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95-576: The Canadian Car and Foundry Company, based in Montreal , had signed large contracts with Russia and Britain for delivery of ammunition. An enormous factory was constructed in the New Jersey Meadowlands , which was then referred to as Kingsland. The company executives decided not to take any chances with security for their plant. They constructed a 6-foot-high (1.8 m) fence around the plant and hired security guards to conduct 24-hour patrols around

190-517: A "Who's Who" in American industry established a presence, including Colgate , Dixon Ticonderoga , Maxwell House , Standard Oil , and Bethlehem Steel . North Hudson , particularly Union City became the schiffli "embroidery capital of America". The industry included businesses that provided embroidery machines and parts, fabrics, thread, embroidery designs, dying, chemical lace etching, and bleaching. There were hundreds of small shops, each with one or

285-461: A U.S. military base and remained in operation until 1999. After the war maritime and manufacturing industries still dominated the local economy, and union membership provided guarantees of good pay packages. Though some returning servicemen took advantage of GI housing bills and moved to close-by suburbs, many with strong ethnic and familial ties chose to stay. Baseball legend Jackie Robinson made his minor league debut at Roosevelt Stadium and "broke"

380-600: A business, shopping, and entertainment mecca, home to The Jersey Journal , after which it is named, and movie palaces such as Loew's Jersey Theater and The Stanley . Upon entry into World War I , the U.S. government took over control of the Hamburg-American Line piers in Hoboken under eminent domain , and Hudson became the major point of embarkation for more than three million soldiers, known as " doughboys ". In 1916, an act of sabotage literally and figuratively shook

475-513: A deal with the Lenape to re-purchase the area named Bergen , "by the great rock above Wiehacken," including the whole peninsula from Sikakes south to Bergen Point / Constable Hook . In 1661, a charter was granted the new village/garrison at the site of present-day Bergen Square , establishing what is considered to be the oldest self-governing municipality in New Jersey. The British gained control of

570-407: A dozen isolated buildings.” “They started to get out. The entrance to the building was by a narrow gate, guarded by 12-foot walls. In a moment this was jammed by workers, mostly Italians and negroes, who fought desperately to get away. Guards were forced at last to drive back the mob with pistols and rifles.” “They broke and scattered. Many of them run to the rear of the plant, which is separated from

665-496: A few machines, producing a wide array of products. Finished embroidery supplied the garment and home goods industries. Secaucus boasted numerous pig farms and rendering plants. It was during this period that much of the housing stock, namely one and two family homes and low-rise apartment buildings, was built; municipal boundaries finalized, neighborhoods established. Commercial corridors such as Bergenline , Central, Newark and Ocean Avenues came into prominence. Journal Square became

760-596: A few thousand buses under the name. Trolleybus production ended in 1954; Edmonton Transit System 's No. 202, a 1954 CCF-Brill T48A, was the last Brill trolleybus built for any city. Production of the Brill diesel bus continued through the 1950s. In 1960, CC&F launched an entirely new TD bus design under the Canadian Car name to compete with the General Motors New Look model, but it was not successful and production

855-445: A fire started in one of the buildings. In four hours, the fire spread to the approximately 500,000 pieces of 3-inch (76 mm) explosive shells stored there, causing several explosions, destroying the entire plant. The explosion launched artillery shells and building debris across the area, destroying several homes and businesses in the nearby town of Lyndhurst, New Jersey , and was visible from New York City. The total loss, including

950-452: A geographically long narrow peninsula, (sometimes called Bergen Neck ), which is a contiguous urban area where it is often difficult to know when one's crossed a civic boundary. These boundaries and the topography-including many hills and inlets-create very distinct neighborhoods. Kennedy Boulevard runs the entire length of the peninsula. Numerous cuts for rail and vehicular traffic cross Bergen Hill . Given its proximity to Manhattan, it

1045-563: A land area of 27.5 acres (11.1 ha), with the 2.74-acre (1.11 ha) natural island and contiguous areas comprising a 3.3 acres (1.3 ha) exclave of New York. Shooters Island , in the Kill van Kull , is also shared with New York. Robbins Reef Light sits atop a reef which runs parallel the Bayonne and Jersey City waterfront. Much of the county lies between the Hackensack and Hudson Rivers on

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1140-624: A land patent, or patroonship and purchased the land between the Hudson and Hackensack Rivers, giving it the Latinized form of his name, Pavonia . He failed to settle the area and was forced to return his holdings to the Dutch West India Company . Homesteads were established at Communipaw (1633), Harsimus (1634), Paulus Hook (1638), and Hoebuck (1643). Relations were tenuous with the Lenape, and eventually led to Kieft's War , which began as

1235-466: A massive complex built in the Art Deco Style. During this era, the "Hudson County Democratic Machine", known for its cronyism and corruption, with Jersey City mayor Frank Hague at its head was at its most powerful. Industries in Hudson were crucial to the war effort during WWII, including the manufacture PT boats by Elco in Bayonne. Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY) was opened in 1942 as

1330-676: A place to evacuate to, many residents who worked there lost their jobs (or their lives), and many companies sought office space across the river. Re-zoning, the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail, and New Jersey State land-use policy of transit villages have further spurred construction. Though very urban and with some of the highest residential densities in the United States, the Hudson communities have remained fragmented, due in part to New Jersey's long history of home rule in local government; geographical factors such as Hudson River inlets/canals,

1425-477: A population increase, as many new residents purchase existing housing stock as well as condominiums in high- and mid-rise developments, many along the waterfront. What had started as a gentrification in the 1980s became a full-blown "redevelopment" of the area as many suburbanites, transplanted Americans, internationals, and immigrants (most focused on opportunities in NY/NJ region and proximity to Manhattan) began to make

1520-491: A seasonally migrational people who practiced small-scale agriculture ( companion planting ) augmented by hunting and gathering which likely, given the topography of the area, included much (shell) fishing and trapping. These groups had early and frequent trading contact with Europeans. Their Algonquian language can still be inferred in many local place names such as Communipaw , Harsimus , Hackensack , Hoboken , Weehawken , Secaucus , and Pamrapo . Henry Hudson , for whom

1615-482: A slaughter by the Dutch at Communipaw and is considered to be one of the first genocides of Native Americans by Europeans. A series of raids and reprisals across the province lasted two years and ended in an uneasy truce. Other homesteads were established at Constable Hook (1646), Awiehaken (1647), and other lands at Achter Col on Bergen Neck . In 1658, Director-General Peter Stuyvesant of New Netherland negotiated

1710-507: A small strait from Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty , played a crucial role in the massive immigration of the period, with many newly arrived departing the station to embark on their lives in America. Many, though, decided to stay, taking jobs on the docks, the railroads, the factories, the refineries, and in the sweatshops and skyscrapers of Manhattan. Many manufacturers, whose names read as

1805-562: A successful leap into the streetcar business, supplying Montreal, Toronto, Regina, Calgary, Vancouver, Edmonton, and the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo with various types of streetcars. The company concluded a licensing agreement with ACF-Brill (the successor to J. G. Brill ) in 1944 to manufacture and sell throughout Canada buses and trolley coaches of ACF-Brill design as Canadian Car-Brill , in later years often written "CCF-Brill", for short. CC&F built 1,114 trolley buses and

1900-400: A surprise raid on a British fortification in 1779, was seen as a victory and morale booster for revolutionary forces. Many downtown Jersey City streets bear the name of military figures Mercer , Greene , Wayne , and Varick among them. Weehawken became notorious for duels, including the nation's most famous between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr in 1804. Border conflicts for control of

1995-497: A year, during which it receives an annual average of 48 inches of rain, compared to the national average of 38, and 26 inches of snow, compared to the national average of 28. The summer high temperature in July is about 86 degrees, and its winter low in January is 25. On average, there are 219 sunny days per year in the county, compared with the national average of 205. Average temperatures in

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2090-589: Is in West New York; the lowest point is at sea level. North Bergen is the city with the second most hills per square mile in the United States behind San Francisco . Ellis Island and Liberty Island , opposite Liberty State Park , lie entirely within Hudson County's waters, which extend to the New York state line. Liberty Island is part of New York. Largely created through land reclamation, Ellis Island covers

2185-675: Is influenced by wet, dry, hot, and cold airstreams, and highly variable daily weather. Of New Jersey's five distinct climate regions, Hudson County is located in the Central region, which runs from New York Harbor and the Lower Hudson River to the great bend of the Delaware River near the state capital of Trenton . The high number of urban areas in this region are characterized by a high volume of industry and vehicular traffic that produce large amounts of pollutants. These substances, along with

2280-434: Is located on Clay Avenue, between Valley Brook Avenue and Wall Street West. The brick stack can be seen from this park. “Whatever happened, the building was in flames in an instant. Ten minutes passed before the first and mightiest explosion. In those ten minutes panic broke loose in the plant. It is believed that there were 1,400 men working in the factory. Each of these realized what would happen if fire caught hold of any of

2375-553: Is marked by the New Jersey Palisades in the north with cliffs overlooking the Hudson to the east and less severe cuesta , or slope, to the west. They gradually level off to the southern peninsula, which is coastal and flat. The western region, around the Hackensack and Passaic is part of the New Jersey Meadowlands . Much of the land along the county's extensive shoreline and littoral zone was created by land reclamation . The highest point, at 260 feet (79 m) above sea level,

2470-649: Is sometimes referred to as New York City's sixth borough . Hudson County is named after the explorer Henry Hudson who charted much of the region. At the time of European contact in the 17th century, Hudson County was the territory of the Lenape (or Lenni-Lenape ), namely the bands (or family groups) known as the Hackensack , the Tappan , the Raritan , and the Manhattan . They were

2565-463: Is the most densely populated municipality in the United States. North Hudson has the second-largest Cuban American population in the United States behind Miami . Jersey City is the 21st-most ethnically diverse city in the United States and the most ethnically diverse on the East Coast of the United States . Hudson has three communities on the list of the 100 cities (population 5,000 and up) with

2660-440: The 2010 census count of 634,266, which in turn reflected an increase of 25,291 (+4.2%) from the 2000 census population of 608,975. Home to 15,693 residents per square mile (6,130/km2) in 2020 and covering 46.19 square miles (119.6 km ) of land, Hudson County is New Jersey's geographically smallest and most densely populated county. Hudson County shares extensive mass transit connections with Manhattan , located across

2755-556: The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad to replace the previous one, is the only one of five major rail/ferry terminals that once dotted the waterfront still in operation. West Shore Railroad Terminal in Weehawken, Erie Railroad's Pavonia Terminal and Pennsylvania Railroad 's Exchange Place in Jersey City were all razed. Central Railroad of New Jersey 's Communipaw Terminal, across

2850-591: The Government of Ontario , and then quickly re-sold to Bombardier Transportation . Through a series of further acquisitions, mergers and rationalisations, CC&F faded from the annals of significant Canadian manufacturers, although the company still exists today as the Alstom railcar facility in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Many CC&F-built buses have been preserved as historic vehicles, some in operating condition. For example,

2945-510: The New York metropolitan area , the county seat is Jersey City , which is the county's largest city in terms of both population and area. The county is part of the North Jersey region of the state. As of the 2020 United States census , the county was the state's fourth-most-populous and fastest-growing county in the previous decade, with a population of 724,854, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 90,588 (+14.3%) from

Kingsland explosion - Misplaced Pages Continue

3040-510: The Ontario Iron & Steel Company, Ltd. at Welland, ON , which included both a steel foundry and a rolling mill. Buses and Forestry Equipment were produced at Fort William, Ontario and railcars in Montreal and Amherst. Streetcars were manufactured between 1897 and 1913, however the company focused exclusively on rebuilding existing streetcars after 1913. A few years later, CC&F acquired

3135-589: The Russian Soviet Republic ordered 500 bogie tank cars . They were shipped from Montreal to Novorossiysk on Canadian Merchant Navy steamships at the end of 1921. By 1939, with war on the horizon, Canadian Car & Foundry and its Chief Engineer, Elsie MacGill , were contracted by the Royal Air Force to produce the Hawker Hurricane (Marks X, XI and XII). Refinements introduced by MacGill on

3230-571: The Transit Museum Society , in Vancouver , has at least seven CC&F buses in its collection, including two CC&F-Brill trolleybuses . Hudson County, New Jersey Hudson County is the smallest and most densely populated county in the U.S. state of New Jersey . It lies west of the lower Hudson River , which was named for Henry Hudson , the sea captain who explored the area in 1609. Part of New Jersey's Gateway Region in

3325-412: The U.S. Census Bureau , as of the 2020 Census, the county had a total area of 62.35 square miles (161.5 km ), of which 46.19 square miles (119.6 km ) was land (74.1%) and 16.15 square miles (41.8 km ) was water (25.9%). Based on land area, it is the smallest of New Jersey's 21 counties, less than half the size of the next smallest ( Union County ) and the eighth-smallest of all counties in

3420-485: The "Jersey" side of the Hudson their home, and the "real-estate boom" of the era encouraged many to seek investment opportunities. The exploitation of certain parts of the waterfront and other brownfields led to commercial development as well, especially along former rail yards. Hudson felt the short- and long-term impact of the destruction of the World Trade Center intensely: its proximity to lower Manhattan made it

3515-499: The 100 most populous cities in the United States was Jersey City , which was ranked 77th in the United States Census Bureau 's rankings based on the 2016 population estimate . Of municipalities with over 50,000 people, Union City is the most densely populated in the United States , while several Hudson County municipalities are among the most densely populated in the United States as well as worldwide . Guttenburg

3610-464: The Allies were the only potential customers. Munitions, including shells, shell cases, shrapnel, and powder were shipped to Kingsland from over 100 different factories. At the foundry they were assembled for shipment to Russia. Producing 3 million shells per month, the factory was a worthy objective for German saboteurs. Building 30 was used exclusively for cleaning out shells; it contained 48 workbenches. On

3705-518: The Cuban revolution take up residence. Unlike other urban industrial areas of comparable size, age and density, North Hudson did not experience marked urban decay or a crime wave during the late 20th century, its population and economic base remaining basically stable, in part, because of its good housing stock, tightly knit neighborhoods and satisfactory schools systems. The county since the mid-1990s has seen much real estate speculation and development and

3800-798: The Curtiss divebombers were sent directly to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease arrangements. CC&F also built the North American Harvard under licence, many of the aircraft being supplied to European air forces to train post war military pilots. In 1944, the Canadian Car & Foundry built a revolutionary new aircraft in its Montreal shops - the Burnelli CBY-3 , also called the Loadmaster . There were two examples built of an aerofoil-fuselage design originally developed by Vincent J. Burnelli . The CBY-3

3895-660: The European battle front. Shells that had been intended for the armies of the Czar burst in terrific salvos over the roofs of the houses, shattered chimneys, riddled the car repair barns of the Lackawanna Railway, and set two dwellings on fire.” Two miles of the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad tracks were torn up by the explosions. Commuters from New York City were delayed by up to four hours and at one point 40,000 were jammed into

Kingsland explosion - Misplaced Pages Continue

3990-449: The Hoboken station in a "clamoring, close-packed mass." Express trains to and from Washington D.C. were disrupted and a comical dispute over rights to a diner car ensued. Dairy and produce shipments to New York City were delayed by for 24 hours as well. There were Hudson County penal and charitable institutions at Snake Hill , in Secaucus . The Almshouse, Penitentiary , and Hospital for

4085-565: The Hudson River, as well as with most of Northern and Central New Jersey . The average temperature of Hudson County is 51.89 °F, which is approximately the same as the state average of 51.93 °F, and lower than the national average of 54.45 °F. The county is located on the U.S. East Coast , approximately halfway between the Equator and the North Pole, which results in climate that

4180-602: The Hurricane included skis and de-icing gear. When the production of the Hurricane was complete in 1943, CC&F's workforce of 4,500 (half of them women) had built over 1,400 aircraft, about 10% of all Hurricanes built. Following the success of the Hurricane contract, CC&F sought out and received a production order for the Curtiss SB2C Helldiver . Eventually, 834 Helldivers were produced by CC&F in various versions from SBW-1, SBW-1B, SBW-3,SBW-4E and SBW-5. Some of

4275-451: The Insane, Contagious Diseases Hospital , and Tuberculosis Sanitarium , were all grouped on the north side of Snake Hill. When the fire and ensuing explosions started, the residents of Snake Hill began to panic, fearing the world was coming to an end. From the windows they could see what the warden later described as a big display of fireworks. As the 900+ inmates of the asylum grew more panicked,

4370-531: The Russian Immigrant House on Third Street in New York City, eluded the detectives who were watching him and disappeared. Kingsland resident Theresa Louise "Tessie" McNamara, who operated the company switchboard, was credited with saving 1,400 lives; despite the fire McNamara stayed at the switchboard. She plugged in each of the buildings and shouted the warning, "Get out or go up!" No one was killed in

4465-580: The United States . Hudson is located in the heart of New York metropolitan area in northeastern New Jersey . It is bordered by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay to the east; Kill Van Kull to the south; Newark Bay and the Hackensack River or the Passaic River to the west; its only land borders are shared with Bergen County to the north and Essex County to the west. The topography

4560-563: The area in 1664, and the Dutch finally ceded formal control of the province to the English in 1674. By 1675, the Treaty of Westminster finalized the transfer and the area became part of the British colony of East Jersey , in the administrative district of Bergen Township . The county's seat was transferred to Hackensack in 1709, after Bergen County was expanded west. Small villages and farms supplied

4655-646: The assets of Pratt & Letchworth , a Brantford, ON , rail car manufacturer. In the latter part of World War I , the expanding company opened a new plant in Fort William (now Thunder Bay) to manufacture rail cars and ships which included the French minesweepers Inkerman and Cerisoles which were both lost in Lake Superior; the Amherst plant started by Rhodes & Curry in Amherst was closed in 1931. In an attempt to enter

4750-503: The aviation market, CC&F produced a small series of Grumman G.23 Goblin aircraft under licence and developed an unsuccessful, indigenous-designed fighter biplane, the Gregor FDB-1 . Canada Car Company was a railcar manufacturer based in Turcot, Quebec (a suburb of Montreal ), which later merged with several other companies to form Canadian Car and Foundry in 1909. Canada Car Company

4845-461: The baseball color line. Much of Hudson County experienced the phenomenon of ethnic/economic groups leaving and being replaced by others, as was typical of most urban communities of the New York Bay region. When the big businesses decided to follow them or vice versa, Hudson County's socioeconomic differences became more profound. Old economic underpinnings disintegrated. Attempts were made to stabilize

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4940-400: The bench in front of each employee was a pan of gasoline and a small rotating machine operated by a belt. The cleaning process included several steps: Rumor had it that a group of saboteurs operated under the direction of Frederick Hinsch. He recruited a German national, Curt Thummel, who changed his name to Charles Thorne. Hinsch instructed Thorne to obtain employment at the factory. Thorne

5035-602: The burgeoning city of New York , across the river, notably with oysters from the vast beds in the Upper New York Bay, and fresh produce, sold at Weehawken Street , in Manhattan. During the American Revolutionary War, the area was under British control which included garrisons at Bulls Ferry and the fort at Bergen Neck . Colonialist troops used the heights to observe enemy movements. The Battle of Paulus Hook ,

5130-422: The cliffs of the New Jersey Palisades and rail lines; and ethnic/demographic differences in the population. As the county sees more development this traditional perception is challenged. Hudson County is the most densely populated county in New Jersey and the fifth-most densely populated county in the United States, with 15,693 residents per square mile (6,130/km ) as of 2020. The only city in Hudson County among

5225-614: The county and river on which it sits are named, established a claim for the area in 1609 when anchoring his ship the Halve Maen ( Half Moon ) at Harsimus Cove and Weehawken Cove . The west bank of the North River (as it was called) and the cliffs, hills, and marshlands abutting and beyond it, were settled by Europeans (Dutch, Flemish, Walloon, Huguenot) from the Lowlands around the same time as New Amsterdam . In 1630, Michiel Pauw received

5320-475: The county seat of Jersey City have ranged from a low of 27 °F (−3 °C) in January to a high of 84 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −15 °F (−26 °C) was recorded in February 1934 and a record high of 106 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 3.21 inches (82 mm) in February to 4.60 inches (117 mm) in July. According to

5415-710: The creation of Union City in 1925. The City of Jersey was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 28, 1820, from portions of Bergen Township. The city was reincorporated on January 23, 1829, and again on February 22, 1838, at which time it became completely independent of Bergen Township and was given its present name. On February 22, 1840, it became part of the newly created Hudson County. As Jersey City grew, several neighboring communities were annexed: Van Vorst Township (March 18, 1851), Bergen City and Hudson City (both on May 2, 1870), and Greenville Township (February 4, 1873). North Bergen

5510-516: The fire as a result of her announcements. Fleeing workers were able to cross the frozen Hackensack River or run up Valley Brook Avenue to safety. Some of those who crossed the Hackensack River made their way to the buildings on Snake Hill . The National Special Aid Society later presented McNamara with a check to honor her for her bravery. The Lyndhurst Historical Society has created a vest pocket park dedicated to McNamara's memory. The park

5605-506: The fire began in front of Wozniak's wooden roller. One of the company directors, Mr. Cahan, remarked about Wozniak's nervous behavior and contradictions during an interview about the incident. Wozniak, who admitted that he had served time as a draftee in the Austrian Army, was told by Mr. Cahan that he would be needed in New York as part of the investigation into the fire. Wozniak, who lived at

5700-424: The first great roar. It is said that a building in which the loaded shells were stored was the first to go.” “The terrific blast spread the panic, which had hitherto been confined to the factory yard, to Kingsland and the adjoining village of Lyndhurst. After the first detonation came the steady roll of bursting shrapnel and high explosive shells. In a minute the little Jersey towns were transformed into villages upon

5795-439: The first group of 104 townships formed in New Jersey, while the area was still a part of Bergen County . As originally constituted, Bergen Township included the area between the Hudson River on the east, the Hackensack River to the west, south to Constable Hook / Bergen Point and north to the present-day Hudson-Bergen border. For the next 127 years civic borders within the county took many forms, until they were finalized with

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5890-503: The highest percent of foreign-born residents: West New York (65.2%), Union City (58.7%), and Guttenberg (48.7%) Hudson County has the smallest proportion of persons over age 65 in New Jersey. As of the 2020 census , the county had 724,854 people, 266,664 households, and 160,697 families. The population density was 15,692.9 inhabitants per square mile (6,059.1/km ). There were 312,706 housing units at an average density of 6,770 per square mile (2,613.9/km ). The county's racial makeup

5985-528: The large amounts of asphalt, brick, and concrete that compose buildings in the area, retain more atmospheric heat, which make it a regularly warmer " heat island " than surrounding suburban and rural areas. The northern border of the Central Zone is often the boundary between freezing and non-freezing precipitation in the winter, and between comfortable and comfortable sleeping conditions in the summer. Hudson County experiences precipitation an average of 116 days

6080-406: The late 1970s and early 1980s the plant built 190 Canadian Light Rail Vehicles , for the Toronto Transit Commission , to replace its aging PCC streetcars . CCF re-emerged as Can-Car Rail in 1983 as a joint division between Hawker Siddeley Canada and UTDC . The Can-Car Rail operations were based in Thunder Bay. Sold to SNC-Lavalin in 1986, a financial shakeup led to the firm being returned to

6175-411: The only contiguous approving towns. Both the Town of Union and Union Township could not be included due to the dissenting vote of West Hoboken which lay between them and Hudson City. On March 17, 1870, Jersey City, Hudson City, and Bergen merged into Jersey City. Only three years later the present outline of Jersey City was completed when Greenville agreed to merge into the Greater Jersey City. Union City

6270-401: The opening, in 1910, of the Pennsylvania Railroad 's North River Tunnels under the Hudson, trains terminated on the west bank of the river, requiring passengers and cargo to travel by ferry or barge to New York. Transfer to the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad tubes (now PATH ) became possible upon its opening in 1908. Hoboken Terminal , a national historic landmark originally built in 1907 by

6365-498: The ordnance, was estimated at $ 16,750,000 (equivalent to $ 404 million in 2023). Canadian Car and Foundry had a contract to build 12 Navarin -class minesweepers for the French Navy . The vessels were completed in the fall of 1918—before the war ended, but too late to see operational service. Two of the vessels, the Inkerman and Cerisoles , were lost in a November gale, on Lake Superior , on their maiden voyage. Other vessels were sold into civilian service. The government of

6460-564: The perimeter and screen each worker as they entered the plant. It was located on the site of Lyndhurst's present industrial park. A brick stack, believed to be the remaining part of the Foundry, is located in the area bounded by Valley Brook Avenue, Polito Avenue, and the office buildings on Wall Street West. On January 11, 1917, a fire started in Building 30 of the Canadian Car and Foundry Company at Kingsland in Bergen County, New Jersey . In four hours, probably 500,000 pieces of 3-inch (76 mm) explosive shells were discharged. The entire plant

6555-413: The population by demolishing so-called slums and build subsidized middle-income housing and the pockets of so-called "good neighborhoods" came in conflict with those that went into decline. Riots occurred in Jersey City in 1964. Lower property values allowed the next wave of immigrants, many from Latin America, to rent or buy in the county. North Hudson , particularly Union City, saw many émigrés fleeing

6650-418: The region when German agents set off bombs at the munitions depot in New York Bay at Black Tom . The forerunner of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was established on April 30, 1921. Huge transportation projects opened between the wars: The Holland Tunnel in 1927, The Bayonne Bridge in 1931, and The Lincoln Tunnel in 1937, allowing vehicular travel between New Jersey and New York City to bypass

6745-409: The results of a referendum held nine days later. Soon after the Civil War the idea of uniting all of the towns of Hudson County in one municipality of Jersey City began to gain favor. In 1868 a bill for submitting the question of consolidation of all of Hudson County to the voters was presented to the Board of Chosen Freeholders (now known as the Board of County Commissioners). The bill did not include

6840-478: The shoreline with landfill ) fueled much of the development. European immigration, notably German-language speakers and Irish (many fleeing famine) initiated a population boom that would last for several decades. Neighborhoods grew as farms, estates, and other holdings were sub-divided for housing, civic and religious architecture. Streets (some with trolley lines) were laid out. Stevens Institute of Technology and Saint Peter's University were established. Before

6935-513: The superintendent, Dr. George W. King, and Dr. James Meehan, chairman of the Hospital committee figured a way to calm the residents. Dr. Meehan hurried to the hospital with supplies of ice cream, fruits and candies. The inmates were assembled in the lecture hall and they were told that the European War had ended and the explosions were detonations of big guns to celebrate the event. A reparations case

7030-422: The swampy meadow by a high barbed-wire fence. They went through this like a drove of cattle. Frantic with terror, they paid no attention to the wire, which cut some of them cruelly, but went ploughing, the whole terror-struck crowd, through the mud and thin ice of the marsh. Many of them who reached solid ground and safety were plastered with slime from head to heel. Many more were soaked with icy water.” “Then came

7125-455: The township was ceded to Hoboken in 1874. Additional territory was annexed in 1879 from West Hoboken . West New York was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on July 8, 1898, replacing Union Township , based on the results of a referendum held three days earlier. Kearny was originally formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1867, from portions of Harrison Township . Portions of

7220-418: The township were taken on July 3, 1895, to form East Newark . Kearny was incorporated as a town on January 19, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. Bayonne was originally formed as a township on April 1, 1861, from portions of Bergen Township . Bayonne was reincorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 10, 1869, replacing Bayonne Township, subject to

7315-405: The waterfront with New York (which claimed jurisdiction to the high water line and the granting of ferry concessions) restricted development though some urbanization took place in at Paulus Hook and Hoboken, which became a vacation spot for well-off New Yorkers. The Morris Canal , early steam railroads, and the development of the harbor stimulated further growth. In September 1840, Hudson County

7410-468: The waterfront. Hackensack River crossings, notably the Pulaski Skyway , were also built. What was to become New Jersey City University opened. Major Works Progress Administration projects included the construction of stadiums in Jersey City and Union City. Both were named for President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who attended the opening of the largest project of them all, The Jersey City Medical Center ,

7505-524: The western towns of Harrison and Kearny but included all towns east of the Hackensack River. The bill was approved by the State legislature on April 2, 1869, and the special election was scheduled for October 5, 1869. An element of the bill provided that only contiguous towns could be consolidated. The results of the election were as follows: While a majority of the voters approved the merger, only Jersey City, Hudson and Bergen could be consolidated since they were

7600-487: Was $ 78,808, and the median family income was $ 76,019. About 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over. The 2010 United States census counted 634,266 people, 246,437 households, and 148,355 families in the county. The population density was 13,731.4 per square mile (5,301.7/km ). There were 270,335 housing units at an average density of 5,852.5 per square mile (2,259.7/km ). The racial makeup

7695-553: Was 28.49% White , 9.84% African American , 0.14% Native American , 17.02% Asian , and 2.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 40.4% of the population. Of the 266,664 households, of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 30.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 21.3% had a male householder with no wife present and 39.73% were non-families. 68.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who

7790-441: Was 54.05% (342,792) White , 13.23% (83,925) Black or African American , 0.64% (4,081) Native American , 13.39% (84,924) Asian , 0.05% (344) Pacific Islander , 14.25% (90,373) from other races , and 4.39% (27,827) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 42.23% (267,853) of the population. Of the 246,437 households, 27.6% had children under the age of 18; 37.8% were married couples living together; 16.4% had

7885-431: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.11. About 20.3% of the county's population was under age 18, 7.7% was from age 18 to 24, 47.6% was from age 15 to 44, and 12.2% was age 65 or older. The median age was 35.5 years. The gender makeup of the city was 49.76% male and 50.23% female. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. The county's median household income

7980-560: Was a manufacturer of buses , railway rolling stock , forestry equipment, and later aircraft for the Canadian market. CC&F history goes back to 1897, but the main company was established in 1909 from an amalgamation of several companies and later became part of Hawker Siddeley Canada through the purchase by A.V. Roe Canada in 1957. Today the remaining factories are part of Alstom after its acquisition of Bombardier Transportation completed in 2021. Canadian Car & Foundry (CC&F)

8075-520: Was created by separation from Bergen County and annexation of some Essex County lands, namely New Barbadoes Neck . During the 19th century, Hudson played an integral role in the Underground Railroad , with four routes converging in Jersey City. Most of Hudson County, apart from West Hudson , was part of Bergen Township , which dates back to 1661 and was formally created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, as one of

8170-541: Was destroyed. It was said to have been a spectacle more magnificent than the nearby 1916 explosion at Black Tom . From office buildings and tall apartments, people in New York City watched with amazement. In March 1916, World War I was in progress. Although the United States was neutral in the conflict, the country was selling war supplies to the Allied Powers due to the British blockade of Germany , meaning that

8265-620: Was discontinued in 1962. In 1957, wishing to diversify, the British Hawker Siddeley Group acquired CC&F through its Canadian subsidiary, A.V. Roe Canada Ltd. In 1962, A.V. Roe Canada was dissolved when the Avro Arrow program was suddenly terminated, and its assets became part of Hawker Siddeley Canada . During the 1970s they introduced the BiLevel Coach heavy railway passenger car, which would go on to great success. In

8360-509: Was established in 1804, and formed as a township on April 9, 1849, from portions of North Bergen Township and incorporated as a full-fledged city, and in a referendum held on March 29, 1855, ratified an Act of the New Jersey Legislature signed the previous day, and the City of Hoboken was born. Weehawken was formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1859, from portions of Hoboken and North Bergen . A portion of

8455-522: Was established in 1909 in Montreal as the result of an amalgamation of three companies: In 1911 the CC&;F Board of Directors recognized that the company could improve its efficiency if they were able to produce their own steel castings, a component that was becoming common to all their products. They purchased Montreal Steel Works Limited at Longue-Pointe , the largest producer of steel castings in Canada, and

8550-508: Was hired as assistant employment manager. In this position he facilitated the hiring of several operatives sent by Hinsch to infiltrate the factory. One of those employees supposedly was Theodore Wozniak. After the Kingsland plant was completely destroyed, police and federal investigators uncovered the source of the fire. It started at Wozniak's workbench in Building 30. Other workmen alleged that

8645-586: Was incorporated January 1905 with W.P. Coleman as president and Sir Hugh Allan as vice-president. The company's plant began operations in 1905 and manufactured freight and passenger cars. Clients included: Their products were: During World War I, CC&F had signed large contracts with Russia and Britain for delivery of ammunition. An enormous factory was constructed in the Kingsland to assemble, package, and prepare artillery shells for shipment to foreign ports. No shells were manufactured there. On 11 January 1917,

8740-495: Was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 1, 1925, replacing both Union Hill and West Hoboken Township . During the latter half of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries, Hudson experienced intense industrial, commercial and residential growth. Construction, first of ports, and later railroad terminals, in Jersey City , Bayonne , Hoboken , and Weehawken (which significantly altered

8835-660: Was incorporated as a township on April 10, 1843, by an act of the New Jersey Legislature , from Bergen Township . Portions of the township have been taken to form Hoboken Township (April 9, 1849, now the City of Hoboken ), Hudson Town (April 12, 1852, later part of Hudson City), Hudson City (April 11, 1855, later annexed by Jersey City ), Guttenberg (formed within the township on March 9, 1859, and set off as an independent municipality on April 1, 1878), Weehawken (March 15, 1859), Union Township and West Hoboken Township (both created on February 28, 1861), Union Hill town (March 29, 1864), and Secaucus (March 12, 1900). Hoboken

8930-435: Was launched by John J. McCloy against Germany in 1934 that dragged on for many years and was finally settled in the 1950s. Germany never admitted guilt, but paid $ 50 million ($ 630 million in 2024) in reparations to the United States. 40°47′57″N 74°06′58″W  /  40.7993°N 74.1162°W  / 40.7993; -74.1162 Canadian Car and Foundry The Canadian Car & Foundry Company, Limited

9025-507: Was never to enter full-scale production and was cancelled less than one year later. The work of Canadian women building fighter and bomber aircraft at the plant during the Second World War is documented in the 1999 National Film Board of Canada documentary film Rosies of the North . After the Second World War, the CC&F returned to its roots as a rail car manufacturer. They also made

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