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Perth Amboy, New Jersey

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74-575: Perth Amboy is a city in northeastern Middlesex County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey , within the New York metropolitan area . As of the 2020 United States census , the city's population was 55,436. Perth Amboy is known as the "City by the Bay", referring to its location adjoining Raritan Bay . The earliest residents of the area were the Lenape Native Americans , who called the point on which

148-541: A beacon of the Orthodox Faith and Hellenism in Middlesex County. Perth Amboy was settled by Europeans in 1683 and incorporated as a city in 1718. It was founded by English merchants, Scots seeking religious freedom, and French Protestants, who sought to make use of Perth Amboy's harbor to its full potential. Downtown is the main commercial district, and is centered on Smith Street. It is an Urban Enterprise Zone , and

222-527: A combination of the native and colonial names emerged, also appearing in South Amboy . Perth Amboy was settled by Scottish colonists around 1683 who had been recruited to inhabit the share of the East Jersey colony owned by Robert Barclay , a Quaker who would later become the absentee governor of the province. Perth Amboy was formed by Royal charter on August 4, 1718, within various townships and again by

296-450: A community center, and recreation amenities for the public as well. However, after meeting with Charles Kushner , the developer who spent two years in prison after being convicted of witness tampering, tax evasion and making illegal campaign contributions, Mayor Wilda Diaz endorsed a scaled-back design concept for the development, allowing Section 8 housing rentals instead of owner-occupied units as originally promised. The Raritan Yacht Club

370-488: A council elected from wards to staggered three-year terms, plus one councilman elected at-large for a term of two years. The mayor had a veto power, which could be overridden by a two-thirds vote of the council. The two acts differed in a number of ways, including the process for selection of a board of education (1897: elected; 1899: appointed by the council). By 1987, there were only eleven cities under these City Acts (including East Orange , which effectively operated under

444-677: A historic waterfront. The Perth Amboy Ferry Slip was once an important ferry slip on the route south from New York City; it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The Raritan Yacht Club , one of the oldest yacht clubs in the United States, is located in the city. Perth Amboy is connected to the Staten Island borough of New York City via the Outerbridge Crossing . The Lenape Native Americans called

518-560: A large and diversified Hispanic neighborhood with many Dominicans , Puerto Ricans, and recently, South Americans. Much of the city's Mexican population also lives in this section. Previously, this section of Perth Amboy had a large Irish population and was once named "Dublin". Following the Irish came the Eastern Europeans, primarily Polish and Hungarian. Most of the housing consists of small one- or two-family houses. The main commercial strip

592-521: A lesser extent. The city's largest park, Washington Park, is located here. It received its name from all the chicken farms (hens and eggs) that were located here before World War II. Perth Amboy has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ) typical of New Jersey with hot, humid summers and cold, wet winters. The city is one of many U.S. communities with a majority Hispanic population . The 2010 United States census counted 50,814 people, 15,419 households, and 11,456 families in

666-403: A museum, is here. This section of Perth Amboy once had a thriving Jewish community with yeshivas, synagogues, kosher butchers and bakers. Today, however, there are only two synagogues left, each with only a few older members. A project called 'The Landings at Harborside' was to have featured 2,100 residential units along with indoor parking, 150,000 sq ft (14,000 m) of retail space,

740-588: A park with a small bandshell. On Sunday afternoons in the summertime, Perth Amboy hosts the Concerts by the Bay in the park's bandshell. Every Thursday evening in the summer, Perth Amboy hosts the Mayor's Concert Series in Bayview Park. Perth Amboy also hosts an annual Waterfront Arts Festival. The waterfront is also characterized by a redbrick promenade near the water and many stately Victorian homes, some on hills overlooking

814-526: A result, Carteret and Berkeley became the two English lords proprietors of New Jersey. The two proprietors of New Jersey attempted to attract more settlers to move to the province by granting sections of lands to settlers and by passing the Concession and Agreement , a 1665 document that granted religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey; under the British government, there was no such religious freedom as

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888-402: A royal charter in 1718, has been recognized as the first Episcopal congregation in the state. Its current building, dating from the 1850s, is surrounded by a graveyard of early inhabitants and displays a collection of stained-glass windows with religious scenes as well as early depictions of New Jersey receiving her charter and a meeting between William Franklin and his father, Ben. Perth Amboy

962-528: A special City charter). As in other forms, many amendments, revisions and changes had been made over the years, leading to confusing and often conflicting legislation. The City Act of 1987 provides for a directly elected mayor who serves a four-year term and for a council that consists of seven members; six elected from two wards for staggered three-year terms and one elected at large for a four-year term. There are three councilmen in each ward with one councilmember from each ward up for election every year. The mayor

1036-420: A strong Italian population. Maurer is a chiefly working to middle-class neighborhood that lies in the northern part of Route 440. It is heavily industrial with many oil refineries and brownfields. Like Amboy Avenue, it is quasi-suburban. Chickentown is a neighborhood in the western part of Route 35 south of Spa Springs, just south of Route 440. It shares many of the same characteristics of Spa Springs but to

1110-543: A total area of 5.93 square miles (15.36 km), including 4.66 square miles (12.07 km) of land and 1.27 square miles (3.28 km) of water (21.37%). Perth Amboy, and South Amboy across the Raritan River , are collectively referred to as The Amboys . Signage for Exit 11 on the New Jersey Turnpike refers to "The Amboys" as a destination. The Amboys are the northern limit of the area informally referred to as

1184-529: Is Smith Street, west of the NJ Transit train tracks. The western section of the waterfront is west of Kearny Avenue. It is an overwhelmingly blue-collar Hispanic neighborhood. Most of the homes are over 100 years old; many are modest row houses. Sadowski Parkway Park lines through the southern end of the neighborhood and has a walkway with a beach. The park also hosts the Dominican festival and other festivals during

1258-540: Is held on the same day of the historic Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York City. Rudyk Park is north of Route 440 and features the Roberto Clemente Baseball Field and an industrial park. The southwestern section is a mainly working-class residential neighborhood with some light industry, once the site of Eagleswood Military Academy . The city's largest strip mall is located here. This neighborhood has

1332-519: Is the chief executive and votes only to break a tie. The Mayor has veto power over all or portions of any ordinance, subject to override by a two-thirds vote of the Council. The Act also provides for the delegation of executive responsibilities to a municipal administrator. Those cities operating under pre-1987 charters could retain the characteristics of their structure of government regarding terms of office, number of positions and other powers. Provisions of

1406-490: Is the state's second-oldest and one of the oldest yacht clubs in the United States, founded in 1882 from the merger of two older clubs, one founded in 1865 and the other in 1874. Also located on the waterfront and founded in 1917, St. Demetrios was one of the first Greek Orthodox churches in central New Jersey. Established by the Greek immigrants who came to the United States at the turn of the 19th century, this community has stood as

1480-544: The 2000 United States census there were 47,303 people, 14,562 households, and 10,761 families residing in the city. The population density was 9,892.0 inhabitants per square mile (3,819.3/km). There were 15,236 housing units at an average density of 3,186.2 per square mile (1,230.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 46.41% White , 10.04% African American , 0.70% Native American , 1.53% Asian , 0.13% Pacific Islander , 35.59% from other races , and 5.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 69.83% of

1554-534: The Bayshore . Perth Amboy borders Woodbridge (adjacent by land to the north and west), Sayreville (to the southwest, across the Raritan River ), South Amboy (south across the upper reaches of Raritan Bay , directly connected only by rail), and the New York City borough of Staten Island (east across the Arthur Kill ). Unincorporated communities , localities and place names located partially or completely within

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1628-655: The Church of England was the state church . In return for the land, the settlers were supposed to pay annual fees known as quit-rents . In 1665, Philip Carteret became the first governor of New Jersey , appointed by the two proprietors. He selected Elizabeth as the capital of New Jersey. Immediately, Carteret issued several additional grants of land to landowners. Towns were started and charters granted to Newark (1666), Piscataway (1666), Bergen (1668), Middletown (1693), Woodbridge (1669), and Shrewsbury . The idea of quit-rents became increasingly difficult because many of

1702-658: The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution . Peterson voted in an election to update the Perth Amboy city charter. By the middle of the 19th century, immigration and industrialization transformed Perth Amboy. Factories such as A. Hall and Sons Terra Cotta , Guggenheim and Sons and the Copper Works Smelting Company fueled a thriving downtown and employed many area residents. Growth

1776-599: The Ku Klux Klan attempted to organize a meeting in the city. The city was a resort town in the 19th century and early 20th century, located on the northern edge of the Raritan Bayshore . Since the early 1990s Perth Amboy has seen redevelopment. Small businesses have started to open up, helped by the city's designation as an Urban Enterprise Zone . The waterfront has also seen a rebirth. The marina has been extended, and there are new promenades, parks, and housing overlooking

1850-665: The New Jersey Legislature on December 21, 1784, within Perth Amboy Township and from part of Woodbridge Township . Perth Amboy Township was formed on October 31, 1693, and was enlarged during the 1720s to encompass Perth Amboy city. Perth Amboy Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships through the Township Act of 1798 on February 21, 1798. The township was replaced by Perth Amboy city on April 8, 1844. Elizabeth (then known as Elizabethtown)

1924-465: The Outerbridge Crossing opened in 1928, but continued to operate until 1963. In 1998, the Perth Amboy Ferry Slip was restored to its 1904 appearance. A replica of the ticket office has been constructed and is used as a small museum. On March 31, 1870, Thomas Mundy Peterson became the first African-American in the United States to vote in an election under the recently enacted provisions of

1998-565: The 1676 Quintipartite Deed helped to lessen the disputes. More accurate surveys and maps were made to resolve property disputes. This resulted in the Thornton Line , drawn around 1696, and the Lawrence Line , drawn around 1743, which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes. The Dominion of New England was a short-lived administrative union. On May 7, 1688, the Province of New York ,

2072-541: The 1987 Act can then be adopted through a petition and referendum process by the electorate. There are 52 cities in New Jersey: Province of New Jersey The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. The province had originally been settled by Europeans as part of New Netherland but came under English rule after

2146-472: The Dominion was dissolved in 1689. On April 17, 1702, under the rule of Queen Anne , the two sections of the proprietary colony were united, and New Jersey became a royal colony . Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury , became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. However, he was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land. In 1708, Lord Cornbury was recalled to England. New Jersey

2220-527: The Proprietary House. Franklin's father, Ben, tried unsuccessfully to convince his son to support the Colonial cause. William Franklin was arrested and detained at Proprietary House in 1776 until he was tried and convicted of treason. Perth Amboy City Hall was first built as a court house for Middlesex County in 1714, having been designated as the county seat the previous year. The building was later used as

2294-564: The Province of East Jersey, and the Province of West Jersey were added to the Dominion. The capital was located in Boston , but because of its size, New York, East Jersey, and West Jersey were run by the lieutenant governor from New York City . After news of the overthrow of James II by William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 reached Boston, the colonists rose up in rebellion, and

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2368-598: The Province of New Jersey was divided into East Jersey and West Jersey , each with its own governor . Each had its own constitution: the West Jersey Constitution (1681) and the East Jersey Constitution (1683). The exact border between West and East Jersey was often disputed. The border between the two sides reached the Atlantic Ocean to the north of present-day Atlantic City . The border line

2442-583: The average family size was 3.63. In the city the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males. City (New Jersey) A city in the context of local government in New Jersey refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government. Despite

2516-404: The bay and tree lined streets with well-manicured lawns. The land rises steeply after two blocks. This hides the rest of the town, making the waterfront look like a quiet fishing village. Points of interest on the waterfront include St. Peter's Episcopal Church, and the Proprietary House, which is now the former governor's mansion and houses a museum and some offices. Kearny Cottage , which also has

2590-492: The bay. The chapter "More Alarms at Night" in humorist James Thurber 's biography My Life and Hard Times involves Perth Amboy. One night during his adolescence in Ohio, young Thurber is unable to go to sleep because he cannot remember the name of this New Jersey community. He wakens his father, demanding that he start naming towns in New Jersey. When the startled father names several towns with single-word names, Thurber replies that

2664-716: The buildings from this early period can still be seen today. Most notably, the Proprietary House , the home of William Franklin , the last Royal Governor of New Jersey and estranged son of Benjamin Franklin , still stands in the waterfront area of the city. Architect John Edward Pryor was hired in 1761 to design and construct the building, which was completed in September 1764, years late and over budget. Franklin preferred his alternate home in Burlington. Franklin finally moved in 1774 into

2738-422: The charter was equivalent to a conveyance of land conferring on him the right of possession, control, and government, subject only to the limitation that the government must be consistent with the laws of England. The Duke of York never visited his colony and exercised little direct control of it. He elected to administer his government through governors, councils, and other officers appointed by himself. No provision

2812-428: The city include Barber , Eagleswood and Florida Grove. Perth Amboy sits on a geological layer of clay several hundred feet thick. Consequently, clay mining and factories such as A. Hall and Sons Terra Cotta located in Perth Amboy in the late 19th century. In its September 2005 issue, Golf Magazine named Perth Amboy the unofficial "Golf Capital of the U.S.", despite the fact that there are no golf courses within

2886-435: The city lies "Ompoge". Perth Amboy was settled in 1683 by Scottish colonists and was called "New Perth" after James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth ; the native name was eventually corrupted and the two names were merged. Perth Amboy was formed by Royal charter in 1718, and the New Jersey Legislature reaffirmed its status in 1784, after independence. The city was a capital of the Province of New Jersey from 1686 to 1776. During

2960-406: The city limits, citing the city's access to 25 of the magazine's Top 100 Golf Courses in the U.S., which can be found within 150 mi (240 km) of Perth Amboy. Perth Amboy features a historic waterfront, which has gone through significant revitalization . Local attractions include the Perth Amboy Ferry Slip , two small museums, an art gallery, a yacht club, and a marina. Near the marina lies

3034-520: The city. This area was the Lehigh Valley Railroad marshaling yards where coal was loaded onto barges for shipment to New York City and elsewhere until the LVRR went bankrupt in 1976. Hall Avenue is a neighborhood centered on Hall Avenue east of the NJ Transit train tracks. The street itself, Hall Avenue, is no longer the commercial strip it once was. However, there is a recently built strip mall on

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3108-481: The city. The population density was 10,806.8 per square mile (4,172.5/km). There were 16,556 housing units at an average density of 3,521.0 per square mile (1,359.5/km). The racial makeup was 50.26% (25,541) White , 10.54% (5,358) Black or African American , 1.10% (561) Native American , 1.69% (859) Asian , 0.05% (27) Pacific Islander , 30.77% (15,634) from other races , and 5.58% (2,834) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 78.10% (39,685) of

3182-474: The corner of Hall Avenue and State Street called the "Firehouse Plaza". There is also a "Banco Popular" branch of the bank headquartered in Puerto Rico. However, Hall Avenue is now primarily residential. Most of the homes are aging apartments, but there are also some newly constructed homes. Hall Avenue remains a traditional Puerto Rican neighborhood, and it hosts the city's annual Puerto Rican Day Festival, which

3256-471: The death of Sir George Carteret in 1680. However, he was unable to remove the position of governorship from Governor Phillip Carteret and subsequently moved to attack him and brought him to trial in New York. Carteret was later acquitted. In addition, quarrels occurred between Eastern and Western New Jerseyans, between Native Americans and New Jerseyans, and between different religious groups. From 1674 to 1702,

3330-517: The disputed border between the two American colonies the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey. Border wars were not unusual in the early days of settlements of the colonies and originated in conflicting land claims. Because of ignorance, willful disregard, and legal ambiguities, such conflicts arose involving local settlers until a final settlement was reached. In the largest of these squabbles some 210,000 acres (850 km ) of land were at stake between New York and New Jersey. The conflict

3404-562: The first Carnegie libraries in the state, made possible through grants from Andrew Carnegie and donations by local philanthropists, opened to the public. In 1914, Perth Amboy hosted a minor league baseball team called the Perth Amboy Pacers , who played as members of the Class D level Atlantic League . The Atlantic League folded after one season. In late August 1923, an estimated 6,000 persons rioted, breaking through police lines after

3478-545: The first state in the nation to do so. Market Square, located across from City Hall, is a park that had been an outdoor marketplace during the Colonial era. Market Square includes a replica of the Liberty Bell, a statue of George Washington , and the Bill of Rights Arch, which commemorates the fact that New Jersey was the first state to ratify the Bill of Rights. St. Peter's Church , which held its first service in 1685 and received

3552-598: The home of the East Jersey Provincial Assembly. The building was destroyed by a major fire in 1731 and rebuilt in 1745. Another fire was deliberately set in 1764, forcing a rebuilding that was completed in 1767. It is the oldest city hall in continuous use in the United States. On November 20, 1789, City Hall was the site where the New Jersey General Assembly met to ratify the Bill of Rights , becoming

3626-501: The intersection of Smith Street, New Brunswick Avenue and State Street. Once home to several department stores downtown, the largest storefront today is a discount retailer. Harbortown is a townhouse development on the waterfront which continues to be expanded since construction started in 1987. "Section 8" housing along with more affluent homes can be found in Harbortown, an economically and ethnically diverse townhouse development in

3700-492: The mid-1800s, the Industrial Revolution and immigration grew the city, developing a variety of neighborhoods which residents from a diverse range of ethnicities lived in. The city developed into a resort town for the Raritan Bayshore near it, but the city has grown in other industries since its redevelopment starting in the 1990s. Its residents are mostly Hispanic . Perth Amboy borders the Arthur Kill and features

3774-464: The mouth of the Raritan River. During the colonial period and for a significant time thereafter, Perth Amboy was an important way-station for travelers between New York City and Philadelphia , as it was the site of a ferry that crossed the Arthur Kill to Tottenville, Staten Island . The first ferry operated in 1684 and regular service began operating in 1709. This ferry became less important when

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3848-469: The name he is seeking is "two words, like helter skelter". This convinces his father that Thurber has become dangerously insane. Thurber also wrote the story later made into the film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty , about an "inconsequential guy from Perth Amboy, New Jersey". Perth Amboy's water pumping station is located in Old Bridge Township . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had

3922-432: The neighborhood, were called "The Cuban Buildings" at one time. The Landings at Harborside redevelopment project is being constructed in this neighborhood. Amboy Avenue is a quasi-suburban, working to middle-class neighborhood. It is also referred to as the "Hospital section" or the "High School section" due to the fact that these places are located in the neighborhood. Today most residents are Hispanic; Amboy Avenue once had

3996-423: The point on which the city is built "Ompoge", meaning "level ground" or "standing or upright". When settled in 1683, the new city was dubbed "New Perth" in honor of James Drummond, Earl of Perth , one of the 12 associates of a company of Scottish proprietors; Drummond has been honored with a statue located outside of city hall. The Algonquian language name persisted, corrupted to Ambo, or Point Amboy, and eventually

4070-409: The population. There were 14,562 households, out of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 21.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.20 and

4144-464: The population. The city's Hispanic population was the second-highest percentage among municipalities in New Jersey as of the 2010 Census, ranked behind Union City with 84.7%. Of the 15,419 households, 40.0% had children under the age of 18; 40.1% were married couples living together; 24.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 25.7% were non-families. Of all households, 20.3% were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who

4218-555: The province were slightly larger than the current state, extending into a part of the present state of New York , until the border was finalized in 1773. The Province of New Jersey was originally settled in the 1610s as part of the colony of New Netherland. The surrender of Fort Amsterdam in September 1664 gave control over the entire Mid-Atlantic region to the English as part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War . The English justified

4292-481: The reduced sales tax rate (half of the statewide rate) funds revitalization of Smith Street with newly planted trees, Victorian streetlights, benches, garbage cans, and redbrick sidewalks. Smith Street is a shopping center seven blocks wide, with stores catering to working-class customers. The street is flanked by mainly two- to three-story buildings of varied architecture. It also has a lone bank skyscraper called 'Amboy Towers', 10 stories tall, located at Five Corners ,

4366-560: The seizure by claiming that John Cabot , an Italian under the sponsorship of the English King Henry VII , had been the first to discover the place, but it was probably to assert control over the profitable North Atlantic trade. Director-General of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant , unable to rouse a military defense, relinquished control of the colony and was able in the articles of transfer to secure guarantees for property rights, laws of inheritance, and freedom of religion . After

4440-533: The settlers refused to pay them. Most of them claimed that they owed nothing to the proprietors because they received land from Richard Nicolls , governor of New York . This forced Berkeley to sell West Jersey to John Fenwick and Edward Byllynge , two English Quakers . Many more Quakers made their homes in New Jersey, seeking religious freedom from English (Church of England) rule. Meanwhile, conflicts began rising in New Jersey. Edmund Andros , governor of New York, attempted to gain authority over East Jersey after

4514-518: The summer. State Street is a neighborhood east of the NJ Transit train tracks, north of Fayette Street, and south of Harbortown. Like the southwestern section of Perth Amboy, it is predominantly working-class Hispanic. In addition, this neighborhood had many industries and factories before they moved overseas. The neighborhood is mainly Caribbean Hispanic. This section once had a large Cuban community . The State and Fayette Gardens, an apartment complex in

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4588-457: The surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, becoming a proprietary colony . The English renamed the province after the island of Jersey in the English Channel . The Dutch Republic reasserted control for a brief period in 1673–1674. After that it consisted of two political divisions, East Jersey and West Jersey , until they were united as a royal colony in 1702. The original boundaries of

4662-825: The surrender, Richard Nicolls took the position as deputy-governor of New Amsterdam and the rest of New Netherland, including those settlements on the west side of the North River (Hudson River) known as Bergen and those along the Delaware River that had been New Sweden . In March 1664, King Charles II granted his brother, James , the Duke of York , a Royal colony that covered New Netherlands and present-day Maine . This charter also included parts of present-day Massachusetts , which conflicted with that colony's charter. The charter allowed James traditional propriety rights and imposed few restrictions upon his powers. In general terms,

4736-422: The widely held perception of a city as a large, urban area , cities in New Jersey have a confused history as a form of government and vary in size from large, densely populated areas to much smaller hamlets . The 1897 and 1899 city charter laws applied only to areas with a population under 12,000, and provided for a directly elected mayor, who served a two-year term and had strong executive powers. Both featured

4810-421: Was $ 47,696 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 3,644) and the median family income was $ 53,792 (+/− $ 2,943). Males had a median income of $ 38,485 (+/− $ 2,450) versus $ 30,078 (+/− $ 3,452) for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,162 (+/− $ 933). About 16.3% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 28.8% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over. As of

4884-547: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 3.65. 27.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 94.3 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

4958-480: Was New Jersey's primary inbound port for African slaves. The Kearny Cottage is a remaining example of 18th-century vernacular architecture. Operated as a historic house museum and operated by the Kearny Cottage Historical Society. Built in 1781 on High Street, the house was moved to Sadowski Parkway in the 1920s, and was later relocated to its current site at 63 Catalpa Avenue, just inland from

5032-523: Was created by George Keith and can still be seen in the county boundaries between Burlington and Ocean counties, and between Hunterdon and Somerset counties. The Keith line runs north-northwest from the southern part of Little Egg Harbor Township , passing just north of Tuckerton , and reaching upward to a point on the Delaware River which is just north of the Delaware Water Gap . Later,

5106-481: Was designated in 1668 as the first capital of New Jersey. In 1686, Perth Amboy was designated as the capital of East Jersey , while Burlington was the capital of West Jersey . After the two were united as a royal colony in 1702, the two cities alternated as the capital of the Province of New Jersey until November 1790, when Trenton was designated as the unified state capital, chosen based on its location midway between New York City and Philadelphia . A few of

5180-486: Was eventually settled by royal commission in 1769. The Provincial Congress of New Jersey was a transitional governing body of the Province of New Jersey in the early part of the American Revolution . It first met in 1775 with representatives from all New Jersey's thirteen counties, to supersede the royal governor. New Jersey's first state constitution was adopted on July 2, 1776. The American Revolutionary War

5254-547: Was further stimulated by becoming the tidewater terminal for the Lehigh Valley Railroad and a coal shipping point. Perth Amboy developed tightly-knit and insular ethnic neighborhoods such as Budapest, Dublin, and Chickentown. Immigrants from Denmark , Poland , Hungary , Czechoslovakia , Italy , Russia , and Austria quickly dominated the factory jobs. In 1903, the Perth Amboy Public Library , one of

5328-510: Was made for an elected assembly. Later in 1664, the Duke of York gave the part of his new possessions between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to Sir George Carteret in exchange for settlement of a debt. The territory was named after the island of Jersey, Carteret's ancestral home. The other section of New Jersey was sold to Lord Berkeley of Stratton , who was a close friend of the Duke. As

5402-406: Was then again ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, accusing those governors of favoritism to New York. Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738. The New York – New Jersey Line War was a series of skirmishes and raids that took place for over half a century between 1701 and 1765 at

5476-512: Was underway, and General George Washington recently had been defeated in New York, putting the state in danger of invasion. The 1776, the New Jersey State Constitution was drafted in five days and ratified within the next two days to establish a temporary government, thereby preventing New Jersey from collapsing and descending into anarchy. Among other provisions, it granted unmarried women and blacks who met property requirements

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