nights. On at least three of those nights, Kovacs allegedly sexually assaulted her. He also allegedly sexually assaulted her in Bound Brook days later. Soon after, Kovacs informed SafeSport that he had an inappropriate relationship with
4560-574: The 1950s, the economy was still driven by Todd Shipyards, Maxwell House , Lipton Tea , Hostess and Bethlehem Steel and companies with big plants were still not inclined to invest in major infrastructure elsewhere. In the 1960s, working pay and conditions began to deteriorate: turn-of-the century housing started to look shabby and feel crowded, shipbuilding was cheaper overseas, and single-story plants surrounded by parking lots made manufacturing and distribution more economical than old brick buildings on congested urban streets. The city appeared to be in
4680-611: The 1983 saber world champion from Bulgaria. Kovacs then attended Columbia University ('95) in New York City, where he majored in Eastern European History and Economics. There, he fenced for the Columbia Lions fencing team from 1990 to 1994, and was team captain. He overcame a serious fencing injury, after in 1992 suffering a rupture of his Achilles tendon while lunging during a college tournament. In 1994 he became
4800-455: The 1990s, agreements were made with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , various levels of government, Hoboken citizens, and private developers to build commercial and residential buildings and "open spaces" (mostly along the bulkhead and on the foundation of un-utilized Pier A ). The northern portion, which had remained in private hands, has also been re-developed. While most of
4920-712: The 1996 US Olympic fencing team. Columbia presented him with its Outstanding Senior Athlete Award and the George Cointe Award for Sportsmanship and Excellence. Kovacs was also part of the New York Athletic Club saber team led by Olympians Paul Friedberg and John Friedberg that won the 1993 USFA saber team championship. Early in his career, Kovacs was a securities trader for Datek/Heartland Securities from 1996 to 1997, Assent LLC from 2008 to 2009, WTS Proprietary Trading Group from 2010 to 2013, and Tradescape/ E*TRADE . From 2007 to 2008, Kovacs taught sixth grade Humanities and began his coaching career by coaching fencing at
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5040-418: The 2010 census, Hoboken was ranked as the third-most densely populated municipality in the United States among cities with a population above 50,000. In the 2020 census, the city's population density climbed to more than 48,300 inhabitants per square mile (18,600/km ) of land, ranked fourth in the county behind Guttenberg , Union City and West New York . Hoboken was first settled by Europeans as part of
5160-461: The Austrians and Hungarians. Le Marchant also developed the first official British military sword exercise manual based on this experience, and his light cavalry sabre, and style of swordsmanship went on to heavily influence the training of the infantry and the navy. The 1796 light cavalry sword was known for its brutal cutting power, easily severing limbs, and leading to the (unsubstantiated) myth that
5280-576: The British army in 1788 led to a brief departure from the sabre in infantry use (though not for light cavalry), in favour of the lighter and straight bladed spadroon . The spadroon was universally unpopular, and many officers began to unofficially purchase and carry sabres once more. In 1799, the army accepted this under regulation for some units, and in 1803, produced a dedicated pattern of sabre for certain infantry officers (flank, rifle and staff officers). The 1803 pattern quickly saw much more widespread use than
5400-540: The British in the Napoleonic era for light cavalry and infantry officers, as well as others. The elegant but effective 1803 pattern sword that the British Government authorized for use by infantry officers during the wars against Napoleon featured a curved sabre blade which was often blued and engraved by the owner in accordance with his personal taste, and was based on the famously agile 1796 light cavalry sabre that
5520-751: The Cetrullo Tournament, New Jersey's most important regular-season tournament. He was head coach through February 2021. A number of fencers on the school team attended the nearby Kaprica Fencing Academy, which Kovacs owned and where he was head coach. On October 13, 2021, Kovacs was arrested at the Somerset County (New Jersey) Prosecutor’s Office by detectives from the Bridgewater Township Sex Crimes/Child Abuse Unit for allegedly sexually assaulting two teenagers. His encounters with both teenagers took place in his capacity as
5640-640: The French put in an official complaint to the British about its ferocity. This sword also saw widespread use with mounted artillery units, and the numerous militia units established in Britain to protect against a potential invasion by Napoleon. Though the sabre had already become very popular in Britain, experience in Egypt did lead to a fashion trend for mameluke sword style blades, a type of Middle Eastern scimitar , by some infantry and cavalry officers. These blades differ from
5760-581: The Greek Machaira and Anatolian Drepanon, and it still survives as the heavy Kukri chopping knife of the Gurkhas . However, in ancient China foot soldiers and cavalry often used a straight, single edged sword, and in the sixth century CE a longer, slightly curved cavalry variety of this weapon appeared in southern Siberia. This "proto-sabre" (the Turko-Mongol sabre ) had developed into the true cavalry sabre by
5880-560: The Ottoman prototype, their blades, even when an expanded yelman was incorporated, tended to be longer, narrower and less curved than those of the true kilij. In the American Civil War , the sabre was used infrequently as a weapon, but saw notable deployment in the Battle of Brandy Station and at East Cavalry Field at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. Many cavalrymen—particularly on
6000-545: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (16th–18th century) a specific type of sabre-like melee weapon, the szabla , was used. Richly decorated sabres were popular among the Polish nobility , who considered it to be one of the most important pieces of men's traditional attire. With time, the design of the sabre greatly evolved in the commonwealth and gave birth to a variety of sabre-like weapons, intended for many tasks. In
6120-505: The Township of Weehawken was created from portions of Hoboken and North Bergen Township. Based on a bequest from Edwin A. Stevens , Stevens Institute of Technology was founded at Castle Point in 1870, at the site of the Stevens family 's former estate, as the nation's first mechanical engineering college. By the late 19th century, shipping lines were using Hoboken as a terminal port, and
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#17328547015136240-530: The U.S. entered World War I , the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken and New Orleans were taken under eminent domain . Federal control of the port and anti-German sentiment led to part of the city being placed under martial law, and many German immigrants were forcibly moved to Ellis Island or left the city of their own accord. Hoboken became the major point of embarkation and more than three million soldiers, known as " doughboys ", passed through
6360-811: The United States Marine Corps; in this last capacity, it is still in such use at the present time. The American victory over the rebellious forces in the citadel of Tripoli in 1805, during the First Barbary War , led to the presentation of bejewelled examples of these swords to the senior officers of the US Marines . Officers of the US Marine Corps still use a mameluke-pattern dress sword. Although some genuine Turkish kilij sabres were used by Westerners, most "mameluke sabres" were manufactured in Europe; although their hilts were very similar in form to
6480-482: The United States at the same venue. In 1859, George Parr 's All England Eleven of professional cricketers played the United States XXII at Hoboken, easily defeating the local competition. Sam Wright and his sons Harry and George Wright played on the defeated United States team, a loss which inadvertently encouraged local players to take up baseball. Henry Chadwick believed that baseball and not cricket should become
6600-476: The United States was demonstrated at Hoboken Terminal. The first Blimpie restaurant opened in 1964 at the corner of Seventh and Washington Streets. Hoboken is home to one of the headquarters of publisher John Wiley & Sons , which moved from Manhattan in 2002. According to the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development , Hoboken's unemployment rate as of 2014 was 3.3%, compared to
6720-457: The architectural character of the city and open sight-lines to the river. Downtown, Frank Sinatra Park and Sinatra Drive honor the man most consider to be Hoboken's most famous son, while uptown the name Maxwell recalls the factory with its smell of roasting coffee wafting over town and its huge neon "Good to the Last Drop" sign, so long a part of the landscape. The midtown section is dominated by
6840-505: The area became part of East Jersey , and the province was divided into four administrative districts, Hoboken becoming part of Bergen County , where it remained until the creation of Hudson County on February 22, 1840. English-speaking settlers (some relocating from New England) interspersed with the Dutch, but it remained sparsely populated and agrarian. Eventually, the land came into the possession of William Bayard , who originally supported
6960-562: The article hailed Hoboken as a "climate change success story." According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2 square miles (5.2 square kilometres), including 1.25 sq mi (3.2 km ) of land and 0.75 sq mi (1.9 km ) of water (37.50%). Hoboken lies on the west bank of the Hudson River between Weehawken and Union City to the north and Jersey City (the county seat) to
7080-457: The cavalry sabre, having a thin, 88 cm (35 in) long straight blade. Rather, it is based upon the Italian dueling saber of classical fencing. One of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing , it is a very fast-paced weapon with bouts characterized by quick footwork and cutting with the edge. The valid target area is from the waist up excluding the hands. The concept of attacking above
7200-423: The city had seen better days, Hoboken was never abandoned. New infusions of immigrants, most notably Puerto Ricans , kept the storefronts open with small businesses and housing stock from being abandoned, but there wasn't much work to be had. Washington Street, commonly called "the avenue", was never boarded up, and the tight-knit neighborhoods remained home to many who were still proud of their city. Stevens remained
7320-508: The city has changed from an artsy industrial vibe from the days when Maxwell House coffee, Lipton tea, Hostess Cupcakes, and Wonder Bread called Hoboken home, to one of trendy shops and expensive condominiums. It was ranked 2nd in Niche 's "2019 Best Places to Live in Hudson County" list and 1st in 2022 The name Hoboken was chosen by Colonel John Stevens when he bought land, on a part of which
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#17328547015137440-413: The city still sits. The Lenape , later called Delaware Indian tribe of Native Americans , referred to the area as the "land of the tobacco pipe", most likely to refer to the soapstone collected there to carve tobacco pipes , and used a phrase that became "Hopoghan Hackingh". Like Weehawken , its neighbor to the north, as well as Communipaw and Harsimus to the south, Hoboken had many variations in
7560-424: The city was 80.82% White , 4.26% African American , 0.16% Native American , 4.31% Asian , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 7.63% from other races , and 2.78% from two or more races. Furthermore, 20.18% of residents considered themselves to be Hispanic or Latino . There were 19,418 households, out of which 11.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.8% were married couples living together, 9.0% had
7680-462: The city where, in concert with Hudson-Bergen Light Rail and New Jersey State land-use policy, transit villages are now being promoted. Once a blue collar town characterized by live poultry shops and drab taverns, it has since been transformed into a town filled with gourmet shops and luxury condominiums. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused widespread flooding in Hoboken, leaving 1,700 homes flooded and causing $ 100 million in damage after
7800-448: The city's population was 60,419, an increase of 10,414 (+20.8%) from the 2010 census count of 50,005, which in turn reflected an increase of 11,428 (+29.6%) from the 38,577 counted in the 2000 census . The Census Bureau 's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 57,010 for 2023, making it the 708th-most populous municipality in the nation. With more than 42,400 inhabitants per square mile (16,400/km ) in data from
7920-629: The city, including 1.44 inches during the hour coinciding with high tide, only a few inches of standing water remains at three of the city's 277 intersections by the evening, resulting in only three towed cars, and no cancelation of any city events. In an article that November for The New York Times , Michael Kimmelman compared this to the storm's effects in New York City, whose government focused on flood walls and breakwaters , but not rainwater, resulting in several subway lines being submerged in water, and thigh-high water levels in Brooklyn streets. For this,
8040-449: The city, the Union Dry Dock. During the late 1970s and 1980s, the city witnessed a speculation spree, fueled by transplanted New Yorkers and others who bought many turn-of-the-20th-century brownstones in neighborhoods that the still solid middle and working class population had kept intact and by local and out-of-town real-estate investors who bought up late 19th century apartment houses often considered to be tenements. Hoboken experienced
8160-417: The city. Their hope for an early return led to General Pershing 's slogan, "Heaven, Hell or Hoboken... by Christmas." Following the war, Italians , mostly stemming from the Adriatic port city of Molfetta , became the city's major ethnic group, with the Irish also having a strong presence. While the city experienced the Great Depression , jobs in the ships yards and factories were still available, and
8280-492: The city. The population density was 39,212.0 per square mile (15,139.8/km ). There were 26,855 housing units at an average density of 21,058.7 per square mile (8,130.8/km ). The racial makeup was 82.24% (41,124) White , 3.53% (1,767) Black or African American , 0.15% (73) Native American , 7.12% (3,558) Asian , 0.03% (15) Pacific Islander , 4.29% (2,144) from other races , and 2.65% (1,324) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 15.20% (7,602) of
8400-413: The dry-dock and production facilities were razed to make way for mid-rise apartment houses, many sold as investment condominiums, some buildings were renovated for adaptive re-use (notably the Tea Building, formerly home to Lipton Tea, and the Machine Shop, home of the Hoboken Historic Museum). Zoning requires that new construction follow the street grid and limits the height of new construction to retain
8520-405: The early 19th century, Colonel John Stevens developed the waterfront as a resort for Manhattanites. On October 11, 1811, Stevens' ship the Juliana , began to operate as a ferry between Manhattan and Hoboken, making it the world's first commercial steam ferry. In 1825, he designed and built a steam locomotive capable of hauling several passenger cars at his estate. Sybil's Cave , a cave with
8640-534: The eastern part portion became residential apartments in 1984 (now called the Grand Adams ). The Hudson Waterfront defined Hoboken as an archetypal port town and powered its economy from the mid-19th to mid-20th century, by which time it had become essentially industrial (and mostly inaccessible to the general public). The large production plants of Lipton Tea and Maxwell House, and the drydocks of Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation and Todd Shipbuilding dominated
8760-593: The eight century CE, and by the ninth century, it had become the usual side arm on the Eurasian steppes. The sabre arrived in Europe with the Magyars and the Turkic expansion . These oldest sabres had a slight curve, short, down-turned quillons , the grip facing the opposite direction to the blade and a sharp point with the top third of the reverse edge sharpened. The introduction of the sabre proper in Western Europe, along with
8880-465: The first fencer to win four consecutive Intercollegiate Fencing Association championships, and came in fourth in the NCAA Saber Championship ; Kovacs was also an NCAA First Team All American in 1991, 1993, and 1994, and was four-time First Team All- Ivy League (in 1991–94). In 1994, when he was 22 years old, The New York Times reported that he was thought to have a good shot at making
9000-399: The folks-tongue. Hoebuck , old Dutch for high bluff, and likely referring to Castle Point, the district of the city highest above sea level, was used during the colonial era, and was later spelled as Hobuck , Hobock , Hobuk and Hoboocken . However, in the nineteenth century, the name was changed to Hoboken, influenced by Flemish immigrants, and a folk etymology had emerged, linking
9120-549: The following centuries, the ideology of Sarmatism as well as the Polish fascination with Oriental cultures, customs, cuisine and warfare resulted in the szabla becoming an indispensable part of traditional Polish culture. The sabre saw extensive military use in the early 19th century, particularly in the Napoleonic Wars , during which Napoleon used heavy cavalry charges to great effect against his enemies. Shorter versions of
9240-403: The grid ending close to 16th near Weehawken Cove and the city line. Castle Point (or Stevens Point ), The Projects , Hoboken Terminal , and Hudson Tea are distinct enclaves at the city's periphery. The "Northwest" is a name being used for that part of the city as it transforms from its previous industrial use into a residential district. Hoboken's ZIP Code is 07030 and its area code
9360-618: The grounds hosted a championship match between the Mutual Club of New York City and the Atlantic Club of Brooklyn that was attended by an estimated 20,000 fans and captured in the Currier & Ives lithograph "The American National Game of Base Ball". With the construction of two significant baseball parks enclosed by fences in Brooklyn , enabling promoters there to charge admission to games,
9480-509: The historical types, with techniques based on historical records. Hoboken Hoboken ( / ˈ h oʊ b oʊ k ən / HOH -boh-kən ; Unami : Hupokàn ) is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal , a major transportation hub . As of the 2020 United States census ,
9600-545: The late 17th and early 18th centuries, many Hungarian hussars fled to other Central and Western European countries and became the core of light cavalry formations created there. The Hungarian term szablya is ultimately traced to the northwestern Turkic selebe , with contamination from the Hungarian verb szab "to cut". The original type of sabre, or Polish szabla , was used as a cavalry weapon, possibly inspired by Hungarian or wider Turco-Mongol warfare. The karabela
9720-448: The more typical British ones in that they have more extreme curvatures, in that they are usually not fullered, and in that they taper to a finer point. Mameluke swords also gained some popularity in France as well. Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington , himself carried a mameluke-style sword. In 1831, the 'Mameluke' sword became the pattern sword for British generals, as well as officers of
9840-490: The national pastime after the game drawing the conclusion that amateur American players did not have the leisure time required to develop cricket skills to the high technical level required of professional players. Harry Wright and George Wright then became two of the first professional baseball players in the United States when Aaron Champion raised funds to found the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869. In 1865,
9960-526: The northern portion for many years. On June 30, 1900, a large fire at the Norddeutscher Lloyd piers killed numerous people and caused almost $ 10 million in damage. The southern portion (which had been a U.S. base of the Hamburg-American Line ) was seized by the federal government under eminent domain at the outbreak of World War I , after which it became (with the rest of the Hudson County)
10080-434: The population were under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 55.9% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 101.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 100.7 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income
10200-418: The population. Of the 25,041 households, 15.5% had children under the age of 18; 28.8% were married couples living together; 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 62.2% were non-families. Of all households, 39.7% were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.93 and the average family size was 2.68. 12.2% of
10320-735: The prominence of Elysian Fields diminished. In 1868 the leading Manhattan club, Mutual , shifted its home games to the Union Grounds in Brooklyn. In 1880, the founders of the New York Metropolitans and New York Giants finally succeeded in siting a ballpark in Manhattan that became known as the Polo Grounds . Few nonwhites had settled in Hoboken by 1901. The Brooklyn Eagle claimed that an unwritten sundown town policy prevented African Americans from residing or working there. When
10440-462: The recorded sabla , perhaps under the influence of the Hungarian word szab- "to crop; cut (into shape)". Though single-edged cutting swords already existed in the Ancient world, such as the ancient Egyptian and Sumerian sickle swords , these (usually forward instead of backward curving) weapons were chopping weapons for foot soldiers. This type of weapon developed into such heavy chopping weapons as
10560-437: The regulation intended due to its effectiveness in combat, and fashionable appeal. The most famous British sabre of the Napoleonic era is the 1796 light cavalry model, used by troopers and officers alike (officers versions can vary a little, but are much the same as the pattern troopers sword). It was in part designed by the famous John Le Marchant , who worked to improve on the previous (1788) design based on his experience with
10680-602: The revolutionary cause, but became a Loyalist Tory after the fall of New York in 1776 when the city and surrounding areas, including the west bank of the renamed Hudson River, were occupied by the British. At the end of the Revolutionary War , Bayard's property was confiscated by the Revolutionary Government of New Jersey. In 1784, the land described as "William Bayard's farm at Hoebuck" was bought at auction by Colonel John Stevens for £18,360 (then $ 90,000). In
10800-422: The sabre were also used as sidearms by dismounted units, although these were gradually replaced by fascine knives and sword bayonets as the century went on. Although there was extensive debate over the effectiveness of weapons such as the sabre and lance , the sabre remained the standard weapon of cavalry for mounted action in most armies until World War I and in a few armies until World War II . Thereafter it
10920-499: The second half of the 19th century. The origin of the Hungarian word is unclear. It may itself be a loan from South Slavic ( Serbo-Croatian sablja , Common Slavic *sabľa ), which would ultimately derive from a Turkic source. In a more recent suggestion, the Hungarian word may ultimately derive from a Tungusic source, via Kipchak Turkic selebe , with later metathesis (of l-b to b-l ) and apocope changed to *seble , which would have changed its vocalisation in Hungarian to
11040-434: The socioeconomic possibilities and challenges of a bankrupt New York and who valued the aesthetics of Hoboken's residential, civic and commercial architecture, its sense of community, and relatively (compared to Lower Manhattan) less expensive rents, all a quick, train hop away. These trends in development resembled similar growth and change patterns in Brooklyn and downtown Jersey City and Manhattan's East Village —and to
11160-513: The south and west. Directly across the Hudson River are the Manhattan , New York City neighborhoods of the West Village and Chelsea . Hoboken is laid out in a grid . North–south streets are named (Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, Harrison, and Clinton, for example). The numbered streets running east–west start two blocks north of Observer Highway with First Street, with
11280-541: The storm "filled up Hoboken like a bathtub", leaving the city without electricity for days, and requiring the summoning of the National Guard . Workers in Hoboken had the highest rate of public transportation use in the nation, with 56% commuting daily via mass transit. Hurricane Sandy caused seawater to flood half the city, crippling the PATH station at Hoboken Terminal when more than 10 million gallons of water dumped into
11400-426: The sword and style of swordsmanship in British sources. The popularity of sabres had spread rapidly through Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, and finally came to dominance as a military weapon in the British army in the 18th century, though straight blades remained in use by some, such as heavy cavalry units. (These were also replaced by sabres soon after the Napoleonic era.) The introduction of 'pattern' swords in
11520-399: The system. In December 2013 Mayor Dawn Zimmer testified before a U.S. Senate Committee on the impact the storm had on Hoboken's businesses and residents, and in January 2014 she stated that Lieutenant Governor Kim Guadagno and Richard Constable, a member of governor Chris Christie 's cabinet, deliberately held back Hurricane Sandy relief funds from the city in order to pressure her to approve
11640-531: The tenements were bustling. Middle-European Jews, mostly German-speaking, also made their way to the city and established small businesses. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , which was established on April 30, 1921, oversaw the development of the Holland Tunnel (completed in 1927) and the Lincoln Tunnel (in 1937), allowing for easier vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City, bypassing
11760-448: The term sabre itself, dates to the 17th century, via the influence of the szabla type ultimately derived from these medieval backswords. The adoption of the term is connected to the employment of Hungarian hussar ( huszár ) cavalry by Western European armies at the time. Hungarian hussars were employed as light cavalry , with the role of harassing enemy skirmishers , overrunning artillery positions, and pursuing fleeing troops. In
11880-496: The throes of inexorable decline as industries sought (what had been) greener pastures, port operations shifted to larger facilities on Newark Bay , and the car, truck and plane displaced the railroad and ship as the transportation modes of choice in the United States. Many Hobokenites headed to the suburbs, often the close by ones in Bergen and Passaic Counties, and real-estate values declined. Hoboken sank from its earlier incarnation as
12000-493: The total population, 23.6% of those under the age of 18 and 20.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The city is a bedroom community of New York City, where most of its employed residents work. Based on the 2000 Census Worker Flow Files, about 53% of the employed residents of Hoboken (13,475 out of 25,306) worked in one of the five boroughs of New York City, as opposed to about 15% working within Hoboken. The first centrally air-conditioned public space in
12120-558: The town of Hoboken to the similarly-named Hoboken district of Antwerp . Hoboken has been nicknamed the Mile Square City, but it actually occupies about 1.25 sq mi (3.2 km ) of land. During the late 19th/early 20th century the population and culture of Hoboken was dominated by German language speakers who sometimes called it "Little Bremen", many of whom are buried in Hoboken Cemetery, North Bergen . Hoboken
12240-505: The turn-of the-century included Maxwell House , Lipton Tea , and Hostess . The first officially recorded game of baseball took place in Hoboken in 1846 between Knickerbocker Club and New York Nine at Elysian Fields . In 1845, the Knickerbocker Club, which had been founded by Alexander Cartwright , began using Elysian Fields to play baseball due to the lack of suitable grounds on Manhattan . Team members included players of
12360-481: The waist only is a 20th-century change to the sport; previously sabreurs used to pad their legs against cutting slashes from their opponents. The reason for the above waist rule is unknown, as the sport of sabre fencing is based on the use of infantry sabres, not cavalry sabres. In recent years, Saber fencing has been developing in Historical European Martial Arts , with blades that closely resemble
12480-436: The waterfront. The war facilitated economic growth in Hoboken, as the many industries located in the city were crucial to the war effort. As men went off to battle, more women were hired in the factories, some (most notably, Todd Shipyards ), offering classes and other incentives to them. Though some returning service men took advantage of GI housing bills, many with strong ethnic and familial ties chose to stay in town. During
12600-827: Was Hampton , in Hunterdon County, New Jersey , and he later lived in Clifton , in Passaic County and in Watchung in Somerset County . He attended North Hunterdon High School . In 1989, Kovacs won the United States Fencing Association (USFA) Under-17 saber championship, and in 1990 he won the USFA Under-20 (Junior) saber championship. He was coached at the New York Athletic Club by Vasil Etropolski ,
12720-426: Was $ 101,782 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 3,219) and the median family income was $ 121,614 (+/− $ 18,466). Males had a median income of $ 90,878 (+/− $ 6,412) versus $ 67,331 (+/− $ 3,710) for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 69,085 (+/− $ 3,335). About 9.6% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.7% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over. As of
12840-411: Was 30 years. For every 100 females, age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males. The median income for a household in the city as of the 2000 census was $ 62,550, while the median income for a family was $ 67,500. Males had a median income of $ 54,870 versus $ 46,826 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 43,195. 11.0% of the population and 10.0% of families were below the poverty line . Out of
12960-497: Was a type of szabla popular in the late 17th century, worn by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth nobility class, the szlachta . While designed as a cavalry weapon, it also came to replace various types of straight-bladed swords used by infantry. The Swiss sabre originated as a regular sword with a single-edged blade in the early 16th century, but by the 17th century began to exhibit specialized hilt types. In
13080-609: Was arrested again. He was charged with felony fourth degree false swearing , and incarcerated once again in the Somerset County Jail, pending a detention hearing. As early as September 2021, Kovacs had reported himself to the United States Center for SafeSport , informing them that he had an inappropriate relationship with a minor. SafeSport had been set up under the auspices of the Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017 , and
13200-449: Was arrested and charged with multiple counts of sexual assault , endangering the welfare of a child, and false swearing , and imprisoned in the Somerset County Jail in Somerville , New Jersey. On October 29, 2021, the United States Center for SafeSport temporarily suspended Kovacs, pending an investigation by it of allegations against him. On January 15, 2022, Kovacs committed suicide (aged 50) in Somerset County Jail. Kovacs' hometown
13320-555: Was gradually relegated to the status of a ceremonial weapon , and most horse cavalry was replaced by armoured cavalry from the 1930s onward. Where horse-mounted cavalry survived into World War II it was generally as mounted infantry without sabres. However the sabre was still carried by German cavalry until after the Polish campaign of 1939, after which this historic weapon was put into storage in 1941. Romanian cavalry continued to carry their straight "thrusting" sabres on active service until at least 1941. Sabres were commonly used by
13440-597: Was head coach. Kovacs was appointed the Ridge High School head boys’ fencing coach by the Bernards Township School District on November 11, 2019, for a salary of $ 8,542. The school is in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township, in Somerset County, New Jersey. The boys and girls fencing teams practice together and go to meets together. In January 2020, the boys' team won the overall title in
13560-548: Was in turn loaned from German Säbel , Sabel in the 1630s. The German word is on record from the 15th century, loaned from Polish szabla , which was itself adopted from Hungarian szabla (14th century, later szablya ). The spread of the Hungarian word to neighboring European languages took place in the context of the Ottoman wars in Europe of the 15th to 17th centuries. The spelling saber became common in American English in
13680-544: Was initiated. His death was investigated by the Morris County (New Jersey) Prosecutor's Office, to avoid any potential appearance of a conflict of interest. The New Jersey Office of Public Integrity and Accountability, which reports to the New Jersey Attorney General , will support and review the results of the investigation. According to a later lawsuit, the autopsy report stated that he had hanged himself with
13800-410: Was leveled as part of an urban renewal project. Though control of the confiscated area had been returned to the city in the 1950s, complex lease agreements with the Port Authority gave it little influence on its management. In the 1980s, the waterfront dominated Hoboken politics, with various civic groups and the city government engaging in sometimes nasty, sometimes absurd politics and court cases. By
13920-631: Was originally an island which was surrounded by the Hudson River on the east and tidal lands at the foot of the New Jersey Palisades on the west. It was a seasonal campsite in the territory of the Hackensack , a phratry of the Lenni Lenape , who used the serpentine rock found there to carve pipes. The first recorded European to lay claim to the area was Henry Hudson , an Englishman sailing for
14040-461: Was renowned for its brutal cutting power. Sabres were commonly used throughout this era by all armies, in much the same way that the British did. The popularity of the sabre had rapidly increased in Britain throughout the 18th century for both infantry and cavalry use. This influence was predominately from southern and eastern Europe, with the Hungarians and Austrians listed as sources of influence for
14160-464: Was reopened in 2008. Before his death in 1838, Stevens founded the Hoboken Land and Improvement Company , which laid out a regular system of streets, blocks and lots, constructed housing, and developed manufacturing sites. In general, the housing consisted of masonry row houses of three to five stories, some of which survive to the present day, as does the street grid. Hoboken was originally formed as
14280-407: Was to be completely discarded for use as a weapon. Only dress sabers, for use by officers only, and strictly as a badge of rank, were to be retained. During the 19th and into the early 20th century, sabres were also used by both mounted and dismounted personnel in some European police forces. When the sabre was used by mounted police against crowds, the results could be devastating, as portrayed in
14400-465: Was used as a duelling weapon in academic fencing in the 19th century, giving rise to a discipline of modern sabre fencing (introduced in the 1896 Summer Olympics ) loosely based on the characteristics of the historical weapon, although in Olympic fencing, only cuts are allowed. The English sabre is recorded from the 1670s, as a direct loan from French, where sabre is an alteration of sable , which
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