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43-640: The Sainte-Anne River has its source in the Laurentides Wildlife reserve , in Lake Sainte-Anne. The river, approximately 120 km long, flows from north to south, crossing the municipalities of Saint-Alban and Saint-Casimir to end its course at Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade , on the north shore of the estuarine section. of the St. Lawrence River. In terms of surface area, the 1894 landslide in Saint-Alban would be

86-459: A CTAQ barracks. In July 1952, a Pinetree Line radar station was established at Mont Apica , in the center of the reserve, as part of the establishment of a line of defense of North America against bombers from the Soviet Union. The radar station was officially closed in 1993. In 1981, the reserve was cut from two portions of its territory at its southern border and its eastern border to allow

129-581: A different set of organisms. Saltwater marshes are found around the world in mid to high latitudes , wherever there are sections of protected coastline. They are located close enough to the shoreline that the motion of the tides affects them, and, sporadically, they are covered with water. They flourish where the rate of sediment buildup is greater than the rate at which the land level is sinking. Salt marshes are dominated by specially adapted rooted vegetation, primarily salt-tolerant grasses. Salt marshes are most commonly found in lagoons , estuaries , and on

172-482: A few roads, is lively day and night with outdoor activities, fishing , ice skating , tobogganing , little train rides, snowmobile , restaurants and others. Laurentides Wildlife Reserve Réserve faunique des Laurentides ( transl.  Laurentides Wildlife Reserve ), also known by its former name of parc des Laurentides , is a wildlife reserve in Quebec , Canada , located between Quebec City and

215-522: A freshwater marsh, the ocean tides affect this form of marsh. However, without the stresses of salinity at work in its saltwater counterpart, the diversity of the plants and animals that live in and use freshwater tidal marshes is much higher than in salt marshes. The most severe threats to this form of marsh are the increasing size and pollution of the cities surrounding them. Ranging greatly in size and geographic location, freshwater marshes make up North America's most common form of wetland. They are also

258-576: A habitat for many species of plants, animals, and insects that have adapted to living in flooded conditions or other environments. The plants must be able to survive in wet mud with low oxygen levels. Many of these plants, therefore, have aerenchyma , channels within the stem that allow air to move from the leaves into the rooting zone. Marsh plants also tend to have rhizomes for underground storage and reproduction. Common examples include cattails , sedges , papyrus and sawgrass . Aquatic animals, from fish to salamanders , are generally able to live with

301-505: A habitat free from fish, which eat the eggs and young of amphibians. An example is the endangered gopher frog . Similar temporary ponds occur in other world ecosystems, where they may have local names. However, vernal pool can be applied to all such temporary pool ecosystems. Playa lakes are a form of shallow freshwater marsh in the southern high plains of the United States. Like vernal pools, they are only present at certain times of

344-526: A little more than 840 lakes, 758 of which have a surface area greater than one hectare. Mainly located on public land , the sector includes several spaces dedicated to the conservation and development of the territory, including the Parc naturel régional de Portneuf , 10 white-tailed deer containment areas and two Controlled Exploitation Zones (ZEC). Fishing is an activity accessible to everyone in Quebec, it allows

387-457: A low amount of oxygen in the water. Some can obtain oxygen from the air instead, while others can live indefinitely in conditions of low oxygen. The pH in marshes tends to be neutral to alkaline , as opposed to bogs , where peat accumulates under more acid conditions. Marshes provide habitats for many kinds of invertebrates, fish , amphibians, waterfowl and aquatic mammals. Marshes have extremely high levels of biological production, some of

430-473: A region in the East of England , the embanked marshes are also known as Fens . Some areas have already lost 90% of their wetlands, including marshes. They have been drained to create agricultural land or filled to accommodate urban sprawl . Restoration is returning marshes to the landscape to replace those lost in the past. Restoration can be done on a large scale, such as by allowing rivers to flood naturally in

473-612: Is a rest area called L'Étape , located on the shores of Jacques-Cartier Lake , and the Provincial Police . After a fire, they will be demolished in 2005. In 2009, there is an old chapel, several chalets, a reconstructed franchise restaurant, the Patrouille Secours post (a special unit of the Transports Québec specializing in the extrication of vehicles involved in accidents in the wildlife reserve), an ambulance vehicle and

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516-473: Is essentially mountainous territory, the highest peak of which, Mount Belle Fontaine , culminates at 1151 m. The 7,861 kilometres (4,884.60 mi) wildlife reserve is located in the regions of Capitale-Nationale , Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean and Mauricie . It shares its limits with the zec Mars-Moulin to the northeast, the zec des Martres and the Grands-Jardins National Park to the east,

559-402: Is known by outdoor enthusiasts for hunting and fishing. Parc des Laurentides was created in 1895 as a forest reserve and as a recreational area for the public. In 1981, two large parcels were split off to become Jacques-Cartier National Park in the south and the Grands-Jardins National Park in the east, while the remaining territory was established as a wildlife reserve. The Jesuit trail ,

602-464: Is the Camp Mercier reception center with 19 cabins. You can practice fishing, small and big game hunting, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing and snowmobiling depending on the season on the provincial snowmobile trail only. The reserve, often called "the park" by locals, is split in half by route 175 , linking the cities of Quebec and Saguenay . Route 169 leads to Hebertville , the main entrance to

645-536: The Iroquois were already fishing for Tommy cod fish in the year 1000 AD. In Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade , in 1938, Eugène Mailhot, busy cutting blocks of ice for the family cooler , discovered that fish were spawning in the Sainte-Anne River. The tourist vocation of small fish fishing developed in the 1940s, when visitors arrived by train to take advantage of this Christmas gift, suppliers transported travelers from

688-955: The Jacques-Cartier National Park to the south, the zec Batiscan-Neilson to the west, the Zec de la Rivière-Blanche to the west and the zec Kiskissink to the north-west. The reserve also encloses the ecological reserves Thomas-Fortin and Victor-A.-Huard . A part to the east of the reserve is part of the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve . Parc des Laurentides is part of the boreal forest. There are mainly firs, spruces and white birches. The bioclimatic domain varies according to altitude, from balsam fir to yellow birch further south, going up to certain places to black spruce-cladonia on certain dry summits. Insects, mammals, birds and fish live together in Réserve faunique des Laurentides. In

731-482: The Lac St-Jean area. The route 175 , named Boulevard Talbot in honor of Antonio Talbot , Member of Parliament for Chicoutimi and Minister of Roads under Maurice Duplessis , crosses the wildlife reserve between the city of Quebec , on the one hand, and the cities of Saguenay and Hébertville , on the other hand. It is a road which had, depending on the sector, one or two lanes in each direction. Significant work

774-768: The Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife between 2003 and 2006, the others by the Sainte-Anne Development and Protection Corporation (CAPSA), in 2002. Winter visitor , the Atlantic tomcod spawns between mid-December and the end of January mainly up to the Sainte-Anne and Batiscan rivers, in the Estuary of St. Lawrence River . Tommy cod fishing is a traditional activity in the Mauricie region practiced for several centuries,

817-566: The Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. This reserve is part of the network of wildlife reserves of Quebec ( Canada ) managed by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Quebec) and the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec . It is located halfway between Saguenay and Quebec . The territory of the reserve (7,861 square kilometres (3,035 sq mi)) has over 2000 lakes and many summits of over 1000 meters. The reserve

860-597: The Tourilli , Chézine , Talayarde , Bras-du-Nord and Jacquot rivers to the north and the Noire , Niagarette and Charest to the south. We must add the Lacoursière and Grimard streams and 204 km² of marshes and natural peat bogs . The forest environment and its lakes cover 79% of the territory of the Sainte-Anne River region, mainly in the southern Laurentians Mountains . Agricultural and urban environments occupy 21% of

903-463: The train station to the river in their dog sleds . Having become a tradition, as soon as the ice permits, in December, the mouth of the Sainte-Anne comes alive to create what will become the world capital of Tommy Cod fishing. During the season, officially from December 26 to February 14, thousands of tourists arrive from all over the world to fish in this fishing village built on the frozen waters of

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946-525: The Sainte-Anne River region has an area of approximately 185 km (110 square miles). In the North/South axis, the territory goes from Saint-Alban to the St. Lawrence River . From East to West, it stretches between longitudes 72° and 72°15'. Saint-Marc-des-Carrières , Saint-Alban , Saint-Casimir , Grondines and Saint-Thuribe are the main municipalities of Portneuf RCM bathed by the Sainte-Anne River. The mouth of

989-544: The Sainte-Anne. The fishing cabins are rented day from 08:00 to 18:00 and night 20:00 to 06:00, they are heated by wood or electricity, a table, benches, chairs, sometimes a couch, a radio and even a television set constitute the furniture. Fishing is done in holes drilled in the floor and in the ice below. Lines suspended above the hole have a weight and two hooks. Raw shrimp or frozen cubes of porc liver serve as bait. Catches are between 150 and 200 fish, per cabin, per rental period. This temporary village, crisscrossed by

1032-518: The banks of the Saint-Anne River, caused numerous secondary landslides and carried earth, sand and gravel. This geological movement modify the watercourses over nearly 25 km. The Sainte-Anne becomes wider and shallower, this new hydrography creates an exceptional aquatic environment for the reproduction of the Tommy cod . Until April 1894, the Sainte-Anne River was a salmon river. In Portneuf RCM ,

1075-518: The course of the Gendron stream. At 4 km upstream from Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade, soil begins to be deposited, creating silting, islands, islets, channels, up to the mouth of the river in the St. Lawrence River . The landslide of 1894 killed 4 people, upset 8 properties, uprooted bridges and docks, slowed down the transport of wood by floating, affected sawmills and put an end to commercial navigation upstream of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade. The landslide eroded

1118-634: The creation, respectively, of Jacques-Cartier National Park and Grands-Jardins National Park . The traditional practice of moose hunting among Native communities is the cause of disputes between the Hurons-Wendat and the Montagnais of Mashteuiatsh . As its name suggests, the reserve is included in the Laurentian Mountains range, and more particularly the Jacques-Cartier Massif . It

1161-539: The discovery of fish species. It is important to know the rules that govern activity in lakes or rivers, in the wilderness as well as in an urban environment. Ministry of the Environment and the Fight Against Climate publishes a new regulation every two years. Among the 27 species of fish mentioned in the list below, Cottus ricei Nelson, Cottus bairdii Girard and Margariscus margarita Cope were sampled by

1204-1052: The edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems . They are often dominated by grasses , rushes or reeds. If woody plants are present they tend to be low-growing shrubs, and the marsh is sometimes called a carr . This form of vegetation is what differentiates marshes from other types of wetland such as swamps , which are dominated by trees , and mires , which are wetlands that have accumulated deposits of acidic peat . Marshes provide habitats for many kinds of invertebrates , fish , amphibians , waterfowl and aquatic mammals . This biological productivity means that marshes contain 0.1% of global sequestered terrestrial carbon . Moreover, they have an outsized influence on climate resilience of coastal areas and waterways, absorbing high tides and other water changes due to extreme weather . Though some marshes are expected to migrate upland, most natural marshlands will be threatened by sea level rise and associated erosion . Marshes provide

1247-629: The first road to cross the sector, was cleared in 1676 and linked Quebec to lac Saint-Jean in three days via Saint-Charles Lake , the valley of the Jacques-Cartier River to Jacques-Cartier Lake , the Pikauba River , the rivière aux Écorces and the Métabetchouane River . The first more or less passable road, the "road of Quebec" allows from 1881 to connect Hébertville to Lac Saint-Jean in Quebec in 40 hours. A branch to Chicoutimi

1290-627: The fringes of large rivers. The different types are produced by factors such as water level, nutrients, ice scour , and waves. Large tracts of tidal marsh have been embanked and artificially drained. They are usually known by the Dutch name of polders . In Northern Germany and Scandinavia they are called Marschland , Marsch or marsk ; in France marais maritime . In the Netherlands and Belgium, they are designated as marine clay districts. In East Anglia ,

1333-447: The highest in the world, and therefore are important in supporting fisheries. Marshes also improve water quality by acting as a sink to filter pollutants and sediment from the water that flows through them. Marshes partake in water purification by providing nutrient and pollution consumption. Marshes (and other wetlands) are able to absorb water during periods of heavy rainfall and slowly release it into waterways and therefore reduce

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1376-414: The land located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands . It is estimated that there were 17 769 people who lived in the Sainte-Anne basin in 2004-2006. The town of Saint-Raymond alone has half the population of the basin. Four other villages are located on the course of the river, namely Sainte-Christine-d'Auvergne , Saint-Alban , Saint-Casimir and Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade . The Sainte-Anne River watershed has

1419-563: The largest in the known history of Quebec. During the night of April 27 to 28, 25 km from the mouth of the Sainte-Anne River, in Saint-Alban , 600 ha of soil slid into the bed of the Noire River , the large quantity of displaced soil modified the geography of several secondary watercourses which feed the Sainte-Anne River. The moving sediments block the channel of the Charest River and change

1462-469: The magnitude of flooding. Marshes also provide the services of tourism, recreation, education, and research. Marshes differ depending mainly on their location and salinity . These factors greatly influence the range and scope of animal and plant life that can survive and reproduce in these environments. The three main types of marsh are salt marshes , freshwater tidal marshes , and freshwater marshes . These three can be found worldwide, and each contains

1505-567: The middle of the Réserve faunique des Laurentides, on the shores of Jacques-Cartier Lake , we find L'Étape , a busy rest area where you can eat and do refueling. This stopover is the only one between Stoneham and Hébertville ( Lac-Saint-Jean ) or Saguenay . Nearby, there is a rescue patrol station ( extrication clamps ) as well as an ambulance station. There is also the La Loutre reception center with its chalets and several camping pitches with or without services. Further south, exactly at km 94,

1548-479: The most diverse of the three types of marsh. Some examples of freshwater marsh types in North America are: Wet meadows occur in shallow lake basins, low-lying depressions, and the land between shallow marshes and upland areas. They also happen on the edges of large lakes and rivers. Wet meadows often have very high plant diversity and high densities of buried seeds. They are regularly flooded but are often dry in

1591-444: The river, at Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade , is part of Les Chenaux RCM . The population of the Sainte-Anne River watershed is very concerned about its aquatic ecosystem . On the main course, due to the high water flow, the water quality is good or satisfactory. In the northern part, sparsely populated and largely dominated by forest , the water of the river and its tributaries is of very good quality. In St. Lawrence Lowlands ,

1634-463: The sheltered side of a shingle or sandspit . The currents there carry the fine particles around to the quiet side of the spit, and sediment begins to build up. These locations allow the marshes to absorb the excess nutrients from the water running through them before they reach the oceans and estuaries. These marshes are slowly declining. Coastal development and urban sprawl have caused significant loss of these essential habitats. Although considered

1677-536: The southern part of the watershed is used for agricultural purposes and is more densely populated, the waters are of poor quality. Agricultural activities are responsible for a large part of the phosphorus loads measured in the sub-basins of the Blanche , Charest , Niagarette rivers and the Gendron Creek . The 2,717.47 km² of the territory of the Sainte-Anne River drainage basin , and its sub-drainage-basin, include

1720-492: The summer. Vernal pools are a type of marsh found only seasonally in shallow depressions in the land. They can be covered in shallow water, but in the summer and fall, they can be completely dry. In western North America, vernal pools tend to form in open grasslands, whereas in the east, they often occur in forested landscapes. Further south, vernal pools form in pine savannas and flatwoods . Many amphibian species depend upon vernal pools for spring breeding; these ponds provide

1763-654: The year and generally have a circular shape. As the playa dries during the summer, conspicuous plant zonation develops along the shoreline. Prairie potholes are found in northern North America, such as the Prairie Pothole Region . Glaciers once covered these landscapes, and as a result, shallow depressions were formed in great numbers. These depressions fill with water in the spring. They provide important breeding habitats for many species of waterfowl. Some pools only occur seasonally, while others retain enough water to be present all year. Many kinds of marsh occur along

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1806-403: Was built in 1882. The reserve was created in 1895 under the name of "Parc des Laurentides". In 1944 and 1945, survey work enabled the current road to be put in place, the route 175 , inaugurated in 1948. The park being of limited access, there were barriers at the three entrances to the road to check the comings and goings. These barriers will be removed in 1977. At the center of the route, there

1849-725: Was undertaken in 2006 and was completed in 2012, the road now has two lanes in each direction. The year 2020 will be the 125th anniversary of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. On this occasion, historian Marc Vallières will publish a book. Marsh In ecology , a marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plants rather than by woody plants . More in general, the word can be used for any low-lying and seasonally waterlogged terrain. In Europe and in agricultural literature low-lying meadows that require draining and embanked polderlands are also referred to as marshes or marshland. Marshes can often be found at

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