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69-458: RSS ( RDF Site Summary or Really Simple Syndication ) is a web feed that allows users and applications to access updates to websites in a standardized , computer-readable format. Subscribing to RSS feeds can allow a user to keep track of many different websites in a single news aggregator , which constantly monitors sites for new content, removing the need for the user to manually check them. News aggregators (or "RSS readers") can be built into

138-454: A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). An object can also be a literal value. This simple, flexible data model has a lot of expressive power to represent complex situations, relationships, and other things of interest, while also being appropriately abstract. RDF was adopted as a W3C recommendation in 1999. The RDF 1.0 specification was published in 2004, and the RDF 1.1 specification in 2014. SPARQL

207-446: A browser , installed on a desktop computer , or installed on a mobile device . Websites usually use RSS feeds to publish frequently updated information, such as blog entries, news headlines, episodes of audio and video series, or for distributing podcasts . An RSS document (called "feed", "web feed", or "channel") includes full or summarized text, and metadata , like publishing date and author's name. RSS formats are specified using

276-410: A labeled , directed multigraph . This makes an RDF data model better suited to certain kinds of knowledge representation than other relational or ontological models. As RDFS , OWL and SHACL demonstrate, one can build additional ontology languages upon RDF. The initial RDF design, intended to "build a vendor-neutral and operating system- independent system of metadata", derived from

345-549: A DCMI Usage Board within the context of a DCMI Namespace Policy. This policy describes how terms are assigned and also sets limits on the amount of editorial changes allowed to the labels, definitions, and usage comments. The Dublin Core Metadata Terms vocabulary has been formally standardized internationally as ISO 15836 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and as IETF RFC 5013 by

414-579: A URI could represent absolutely anything. However, there is broad agreement that a bare URI (without a # symbol) which returns a 300-level coded response when used in an HTTP GET request should be treated as denoting the internet resource that it succeeds in accessing. Therefore, producers and consumers of RDF statements must agree on the semantics of resource identifiers. Such agreement is not inherent to RDF itself, although there are some controlled vocabularies in common use, such as Dublin Core Metadata, which

483-550: A feed's URI into the reader or by clicking on the browser's feed icon . The RSS reader checks the user's feeds regularly for new information and can automatically download it, if that function is enabled. The RSS formats were preceded by several attempts at web syndication that did not achieve widespread popularity. The basic idea of restructuring information about websites goes back to as early as 1995, when Ramanathan V. Guha and others in Apple 's Advanced Technology Group developed

552-405: A generic XML file. Although RSS formats have evolved from as early as March 1999, it was between 2005 and 2006 when RSS gained widespread use, and the (" [REDACTED] ") icon was decided upon by several major web browsers. RSS feed data is presented to users using software called a news aggregator and the passing of content is called web syndication . Users subscribe to feeds either by entering

621-557: A major new version of the format, RSS 2.0, that redubbed its initials Really Simple Syndication. RSS 2.0 removed the type attribute added in the RSS 0.94 draft and added support for namespaces. To preserve backward compatibility with RSS 0.92, namespace support applies only to other content included within an RSS 2.0 feed, not the RSS 2.0 elements themselves. (Although other standards such as Atom attempt to correct this limitation, RSS feeds are not aggregated with other content often enough to shift

690-565: A podcast, a user adds the RSS feed to their podcast client, and the client can then list available episodes and download or stream them for listening or viewing. To be included in a podcast directory the feed must for each episode provide a title, description, artwork, category, language, and explicit rating. There are some services that specifically indexes and is a search engine for podcasts. Some BitTorrent clients support RSS. RSS feeds which provide links to .torrent files allow users to subscribe and automatically download content as soon as it

759-520: A result, publishers began placing HTML markup into the titles and descriptions of items in their RSS feeds. This behavior has become expected of readers, to the point of becoming a de facto standard. Though there is still some inconsistency in how software handles this markup, particularly in titles. The RSS 2.0 specification was later updated to include examples of entity-encoded HTML; however, all prior plain text usages remain valid. As of January 2007, tracking data from www.syndic8.com indicates that

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828-450: A single scope identifier to be associated with a statement that has not been assigned a URI, itself. Likewise named graphs in which a set of triples is named by a URI can represent context without the need to reify the triples. The predominant query language for RDF graphs is SPARQL . SPARQL is an SQL -like language, and a recommendation of the W3C as of January 15, 2008. The following

897-461: A specific element refinement term should be able to ignore the qualifier and treat the metadata value as if it were an unqualified (broader) element. While this may result in some loss of specificity, the remaining element value (without the qualifier) should continue to be generally correct and useful for discovery. Qualified Dublin Core added qualifiers to these elements: And added three elements not in

966-539: A statement can be associated with a context, named by a URI, in order to assert an "is true in" relationship. As another example, it is sometimes convenient to group statements by their source, which can be identified by a URI, such as the URI of a particular RDF/XML document. Then, when updates are made to the source, corresponding statements can be changed in the model, as well. Implementation of scopes does not necessarily require fully reified statements. Some implementations allow

1035-463: A synopsis, but the RSS 1.* markup can be (and often is) used as an extension. There are also several common outside extension packages available, e.g. one from Microsoft for use in Internet Explorer 7. The most serious compatibility problem is with HTML markup. Userland's RSS reader—generally considered as the reference implementation—did not originally filter out HTML markup from feeds. As

1104-402: A type of database called a triplestore . The subject of an RDF statement is either a uniform resource identifier (URI) or a blank node , both of which denote resources . Resources indicated by blank nodes are called anonymous resources. They are not directly identifiable from the RDF statement. The predicate is a URI which also indicates a resource, representing a relationship. The object

1173-433: Is SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language). SHACL specification is divided in two parts: SHACL Core and SHACL-SPARQL. SHACL Core consists of a list of built-in constraints such as cardinality, range of values and many others. SHACL-SPARQL describes SPARQL-based constraints and an extension mechanism to declare new constraint components. Other non-standard ways to describe and validate RDF graphs include: The following example

1242-411: Is a URI, blank node or a Unicode string literal . As of RDF 1.1 resources are identified by Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs); IRI are a generalization of URI. In Semantic Web applications, and in relatively popular applications of RDF like RSS and FOAF (Friend of a Friend), resources tend to be represented by URIs that intentionally denote, and can be used to access, actual data on

1311-709: Is a major component in the W3C's Semantic Web activity: an evolutionary stage of the World Wide Web in which automated software can store, exchange, and use machine-readable information distributed throughout the Web, in turn enabling users to deal with the information with greater efficiency and certainty . RDF's simple data model and ability to model disparate, abstract concepts has also led to its increasing use in knowledge management applications unrelated to Semantic Web activity. A collection of RDF statements intrinsically represents

1380-438: Is a standard query language for RDF graphs. RDF Schema (RDFS), Web Ontology Language (OWL) and SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language) are ontology languages that are used to describe RDF data. The RDF data model is similar to classical conceptual modeling approaches (such as entity–relationship or class diagrams ). It is based on the idea of making statements about resources (in particular web resources) in expressions of

1449-595: Is an example of a SPARQL query to show country capitals in Africa, using a fictional ontology: Other non-standard ways to query RDF graphs include: SHACL Advanced Features specification (W3C Working Group Note), the most recent version of which is maintained by the SHACL Community Group defines support for SHACL Rules, used for data transformations, inferences and mappings of RDF based on SHACL shapes. The predominant language for describing and validating RDF graphs

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1518-578: Is optional and may be repeated. There is no prescribed order in Dublin Core for presenting or using the elements. The Dublin Core Element Set was a response to concern about accurate finding of resources on the Web, with some early assumptions that this would be a library function. In particular it anticipated a future in which scholarly materials would be searchable on the World Wide Web. Whereas HTML

1587-469: Is partially mapped to a URI space for use in RDF. The intent of publishing RDF-based ontologies on the Web is often to establish, or circumscribe, the intended meanings of the resource identifiers used to express data in RDF. For example, the URI: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/wine#Merlot is intended by its owners to refer to the class of all Merlot red wines by vintner (i.e., instances of

1656-812: Is published. Some services deliver RSS to an email inbox, sending updates from user's personal selection and schedules. Examples of such services include IFTTT , Zapier and others. Conversely, some services deliver email to RSS readers. Further services like e. g. Gmane allow to subscribe to feeds via NNTP . It may be noted that email clients such as Thunderbird supports RSS natively. Both RSS and Atom are widely supported and are compatible with all major consumer feed readers. RSS gained wider use because of early feed reader support. Technically, Atom has several advantages: less restrictive licensing, IANA -registered MIME type , XML namespace, URI support, RELAX NG support. The following table shows RSS elements alongside Atom elements where they are equivalent. Note:

1725-401: Is rather a URI reference , containing the '#' character and ending with a fragment identifier . The body of knowledge modeled by a collection of statements may be subjected to reification , in which each statement (that is each triple subject-predicate-object altogether) is assigned a URI and treated as a resource about which additional statements can be made, as in " Jane says that John

1794-521: Is some resource or literal. More statements about the original statement may also exist, depending on the application's needs. Borrowing from concepts available in logic (and as illustrated in graphical notations such as conceptual graphs and topic maps ), some RDF model implementations acknowledge that it is sometimes useful to group statements according to different criteria, called situations , contexts , or scopes , as discussed in articles by RDF specification co-editor Graham Klyne . For example,

1863-432: Is taken from the W3C website describing a resource with statements "there is a Person identified by http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me, whose name is Eric Miller, whose email address is e.miller123(at)example (changed for security purposes), and whose title is Dr." The resource "http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me" is the subject. The objects are: The subject is a URI. The predicates also have URIs. For example,

1932-777: Is the Open Source Metadata Framework (OMF) specification. OMF is in turn used by Rarian (superseding ScrollKeeper ), which is used by the GNOME desktop and KDE help browsers and the ScrollServer documentation server. PBCore is also based on Dublin Core. The Zope CMF's Metadata products, used by the Plone , ERP5 , the Nuxeo CPS Content management systems , SimpleDL , and Fedora Commons also implement Dublin Core. The EPUB e-book format uses Dublin Core metadata in

2001-431: Is the author of document X". Reification is sometimes important in order to deduce a level of confidence or degree of usefulness for each statement. In a reified RDF database, each original statement, being a resource, itself, most likely has at least three additional statements made about it: one to assert that its subject is some resource, one to assert that its predicate is some resource, and one to assert that its object

2070-542: Is to extend the basic XML schema established for more robust syndication of content. This inherently allows for more diverse, yet standardized, transactions without modifying the core RSS specification. To accomplish this extension, a tightly controlled vocabulary (in the RSS world, "module"; in the XML world, "schema") is declared through an XML namespace to give names to concepts and relationships between those concepts. Some RSS 2.0 modules with established namespaces are: Although

2139-482: Is used as a foundation for RDF Schema , where it is extended. Several common serialization formats are in use, including: RDF/XML is sometimes misleadingly called simply RDF because it was introduced among the other W3C specifications defining RDF and it was historically the first W3C standard RDF serialization format. However, it is important to distinguish the RDF/XML format from the abstract RDF model itself. Although

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2208-555: The DCMI Metadata Terms was created using a RDF data model. This expanded element set incorporates the original 15 elements and many of the qualifiers of the qualified Dublin Core as RDF properties. The full set of elements is found under the namespace http://purl.org/dc/terms/ . There is a separate namespace for the original 15 elements as previously defined: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ . The Dublin Core vocabulary published in 1999 consisted of 15 terms: The vocabulary

2277-659: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), as well as in the U.S. as ANSI/NISO Z39.85 by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO). Syntax choices for metadata expressed with the Dublin Core elements depend on context. Dublin Core concepts and semantics are designed to be syntax independent and apply to a variety of contexts, as long as the metadata is in a form suitable for interpretation by both machines and people. One Document Type Definition based on Dublin Core

2346-639: The Meta Content Framework . RDF Site Summary, the first version of RSS, was created by Dan Libby , Ramanathan V. Guha, and Eckart Walther at Netscape . It was released in March 1999 for use on the My.Netscape.Com portal. This version became known as RSS 0.9. In July 1999, Dan Libby of Netscape produced a new version, RSS 0.91, which simplified the format by removing RDF elements and incorporating elements from Dave Winer 's news syndication format. Libby also renamed

2415-725: The RSS Advisory Board with Brent Simmons and Jon Udell , a group whose purpose was to maintain and publish the specification and answer questions about the format. In September 2004, Stephen Horlander created the now ubiquitous RSS icon ( [REDACTED] ) for use in the Mozilla Firefox browser . In December 2005, the Microsoft Internet Explorer team and Microsoft Outlook team announced on their blogs that they were adopting Firefox's RSS icon. In February 2006, Opera Software followed suit. This effectively made

2484-598: The University of Michigan . In 1999, the W3C published the first recommended RDF specification, the Model and Syntax Specification ("RDF M&S"). This described RDF's data model and an XML serialization. Two persistent misunderstandings about RDF developed at this time: firstly, due to the MCF influence and the RDF "Resource Description" initialism, the idea that RDF was specifically for use in representing metadata; secondly that RDF

2553-456: The asterisk character (*) indicates that an element must be provided (Atom elements "author" and "link" are only required under certain conditions). Several major sites such as Facebook and Twitter previously offered RSS feeds but have reduced or removed support. Additionally, widely used readers such as Shiira , FeedDemon, and particularly Google Reader , have all been discontinued as of 2013, citing declining popularity in RSS. RSS support

2622-471: The Dublin Core Element Set allowed authors of web pages a vocabulary and method for creating simple metadata for their works. It provided a simple, flat element set that could be used Qualified Dublin Core was developed in the late 1990s to provide an extension mechanism to the vocabulary of 15 elements. This was a response to communities whose metadata needs required additional detail. In 2012,

2691-467: The RDF/XML format is still in use, other RDF serializations are now preferred by many RDF users, both because they are more human-friendly, and because some RDF graphs are not representable in RDF/XML due to restrictions on the syntax of XML QNames . With a little effort, virtually any arbitrary XML may also be interpreted as RDF using GRDDL (pronounced 'griddle'), Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages. RDF triples may be stored in

2760-645: The URI for each predicate: In addition, the subject has a type (with URI http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type), which is person (with URI http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#Person). Therefore, the following "subject, predicate, object" RDF triples can be expressed: In standard N-Triples format, this RDF can be written as: Equivalently, it can be written in standard Turtle (syntax) format as: Or, it can be written in RDF/XML format as: Certain concepts in RDF are taken from logic and linguistics , where subject-predicate and subject-predicate-object structures have meanings similar to, yet distinct from,

2829-559: The W3C's Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS), an early web content labelling system, but the project was also shaped by ideas from Dublin Core , and from the Meta Content Framework (MCF), which had been developed during 1995 to 1997 by Ramanathan V. Guha at Apple and Tim Bray at Netscape . A first public draft of RDF appeared in October 1997, issued by a W3C working group that included representatives from IBM , Microsoft , Netscape , Nokia , Reuters , SoftQuad , and

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2898-435: The World Wide Web. But RDF, in general, is not limited to the description of Internet-based resources. In fact, the URI that names a resource does not have to be dereferenceable at all. For example, a URI that begins with "http:" and is used as the subject of an RDF statement does not necessarily have to represent a resource that is accessible via HTTP , nor does it need to represent a tangible, network-accessible resource — such

2967-445: The above URI each represent the class of all wine produced by a single vintner), a definition which is expressed by the OWL ontology — itself an RDF document — in which it occurs. Without careful analysis of the definition, one might erroneously conclude that an instance of the above URI was something physical, instead of a type of wine. Note that this is not a 'bare' resource identifier, but

3036-489: The base 15: Qualified Dublin Core is often used with a "dot syntax", with a period separating the element and the qualifier(s). This is shown in this excerpted example provided by Chan and Hodges: Title: D-Lib Magazine Title.alternative: Digital Library Magazine Identifier.ISSN: 1082-9873 Publisher: Corporation for National Research Initiatives Publisher.place: Reston, VA. Subject.topical.LCSH: Digital libraries - Periodicals The DCMI Metadata Terms lists

3105-539: The board revised their version of the specification to confirm that namespaces may extend core elements with namespace attributes, as Microsoft has done in Internet Explorer 7. According to their view, a difference of interpretation left publishers unsure of whether this was permitted or forbidden. RSS is XML -formatted plain text. The RSS format itself is relatively easy to read both by automated processes and by humans alike. An example feed could have contents such as

3174-514: The color", and an object denoting "blue". Therefore, RDF uses subject instead of object (or entity ) in contrast to the typical approach of an entity–attribute–value model in object-oriented design : entity (sky), attribute (color), and value (blue). RDF is an abstract model with several serialization formats (being essentially specialized file formats ). In addition the particular encoding for resources or triples can vary from format to format. This mechanism for describing resources

3243-486: The company, also removing documentation and tools that supported the format. Two parties emerged to fill the void, with neither Netscape's help nor approval: The RSS-DEV Working Group and Dave Winer, whose UserLand Software had published some of the first publishing tools outside Netscape that could read and write RSS. Winer published a modified version of the RSS 0.91 specification on the UserLand website, covering how it

3312-474: The current set of the Dublin Core vocabulary. This set includes the fifteen terms of the DCMES (in italic ), as well as many of the qualified terms. Each term has a unique URI in the namespace http://purl.org/dc/terms , and all are defined as RDF properties. It also includes these RDF classes which are used as domains and ranges of some properties: Changes that are made to the Dublin Core standard are reviewed by

3381-703: The following versions: The RSS 2.* branch (initially UserLand, now Harvard) includes the following versions: Later versions in each branch are backward-compatible with earlier versions (aside from non-conformant RDF syntax in 0.90), and both versions include properly documented extension mechanisms using XML Namespaces, either directly (in the 2.* branch) or through RDF (in the 1.* branch). Most syndication software supports both branches. "The Myth of RSS Compatibility", an article written in 2004 by RSS critic and Atom advocate Mark Pilgrim , discusses RSS version compatibility issues in more detail. The extension mechanisms make it possible for each branch to copy innovations in

3450-431: The following: When retrieved, RSS reading software could use the XML structure to present a neat display to the end users. There are various news aggregator software for desktop and mobile devices, but RSS can also be built-in inside web browsers or email clients like Mozilla Thunderbird . There are several different versions of RSS, falling into two major branches (RDF and 2.*). The RDF (or RSS 1.*) branch includes

3519-401: The form subject – predicate – object , known as triples . The subject denotes the resource; the predicate denotes traits or aspects of the resource, and expresses a relationship between the subject and the object . For example, one way to represent the notion "The sky has the color blue" in RDF is as the triple: a subject denoting "the sky", a predicate denoting "has

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3588-480: The format from RDF to RSS Rich Site Summary and outlined further development of the format in a "futures document". This would be Netscape's last participation in RSS development for eight years. As RSS was being embraced by web publishers who wanted their feeds to be used on My.Netscape.Com and other early RSS portals, Netscape dropped RSS support from My.Netscape.Com in April 2001 during new owner AOL 's restructuring of

3657-507: The name RDF Site Summary from RSS 0.9, reintroduced support for RDF and added XML namespaces support, adopting elements from standard metadata vocabularies such as Dublin Core . In December 2000, Winer released RSS 0.92 a minor set of changes aside from the introduction of the enclosure element, which permitted audio files to be carried in RSS feeds and helped spark podcasting . He also released drafts of RSS 0.93 and RSS 0.94 that were subsequently withdrawn. In September 2002, Winer released

3726-465: The number of items in an RSS channel is theoretically unlimited, some news aggregators do not support RSS files larger than 150KB. For example, applications that rely on the Common Feed List of Windows might handle such files as if they were corrupt, and not open them. Interoperability can be maximized by keeping the file size under this limit. Podcasts are distributed using RSS. To listen to

3795-467: The orange square with white radio waves the industry standard for RSS and Atom feeds, replacing the large variety of icons and text that had been used previously to identify syndication data. In January 2006, Rogers Cadenhead relaunched the RSS Advisory Board without Dave Winer's participation, with a stated desire to continue the development of the RSS format and resolve ambiguities. In June 2007,

3864-411: The other. For example, the RSS 2.* branch was the first to support enclosures , making it the current leading choice for podcasting, and as of 2005 is the format supported for that use by iTunes and other podcasting software; however, an enclosure extension is now available for the RSS 1.* branch, mod_enclosure. Likewise, the RSS 2.* core specification does not support providing full-text in addition to

3933-630: The popularity from RSS to other formats having full namespace support.) Because neither Winer nor the RSS-DEV Working Group had Netscape's involvement, they could not make an official claim on the RSS name or format. This has fueled ongoing controversy in the syndication development community as to which entity was the proper publisher of RSS. One product of that contentious debate was the creation of an alternative syndication format, Atom, that began in June 2003. The Atom syndication format, whose creation

4002-428: The three main versions of RSS in current use are 0.91, 1.0, and 2.0, constituting 13%, 17%, and 67% of worldwide RSS usage, respectively. These figures, however, do not include usage of the rival web feed format Atom. As of August 2008, the syndic8.com website is indexing 546,069 total feeds, of which 86,496 (16%) were some dialect of Atom and 438,102 were some dialect of RSS. The primary objective of all RSS modules

4071-629: The uses of those terms in RDF. This example demonstrates: In the English language statement 'New York has the postal abbreviation NY' , 'New York' would be the subject, 'has the postal abbreviation' the predicate and 'NY' the object. Dublin Core The Dublin Core vocabulary , also known as the Dublin Core Metadata Terms ( DCMT ), is a general purpose metadata vocabulary for describing resources of any type. It

4140-709: Was an XML format rather than a data model, and only the RDF/XML serialisation being XML-based. RDF saw little take-up in this period, but there was significant work done in Bristol , around ILRT at Bristol University and HP Labs , and in Boston at MIT . RSS 1.0 and FOAF became exemplar applications for RDF in this period. The recommendation of 1999 was replaced in 2004 by a set of six specifications: "The RDF Primer", "RDF Concepts and Abstract", "RDF/XML Syntax Specification (revised)", "RDF Semantics", "RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0", and "The RDF Test Cases". This series

4209-524: Was being used in his company's products, and claimed copyright to the document. A few months later, UserLand filed a U.S. trademark registration for RSS, but failed to respond to a USPTO trademark examiner's request and the request was rejected in December 2001. The RSS-DEV Working Group, a project whose members included Aaron Swartz , Guha and representatives of O'Reilly Media and Moreover , produced RSS 1.0 in December 2000. This new version, which reclaimed

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4278-543: Was being used to mark-up the structure of documents, metadata was needed to mark-up the contents of documents. Given the great number of documents on, and soon to be on, the World Wide Web, it was proposed that "self-identifying" documents would be necessary. To this end, the Dublin Core Metadata Workshop met beginning in 1995 to develop a vocabulary that could be used to insert consistent metadata into Web documents. Originally defined as 15 metadata elements,

4347-465: Was commonly expressed in HTML 'meta' tagging in the "<head>" section of an HTML-encoded page. The vocabulary could be used in any metadata serialization including key/value pairs and XML. Subsequent to the specification of the original 15 elements, Qualified Dublin Core was developed to provide an extension mechanism to be used when the primary 15 terms were not sufficient. A set of common refinements

4416-548: Was first developed for describing web content in the early days of the World Wide Web. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative ( DCMI ) is responsible for maintaining the Dublin Core vocabulary. Initially developed as fifteen terms in 1998 the set of elements has grown over time and in 2008 was redefined as an Resource Description Framework (RDF) vocabulary. Designed with minimal constraints, each Dublin Core element

4485-450: Was in part motivated by a desire to get a clean start free of the issues surrounding RSS, has been adopted as IETF Proposed Standard RFC   4287 . In July 2003, Winer and UserLand Software assigned the copyright of the RSS 2.0 specification to Harvard's Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society , where he had just begun a term as a visiting fellow. At the same time, Winer launched

4554-502: Was provided in the documentation. These schemes include controlled vocabularies and formal notations or parsing rules. Qualified Dublin Core was not limited to these specific refinements, allowing communities to create extended metadata terms to meet their needs. The guiding principle for the qualification of Dublin Core elements, colloquially known as the Dumb-Down Principle , states that an application that does not understand

4623-787: Was removed in OS X Mountain Lion 's versions of Mail and Safari , although the features were partially restored in Safari 8. Mozilla removed RSS support from Mozilla Firefox version 64.0, joining Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge which do not include RSS support, thus leaving Internet Explorer as the last major browser to include RSS support by default. Since the late 2010s there has been an uptick in RSS interest again. In 2018, Wired published an article named "It's Time for an RSS Revival", citing that RSS gives more control over content compared to algorithms and trackers from social media sites. At that time, Feedly

4692-413: Was superseded in 2014 by the following six "RDF 1.1" documents: "RDF 1.1 Primer", "RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax", "RDF 1.1 XML Syntax", "RDF 1.1 Semantics", "RDF Schema 1.1", and "RDF 1.1 Test Cases". The vocabulary defined by the RDF specification is as follows: rdf:Statement , rdf:subject , rdf:predicate , rdf:object are used for reification (see below ). This vocabulary

4761-409: Was the most popular RSS reader. Chrome on Android has added the ability to follow RSS feeds as of 2021. Resource Description Framework RDF is a directed graph composed of triple statements. An RDF graph statement is represented by: (1) a node for the subject, (2) an arc from subject to object, representing a predicate, and (3) a node for the object. Each of these parts can be identified by

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