99-510: Safari is a web browser developed by Apple . It is built into several of Apple's operating systems , including macOS , iOS , iPadOS and visionOS , and uses Apple's open-source browser engine WebKit , which was derived from KHTML . Safari was introduced in Mac OS X Panther in January 2003. It has been included with the iPhone since the first-generation iPhone in 2007. At that time, Safari
198-523: A cross-platform C++ platform abstraction, and various ports provide more APIs. WebKit passes the Acid2 and Acid3 tests, with pixel-perfect rendering and no timing or smoothness issues on reference hardware. JavaScriptCore is a framework that provides a JavaScript engine for WebKit implementations, and provides this type of scripting in other contexts within macOS. JavaScriptCore is originally derived from KDE 's JavaScript engine ( KJS ) library (which
297-611: A back-forward list, and managing a history of pages recently visited. WebKit is open source and available under the BSD 2-Clause license with the exception of the WebCore and JavaScriptCore components, which are available under the GNU Lesser General Public License . As of March 7, 2013, WebKit is a trademark of Apple, registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The code that would become WebKit began in 1998 as
396-509: A benchmark based on the iBench browser test suite comparing the most popular Windows browsers to the browser, and claimed that Safari had the fastest performance. His claim was later examined by a third-party site called Web Performance over HTTP load times. They verified that Safari 3 was indeed the fastest browser on the Windows platform in terms of initial data loading over the Internet, though it
495-501: A browser. The most-used browser is Google Chrome , with a 67% global market share on all devices, followed by Safari with 18%. A web browser is not the same thing as a search engine , though the two are often confused. A search engine is a website that provides links to other websites. However, to connect to a website's server and display its web pages, a user must have a web browser installed. In some technical contexts, browsers are referred to as user agents . The purpose of
594-415: A fork of WebKit's WebCore component, to be named Blink . Chrome's developers decided on the fork to allow greater freedom in implementing WebCore's features in the browser without causing conflicts upstream, and to allow simplifying its codebase by removing code for WebCore components unused by Chrome. In relation to Opera Software 's announcement earlier in the year that it would switch to WebKit by means of
693-434: A multiprocess system. Chrome for iOS continues to use WebKit because Apple requires that web browsers on that platform must do so. Other applications on macOS and iOS make use of WebKit, such as Apple's e-mail client Mail , App Store, and the 2008 version of Microsoft's Entourage personal information manager , both of which make use of WebKit to render HTML content. New web browsers have been built around WebKit such as
792-489: A new search engine, Bing . Safari 5 supported Reader, which displays web pages in a continuous view, without advertisements. Safari 5 supported a smarter address field and DNS prefetching that automatically found links and looked up addresses on the web. New web pages loaded faster using Domain Name System (DNS) prefetching. The Windows version received an extra update on Graphic acceleration as well. The blue inline progress bar
891-496: A particular folder. The update redirected Safari extensions to be saved directly to Pocket and Dic Go. Software improvements included Autofill quality from the Contrast card and Web Inspector Timelines Tab, in-line sub-headlines, bylines, and publish dates. This version tracks and re-applies zoomed level to websites, and legacy plug-ins were disabled by default in favor of HTML5 versions of websites. Recently closed tabs can be reopened via
990-506: A same iCloud account, the ability to add backgrounds for a start page, new languages for built-in translation, built-in image translation, and new options to edit strong passwords. iOS 16.4 also introduced Web Push notifications. Safari 17 was released in September 2023 with iOS 17, iPadOS 17 and macOS Sonoma . It includes a feature named "Profiles", which allows users to separate their browsing sessions for different use cases. Every profile has
1089-519: A section in the menu for deleting cookies. Finer-grained management of cookies usually requires a browser extension . The first web browser, called WorldWideWeb , was created in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee . He then recruited Nicola Pellow to write the Line Mode Browser , which displayed web pages on dumb terminals . The Mosaic web browser was released in April 1993, and was later credited as
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#17329277498251188-725: A separate Download Window, direct support for RSS feeds in the URL field, and bookmarks. The separate search field and the address bar were also no longer available as a toolbar configuration option. Instead, it was replaced by the smart search field, a combination of the address bar and the search field. Safari 7 was announced at WWDC 2013 , and it brought a number of JavaScript performance improvements. It made uses of Top Site and Sidebar, Shared Links, and Power Saver which paused unused plugins. Safari 7 for OS X Mavericks and Safari 6.1 for Lion and Mountain Lion were all released along with OS X Mavericks in
1287-440: A situation where, "web content (JavaScript, HTML, layout, etc) lives in a separate process from the application UI". This abstraction was intended to make reuse a more straightforward process for WebKit2 than for WebKit. WebKit2 had "an incompatible API change from the original WebKit", which motivated its name change. The WebKit2 targets were set to Linux, macOS, Windows, GTK , and MeeGo -Harmattan. Safari for macOS switched to
1386-508: A special favorites bar, navigation history, extensions, tab groups, and cookies. Just like iOS 16.4, Safari 17 introduces web apps that can be added to the dock. Cookies are copied into web apps so that users stay logged in the web app if they already are in Safari. Safari can also now read pages with a new option in the navigation bar menu. New privacy features include locked private browsing when not in use, tracking-free URLs, private relay based on
1485-441: A supported search engine. Safari 15 was released for iOS 15 , iPadOS 15 , macOS Big Sur and macOS Catalina on September 20, 2021, and later shipped with macOS Monterey . It featured a redesigned interface and tab groups that blended better into the background. There were also a new home page and extension supports on the iOS and iPadOS editions. Starting with this update, Safari versions would support iOS and iPadOS, ending
1584-782: A sync service and web accessibility features. Common user interface (UI) features: While mobile browsers have similar UI features as desktop versions, the limitations of touch screens require mobile UIs to be simpler. The difference is significant for users accustomed to keyboard shortcuts . The most popular desktop browsers also have sophisticated web development tools . Web browsers are popular targets for hackers , who exploit security holes to steal information, destroy files , and other malicious activities. Browser vendors regularly patch these security holes, so users are strongly encouraged to keep their browser software updated. Other protection measures are antivirus software and being aware of scams . WebCore WebKit
1683-646: A user's Mac, iPhone or iPad is logged in to iCloud, but syncing can be disabled in the Settings app (on iOS and iPadOS) or System Settings (on Mac). iCloud Tabs lets users see a list of their other devices' open tabs that have not been added to a tab group. On iOS and iPadOS, these iCloud Tabs are shown below the grid of open tabs. On the Mac, they are shown at the bottom of the Tab Overview, or in an optional iCloud Tabs toolbar item. Safari 15 added tab groups. These tab groups, and
1782-530: A web browser is to fetch content and display it on the user's device. This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), such as https://en.wikipedia.org/ , into the browser. Virtually all URLs on the Web start with either http: or https: which means they are retrieved with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). For secure mode (HTTPS), the connection between
1881-656: Is a browser engine primarily used in Apple's Safari web browser, as well as all web browsers on iOS and iPadOS . WebKit is also used by the PlayStation consoles starting with the PS3, the Tizen mobile operating systems, the Amazon Kindle e-book reader, Nintendo consoles starting with the 3DS Internet Browser , and the discontinued BlackBerry Browser . WebKit started as a fork of
1980-544: Is available under the BSD 2-Clause license. Beginning in early 2007, the development team began to implement Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) extensions, including animation , transitions and both 2D and 3D transforms; such extensions were released as working drafts to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 2009 for standardization. In November 2007, the project announced that it had added support for media features of
2079-460: Is based on Mozilla 's code. Both of these codebases are open-source, so a number of small niche browsers are also made from them. The most popular browsers share many features in common. They automatically log users' browsing history , unless the users turn off their browsing history or use the non-logging private mode . They also allow users to set bookmarks , customize the browser with extensions , and can manage user passwords . Some provide
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#17329277498252178-678: Is part of the KDE project) and the PCRE regular expression library. Since forking from KJS and PCRE, JavaScriptCore has been improved with many new features and greatly improved performance. On June 2, 2008, the WebKit project announced they rewrote JavaScriptCore as "SquirrelFish", a bytecode interpreter . The project evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme (abbreviated SFX, marketed as Nitro), announced on September 18, 2008 further speeding up JavaScript execution. An optimizing just-in-time (JIT) compiler named FTL
2277-593: The Chromium codebase, it was confirmed that the Opera web browser would also switch to Blink. Following the announcement, WebKit developers began discussions on removing Chrome-specific code from the engine to streamline its codebase. WebKit no longer has any Chrome specific code (e.g., buildsystem, V8 JavaScript engine hooks, platform code, etc.). WebCore is a layout, rendering, and Document Object Model (DOM) library for HTML and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), developed by
2376-592: The GTK toolkit for Linux , under the name WebKitGTK which is used by Eolie, GNOME Web , Adobe Integrated Runtime , Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL), and the Clutter toolkit. Qt Software included a WebKit port in the Qt 4.4 release as a module called QtWebKit (since superseded by Qt WebEngine , which uses Blink instead). The Iris Browser on Qt also used WebKit. The Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL) port – EWebKit –
2475-452: The HTML5 draft specification, allowing embedded video to be natively rendered and script-controlled in WebKit. On June 2, 2008, the WebKit project announced they rewrote JavaScriptCore as "SquirrelFish", a bytecode interpreter . The project evolved into SquirrelFish Extreme (abbreviated SFX), announced on September 18, 2008, which compiles JavaScript into native machine code , eliminating
2574-538: The KDE HTML ( KHTML ) layout engine and KDE JavaScript ( KJS ) engine. The WebKit project was started within Apple by Lisa Melton on June 25, 2001, as a fork of KHTML and KJS . Melton explained in an e-mail to KDE developers that KHTML and KJS allowed easier development than other available technologies by virtue of being small (fewer than 140,000 lines of code ), cleanly designed and standards-compliant. KHTML and KJS
2673-475: The KHTML and KJS libraries from KDE , and has since been further developed by KDE contributors, Apple , Google , Nokia , Bitstream , BlackBerry , Sony , Igalia , and others. WebKit supports macOS , Windows , Linux , and various other Unix-like operating systems . On April 3, 2013, Google announced that it had forked WebCore, a component of WebKit, to be used in future versions of Google Chrome and
2772-459: The Opera web browser , under the name Blink . Its JavaScript engine, JavascriptCore, also powers the Bun server-side JS runtime, as opposed to V8 used by Node.js , Deno , and Blink . WebKit's C++ application programming interface (API) provides a set of classes to display Web content in windows , and implements browser features such as following links when clicked by the user, managing
2871-712: The S60 browser on Symbian mobile phones, BlackBerry Browser (ver 6.0+), Midori , Chrome browser, the Android Web browser before version 4.4 KitKat, and the browser used in PlayStation 3 system software from version 4.10. KDE's Rekonq web browser and Plasma Workspaces also use it as the native web rendering engine. WebKit has been adopted as the rendering engine in OmniWeb , iCab and Web (formerly named Epiphany) and Sleipnir , replacing their original rendering engines. GNOME's Web supported both Gecko and WebKit for some time, but
2970-574: The iPhone , iPod Touch , and iPad , where it is used to render content in the device's web browser and e-mail software. The Android mobile phone platform used WebKit (and later versions its Blink fork ) as the basis of its web browser and the Palm Pre , announced January 2009, has an interface based on WebKit. The Amazon Kindle 3 includes an experimental WebKit based browser. In June 2007, Apple announced that WebKit had been ported to Microsoft Windows as part of Safari. Although Safari for Windows
3069-408: The most popular browser. Microsoft debuted Internet Explorer in 1995, leading to a browser war with Netscape. Within a few years, Microsoft gained a dominant position in the browser market for two reasons: it bundled Internet Explorer with its popular Windows operating system and did so as freeware with no restrictions on usage. The market share of Internet Explorer peaked at over 95% in
Safari (web browser) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3168-825: The Apple Developer Program in WWDC 2015 , which costs $ 99 a year. The charges prompted frustrations from developers. Within OS X El Capitan, Apple implemented the Secure Extension Distribution to further improve its security, and it automatically updated all extensions within the Safari Extensions Gallery. Until Safari 6.0, it included a built-in web feed aggregator that supported the RSS and Atom standards. Current features included Private Browsing (a mode in which
3267-502: The Canvas API. In 2015, Safari was criticized for failing to keep pace with some modern web technologies. In September 2017, Apple announced that it would use artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce the ability of advertisers to track Safari users as they browse the web. Cookies used for tracking will be allowed for 24 hours, then disabled, unless the AI system judges that the user wants to keep
3366-539: The History menu, or by holding the "+" button in the tab bar, and using Shift-Command-T. When a link opens in a new tab; it is now possible to hit the back button or swipe to close it and go back to the original tab. Debugging is now supported on the Web Inspector. Safari 10 also includes several security updates, including fixes for six WebKit vulnerabilities and issues related to Reader and Tabs. The first version of Safari 10
3465-495: The KDE project was able to incorporate some of these changes to improve KHTML's rendering speed and add features, including compliance with the Acid2 rendering test. Following the appearance of a story of the fork in the news, Apple released the source code of the WebKit fork in a public revision-control repository. The WebKit team had also reversed many Apple-specific changes in the original WebKit code base and implemented platform-specific abstraction layers to make committing
3564-539: The Mac, starting with Mac OS 8.1 . Netscape continued to be preinstalled on all Macintoshes . Microsoft continued to update IE for Mac, which was ported to Mac OS X DP4 in May 2000. Apple introduced the Safari web, on January 7, 2003. At the time, Steve Jobs called Safari, “a turbo browser for Mac OS X.” Apple created Safari for speed, calling it the fastest browser for the Mac. Jobs compared it to Internet Explorer, Netscape, and Chimera (later renamed Camino), showing that Safari
3663-628: The Share Sheets capability in OS X Mountain Lion. The Share Sheet options were: Add to Reading List, Add Bookmark, Email this Page, Message, Twitter, and Facebook. Tabs with full-page previews were added, too. The sixth major version of Safari, it added options to allow pages to be shared with other users via email, Messages , Twitter, and Facebook, as well as making some minor performance improvements. It added supports for -webkit-calc() in CSS. Additionally, various features were removed including Activity Window,
3762-601: The WebExtension API used in Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge , Firefox , and Opera , making it easier for developers to port their extensions from those web browsers to Safari. Support for Adobe Flash Player will also be dropped from Safari, 3 months ahead of its end-of-life . A built-in translation service allows translation of a page to another language. Safari 14 was released as a standalone update to macOS Catalina and Mojave users on September 16, 2020. It added Ecosia as
3861-500: The WebKit project. Its full source code is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). The WebKit framework wraps WebCore and JavaScriptCore, providing an Objective-C application programming interface to the C++ -based WebCore rendering engine and JavaScriptCore script engine, allowing it to be easily referenced by applications based on the Cocoa API ; later versions also include
3960-503: The Windows version of Safari 5. Microsoft had also removed Safari from its browser-choice page. On June 11, 2012, Apple released a developer preview of Safari 6.0 with a feature called iCloud Tabs, which syncs with open tabs on any iOS or other OS X device that ran the latest software. It updated new privacy features, including an "Ask websites not to track me" preference and the ability for websites to send OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion users notifications, though it removed RSS support. Safari 6 had
4059-683: The accessibility to secure extensions. The progress bar was re-added in this version as well. Safari 5.0.1 enabled the Extensions PrefPane by default, rather than requiring users to manually set it in the Debug menu. Apple exclusively released Safari 4.1 concurrently with Safari 5 for Mac OS X Tiger . It included many features that were found in Safari 5, though it excluded the Safari Reader and Safari Extensions. Apple released Safari 5.1 for both Windows and Mac on July 20, 2011, for Mac OS X 10.7 Lion; it
Safari (web browser) - Misplaced Pages Continue
4158-426: The aim of making porting to embedded or lightweight systems quicker and easier. This port is used for embedded devices such as set-top boxes , PMP and it has been ported into AmigaOS , AROS and MorphOS . MorphOS version 1.7 is the first version of Origyn Web Browser (OWB) supporting HTML5 media tags. Web Platform for Embedded (WPE) is a WebKit port designed for embedded applications; it further improves
4257-418: The architecture by splitting the basic rendering functional blocks into a general-purpose routines library (libwpe), platform backends, and engine itself (called WPE WebKit). The GTK port, albeit self-contained, can be built to use these base libraries instead of its internal platform support implementation. The WPE port is currently maintained by Igalia. On April 3, 2013, Google announced that it would produce
4356-513: The basis for many other browsers, including Microsoft Edge , currently in third place with about a 5% share, as well as Samsung Internet and Opera in fifth and sixth places respectively with over 2% market share each. The other two browsers in the top four are made from different codebases . Safari , based on Apple 's WebKit code, is the second most popular web browser and is dominant on Apple devices, resulting in an 18% global share. Firefox , in fourth place, with about 3% market share,
4455-494: The browser and web server is encrypted , providing a secure and private data transfer. Web pages usually contain hyperlinks to other pages and resources. Each link contains a URL, and when it is clicked or tapped , the browser navigates to the new resource. Most browsers use an internal cache of web page resources to improve loading times for subsequent visits to the same page. The cache can store many items, such as large images, so they do not need to be downloaded from
4554-408: The browser but already installed on Windows computers such as Tahoma , Trebuchet MS , and others. The iPhone was previously released on June 29, 2007, with a version of Safari based on the same WebKit rendering engine as the desktop version but with a modified feature set better suited for a mobile device. The version number of Safari as reported in its user agent string is 3.0 was in line along with
4653-489: The browser history, though with time limits. For example, first-party cookies from ad-tech companies such as Google/Alphabet Inc ., were set to expire in 24-hours after the visit. Safari 12 was released for macOS Mojave on September 24, 2018. It was also available to macOS Sierra and macOS High Sierra on September 17, 2018. Safari 12 included several new features such as Icons in tabs, Automatic Strong Passwords, and Intelligent Tracking Prevention 2.0. Safari version 12.0.1
4752-510: The browser retains no record of information about the user's web activity), the ability to archive web content in WebArchive format, the ability to email complete web pages directly from a browser menu, the ability to search bookmarks, and the ability to share tabs between all Mac and iOS devices running appropriate versions of software via an iCloud account. In Safari's early years, it pioneered several HTML5 features that are now standard, such as
4851-683: The changes made it impossible to offer a similar level of user protection found in other browsers. Internally, the update limited the number of blocking rules which could be applied by third-party extensions, preventing the full implementation of community-developed blocklists. In response, several developers of popular ad and tracking blockers announced their products were being discontinued, as they were now incompatible with Safari's newly limited content blocking features. Beginning with Safari 13, popular extensions such as uBlock Origin no longer work with Safari. Safari can sync bookmarks, history, reading list, and tabs through iCloud. This happens by default if
4950-450: The community. Safari 13 was announced at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019. Safari 13 included several new features such as prompting users to change weak passwords, FIDO2 USB security key authentication support, Sign in with Apple support, Apple Pay on the Web support and increased speed and security. Safari 13 was released on September 20, 2019, on macOS Mojave and macOS High Sierra , and later shipped with macOS Catalina . In June 2020 it
5049-415: The compact mode on macOS, and faster loading times. Starting iOS 15 and iPadOS 15, Safari would now ship the same features as the macOS version, which also included the name of the updates, ending the separate iOS version. Safari Technology Preview was first released alongside OS X El Capitan 10.11.4. Safari Technology Preview releases include the latest version of WebKit, which included Web technologies in
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#17329277498255148-568: The contemporary desktop editions. The first stable, non-beta version of Safari for Windows, Safari 3.1, was offered as a free download on March 18, 2008. In June 2008, Apple released version 3.1.2, which addressed a security vulnerability in the Windows version where visiting a malicious web site could force a download of executable files and execute them on the user's desktop. Safari 3.2, released on November 13, 2008, introduced anti-phishing features using Google Safe Browsing and Extended Validation Certificate support. The final version of Safari 3
5247-693: The cookie. Major advertising groups objected, saying it will reduce the free services supported by advertising, while other experts praised the change. Apple used a remotely updated plug-in blacklist to prevent potentially dangerous or vulnerable plugins from running on Safari. Initially, Flash and Java contents were blocked on some early versions of Safari. Since Safari 12, support for NPAPI plugins (except for Flash) has been completely dropped. Safari 14 finally dropped support for Adobe Flash Player. Beginning in 2018, Apple made technical changes to Safari's content blocking functionality which prompted backlash from users and developers of ad blocking extensions, who said
5346-541: The core rendering code to other platforms significantly easier. In July 2007, Ars Technica reported that the KDE team would move from KHTML to WebKit. Instead, after several years of integration, KDE Development Platform version 4.5.0 was released in August 2010 with support for both WebKit and KHTML, and development of KHTML continued until 2016 before it was officially discontinued in 2023. On June 7, 2005, Safari developer Dave Hyatt announced on his weblog that Apple
5445-488: The country’s location and time instead of general position. Safari has also been adapted to Vision Pro with a new spatial UI, and Apple has redesigned the Develop menu for web developers. Safari 17 added AV1 hardware decoding support for devices with hardware decoding support. Safari 18 was released in September 2024 with iOS 18, iPadOS 18 and macOS Sequoia , and for the first time, visionOS 2 . Like Safari 15, it redesigns
5544-561: The cumulative number of mobile handsets shipped with a WebKit-based browser at 350 million. By mid-April 2015, WebKit browser market share was 50.3%. The week after Hyatt announced WebKit's open-sourcing, Nokia announced that it had ported WebKit to the Symbian operating system and was developing a browser based on WebKit for mobile phones running S60. Named Web Browser for S60 , it was used on Nokia, Samsung, LG, and other Symbian S60 mobile phones. Apple has also ported WebKit to iOS to run on
5643-646: The early 2000s. In 1998, Netscape launched what would become the Mozilla Foundation to create a new browser using the open-source software model. This work evolved into the Firefox browser, first released by Mozilla in 2004. Firefox's market share peaked at 32% in 2010. Apple released its Safari browser in 2003; it remains the dominant browser on Apple devices, though it did not become popular elsewhere. Google debuted its Chrome browser in 2008, which steadily took market share from Internet Explorer and became
5742-466: The final version which was released on November 11, 2009, for both Mac and Windows, which further improved the JavaScript performances. Safari 5 was released on June 7, 2010, and was the final version (version 5.1.7) for Windows. It featured a less distractive reader view, and had a 30x faster JavaScript performances. It incorporated numerous developer tool improvements including HTML5 interoperability, and
5841-631: The first web browser to find mainstream popularity. Its innovative graphical user interface made the World Wide Web easy to navigate and thus more accessible to the average person. This, in turn, sparked the Internet boom of the 1990s, when the Web grew at a very rapid rate. The lead developers of Mosaic then founded the Netscape corporation, which released the Mosaic-influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994. Navigator quickly became
5940-426: The frequently visited sites in a startup. The desktop version of Safari 4 included a redesign similar to that of the iPhone. The update also commissioned many developer tool improvements including Web Inspectors, CSS element viewings, JavaScript debuggers and profilers, offline tables, database management, SQL support and resource graphs. In additions to CSS retouching effects, CSS canvas, and HTML5 content. It replaced
6039-481: The future stable releases of Safari so that developers and users can install the Technology Preview release on a Mac, test those features, and provide feedback. The Safari Developer Program was a program dedicated to in-browser extension and HTML developers. It allowed members to write and distribute extensions for Safari through the Safari Extensions Gallery. It was initially free until it was incorporated into
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#17329277498256138-449: The horizontal tab view in the top Toolbar. Web browser A web browser is an application for accessing websites . When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. Browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops , laptops , tablets , and smartphones . By 2020, an estimated 4.9 billion people had used
6237-420: The iOS version of separate updates. Safari 16 was released for iOS 16 , macOS Monterey and macOS Big Sur on September 12, 2022, and later shipped with macOS Ventura and iPadOS 16 . Safari 16 added support for non-animated AVIF and contains several bug fixes and feature polishing. Safari 16 also includes shared tab groups, vertical tab support, website settings synchronization between devices connected to
6336-490: The initial Mac OS X-like interface with native Windows themes on Windows using native font renderings. Safari 4.0.1 was released for Mac on June 17, 2009, and fixed Faces bugs in iPhoto '09. Safari 4 in Mac OS X v10.6 "Snow Leopard" has built-in 64-bit support, which makes JavaScript load up to 50% faster. It also has native crash resistances that would maintain it intact if a plugin like Flash player crashes, though other tabs or windows would not be affected. Safari 4.0.4,
6435-409: The interface, but not limited to the start page and reader mode (which is now called Reader). A new feature, AI-powered "Highlights" have been introduced, which will automatically detect relevant information on a page and highlight it as you browse. Other new features include a redesigned unified menu which is now on all versions of the browser, previously it was exclusive to iOS and iPadOS along with
6534-401: The lack of access to change logs, Apple moved the development source code and bug tracking of WebCore and JavaScriptCore to OpenDarwin. They have also open-sourced WebKit. The source code is for non-renderer aspects of the browser such as its GUI elements and the remaining proprietary. The final stable version of Safari 2 and the last version released exclusively with Mac OS X, Safari 2.0.4,
6633-508: The most popular browser in 2012. Chrome has remained dominant ever since. By 2015, Microsoft replaced Internet Explorer with Edge for the Windows 10 release. Since the early 2000s, browsers have greatly expanded their HTML , CSS , JavaScript , and multimedia capabilities. One reason has been to enable more sophisticated websites, such as web apps . Another factor is the significant increase of broadband connectivity in many parts of
6732-484: The need for a bytecode interpreter and thus speeding up JavaScript execution. Initially, the only supported processor architecture for SFX was the x86 , but at the end of January 2009, SFX was enabled for macOS on x86-64 as it passes all tests on that platform. On April 8, 2010, a project named WebKit2 was announced to redesign WebKit. Its goal was to abstract the components that provide web rendering cleanly from their surrounding interface or application shell, creating
6831-552: The new API with version 5.1. Safari for iOS switched to WebKit2 with iOS 8. The original WebKit API has been renamed WebKitLegacy API. WebKit2 API has been renamed just plain WebKit API. WebKit is used as the rendering engine within Safari and was formerly used by Google 's Chrome web browser on Windows, macOS, and Android (before version 4.4 KitKat). Chrome used only WebCore, and included its own JavaScript engine named V8 and
6930-448: The publicized "divorce" period, KDE developer Kurt Pfeifle ( pipitas ) posted an article claiming KHTML developers had managed to backport many (but not all) Safari improvements from WebCore to KHTML, and they always appreciated the improvements coming from Apple and still do so. The article also noted Apple had begun to contact KHTML developers about discussing how to improve the mutual relationship and ways of future cooperation. In fact,
7029-401: The server again. Cached items are usually only stored for as long as the web server stipulates in its HTTP response messages. During the course of browsing, cookies received from various websites are stored by the browser. Some of them contain login credentials or site preferences. However, others are used for tracking user behavior over long periods of time, so browsers typically provide
7128-524: The special event on October 22, 2013. Safari 8 was announced at WWDC 2014 and was released for OS X Yosemite . It included the JavaScript API WebGL , stronger privacy management, improved iCloud integration, and a redesigned interface. It was also faster and more efficient, with additional developer features including JavaScript Promises , CSS Shapes & Composting mark up, IndexedDB , Encrypted Media Extensions , and SPDY protocol. Safari 9
7227-464: The subset of Qt required to make KHTML work on macOS written in Objective C++, and macOS calls. The exchange of code between WebCore and KHTML became increasingly difficult as the code base diverged because both projects had different approaches in coding and code sharing. At one point KHTML developers said they were unlikely to accept Apple's changes and claimed the relationship between the two groups
7326-470: The tab they are currently viewing. Safari supports the Handoff feature, which allows users to continue where they left off on another device. The Safari sidebar was introduced in Safari 8 as a way to access Bookmarks , Reading List , and Shared Tabs. The sidebar got its biggest update in Safari 16, when it added support for vertical tabs . This allows users to see their tabs arranged vertically in addition to
7425-414: The tabs they contain, can be synced across devices; when a tab is opened in a tab group on one device, it is added to that tab group on all devices, without needing to manually open it through iCloud Tabs. macOS Ventura added Shared Tab Groups, which can be shared through iMessage . New tabs and closed tabs will sync for all participants, and a small thumbnail with users' profile pictures will be visible on
7524-503: The team decided that Gecko's release cycle and future development plans would make it too cumbersome to continue supporting it. webOS uses WebKit as the basis of its application runtime. WebKit is used to render HTML and run JavaScript in the Adobe Integrated Runtime application platform. In Adobe Creative Suite CS5, WebKit is used to render some parts of the user interface. As of the first half of 2010, an analyst estimated
7623-405: The world, enabling people to access data-intensive content, such as streaming HD video on YouTube , that was not possible during the era of dial-up modems . Google Chrome has been the dominant browser since the mid-2010s and currently has a 67% global market share on all devices. The vast majority of its source code comes from Google's open-source Chromium project; this code is also
7722-517: Was a "bitter failure". They claimed Apple submitted their changes in large patches containing multiple changes with inadequate documentation, often in relation to future additions to the codebase. Thus, these patches were difficult for the KDE developers to integrate back into KHTML. Also, Apple had demanded that developers sign non-disclosure agreements before looking at Apple's source code and even then they were unable to access Apple's bug database. During
7821-432: Was announced in WWDC 2015 and was shipped with OS X El Capitan . New features included audio muting, more options for Safari Reader, and improved autofill . It was not fully available for the previous OS X Yosemite. Safari 10 was shipped with macOS Sierra and released for OS X Yosemite and OS X El Capitan on September 20, 2016. It had a redesigned Bookmark and History views, and double-clicking will centralized focus on
7920-454: Was announced that macOS Big Sur will include Safari 14. According to Apple, Safari 14 is more than 50% faster than Google Chrome. Safari 14 introduced new privacy features, including Privacy Report, which shows blocked content and privacy information on web pages. Users will also receive a monthly report on trackers that Safari has blocked. Extensions can also be enabled or disabled on a site-by-site basis. Safari 14 introduced partial support for
8019-401: Was based on WebKit , the company's internal fork of the KHTML browser engine. Apple released the first beta version exclusively on Mac OS X the same day. After that date, several official and unofficial beta versions followed until version 1.0 was released on June 23, 2003. On Mac OS X v10.3, Safari was pre-installed as the system's default browser, rather than requiring a manual download, as
8118-501: Was capable of running a 1.8x speed boost compared to version 1.2.4 but it did not yet feature the Acid2 bug fixes. These major changes were initially unavailable for end-users unless they privately installed and compiled the WebKit source code or ran one of the nightly automated builds available at OpenDarwin . Version 2.0.2, released on October 31, 2005, finally included the Acid2 bug fixes. In June 2005 in response to KHTML criticisms over
8217-410: Was developed (by Samsung and ProFusion ) focusing the embedded and mobile systems, for use as stand alone browser, widgets-gadgets, rich text viewer and composer. The Clutter port is developed by Collabora and sponsored by Robert Bosch GmbH . There was also a project synchronized with WebKit (sponsored by Pleyo) called Origyn Web Browser , which provided a meta-port to an abstract platform with
8316-549: Was faster than Safari 5.0, and included the new Reading List feature. The company simultaneously announced Safari 5.0.6 in late June 2010 for Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, though the new functions were excluded from Leopard users. Several HTML5 features were provided in Safari 5. It added supports for full-screen video, closed caption, geolocation, EventSource, and a now obsolete early variant of the WebSocket protocol. The fifth major version of Safari added supports for Full-text search , and
8415-503: Was faster. The second reason that Apple created Safari was to innovate; Apple wanted to make the best browser ever. [1] During development, several codenames were used including "Freedom", "iBrowse" and "Alexander" (a reference to conqueror Alexander the Great , an homage to the Konqueror web browser). On January 7, 2003, at Macworld San Francisco, Apple CEO Steve Jobs announced Safari that
8514-488: Was later evolved to SquirrelFish Extreme, later also marketed as Nitro, which had 63.6x faster performances. A public beta of Safari 4 was experimented in February 24, 2009. Safari 4 relied on Cover Flow to run the History and Bookmarks, and it featured Speculative Loading that automatically pre-loaded document information that is required to visit a particular website. The top sites can be displayed up to 24 thumbnails based on
8613-596: Was only negligibly faster than Internet Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox when it came to static content from the local cache . The initial Safari 3 beta version for Windows, released on the same day as its announcement at WWDC 2007, contained several bugs and a zero day exploit that allowed remote code executions. The issues were then fixed by Apple three days later on June 14, 2007, in version 3.0.1. On June 22, 2007, Apple released Safari 3.0.2 to address some bugs, performance problems, and other security issues. Safari 3.0.2 for Windows handled some fonts that were missing in
8712-482: Was open-sourcing WebKit (formerly, only WebCore and JavaScriptCore were open source) and opening up access to WebKit's revision control tree and the issue tracker. In mid-December 2005, support for Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) was merged into the standard build. WebKit's JavaScriptCore and WebCore components are available under the GNU Lesser General Public License, while the rest of WebKit
8811-492: Was ported to macOS with the help of an adapter library and renamed WebCore and JavaScriptCore. JavaScriptCore was announced in an e-mail to a KDE mailing list in June 2002, alongside the first release of Apple's changes. According to Apple, some changes which called for different development tactics involved macOS-specific features that are absent in KDE's KHTML, such as Objective-C , KWQ (pronounced "quack") an implementation of
8910-516: Was previously referred to as Safari 5.2 until Apple changed the version number at WWDC 2012 . The stable release of Safari 6 coincided with the release of OS X Mountain Lion on July 25, 2012, and was integrated within OS. As a result, it was no longer available for download from Apple's website or any other sources. Apple released Safari 6 via Software Update for users of OS X Lion. It was not released for OS X versions before Lion or for Windows. The company later quietly removed references and links for
9009-461: Was redesigned in Safari 15. Netscape Navigator rapidly became the dominant Mac browser after its 1994 release, and eventually came bundled with Mac OS. In 1996, Microsoft released Internet Explorer for Mac , and Apple released the Cyberdog internet suite, which included a web browser. In 1997, Apple shelved Cyberdog, and reached a five-year agreement with Microsoft to make IE the default browser on
9108-407: Was released on October 30, 2018, within macOS Mojave 10.14.1, and Safari 12.0.2 was released on December 5, 2018, under macOS 10.14.2. Support for developer-signed classic Safari Extensions has been dropped. This version would also be the last that supported the official Extensions Gallery. Apple also encouraged extension authors to switch to Safari App Extensions, which triggered negative feedback from
9207-520: Was released on September 20, 2016, and the last version (10.1.2) was released on July 19, 2017. Safari 11 was released on September 19, 2017 for OS X El Capitan and macOS Sierra , ahead of macOS High Sierra 's release. It was included with High Sierra. Safari 11 included several new features such as Intelligent Tracking Prevention which aimed to prevent cross-site tracking by placing limitations on cookies and other website data. Intelligent Tracking Prevention allowed first-party cookies to continue track
9306-476: Was returned to the address bar; in addition to the spinning bezel and loading indicator introduced in Safari 4. Top Sites view now had a button to switch to Full History Search. Other features included Extension Builder for developers of Safari Extensions. Other changes included an improved inspector. Safari 5 supports Extensions, add-ons that customize the web browsing experience. Extensions are built using web standards such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript. Safari 6.0
9405-405: Was silently discontinued by the company, WebKit's ports to Microsoft's operating system are still actively maintained. The Windows port uses Apple's proprietary libraries to function and is used for iCloud and iTunes for Windows, whereas the "WinCairo" port is a fully open-source and redistributable port. WebKit has also been ported to several toolkits that support multiple platforms, such as
9504-530: Was the case with the previous Mac OS X versions. Safari's predecessor, the Internet Explorer for Mac, was then included in 10.3 as an alternative. In April 2005, Engineer Dave Hyatt fixed several bugs in Safari. His experimental beta passed the Acid2 rendering test on April 27, 2005, marking it the first browser to do so. Safari 2.0 which was released on April 29, 2005, was the sole browser Mac OS X 10.4 offered by default. Apple touted this version as it
9603-496: Was the fastest browser on the Mac . Between 2007 and 2012, Apple maintained a Windows version, but abandoned it due to low market share . In 2010, Safari 5 introduced a reader mode, extensions, and developer tools. Safari 11, released in 2017, added Intelligent Tracking Prevention, which uses artificial intelligence to block web tracking . Safari 13 added support for Apple Pay , and authentication with FIDO2 security keys. Its interface
9702-562: Was updated on January 10, 2006, for Mac OS X. It was only available within Mac OS X Update 10.4.4, and it delivered fixes to layout and CPU usage issues among other improvements. On January 9, 2007, at Macworld San Francisco, Jobs unveiled that Safari 3 was ported to the newly-introduced iPhone within iPhone OS (later called iOS). The mobile version was capable of displaying full, desktop-class websites. At WWDC 2007 , Jobs announced Safari 3 for Mac OS X 10.5 , Windows XP, and Windows Vista. He ran
9801-455: Was version 3.2.3, which was released on May 12, 2009, with security improvements. Safari 4 was released on June 8, 2009. It was the first version that had completely passed the Acid3 rendering test, as well as the first version to support HTML5 . It incorporated WebKit JavaScript engine SquirrelFish that significantly enhanced the browser's script interpretation performances by 29.9x. SquirrelFish
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