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127-682: The Hudson Waterfront is an urban area of northeastern New Jersey along the lower reaches of the Hudson River , the Upper New York Bay and the Kill van Kull . Though the term can specifically mean the shoreline, it is often used to mean the contiguous urban area between the Bayonne Bridge and the George Washington Bridge that is approximately 19 miles (31 km) long. Historically,

254-630: A Koreatown . Many in this community attend religious services at St. Michael's in Union City. India Square in the Journal Square district is home to many from the country from which it takes its name. A large Filipino community is located nearby at Five Corners . The first Coptic Orthodox Church in the United States, St. Mark , is one of the many congregations in Jersey City and Bayonne serving

381-484: A 41% to 38% margin over Democrat John Kerry , with the remaining 19% undecided or voting for other candidates. However, according to a poll done by the AALDEF, the majority of Korean Americans that voted in the 2004 presidential election favored Democrat John Kerry by a 66% to 33% margin over Republican candidate George W. Bush . And another poll done by the AALDEF suggest the majority of Korean Americans that voted in

508-881: A bill to recognize references to the Sea of Japan also as the East Sea in Virginia textbooks was signed into law. In May 2014, the Palisades Park Public Library in New Jersey created a memorial dedicated to the victims of the tragic sinking of the Sewol ferry off the South Korean coast on April 16, 2014. According to a 2015 investigation by The New York Times , abuse by Korean nail salon owners in New York City and Long Island

635-439: A block of stone, dedicated in 2010 to the memory of comfort women , thousands of women, many Koreans, who were forced into sexual slavery by Japanese soldiers during World War II . Days later, a South Korean delegation endorsed the borough's decision. However, in neighboring Fort Lee, various Korean American groups could not reach consensus on the design and wording for such a monument as of early April 2013. In October 2012,

762-479: A combination of English and Korean depending on where they were born and when they immigrated to the United States. New immigrants often use a mixture of Korean and English ( Konglish ), a practice also known as code-switching . Korean American Day, celebrated on January 13, commemorates the arrival of the first Korean immigrants to the United States on January 13, 1903. This day was first proclaimed by President George W. Bush in 2003 and officially recognized by

889-489: A combined population of approximately 733,875 (based on 2020 estimates), the Hudson Waterfront, if incorporated into a single city, would be the nineteenth most populous in the country while having one of the smallest land areas, at just 35.7 square miles (92 km). Its communities have some of the highest residential densities in the United States . Of municipalities in the United States over 50,000 people, Union City

1016-639: A dominant nexus of Korean American culture, and its Senior Citizens Center provides a popular gathering place where even Korean grandmothers were noted to follow the dance trend of the worldwide viral hit Gangnam Style by South Korean " K-pop " rapper Psy in September 2012; while the nearby Fort Lee Koreatown is also emerging as such. The Chusok Korean Thanksgiving harvest festival has become an annual tradition in Bergen County, attended by several tens of thousands. Bergen County's growing Korean community

1143-756: A home in the 1950s signaling to other ethnic minorities that they could move into Orange County. Since then, Koreans have spread throughout northern Orange County, mainly concentrating in Buena Park , Fullerton , Cerritos , La Palma , Cypress , and Irvine . Garden Grove is now home to more than 1,500 Korean businesses, and has held a Korean festival, night market, and parade every year since 1983. Mostly older and more traditional Korean businesses and food are found in Garden Grove, while newer and trendier Seoul based chains often locate in Buena Park and Irvine. The Source OC

1270-407: A large Korean American community; this is notably high considering the overall Korean ethnicity ratio of 0.59% in the U.S. Washington State (1.28%), New Jersey (1.19%), and Virginia (1.09%) also have relatively large Korean American communities. Maryland 's proportion is 0.97%, and Alaska 's is 0.95%. Nevada has 0.72%, New York City 0.71%, and Georgia 0.69%. The two metropolitan areas with

1397-463: A master's degree at Harvard University , and a PhD from Princeton University in 1910. In 1910, he returned to Korea and became a political activist. He later became the first president of the Republic of Korea . In 1903, the first group of Korean laborers came to Hawaii on January 13, now known annually as Korean American Day. The migration of Koreans to Hawaii can be explained by conditions in both

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1524-456: A multilingual exit poll from the 2012 election, 77% of Korean Americans voted for Democrat Barack Obama , while only 20% voted for Republican Mitt Romney . The poll also showed that 60% of Korean Americans identify themselves as being Democrats, while only 14% of Korean Americans identify themselves as being Republican. In the 2016 presidential election, a majority of Korean Americans (75%) voted for Hillary Clinton. Elected in 1992, Jay Kim

1651-455: A negotiated surrender (which guaranteed religious tolerance and protection of private property) was made to transfer control of the area to the British crown. Elizabethtown was founded as the capitol and became the first officially English-speaking settlement, named after the wife of the province's proprietor, Sir George Cateret. In 1666, Newark was established by Puritans from Connecticut. By 1675,

1778-653: A sailing expedition for the Dutch West India Company which led to the establishment of the Dutch provincial colony of New Netherland , with its capital at New Amsterdam . During that exploration, he laid anchor in the Upper New York Bay and Weehawken Coves . In 1630, land along the west bank of the river which bears his name was acquired and called Pavonia . Clusters of settlements were located at Communipaw , Harsimus , and Paulus Hook , and later at Hoboken , Pamrapo , Kewan / Minkakwa , and Vriessendael . Some of

1905-752: A similar memorial was announced in nearby Hackensack, to be raised behind the Bergen County Courthouse , alongside memorials to the Holocaust , the Great Irish Famine , the Armenian genocide , and Slavery in the United States and was unveiled in March 2013. An apology and monetary compensation of roughly $ 8,000,000 by Japan to South Korea in December 2015 for these crimes largely fell flat in Bergen County, where

2032-535: A survey conducted in 2022–2023, Korean Americans have the second largest percentage of individuals who identity as Christian. Fifty-nine percent of Korean Americans identify as Christian. These statistics are in contrast with other Asian American groups such as the Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and Vietnamese of whom 15 to 36% identify as Christian. The majority of Korean Americans across various social categories go to church. Won Moo Hurh attributes this to 4 factors, including

2159-650: Is a controversial one: many individuals claim that the "model minority" label derides other communities of color and dismisses the challenges that the Korean Americans, and other Asian American ethnic groups, face. For instance, 12.8% of all Korean Americans live at or below the poverty line. A large number of Korean Americans do not have health insurance due to language access barriers. Furthermore, older Korean Americans, who are at significant risk of developing mental health conditions, are less likely to access mental health services even when exhibiting symptoms. This

2286-572: Is a multi-level Korean themed mall in Buena Park that houses over 100 restaurants, as well as Korean themed bars, a school, K-pop stores, and a PC gaming café. A substantial number of affluent Korean American professionals have settled in Bergen County, New Jersey since the early 2000s (decade) and have founded various academically and communally supportive organizations, including the Korean Parent Partnership Organization at

2413-566: Is available to a variety of "loop" buses. Cape Liberty Cruise Port , opened in 2004, restored passenger ships service to the waterfront. New Jersey Transit as well as private companies provide bus service. Journal Square , Exchange Place , Hoboken Terminal , and Bergenline (HBLR) Station are major origination, destination and transfer points. Manhattan-bound bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station Local (and some suburban) service

2540-593: Is being constructed as single-family housing, multi-family apartments, and condominiums. Access to the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail has spurred much development. The yet unbuilt Northern Branch is planned for a route on the west side of the Palisades. The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway has been constructed to provide contiguous public access to the water's edge with an 18.5-mile (29.8 km) pedestrian promenade. Development pressure has led to attempts to preserve

2667-643: Is due to stigma and cultural misconceptions regarding mental health conditions. Los Angeles has emerged as a major center of the Korean American community. The city has undergone a rapid transition in the 1990s marked by an influx of Koreans and investment by Korean banks and corporations. Many entrepreneurs opened small businesses, and were hard hit by the 1992 Los Angeles riots More recently, L.A.'s Koreatown has been perceived to have experienced declining political power secondary to re-districting, and an increased crime rate, prompting an exodus of Koreans from

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2794-592: Is hard to determine the accuracy of this reporting due to the figures being sourced from the Korean Consulate in Korea, and the channels of various Korean-affiliated organizations. For example, tens of thousands of immigrant women who have been married to USFK since the 1950s and who have been adopted since the liberation of the United States have not been identified in the Korean consulate statistics. Korean Americans can speak

2921-488: Is home to many points of historical interest, including districts, private homes, places of worship, train stations, civic and industrial architecture, and structures of engineering significance. The Statue of Liberty , Ellis Island , and the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal national symbols of mass immigration to the United States are all located on the Upper New York Bay . The Edison National Historic Site and

3048-499: Is home to one of the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area 's three major airports. Much of the rail and surface transit system is operated by New Jersey Transit and the high transit ridership is mostly oriented to commuters traveling to downtown Newark, lower and midtown Manhattan, and increasingly, the Hudson Waterfront. Outside of the most "city-like" areas of Greater Newark, Elizabeth, Hudson County, and Greater Paterson,

3175-526: Is identified by single or double digits: 1 , 2 , 22 , 23 , 64 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 and 88 . Manhattan (with local stops) and some suburban service is identified by triple digits: 120 , 121 , 123 , 125 , 154 , 156 , 158 , 159 , 163 , 165 , 166 , 168 , 181 and 188 . Vehicle crossings and highways are the Bayonne Bridge to Staten Island ; the Holland Tunnel into Lower Manhattan, Interstate 78 , U.S. Route 1/9 ;

3302-401: Is increasing at a rate of 16.5%. Prominent scholars and Korean associations have reported that the Korean American population surpassed 2.5–3 million in the 2020s. However, the number of Korean Americans residing in the United States is fewer than that, according to some statistics. As of 2022, Americans of Korean descent composed an estimated 0.5% of the population, or 1,501,587 people. As

3429-674: Is on Jamaica Bay in Queens . Teterboro Airport , in the Hackensack Meadowlands , serves private and corporate planes. Before the 17th century, the region was populated by the Hackensack and Tappan , phratries of the Lenni-Lenape , an Algonquian people, who maintained semi-permanent and seasonal campsites throughout the diverse landscape. They are recalled throughout the region in countless places names. In 1609, Henry Hudson captained

3556-489: Is on brownfields that were once factories, warehouses, docks, and rail yards, particularly in areas along public transportation corridors. It has been called the Gold Coast, a relatively new term coined by real estate agents, brokers, and developers in the 1980s, who realized the investment potential of the area. The name is infrequently used outside the context of real estate sales and marketing. Other residential development

3683-523: Is part of the Greater New York media market . Many communities have weekly local newspapers specific to their towns, while other daily newspapers have a broader readership and are commonly available in retail shops and for delivery. The following newspapers are daily newspapers serving the Gateway Region market. The region has ethnic market stations as well as commercial stations that mainly address

3810-637: Is the Korean-American community near the GWB Plaza  – it represents over half of the state's entire Korean population. Nearby Palisades Park boasts the highest percentage (36.38%) and total number (6,065) of Koreans among all municipalities in the state, while Fort Lee has the second-highest total number (5,978) and third-highest percentage (17.18%); Edgewater also has a significant Korean population. The commercial districts of Palisades Park, Fort Lee, Cliffside Park, Edgewater, and Fairview collectively compose

3937-426: Is the most densely populated. Guttenberg, although one of the smallest municipalities, stretching from 68th Street to 71st Street at 128 acres (0.52 km), is the most densely populated "town" in the country. Many others are on the list of most densely populated places in the United States . The region is very ethnically diverse. Jersey City is the "most diverse" city in the United States. Five municipalities are on

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4064-616: Is the nation's northernmost and is along the corridor with other heavy industry. It was at this time that the Chemical Coast began to be developed. The Paterson Silk Strike took place in 1913. The Hudson Waterfront became home to heavy industry and shipping. Among the industries that would prosper in the first half of the 20th century were Alcoa Aluminum, the Ford Motor Company, Lever Brothers, Valvoline Oil Co. and Archer-Daniels-Midland. While immigration to Ellis Island decreased

4191-495: Is the residence of the world's most extensive Korean diasporas, largely from South Korea. As of 2006, due to historical diplomatic challenges stemming from the Korean War in the 1950s, the number of North Korean defectors to the United States has remained below 220, constituting a negligible 0.008352 percent of the total Korean American demographic. Thus, it is evident that an overwhelming majority, approximately 99.991648 percent, of

4318-588: The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad , forerunner of the PATH system, was opened as a partially successful attempt to connect all the rail stations (as well as those in Manhattan) with a mass transit system. The only remaining station in operation is Hoboken Terminal which serves as a terminus for many New Jersey Transit commuter trains. The restored Communipaw Terminal is a prominent waterfront landmark. Upon entry to World War I

4445-595: The Atlanta metropolitan area , mainly in Gwinnett County (2.7% Korean) and Fulton County (1.0% Korean). According to the statistics of the Overseas Korean Foundation and the Republic of Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade , 107,145 South Korean children were adopted into the United States between 1953 and 2007. In a 2005 United States Census Bureau survey, an estimated 432,907 ethnic Koreans in

4572-674: The Bergen County Academies magnet high school and The Korean-American Association of New Jersey. Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck, New Jersey , within Bergen County, has undertaken an effort to provide comprehensive health care services to underinsured and uninsured Korean patients from a wide area with its Korean Medical Program , drawing over 1,500 Korean American patients to its annual health festival. Bergen County's Broad Avenue Koreatown in Palisades Park has emerged as

4699-517: The Flatbush section of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City. The boycott started by Black Nationalist , Sonny Carson , lasted for six months and became known as the Flatbush boycott . In May 2012, officials in Bergen County's borough of Palisades Park, New Jersey rejected requests by two diplomatic delegations from Japan to remove a small monument from a public park, a brass plaque on

4826-1019: The Great Falls of the Passaic River speak to the innovation of the region. Administered by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection , the New Jersey Register of Historic Places mirrors the National Register of Historic Places , and uses the same criteria for eligibility. Most counties have historical societies and many municipalities assign historic designation or preservation status. The New Jersey Historical Society maintains archives and promotes research. There are also museums with thematic exhibitions. Located near New York City, many residents and visitors take advantage of and contribute to performances in music, theater, and dance. There are many theater and dance companies throughout

4953-904: The Hackensack River and the Passaic River / Newark Bay , and the Raritan . The topography of the area is quite varied, with the Palisades and the Meadowlands in the northeast, the hills and valleys of the Watchung Mountains in the west, the Ramapo Mountains in the north, and tidal plains of the Raritan to the south. The confluence of the roads and railways of the Northeast Megalopolis make

5080-538: The Hamburg America Line , and North Hudson with the development of breweries and the embroidery industry. Many railroad terminals and maritime facilities were built there. Many immigrants to the USA arrived, first via Castle Clinton and later via Ellis Island . The development of the ports resulted in intense shipping and industrial development along the shore, and residential development further inland. Blasting of

5207-605: The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 , Koreans became one of the fastest growing Asian groups in the United States, surpassed only by Filipinos . The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the quota system that had restricted the numbers of Asians allowed to enter the United States. Over 560,000 Koreans have immigrated to the US from 1970 to 1990. Large numbers of Koreans, including some from North Korea who had come via South Korea, have immigrated ever since, placing Korea in

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5334-604: The Korean War and later emigrated to the United States. Since the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 allowed North Korean defectors to be admitted as refugees, about 130 have settled in the U.S. under that status after 2004. The counties with largest Korean population are Los Angeles County and Orange County in California, Bergen County in New Jersey, and Queens County in New York. Korean Immigration to

5461-772: The Ku Klux Klan . Radburn was founded in 1929 as "a town for the motor age". The Kearney Works of Western Electric kept the plant running with "make work" program, similar to WPA projects. The region played an important role in the World War II effort. PT boats were manufactured by Elco in Bayonne. Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY) was opened in 1942 as a U.S. military base (remained in operation until 1999). General Motors produced planes at Linden Assembly .The Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company would produce over thirty ships before its closing in 1949. In 1946,

5588-511: The Lincoln Tunnel to Midtown Manhattan, NJ 495 , Route 3 , and the George Washington Bridge to Upper Manhattan, Palisades Interstate Parkway , U.S. Route 46 , Interstate 95 , Interstate 80 Newark Liberty Airport (EWR) is the closest international airport in New Jersey with scheduled passenger service. LaGuardia Airport (LGA) is in Flushing, Queens and John F. Kennedy Airport (JFK)

5715-629: The Meadowlands Rail Line . The teams are: The venues include: The region has some of the highest concentration of super fund sites in the nation. 40°48′N 74°12′W  /  40.8°N 74.2°W  / 40.8; -74.2 Korean-American Korean Americans ( Korean :  한국계 미국인 ) are Americans who are of full or partial Korean ethnic descent. The majority of Korean Americans trace their ancestry to South Korea . The term Korean Americans (also rendered as Korean-Americans ) usually encompasses citizens of

5842-617: The Oriental Exclusion Act) also worked to systematically exclude Korean immigrants from coming to the US. Due to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 , opportunities were more open to Asian Americans, enabling Korean Americans to move out of enclaves into middle-class neighborhoods. When the Korean War ended in 1953, small numbers of students and professionals entered the United States. A larger group of immigrants included women married with U.S. servicemen commonly referred to as "war brides". These women faced discrimination in

5969-544: The Palisades and landfilling along the water's edge considerably changed the landscape. Rail and trolley car lines were laid, some overland, while others traversed cuts or tunnels. Before the construction, in 1910, of the Pennsylvania Railroad 's North River Tunnels under the Hudson, railroads terminated on the west bank of the river, requiring passengers and cargo to travel by ferry or barge to Manhattan . That year,

6096-415: The Province of New Jersey . In 1668, a charter was granted for the "Towne and Corporation of Bergen". In 1683, East Jersey was divided into four counties, the waterfront region keeping the name given by the New Netherlanders . Bergen encompassed the land between the North River and Hackensack River from Bergen Point north to the ambiguous New York-New Jersey state line For much of the 18th century

6223-404: The Shore Region , Central Jersey Region , and the Skylands Region . The Gateway National Recreation Area , though not located inside the Gateway Region, is nearby. The Gateway Region is home to New Jersey's six largest municipalities: Newark , Jersey City , Paterson , Elizabeth , Woodbridge Township , and Edison . Major rivers and the bays include the Hudson River / Upper New York Bay ,

6350-413: The United States Bicentennial in 1776. Gentrification of Hoboken and Downtown Jersey City 's 19th-century districts began. NY Waterway restored ferry service across the Hudson in 1986. Begun in the 1980s. Since the 1990s the Hudson Waterfront has experienced intensive development, consisting largely of high-density residential buildings, office towers , and retail centers. Some of this development

6477-403: The baseball color line was first crossed at Roosevelt Stadium by Jackie Robinson . The Second Great Migration and the G.I. Bill changed the social geography as well as the physical geography of the Gateway. Planned and built during the 1950s Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the first and largest container port in the eastern United States. Direct distance dialing (DDD)

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6604-477: The baseball color line was first crossed at Roosevelt Stadium by Jackie Robinson . Among the many companies who had a presence along the waterfront were Colgate-Palmolive , Standard Oil , Port Johnston Coal Docks , Central Railroad of New Jersey , Lipton Tea , Maxwell House , Bethlehem Steel , Hamburg-American Line , Ford Motor Company , Lever Brothers , and Archer-Daniels-Midland The Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne opened during World War II. By

6731-411: The highest Korean-American density and percentage of any municipality in the United States. The city of Los Angeles contained the highest Korean American population of any city proper in 2010, approximately 108,282. Between 1990 and 2000, Georgia was home to the fastest-growing Korean community in the U.S., growing at a rate of 88.2% over that decade. There is a significant Korean American population in

6858-464: The 18th century, migration inland increased along the Horseneck Tract and Raritan Valley . Slavery and indenture were encouraged to populate the area. The third public reading of The Declaration of Independence took place in New Brunswick, but many East Jerseyans became Tories . Several battles of American Revolution took place in the region including those at Connecticut Farms , Bound Brook , and Paulus Hook . The first steam engine in America

6985-473: The 1970s most traditional industries in the region had been abandoned and the waterfront has been being redeveloped for recreational, residential, and commercial use. After the closing of Palisades Amusement Park in 1971, large residential highrises were built to replace it. Other highrise towers were constructed throughout the area which is still characterized by one and two family homes and low-rise apartment buildings. Liberty State Park opened to coincide with

7112-524: The 2008 presidential election favored Democrat Barack Obama by a 64% to 35% margin over Republican John McCain In the 2008 U.S. presidential election , Korean Americans favored Democrat Barack Obama over Republican John McCain , around 59% to 41%. However, there are still more registered Republican Korean Americans than registered Democrats. Korean Americans, due to their Republican and Christian leanings, overwhelmingly supported California's constitutional gay marriage ban, Proposition 8 . According to

7239-428: The Gateway Region including the steam engine, the revolver, the incandescent light bulb, the phonograph, the rocket engine, and the electric railway. It is the site of the first automobile and first submarine in the United States. It can claim to the birthplace of baseball and the American film industry , Television to the home was first broadcast in the Gateway. The latter half of the 19th century saw an explosion of

7366-427: The Gateway. The name may have been taken from the 1960s Newark nickname Gateway City after the newly developed Gateway Center downtown. Amtrak's high-speed rail project throughout the region is called Gateway . It is one of seven tourism regions established by the New Jersey State Department of Tourism, the others being the Greater Atlantic City Region , the Southern Shore Region , the Delaware River Region ,

7493-403: The Korean American population traces its roots to South Korea. The Republic of Korea is acknowledged as a principal ally of the United States, fostering a relationship built on mutual values, intertwined economic interests, and strategic security cooperation. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of South Korea, as of 2021, the population of Overseas Koreans residing in the United States

7620-493: The New York City Metropolitan Area, at 6.5% of Bergen County's population in 2022, was the highest of any county in the United States. Bergen County, host to the county's highly ranked Academies magnet public high school as well as to the North American headquarters operations of South Korean chaebols including Samsung , LG Corp , and Hanjin Shipping , was home to all of the nation's top 10 municipalities by percentage of Korean population. These top 10 municipalities in

7747-406: The New York City metropolitan area have the largest populations of Koreans outside of the Korean Peninsula. Among Korean Americans born in Korea , the Los Angeles metropolitan area had 226,000 as of 2012; New York (including Northern New Jersey ) had 153,000 Korean-born Korean Americans; and Washington had 60,000. By percentage, the Korean American population of Bergen County , New Jersey , in

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7874-455: The Overseas Koreans Foundation reporting a figure of 2,615,419. As of 2023, the United States, which is home to the largest population of overseas Koreans , has the following distribution of Korean Americans. In 2023, the proportion of Korean Americans in the population varies significantly across the United States. The highest proportion is in Hawaii, accounting for 3.87% of the state's total population. California follows with 1.43%, hosting

8001-405: The Right Thing . Their children, along with those of other Asian Americans, would also be noted in headlines and magazine covers in the 1980s for their numbers in prestigious universities and highly skilled white collar professions. Favorable socioeconomic status and education have led to the painting of Asian Americans, including Korean Americans, as a " model minority ". However, this label

8128-468: The U.S. Congress in 2005. It honors the significant contributions of Korean Americans in various fields such as small business, the military, faith leadership, medicine, the arts, and politics, reflecting over a century of their impact on American society. Celebrities are named at List of Korean Americans . In a poll from the Asia Times before the 2004 U.S. presidential election , Korean Americans narrowly favored Republican candidate George W. Bush by

8255-414: The U.S. were native-born Americans, and 973,780 were foreign-born . Korean Americans that were naturalized citizens numbered at 530,100, while 443,680 Koreans in the U.S. were not American citizens. While people living in North Korea cannot—except under rare circumstances—leave their country, there are many people of North Korean origin living in the U.S., a substantial portion who fled to the south during

8382-519: The US and Korea. Koreans suffered from a series of natural disasters and heavy taxation. In Hawaii, plantation owners who had relied upon Chinese and Japanese labor faced a labor shortage after the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Koreans were brought in as an alternative labor source. King Kojong promoted Korean immigration by establishing a Korean Department of Emigration and granting American businessmen permission to recruit Koreans for immigration to Korea. Between 1904 and 1907, about 1,000 Koreans entered

8509-402: The US as well as in South Korea, where many were labelled as whores or traitors. Following in 1953, South Korea had allowed international adoption. This had stemmed from the result of the Korean war as it left many children displaced. As a result of allowing external adoption in South Korea , a majority of the children have been adopted from families across the United States. With the passage of

8636-439: The US can be divided into four phases: Around 1884, following the establishment of diplomatic relations between the US and Korea (then referred to as Chosen) through the Treaty of Peace, Anmity, Commerce, and Navigation , a small number of diplomats entered the US as part of the 1883 Korean special mission to the United States . Included among the members of this mission were Min Yong-ik  [ ko ] and Yu Kil-chun ,

8763-424: The US government took the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken under eminent domain , and which became the major point of embarkation for more than three million soldiers, known as " doughboys ". In 1916, an act of sabotage literally and figuratively shook the region when German agents set off bombs at the munitions depot in New York Bay at Black Tom . The fore-runner of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

8890-432: The US through a third country. Individuals such as Whang Sa Sun, who were deeply involved in the Korean independence movement also came to the US to escape Japanese persecution. Between 1905 and 1910, political activities in Korean American communities surged in opposition towards Japanese aggression towards Korea. Korean Americans formed organizations throughout the US, with a concentration in Hawaii and California. In 1903,

9017-529: The United States came to a virtual halt. The Japanese colonial government had initially allowed Koreans to immigrate to the US starting in 1902, but later banned Korean emigration to secure manpower on the Korean peninsula and to protect Japanese Americans from Korean competition in the US. The Japanese government did, however, allow Korean women to immigrate to the US (many of whom arrived as picture brides) to pacify nationalist sentiment in Korean American communities. The Immigration Act of 1924 (also referred to as

9144-579: The United States in 1902 for education. He founded the Friendship Society in 1903 and the Mutual Assistance Society. He was also a political activist during the Japanese occupation of Korea . Another prominent figure among the Korean immigrant community was Syngman Rhee , a Methodist. He came to the United States in 1904 and earned a bachelor's degree at George Washington University in 1907,

9271-482: The United States of full or partial Korean descent. While the broader term Overseas Korean in America ( 미주한인/재미교포/재미한인 ) may refer to ethnic Koreans residing in the U.S., the specific designation of Korean American implies that an individual holds American citizenship . Korean Americans may, however, possess dual-citizenship with the Republic of Korea. Known as "dual citizens by birth" (or 선천적 복수국적자), these individuals are

9398-464: The activities of Korean Americans across North America, holding mass protests and positioning itself as the official representative of Korean Americans. Leaders included An Changho, Syngman Rhee, and Park Yong-man . This organization, along with many others, would play a key role in the Korean independence movement between 1910 and 1945. After the annexation of Korea by Japan in 1910, Korean migration to

9525-573: The airport its major hub, increasing the airport's passenger volumes. Liberty State Park opened in 1976. Gentrification of the Hoboken and Downtown Jersey City nineteenth-century districts began in the late 1970s, which led to the eventual redevelopment of the Hudson Waterfront . Secaucus Junction , Midtown Direct , and the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail began service and changed local commuting patterns. The Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act

9652-660: The area of the English Neighborhood was settled. In the American Revolutionary War the New York Harbor was under British control after Washington ordered the retreat from Fort Lee , though he gave instructions to "go to the Bergen heights, Weehawk, Hoebuck or other heights to observe the motions of the enemy's shipping" and gather any other possible intelligence. The attack of the British garrison at Paulus Hook

9779-790: The area. Furthermore, the aftermath of the 1992 riots witnessed a large number of Koreans from Southern California moving to the San Francisco Bay Area and opening businesses and buying property near downtown Oakland , furthering the growth of that city's Koreatown until the early 2000s. According to Park (1998), the violence against Korean Americans in 1992 stimulated a new wave of political activism among Korean Americans, but it also split them into two main camps. The "liberals" sought to unite with other minorities in Los Angeles to fight against racial oppression and scapegoating. The "conservatives," emphasized law and order and generally favored

9906-620: The automobile remains the most common means of intra-regional travel. The Port of New York and New Jersey is the busiest on the East Coast of the United States . Commercial scheduled passenger service: General aviation: The Port of New York and New Jersey is the nation's third busiest. Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , was the first in the nation to containerize , It and Port Jersey in Bayonne and Jersey City include large segments that are part of Foreign Trade Zone 49. The Gateway

10033-414: The children of parents with South Korean citizenship born in the US. As of 2021, it is estimated that there are 20,000 second generation Korean Americans who are dual citizens by birth. In contrast to Northeast Asia, which is grappling with a significant low birth rate issue, the number of Korean Americans with both parents from Korea is growing by 5.9%. Moreover, the population of those with mixed heritage

10160-564: The communities were compromised in conflicts with the indigenous population known as Kieft's War and the Peach War . Director-General of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant granted a charter in 1660 for a village at Bergen Square , considered the first autonomous municipality in New Jersey. In 1664, four English frigates entered the Upper New York Bay , demanded, and peacefully received, control of Fort Amsterdam , and by extension, all of New Netherland. Bergen, New Netherland thus became part of

10287-696: The east lies the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn , to the south Staten Island , to the west Newark Bay and the New Jersey Meadowlands and to the north Northern Valley and the Palisades Interstate Park . The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway , which includes sections of the East Coast Greenway , travels along the Hudson River. During the Dutch colonial era , the area

10414-529: The economic and social policies of the Republican Party. The conservatives tended to emphasize the political differences between Koreans and other minorities, specifically blacks and Hispanics. Abelmann and Lie, (1997) report that the most profound result was the politicization of Korean Americans, all across the U.S. The younger generation especially realized they had been too uninvolved in American politics, and

10541-597: The first U.S. monument to pay respects to comfort women was erected. According to The Record , the Korean American Association of New Jersey petitioned Bergen County school officials in 2013 to use textbooks that refer to the Sea of Japan as the East Sea as well. In February 2014, Bergen County lawmakers announced legislative efforts to include the name East Sea in future New Jersey school textbooks. In April 2014,

10668-573: The five Korean Americans elected to the U.S. Congress, only Andy Kim was born in the United States: Jay Kim, Young Kim, Michelle Steel, and Marilyn Strickland were all born in Korea and immigrated, with Strickland having a father in the American military. Religious Makeup of Korean-Americans (2012) Korean Americans have historically had a very strong Christian—particularly Protestant—heritage. Between 60% and 65% identify as Christian; 40% of those consist of immigrants who were not Christians at

10795-680: The foot of the Palisades in Hoboken and Weehawken waterfront, Bergenline and Tonnelle Avenues. The PATH provides 24-hour subway service from Hoboken Terminal (HOB) and Downtown Jersey City and Journal Square (JSQ) to Midtown Manhattan (33rd), the World Trade Center (WTC), and Newark Penn Station (NWK). NY Waterway provides ferry service, from Jersey City, Hoboken and Weehawken Port Imperial and Edgewater Landing to Battery Park City Ferry Terminal and Wall Street in lower Manhattan, and to West Midtown Ferry Terminal , where free transfer

10922-977: The growing Egyptian community. In many communities in the Hudson Waterfront, English is not the first language spoken at home. Rail service includes New Jersey Transit 's Hoboken Division: Main Line to Suffern (and in partnership with MTA / Metro-North , express service to Port Jervis ), Bergen County Line , and Pascack Valley Line , all via Secaucus Junction (where transfer is possible to Northeast Corridor Line ); Montclair-Boonton Line and Morris and Essex Lines (both via Newark Broad Street Station ); North Jersey Coast Line (limited service as Waterfront Connection via Newark Penn Station to Long Branch and Bay Head ); Raritan Valley Line (limited service via Newark Penn Station ). All of these services stop at Hoboken Terminal . The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail : serves Bayonne , Liberty State Park , Jersey City's West Side , Downtown Jersey City , Hoboken Terminal , along

11049-537: The growing Korean hub of Bergen County, New Jersey, across the George Washington Bridge from New York City , were led by Palisades Park , the municipality with the highest density of ethnic Koreans in the Western Hemisphere . Displaying ubiquitous Hangul signage and known as the Korean Village , Palisades Park uniquely comprises a Korean majority, at 53.7% of the borough 's population in 2022. with both

11176-716: The highest Korean American populations as per the 2010 census were the Greater Los Angeles area Combined Statistical Area (334,329) and the Greater New York Combined Statistical Area (218,764). The Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area ranks third, with approximately 93,000 Korean Americans clustered in Howard and Montgomery Counties in Maryland and Fairfax County in Virginia. Southern California and

11303-794: The industrial revolution in America, supported in part by the Morris Canal built in the 1820s. A century later Thomas Edison , the Wizard of Menlo Park, made his mark. In 1872 the Singer Manufacturing Company of New York opened a factory in Elizabethport along Trumbull Street next to the intersection of the CNJ mainline with the Perth Amboy and Elizabethport Branch. Many discoveries and inventions, or application or mass production of them, were made in

11430-603: The largest group within the Overseas Korean community, Korean Americans often trace their lineage to South Korea, which accounts for the majority of their ancestral origins. As of 2023, Korean Americans made up about 0.6% of the U.S. population, numbering approximately 2 million people. They are the fifth-largest subgroup within the Asian American community, following Chinese Americans , Filipino Americans , Indian Americans , and Vietnamese Americans . The United States

11557-408: The latter half of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries, the area experienced intense growth. The short-lived Eldorado Amusement Park and Palisades Amusement Park were both developed atop the cliffs at the turn of the 20th century. German immigration to the United States after 1848 gave the parts of the region a distinctly German flavor, particularly Hoboken, which became a major port for

11684-410: The latter of whom stayed in the US for several years to study, making him the first Korean exchange student in the US. One of the first Korean Americans was Philip Jaisohn , who came to America in 1884 and became a leader in the movement for Korean independence . Another prominent figure among the Korean immigrant community is Ahn Chang Ho , art name Dosan, a Protestant social activist. He came to

11811-581: The list of the 100 cities (with a population over 5,000) with the highest percentages of foreign-born residents: West New York (65.2%), Union City (58.7%), Guttenberg (48.7%), Fairview (48.4%), and Fort Lee (44.7%). Palisades Park , a borough adjacent to Fort Lee, is also on the list, with 57.0%. North Hudson has the second-largest Cuban American population in the United States after Miami . West New York, North Bergen, Union City, Guttenberg and Weehawken have Cuban American populations between 8.75% (Weehawken) and 19.64% (West New York). Another large immigrant group

11938-450: The lower Palisades as a natural resource. Gateway Region The Gateway Region is the primary urbanized area of the northeastern section of New Jersey . It is anchored by Newark , the state's most populous city. It is part of the New York metropolitan area . The area encompasses Bergen , Essex , Hudson , Passaic , Union and Middlesex counties. It is the most urban part of

12065-579: The mainland from Hawaii through San Francisco. Many Koreans dispersed along the Pacific Coast as farm workers or as wage laborers in mining companies and as section hands on the railroads. Picture brides became a common practice for marriage to Korean men. Other than those seeking better economic opportunities in the US, there were also Koreans who left for the US as refugees of the Japanese empire. Between 1910 and 1918, 541 students escaped Japan and arrived in

12192-538: The metropolitan New York City market as a whole. The WNJN network for New Jersey PBS affiliate stations provide New Jersey-specific news coverage. Television stations located in and broadcasting from Gateway : Radio stations in the Gateway Region include: There are re-occurring events throughout the year in the Gateway including street fairs , First Nights , Summer stock theatre , county fairs , fireworks , and other festivals . Among them are: The Gateway Region

12319-439: The most ethnically diverse of the nation. It may also be the most socio-economically diverse, with some of the biggest pockets of poverty and most exclusive of suburbs in the state. The designation Gateway Region has not caught on in local parlance, as the topography and self-identification of the residents tend not to correspond to the collective name. The terms North Jersey and Central Jersey are used in describing parts of

12446-718: The nation's first container terminal in 1958, and was for many years its busiest. The Newark Riots and the Plainfield Riots took place in 1967. The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission was established in 1969 to protect the delicate balance of nature, provide for orderly development, and manage solid waste activities in the New Jersey Meadowlands District, and the Meadowlands Sports Complex opened in 1976. Terminals A, B, and C at Newark Airport were completed in 1973. People's Express later made

12573-651: The patroonship Pavonia was established and 1660, after series of confrontations with the Lenape, that the first chartered village was established on the west bank of the North River at Bergen Square , creating the oldest municipality in the state. Descendants of the New Netherlanders spread across North Jersey , and influenced its development and character for generations. When the English entered New York Harbor in 1664,

12700-596: The population continued to grow, in part due to the Great Migration . Upon entry into World War I, the US government took the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken under eminent domain , which became the major point of embarkation for more than three million soldiers, known as " doughboys ". Camp Merritt was established in Cresskill for troop staging. In 1916, an act of sabotage literally and figuratively shook

12827-467: The population. German immigration to the United States after 1848 gave the parts of the region a distinctly German flavor. Rail lines which still cross-cross the region, led to the development of the shipping industry at the North River (Hudson River) , Newark Bay , and Kill van Kull , and the beginnings of suburban developments such as Llewellyn Park . Streetcar suburbs also began to develop elsewhere. The Bayway Refinery , which started in 1907,

12954-551: The region become the proprietary colony of East Jersey (establishing a border with New York State, which was formalized in 1738). It was partitioned into four counties for administrative purposes: Bergen County , Essex County , Middlesex County and Monmouth County . Settlement remained sparse, though some towns were created within farming communities and along rivers and bays. Among them are Perth Amboy in 1684, Hackensack and Piscataway in 1693, and New Brunswick in 1736 (which later became home to Rutgers University ). During

13081-485: The region has been known as Bergen Neck , the lower peninsula, and Bergen Hill , lower Hudson Palisades . It has sometimes been called the Gold Coast . The municipalities comprising the Hudson Waterfront are Bayonne , Jersey City , Hoboken , Union City , Weehawken , West New York , Guttenberg and North Bergen in Hudson County and Fairview , Cliffside Park , Edgewater and Fort Lee in Bergen County . To

13208-502: The region very heavily traveled. Chemical Coast is a nickname for the heavily industrial area along the Arthur Kill . Though there are broad distinctions between cities, suburbs, heavy industry, light manufacturing, recreational "green spaces", nature preserves, and retail, transportation, and maritime infrastructure, the landscape is characterized by their close proximity to each other, as is typical of urban sprawl . The Gateway Region

13335-573: The region when German agents set off bombs at the munitions depot in New York Bay at Black Tom . Another act of sabotage known as the Kingsland Explosion occurred on January 11, 1917. The T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosion , though not considered sabotage, also caused tremendous damage. The forerunner of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was established on April 30, 1921. Huge transportation projects opened between

13462-430: The region. Major companies, events, and performance venues include: The Gateway is home to five teams from major professional sports leagues playing in the state (though three teams identify as being from New York), as well as minor league teams. Since the 1970s several new stadiums and arenas have been built mostly near Downtown Newark or as part of the Meadowlands Sports Complex , which since 2009 can be reached with

13589-544: The riot shifted their political attention from South Korea to conditions in the United States. Also accelerated by the 1992 riots, Orange County's Korean population grew from its starting point in Koreatown, Garden Grove . As of 2020, Orange County had the second largest number of Korean Americans of any county in America, neighboring Los Angeles County has the most, numbering over 229,593. Koreans originally moved into Garden Grove after Olympic gold medalist Sammy Lee bought

13716-709: The same year that the first Korean laborers arrived in Hawai, Koreans formed the Sinminhoe (New People's Association). In 1909, two of the largest Korean American organizations would merge to form the Korean National Association , the largest Korean immigrant organization in North America. Established in San Francisco, The Korean National Association, would eventually expand to 130 chapters. The organization coordinated

13843-569: The site for 18 known duels between 1700 and 1845, including the Burr–Hamilton duel in 1804. In 1811, Colonol John Stevens ' ship the Juliana , began operation as the first steam -powered ferry service was between Manhattan and Hoboken , which can claim to be the birthplace of baseball The first officially recorded game of baseball in US history took place in Elysian Fields in 1846. During

13970-428: The state, with a population of more than four million, and is home to most of its larger cities , though much housing was originally developed as suburbs of neighbouring New York City . It is home to Ellis Island , the "gateway" through which many immigrants entered the United States, many of whom chose to stay in the region, which continues to be the port of entry and first home to many born abroad, making it one of

14097-417: The time of their arrival in the United States. There are about 4,000 Korean Christian churches in the United States. According to a 2016 survey, Presbyterian churches accounted for 42%, followed by Baptists (17%) and Methodists (12%). However, according to a study by UC Riverside in 2020, 64% of Korean American Christians identify as Presbyterians, followed by Methodists (11%) and Baptists (7%). According to

14224-795: The top six countries of origin of immigrants to the United States since 1975. The reasons for immigration vary and include the desire for freedom and to seek better economic opportunities. The 1965 Immigration Act also generated a shift in the demographics of the Korean American community, with "new immigrants" making up the majority of the Korean American population. In the 1980s and 1990s, Koreans became noted not only for starting small businesses such as dry cleaners or convenience stores, but also for diligently planting churches. They would venture into abandoned cities and start up businesses which happened to be predominantly African American in demographics. This would sometimes lead to publicized tensions with customers as dramatized in movies such as Spike Lee's Do

14351-430: The villages remained essentially agricultural and fishing communities, supplying the growing city of New York across the river, using ferries including those at Communipaw , Paulus Hook , Weehawken , Bulls Ferry and Burdett's Landing . It was during the colonial period that Newark Plank Road , Hackensack Plank Road and Paterson Plank Road , thoroughfares from the waterfront across the Meadowlands , were laid, and

14478-589: The wars: The Holland Tunnel in 1927, The George Washington Bridge in 1931, The Bayonne Bridge in 1931, and The Lincoln Tunnel in 1937, allowing vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City to bypass the waterfront. Hackensack River crossings, notably the Pulaski Skyway , were also built. Newark Airport was the first major airport in the New York Metropolitan Area , opening on October 1, 1928. At Houvenkopf Mountain crosses were burned by

14605-496: Was 2,633,777. This figure includes both U.S. citizens of Korean descent and South Korean nationals living in the U.S. Specifically, there were 1,529,855 U.S. citizens of Korean descent and 1,103,922 South Korean nationals. By 2021, the U.S. Census Bureau reported the number of Korean Americans as 1,469,854, considering only those who identified with a single race. Notably, about 1,011,589 of these individuals were born in Korea. The population has remained relatively stable into 2023, with

14732-678: Was appointed instead as deputy general counsel of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . According to The Record of Bergen County, the U.S. Census Bureau has determined the county's Korean American population—2010 census figures put it at 56,773 (increasing to 63,247 by the 2011 American Community Survey ) —grew enough to warrant language assistance during elections, and Bergen County's Koreans have earned significant political respect . As of May 2014, Korean Americans had garnered at least four borough council seats in Bergen County. In 1990, Korean American owned shops were boycotted in

14859-538: Was cited by county executive Kathleen Donovan in the context of Hackensack, New Jersey attorney Jae Y. Kim's appointment to Central Municipal Court judgeship in January 2011. Subsequently, in January 2012, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie nominated attorney Phillip Kwon of Bergen County for New Jersey Supreme Court justice, although this nomination was rejected by the state's Senate Judiciary Committee, and in July 2012, Kwon

14986-426: Was established on April 30, 1921. Huge transportation projects opened between the wars: The Holland Tunnel in 1927, The Bayonne Bridge in 1931, and The Lincoln Tunnel in 1937, allowing vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City to bypass the waterfront. Hackensack River crossings, notably the Pulaski Skyway , were also built. 125th Street Hudson River bridge never got beyond planning stages. In 1946,

15113-770: Was foreign to them. The Lenape retreated to the west as settlements grew, and "agreed" to re-locate in 1766 with the Treaty of Easton , though some became part of the Ramapough Mountain Indians . Henry Hudson , an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company anchored his ship the Halve Maen ( Half Moon ) at Sandy Hook and Weehawken Cove in 1609. The area became part of the colonial province of New Netherland with headquarters in New Amsterdam . In 1630

15240-623: Was introduced at the Schuyler Copper Mine on New Barbadoes Neck in 1755. In 1791, Alexander Hamilton help found the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures (S.U.M.), which encouraged the harnessing of the water power of the Great Falls of the Passaic and to secure economic independence from British manufacturers. Paterson , which was founded by the society, became the cradle of

15367-683: Was introduced on November 10, 1951, in Englewood The northern parts of the New Jersey Turnpike were opened between 1952 and 1956. The metropolitan section (north of the Driscoll Bridge ) of the Garden State Parkway was completed in 1957. Bergen Town Center was the first mall in New Jersey, opened in 1957, soon followed by Westfield Garden State Plaza . and The Mall at Short Hills . Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal became

15494-493: Was passed in 2004 to protect the watershed which supplies much of the region. Cory Booker became mayor of Newark in 2006. The Prudential Center opened in downtown Newark in 2007. American Dream Meadowlands , a large shopping and entertainment complex, opened on October 25, 2019. The Gateway Region has an extensive network of national highways, state freeways, and toll roads; commuter and long-distance trains; an expanding light rail system; local and interstate bus routes; and

15621-602: Was rampant, with 70 to 80% of nail salon owners in New York being Korean, per the Korean American Nail Salon Association; with the growth and concentration in the number of salons in New York City far outstripping the remainder of the United States since 2000, according to the U.S. Census Bureau . Abuses routinely included underpayment and non-payment to employees for services rendered, exacting poor working conditions, and stratifying pay scales and working conditions for Korean employees above non-Koreans. It

15748-400: Was seen as a victory for American forces. Urbanization of the area began in the early 19th century with City of Jersey and the development of Hoboken , Weehawken , and Edgewater as summer resorts. While some districts were laid out in an urban grid, others developed more randomly following the construction of coach and ferry roads, or drives leading to larger estates or farms. Weehawken was

15875-645: Was the first Korean American person elected to Congress. He represented portions of Orange County, California. He was defeated for re-election in the Republican primary in 1998. In 2018, Andy Kim was elected to Congress from central New Jersey, becoming the first Democratic and second overall Korean American to serve in Congress. The 2020 elections saw the first three Korean American women elected to Congress, Republicans Young Kim and Michelle Steel of California and Democrat Marilyn Strickland of Washington. Out of

16002-476: Was the territory of the Lenape Native Americans . Later called Delaware Indian , this collection of Algonquian -language speaking people included the Hackensack , Raritan , and Tappan . They are recalled in the countless number of place names given by them to towns, hills, and bodies of water. Much of the land was "purchased" by Dutch and English from the Lenape, though this concept of "ownership"

16129-465: Was under the jurisdiction of New Amsterdam and known as Bergen . Jersey City and Hoboken, in Hudson County, are sometimes referred to as the sixth borough of New York City, given their proximity and connections by PATH trains to the city. Fort Lee, in Bergen County, opposite Upper Manhattan and connected by the George Washington Bridge , has also been called New York City's sixth borough. With

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