97-700: SERT can refer to: Teams [ edit ] Special Emergency Reaction Team, part of the Portland Police Bureau Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Team , an organizational unit in the United States Navy Special Emergency Response Team , a former tactical unit of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Special Emergency Response Team (Queensland) ,
194-437: A Remington 870 shotgun (fitted with a tactical flashlight in the foregrip). After completion of bureau courses, officers are also authorized to carry Colt AR-15 rifles and FN 40mm single shot less-lethal launchers. Special Emergency Reaction Team (SERT) officers are armed with a variety of additional weapons, including H&K MP5A3 submachine guns , and M4A1 rifles with EOTech holographic sights . The .45 Glock 21
291-504: A wrongful death lawsuit with the city for $ 1.2 million in February 2012. The Portland Police Association fought Frashour's termination, and he was ultimately reinstated after an arbitrator overturned the city's termination in March 2012. Frashour also received his lost wages. PPA president Daryl Turner said the firing had been politically motivated, and said 25 officers had stated the deadly force
388-509: A Nazi, then I'm Saddam Hussein". The city attorney's office tried to quash the Nazi details in a lawsuit, stating it violated Kruger's free-speech and privacy rights. In 2000, Kruger placed a shrine to Nazi soldiers on public park property at Rocky Butte . When Kruger's past was discovered during the 2003 lawsuits, Kruger removed the shrine. The shrine was stored in the city attorney's office by then-deputy Tracy Reeve, preventing their discovery during
485-570: A base-level XL trim and higher-range XLT trim. Sharing the features of the XLT, the outdoors-themed Eddie Bauer was the highest-range trim. The XL was distinguished by a black grille (chrome optional) with steel wheels, while the XLT offered a chrome grille and alloy wheels; the Eddie Bauer offered alloy wheels and two-tone paintwork. The three-door Explorer differed slightly, sharing the XL and Eddie Bauer trims with
582-489: A body increased over two inches in width), with front bucket seats and a split-folding rear bench.. Five-door Explorers were fitted with standard front bucket seats and a three-passenger split-folding rear bench seat. A front split-bench seat was offered as an option (dependent on trim), expanding seating to six passengers. The first-generation Explorer followed the rest of the Ford light truck line in trim nomenclature, marketing
679-506: A competent and valuable member of the Portland Police Bureau. Your skills and talents as a Critical Incident Commander and ability to connect with the community are outstanding. Kruger sued the city in 2013. The resulting 2014 settlement expunged his past disciplinary records and provided him a complimentary letter from police chief Mike Reese. Charlie Hales , (then the mayor and police commissioner), claimed to be unaware of terms of
776-526: A computer performance analysis tool See also [ edit ] Sert (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title SERT . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SERT&oldid=1141270232 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
873-431: A leaf-sprung live rear axle. The standard four-wheel ABS of the previous generation returned; the rear drum brakes were replaced by disc brakes. As with the first generation, rear-wheel drive remained standard with part-time four-wheel drive as an option; all-wheel drive became an option for the first time. The second generation Explorer carried over its 160 hp 4.0 L V6 from the previous generation (shared with
970-623: A limited-slip differential or open version; multiple rear-axle ratios could be specified. Four-wheel-drive front axles were the TTB (" Twin Traction Beam ") Dana 35 with some Dana 44-spec components; 4×2 models shared Twin I-Beam components with the Ranger. 160 hp (120 kW) (1993–1994) 4-speed automatic (Ford A4LD ) Optional: 2-speed manual transfer case Shifting into the midsize SUV size class,
1067-526: A luxury-trim version of the model line, offered only as a five-door. Slotted above the Eddie Bauer, the Limited was largely introduced as a direct competitor for the Oldsmobile Bravada and Jeep Grand Wagoneer . Distinguished by its monochromatic exterior (including a color-matched grille, headlamp trim, and bumpers), the Limited was also fitted with model-specific alloy wheels and lower bodywork. The trim
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#17328381999931164-476: A new discipline guide and allows for the expansion of the Portland Street Response team, which dispatches a mental health clinician and fire paramedic to crisis calls. From 1851 to 1870 Portland was policed by a marshal, sometimes elected and sometimes appointed, who usually served a two-year term. After 1861, the marshal was empowered to hire deputies, but they did not have permanent jobs until late in
1261-526: A pioneer in the field, served in the Women's Protective Division from 1947 to 1967. PPB's "Red Squad" was formed in the 1910s to fight a rise of communism, the labor movement, and other left-wing efforts. Its membership was documented to overlap with Oregon's branch of Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s and the pro-Nazi antisemitic Silver Shirts in the 1930s; Red Squad Captain Walter Odale was part of American Defenders,
1358-605: A policy to not use less-lethal force to disperse crowds. He also formed the Rapid Response Team designed for crowd control. During protests against a Bush visit in August 2002, police escalated the force used to disperse protesters, indiscriminately using batons, rubber bullets, and pepper spray. Children (including a 10 month old baby), independent police observers and a TV cameraperson (Beth English, KPTV) were deliberately sprayed from as little as one foot away from their face. This
1455-509: A reality in Portland in the absence of a fundamental change in the philosophy of the officials who formulate policy for the police bureau. In a 1968 City Club of Portland Report on Law Enforcement , PPB were described as having "the right to stop and frisk someone because his skin is black and he is in the black part of town." Albina , the majority-Black area of Portland, was deliberately neglected, as police and Mayor Terry Schrunk confirmed. This
1552-629: A resident wrote Mayor Neil Goldschmidt stating "It seems as if any time a police gets the urge to punch something, they snatch the first available black man they see, and use him to satisfy their savage egos." Four Black men were killed by the police in a six-month period of 1974–1975. In March 1981, PPB officers (Craig Ward, Jim Galloway) dropped dead possums in front of Burger Barn, a Black soul food restaurant owned by George Powe on MLK. Witnesses said there were seven officers and four patrol cars involved. Ward and Galloway said they did it to relieve stress, not out of racial motivation. After pressure from
1649-413: A reverse-sensing warning system. The rarely-specified 60/40 front bench seat was restricted to fleet vehicles after 1998 and was discontinued for 2000. For 1999, the front bumper underwent a second revision, adding a larger cooling inlet and standard fog lights. All three-door Explorers were now renamed Explorer Sport. For 2001, the three-door Explorer Sport underwent an additional revision, now sharing
1746-440: A rotary dash selector was used for driver input, selecting two-wheel drive (rear wheels), and four-wheel drive (high and low range). As an intermediate mode, "Auto" mode allowed software to control the torque sent to the front wheels; if the rear axle began to spin, torque was shifted from the rear wheels to the front wheels until traction is achieved. The manually operated hubs and manual transfer cases were discontinued. Similar to
1843-529: A separate trim nomenclature. While the XL remained the base model (largely for fleets), most examples were produced under a single Sport trim level (again equipped similarly to the XLT). For 1995, Ford replaced the 3-door Eddie Bauer with the Expedition trim; in anticipation of the full-size Ford Expedition SUV, the trim line was withdrawn for the 1996 model year. For 1999, all three-door Explorers became Explorer Sports;
1940-534: A similar roofline as its five-door counterpart, fitted with pop-out rear quarter windows (instead of roll-down windows) and a forward-sloping C-pillar. The interior of the Explorer was fitted largely with all-new trim (though carrying over the dashboard in its entirety from the Ranger/Bronco II), with model-specific door panels and seats. On three-door Explorers, four-passenger seating was carried over (though with
2037-651: A similar unit of the Los Angeles Police Department in 1983. Individuals tracked in the files included Bev Stein , Ron Herndon , Neil Goldschmidt , Vera Katz , Harl H. Haas Jr. , and Elizabeth Furse . When Harrington became chief in 1985, Falk shared intelligence files on city commissioners Mike Lindberg and Margaret Strachan. She said "I just blew up at [Falk]" and broke up the intelligence and vice divisions. She resigned as chief in June 1986. The files were analyzed by Portland Tribune in 2002 and given to
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#17328381999932134-577: A spinoff of the Silver Shirts. In one of Red Squad's "Weekly Report of Communist Activities", Odale stated Portland was the third-largest center of Nazi activity in the country. The Squad interrogated a student leader at Lincoln High School , and within days of this becoming public in 1937, the Red Squad was disbanded. Still, by 1940, the Silver Shirts were confident that police would side with their organization "if any trouble starts in Portland". By 1923 it
2231-542: A splinter group of black bloc rushed motorcycle police on the Steel Bridge. Police responded, pepperspraying the bloc and innocent bystanders. In 2011, three Portland police officers beat and tazed a citizen during a traffic stop. While denied by the officers, the episode was caught on a nearby security camera, showing him being repeatedly punched in the head and tazed four times in 30 seconds. A medic report stated "police on scene very reluctant to give any info how patient
2328-455: A third engine was added to the model line, as Ford introduced an overhead-cam version of the 4.0 L Cologne V6. Differing from its predecessor primarily by its single-overhead-cam drivetrain, the 210 hp engine rivaled the V8 in output. Introduced as standard equipment for Eddie Bauer and Limited trims, by 1998, the engine became offered on all non-XL trims. For 2001, the overhead-valve version of
2425-523: A time that PPB's officers focused on enforcement and patrol of people who could pay them under the table. Unattached women had arrived en masse for the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition . In 1915, the "Metropolitan Police Force" changed its name to the Bureau of Police. Four years later, the bureau became the first, in the United States, to use a police radio . Sybil Plumlee , also considered to be
2522-461: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Portland Police Bureau The Portland Police Bureau ( PPB ), officially the Portland Bureau of Police , is the law enforcement agency of the city of Portland , the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon . While oversight of Portland's bureaus shifts among the five City Commissioners ,
2619-547: Is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Since 1992, there have been several cases of suspects having died while in custody at the Multnomah County Detention Center. Oregon passed Prohibition laws in 1915. These were enacted in 1916, well ahead of the 18th Amendment . Mayor H. Russell Albee , embroiled in several unrelated controversies, ordered chief John Clark to visibly enforce
2716-608: Is still in use is the Chevrolet Tahoe . Traffic officers use BMW R1200RT motorcycles. All Portland police officers are armed with a 9mm Glock handgun, either the Glock 17 , or the Glock 19 . Plainclothes officers carry a Glock 26 . Most uniformed officers' handguns are equipped with SureFire or Streamlight tactical lights. Officers often carry a backup firearm that must conform to regulations regarding caliber and type. All Portland Police Bureau officers are authorized to carry
2813-650: The Black United Front and protests, Ward and Galloway were fired, though no other officers were punished. Stan Peters and the PPA protested the firings, organizing a "Cops Have Rights Too" rally, and demanding Charles Jordan, Portland's first Black city councilor and police commissioner. PPA hired Ward and Galloway to work for the union in the meantime; months later, the firing of the two was overturned in binding arbitration, which found Jordan failed to follow procedures. Marches and rallies were held, and Rev. C. T. Vivian came to
2910-561: The Ford Taurus station wagon, the rear liftgate was fitted with a flip-up rear window. As with the Bronco II, the first-generation Explorer (design code UN46) shares its chassis underpinnings with the 1983–1992 Ford Ranger . The three-door version uses a 102.1-inch wheelbase (8.1 inches longer than the Bronco II); the five-door uses a 111.9 wheelbase (17.9 inches longer). As with the Ranger,
3007-509: The Jeep Cherokee and Chevrolet S-10 Blazer . To better compete against both model lines, a five-door body style was included as part of the launch (introduced in the same month as the five-door S-10 Blazer) alongside the three-door wagon. The new, wider body of the five-door allowed for three-across rear seating. To optimize cargo space usage, the traditional swing-away spare tire carrier was deleted in favor of an underfloor location. Similar to
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3104-497: The Probasco Decree . It required the police to stop using "insulting, degrading or ethnically derogatory terms" towards citizens, banned the use of SAP gloves and leaded batons, and required a search warrant to enter a home. The Internal Affairs Division was created, though it was substantially ineffective, tossing out 90% of complaints in the first year, and nearly 93% of complaints in 1979. Police behavior did not change; in 1974,
3201-608: The mayor has historically been assigned to the Police Bureau as the police commissioner . The Bureau is the largest city law enforcement agency in Oregon. As of September 2024, the Bureau has around 800 sworn members, 35 cadets , and over 300 professional staff. The Portland Police Bureau divides Portland into three precincts , with each precinct divided into as many as 20 districts. The divisions are generally based on neighborhood association boundaries , but also take into account
3298-559: The 1860s. Thomas O'Connor, a deputy, became the first Portland officer to die while on duty in a shooting on August 21, 1867. The bureau, originally named the Portland Metropolitan Police Force, was established in 1870 by the Portland City Council. The Council appointed James Lappeus as its first chief of police, in charge of a force with six patrolmen and one lieutenant, at a time when the population of Portland
3395-582: The 4.0 L V6 was discontinued, with the SOHC engine becoming standard (and the only engine of the Explorer Sport). Following the introduction of the overhead-cam Triton-series V8s for the 1997 Ford F-Series and E-Series , the 2001 Explorer would be the final Ford Motor Company vehicle in North America sold with an overhead-valve gasoline-powered V8 engine for nearly two decades (until the 2020 introduction of
3492-548: The 7.3 L Godzilla V8 for Super Duty trucks). For 2000, Ford added flex-fuel capability to the Explorer for the first time. The flex-fuel SOHC V6 and chassis were mated to an aluminum body built by Utilimaster in the Ford-Utilimaster FFV , a delivery vehicle built for the United States Postal Service in 2000 and 2001. A Mazda-produced 5-speed manual was standard with the 4.0 L OHV V6 engine;
3589-548: The ACLU, Black United Front, Bicycle Repair Collective, and the People's Food co-op. The Intelligence Division had approximately six officers who would gather intelligence and news clippings on organizations and individuals related to them. The paperwork was against city policy, and in 1981 it became against state law (181.575). Some reports were filed even after 1981. Most of the reports focused on left-leaning organizations. Winfield Falk took
3686-556: The Blue Oval to the top of the grille). Alongside the introduction of the five-door body style, the body was styled with multiple aerodynamic upgrades over its predecessor, including its own door stampings to eliminate exterior drip rails and bracket-mount sideview mirrors (replaced by ones integrated into the doors). In what would become a design feature of the model line, the B-pillar and D-pillars were blacked out. The three-door body shared
3783-479: The City of Portland Archives (PARC) in 2004. During an ethnographic study using document theory , researcher Kathy Carbone created an object biography on the files as a whole, noting the concept of "imagined-but-unavailable records" led many to experience strong emotions. Further, the files became recontextualized over time. In 2000, a large protest occurred on May Day. Following that, police chief Mark Kroeker issued
3880-686: The Explorer as the Lincoln Aviator . For the North American market, the first four generations of the Explorer were produced by Ford at its Louisville Assembly Plant ( Louisville, Kentucky ) and at its now-closed St. Louis Assembly Plant ( Hazelwood, Missouri ); Ford currently assembles the Explorer with the Lincoln Aviator and the Police Interceptor Utility at its Chicago Assembly Plant ( Chicago, Illinois ). The Ford Explorer
3977-460: The Explorer became the best-selling SUV of all time in the American market. Currently in its sixth generation, the Explorer has been offered with a five-door wagon bodystyle since its 1991 introduction. For its first two generations, the model line was also offered as a three-door wagon (directly replacing the Bronco II). The Ford Explorer Sport Trac is a crew-cab mid-size pickup derived from
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4074-459: The Explorer ended its direct model commonality with the Ford Ranger in favor of a purpose-built SUV design. Following a decline in demand for three-door SUVs, Ford developed the third-generation Explorer solely as a five-door wagon; the three-door Explorer Sport from the second generation continued production through the 2003 model year. The primary objective behind the development of the model line
4171-479: The Explorer. Following the success of the first generation, the redesign of the exterior was largely evolutionary, with the model line receiving front bodywork distinct from the Ranger. Rear-wheel drive remained standard, with part-time four-wheel drive offered as an option, and all-wheel drive was introduced as an option. To better compete against the Jeep Grand Cherokee , a 4.9 liters (302 cu in) V8
4268-701: The Marine Corps, and was buried with military honors at Willamette National Cemetery . After scrutiny over Officer Gary Barbour's chokehold, on the day of his funeral, officers sold "don't choke 'em, smoke 'em" t-shirts from a police precinct (Kelly Penumbra building, 47th and E Burnside) and the Portland Police Association 's bar, the Portland Police Athletic Association . Two officers, Richard Montee and Paul Wickersham, were fired by Mayor Bud Clark , but later reinstated. A month after
4365-480: The Portland Police Association union. The union also represents 911 call takers and dispatchers, who work for the Bureau of Emergency Communication. On July 1, 2020, the city and the PPA renewed its annual contract, with an agreement to permit a newly formed Portland Street Response team, promoted by Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty , for emergency situations that don't require firearms, and an agreement on
4462-480: The Ranger and Aerostar). For 1996, largely to match the V8 engine offerings of the Jeep Grand Cherokee and Land Rover Discovery , a 210 hp (157 kW) 4.9 L (302 cu in) V8 (marketed as 5.0 L) was introduced as an option for rear-wheel drive XLT five-doors. By 1997, the V8 was offered with nearly all trims (except XL ) and was paired with all-wheel drive; output was increased to 215 hp (160 kW) (from revised cylinder heads). For 1997,
4559-592: The SOHC V6 was not offered with a manual transmission until 2000, receiving a heavier-duty version of the Mazda-sourced 5-speed. The V6 Explorers initially received a 4-speed automatic, shared with the Ranger and Aerostar, adopting a 5-speed automatic for 1997. The 4.9 litres (302 cu in) V8 was paired only with a 4-speed heavy-duty automatic (shared with the F-150, Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis, and Lincoln Mark VIII). For
4656-535: The UN46 Explorer has a Twin I-Beam (4×2) or Twin-Traction Beam (4×4) coil-sprung front independent suspension and a leaf-sprung solid rear axle. Brakes are discs in the front and drums in the rear, with anti-lock (ABS) on the rear only. The first-generation Explorer was equipped with a 4.0 L Cologne V6, an optional engine for the Ranger and the Ford Aerostar . Initially producing 155 hp (116 kW),
4753-459: The United States, the second-generation Ford Explorer has the (dubious) distinction of being two of the top five vehicles traded-in under the 2009 " Cash for Clunkers " program, with the 4WD model topping the list and the 2WD model coming in at number 4. The third-generation Ford Explorer went on sale in January 2001 for the 2002 model year. Undergoing the first complete redesign since its introduction,
4850-467: The city to organize anti-Klan efforts, believing the possums represented a "Klan mentality" in the department and the ruling would lead to further attacks. In 1985, Penny Harrington became Portland's first female chief of police, and the first to head a major U.S. police department. Also in 1985, PPB killed a Black veteran, Lloyd Stevenson, by placing him in a chokehold. Stevenson had served in Vietnam for
4947-501: The delay of cost-of-living adjustment due to city budget issues related to COVID-19. This contract was extended against a backdrop of continuing George Floyd protests , some of them at PPA headquarters. On February 24, 2022, the City and the PPA signed a new collective bargaining agreement that will expire on June 30, 2026. Members will see between a 14% to 25% pay increase, not including $ 7,000 in retention bonuses and bilingual incentive pay, in this contract. The agreement also contains
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#17328381999935044-459: The engine output was raised to 160 hp (119 kW) for 1993. A Mazda M5OD 5-speed manual was the standard transmission offering, with the option of the Ford 4-speed A4LD overdrive automatic transmission. Along with the standard rear-wheel drive powertrain, at its launch, the Explorer was also offered with two configurations of part-time four-wheel drive, using a Borg Warner 13–54 transfer case. The "Touch Drive" electric-shift transfer case
5141-463: The fenders. In contrast to the front fascia, the rear body saw relatively few changes, receiving mildly restyled taillamps (with amber turn signals). In a functional change, the Explorer received a neon CHMSL (center brake light), adopted from the Lincoln Mark VIII. While again directly sharing its dashboard with the Ranger, the interior of the Explorer underwent a complete redesign (allowing for
5238-439: The first-generation Explorer is far larger than the Bronco II. The three-door Explorer grew 12.6 inches in length, with the five-door Explorer 22.4 inches longer and 730 pounds heavier than the 1990 Bronco II. As with the outgoing Bronco II, the Explorer shared many design elements with the 1989-1992 Ranger, adopting its front bumper, headlamps, and wheels; the grille was sourced from the off-road oriented Ranger STX (moving
5335-421: The fitment of dual airbags). To improve driver ergonomics, the instrument panel received larger gauges, rotary-style climate controls, and a double-DIN radio panel. For 1997, export-market Explorers received a third-row seat as an option (expanding seating to seven passengers). For 1998, Ford gave the exterior of the model line a mid-cycle revision. Distinguished by body-color rear D-pillars and larger taillamps,
5432-503: The five-door Explorer. Following the introduction of the third-generation Explorer for 2002, the three-door used the second-generation body style through the 2003 model year. The second-generation Ford Explorer is based upon the Ford U1 platform shared with its predecessor, adopting the UN105/UN150 model codes. Introducing key chassis upgrades that were also shared with the 1998 Ford Ranger ,
5529-675: The five-door. In place of the XLT trim, the Explorer Sport was offered, distinguished by its black lower bodywork, grille, and standard alloy wheels. From 1991 to 1994, the Explorer Sport was marketed by Mazda as the Mazda Navajo (see below); the 1991 Mazda Navajo became the first SUV to win the Motor Trend Truck of the Year award. For 1993, Ford introduced the Explorer Limited as
5626-470: The front fascia and interior with the newly introduced Explorer Sport Trac pickup truck. For 2002, the five-door body style would be replaced by an all new Explorer, with only the three-door Explorer Sport and Sport Trac maintaining the second-generation architecture. Styling changes for the Sport are minimal, with the rear wiper moving from the tailgate assembly to being built into the rear window. At its launch,
5723-564: The investigation. The accusations have prompted a Copwatch program in Portland. In neither the Chasse nor the James interactions were the Portland Police Bureau, nor any sworn officer, found guilty of criminal wrongdoing. In January 2010, PPB shot and killed Aaron Campbell, a black man, in what Jesse Jackson called an execution. Campbell was suicidal and was known to own a gun. During a welfare check , Campbell had been responding to officer commands and
5820-565: The killing, when a grand jury decided to not prosecute the officers, PPA president Stan Peters said people shouldn't "dwell on the past", stating community relations would improve once those angry with the police moved on. He had previously called Black leaders "opportunists" and "vultures" over the Stevenson killing reaction. The headquarters of the Portland Police Bureau was in the Portland Police Block until 1984. The 1912 building
5917-409: The lawsuits. Kruger remained on the force and was promoted to captain in 2009. Kruger admitted to wearing Nazi uniforms, explaining that he was a history buff, but denied ever engaging in racist activities or holding Nazi beliefs. In 2010, the shrine's existence was discovered in an internal affairs investigation ordered by commissioner Dan Saltzman. Kruger was disciplined and suspended for two weeks, but
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#17328381999936014-424: The long-running Twin I-Beam / Twin Traction Beam front suspension was retired in favor of a short/long-arm (SLA) wishbone front suspension configuration in order to accommodate larger engines. Along with more compact packaging of front suspension components (allowing for a lower hoodline), the design allowed for improved on-road handling/feel. In line with the Ranger and F-Series trucks, the rear suspension remained
6111-499: The model was produced alongside the third-generation Explorer through the 2003 model year. Outside of North America, this generation of the Explorer was marketed in right-hand drive configurations. As of 2018, RHD countries (such as Japan) export used examples of the Explorer to other countries (such as Australia and New Zealand) where there is demand for right-hand drive SUVs. Due to Japan's strict Shaken Laws , used vehicles tend to have low mileage with detailed repair histories. In
6208-563: The number of police calls generated in each district. The district serves as the basic unit of territory within the bureau, and most districts are assigned between one and two patrol officers . As such, busier districts are geographically smaller and slower districts are larger. The infrastructure of each precinct is essentially the same, though the number of officers in each precinct is adjusted continually through transfers, new hires and attrition. The PPB primarily uses Ford Explorers for their marked vehicles. An older marked vehicle that
6305-657: The pattern for prohibition enforcement in Portland: with the priority being enforcement of the dry laws against minorities and immigrants. Portland's liquor from Prohibition through the 1950s was supplied through a loose ring of Pullman porters . A 1917 raid on Portland's Golden West Hotel , the a hotspot for Portland's Black population and the porters, was a very public event even if no charges were successful. George Luis Baker became mayor in June 1917; he and PPB chief Leon Jenkins took control of liquor distribution (through bootlegging ) and kept speakeasies open. Confiscated liquor
6402-462: The previous generation, nearly the entire body underwent a change, with only the roof and the side door stampings carried over. Coinciding with the lower hoodline allowed by the redesigned front suspension, much of the body was distinguished by a restyled front fascia, introducing a styling theme used by several other Ford light trucks during the late 1990s. The Ford Blue Oval was centered in a now-oval grille, joined by oval headlamp clusters wrapping into
6499-609: The process; Hendricks announced his retirement when the review was opened. In July 2013, Kruger received a "We Are Portland" award from the Portland Office of Equity and Human Rights (EHR). The director of EHR asked Kruger to not attend the public ceremony and to instead receive the award later; the director apologized for this, recognizing Kruger's "current work and dedication to our city's immigrant and refugee community". The EHR said they weren't aware of investigations into Kruger. I am writing to affirm that I consider you to be
6596-440: The prohibition laws. Clark created a "morals squad" in 1916 with Lt. Leo A. Harms as its leader. The raids and arrests focused on the consumers and low-level suppliers, making little impact. Even when an individual appeared in front of a jury trial, the jury would decline to find the person guilty. In at least two cases the jury drank the evidence (liquor) then acquitted the accused for lack of evidence. The Golden West raid... set
6693-430: The rear license plate was relocated from the rear bumper to the liftgate (to better accommodate export); the neon CHMSL was replaced by an LED version. In another change, 16-inch wheels were introduced. The interior received redesigned front and rear seats; alongside second-generation dual airbags, side airbags were introduced (as an option). Other options included load-leveling air suspension (on Eddie Bauer and Limited) and
6790-493: The records home sometime between 1981 and 1985, then moved them to a barn in eastern Washington. Falk died in 1987, and Portland Tribune 's Phil Stanford chased leads until he found and acquired the files in 2002 or prior. Stanford "was devastated" because they weren't of use to him, so he gave them to the Tribune. Winfield Falk was a member of the right-wing John Birch Society , which had been involved with intelligence gathering in
6887-403: The second-generation Explorer, the four-wheel drive system underwent a redesign. The previous Touch-Drive system (electrically operated) was retired and replaced by ControlTrac, an electronically controlled full-time four-wheel drive system with a two-speed transfer case; in place of a center differential, software-controlled multi-disc clutch. Similar to the previous push-button Touch-Drive system,
6984-813: The second-generation Explorer. The fifth and sixth generations of the Explorer have been produced as the Ford Police Interceptor Utility (replacing both the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor and the Ford Police Interceptor Sedan ). Within the current Ford SUV range in North America, the Explorer is slotted between the Ford Edge and Ford Expedition . The model line has undergone rebranding several times, with Mazda, Mercury, and Lincoln each selling different versions. As of current production, Lincoln markets
7081-465: The second-generation Ford Explorer retained the use of the previous trim nomenclature; the standard trim was the XL, with the XLT serving as the primary model upgrade. Along with the two-tone Eddie Bauer trim, the highest trim Explorer was the monochromatic Ford Explorer Limited. For 2000, XLS replaced XL as the base trim (introduced as an appearance package for 1999). In contrast to five-door Explorers, second-generation three-door Ford Explorers shifted to
7178-477: The settlement, despite signing it. Amid outrage, Hales apologized when the details were made public. Commissioner Novick called it outrageous and "an insult to anyone of Jewish or Russian or Polish descent." In several high-profile cases, including the James Chasse, Jr. and Kendra James incidents, the Portland Police Bureau has been accused of engaging in the abuse of force and then covering up
7275-561: The system used on the Aerostar van, the V8 Explorer used a full-time all-wheel drive system without separate high or low ranges. The all-wheel drive's torque distribution was via a viscous clutch with a 40/60 split. 4-speed automatic (Ford 4R55E ); 1995–1996 5-speed automatic (Ford 5R55E ); 1997–2000 5-speed automatic (Ford 5R55E ) Borg Warner 13-54 Electric Shift; 2001–2003 Explorer Sport While bearing an evolutionary resemblance to
7372-648: The tactical unit of the Queensland Police Service in Australia Special Emergency Response Team, a unit of the Pennsylvania State Police Other uses [ edit ] Serotonin transporter , a protein that transports serotonin from the synaptic cleft back to the presynaptic neuron Space Electric Rocket Test or SERT-1, a probe used by NASA to test ion thruster design Server Efficiency Rating Tool ,
7469-485: The time", calling the police "plantation overseers". These frustrations caused a peaceful rally to turn into an unprompted riot at Irving Park in 1967. After this, the Intelligence Unit collected information on any vocal activists and their friends, then harassed individuals "until they found a charge that would stick". A 1969 class action lawsuit on behalf of 20,000 Black Portlanders led to the 1971 settlement called
7566-512: Was counter to the RRT training and the Kroeker policy. The assistant chief, Greg Clark, put responsibility of the children being pepper sprayed on the parents; complaints were filed with the Bureau but they said no inappropriate behavior had occurred. Mayor Vera Katz , however, began to make changes on how crowd dispersal is handled. Protesters and police both escalated tactics in 2002–2003; in March 2003,
7663-439: Was disappointed by the reinstatement. Ford Explorer The Ford Explorer is a range of SUVs manufactured by Ford Motor Company since the 1991 model year. The first five-door SUV produced by Ford, the Explorer was introduced as a replacement for the three-door Bronco II . As with the Ford Ranger, the model line derives its name from a trim package previously offered on Ford F-Series pickup trucks. As of 2020,
7760-686: Was estimated over half of the PPB were also members of the Klan. In 1964, Black Albina resident Cleotis Rhodes was shot during a traffic stop, which led to his death. The use-of-force guidelines were amended by the new police chief to note firearms should only be used related to felonies. The Mayor and the Chief of Police have indicated that in their opinions the Kerner Report is not applicable to Portland. Satisfactory police-citizen relations are not likely to be achieved as
7857-412: Was facing away from them with his hands on his head. When officers felt he was not responding to their commands, an officer (Lewton) shot him with a beanbag round; Campbell then lowered his hands and began to run away. Lewton then shot him with five more beanbag rounds and a K-9 unit released their German Shepherd. Officer Ronald Frashour then shot Campbell in the back with his AR-15, as Frashour believed he
7954-413: Was fitted with nearly every feature available to the model line (the only options offered for the Explorer Limited were a sunroof, compact disc player, and the towing package ), also serving as the introduction of several features offered as options on other trims for 1994, including an anti-theft system, keyless entry, and automatic headlights. For the 1995 model year, Ford released a second generation of
8051-427: Was injured". In 2014 his civil suit by jury trial concluded, with the jury awarding him $ 562,000. Greg Kafoury, a lawyer for the citizen, stated "The Portland police are a law unto themselves. These officers will not be disciplined. ...In the past 50 years, no Portland police officer has ever lost their job for physically abusing a citizen." The officers were cleared through an internal investigation. Sgt. Mark Kruger
8148-489: Was intensified by the ghettoization (through redlining and other means), concentrating Portland's Black population in Albina. Portland police were disproportionately white (1% were Black) even compared to the low percentage of Blacks in Portland (7%). Attitudes were reflected in a 1966 survey, where 86% of officers thought the civil rights movement was happening "moving too fast". Youth in the Albina neighborhood felt "watched all
8245-601: Was introduced as an optional engine. The Explorer went from lacking airbags to having dual airbags (a first for an American-brand SUV). The Lincoln-Mercury division introduced its first SUV for the 1997 model year, the Mercury Mountaineer . In contrast to the Mazda Navajo, the Mountaineer was sold only as a five-door. For 2001, Ford introduced the Ford Explorer Sport Trac mid-size crew-cab pickup truck based on
8342-429: Was introduced in March 1990 as an early 1991 model to replace the Bronco II. As Ford sought to balance off-road capability with family use of the vehicle, the Explorer underwent extensive design changes from its predecessor, though still retaining commonality with the Ranger pickup truck. Growing from the compact Bronco II (similar in size to its 1960s namesake), the Explorer was a mid-size SUV, competing directly against
8439-588: Was less than 9,000. The first member of the Metropolitan Police Force to die in the line of duty was Officer Charles F. Schoppe, who was shot to death on June 13, 1874, while trying to disarm a drunken saloon patron. On April 1, 1908, the bureau became the first in the United States to hire a female police officer, Lola Baldwin , who became the Superintendent of its newly established Women's Protective Division, especially noted for helping women during
8536-578: Was not demoted or fired. Kruger continued to state that he was a history buff, not a Nazi. He remained on the force until his retirement. In a May 2013 investigation of Kruger, assistant police chief Eric Hendricks discouraged Kruger from appearing before the Performance Review Board to defend himself in a retaliation case. Hendricks was also in charge of internal affairs and police professional standards. A review found that Hendricks didn't violate any rule, but that his actions were contrary to
8633-507: Was not reasonably necessary, that Frashour's rigid thought process saw all of Campbell's reactions in the worst light, and that Frashour evaluated the situation as a sniper. Lewton and two other officers received an 80-hour (two week) suspension. A grand jury was convened by the Multnomah County District Attorney (a standard practice); the grand jury declined to indict any of the officers. Campbell's family settled
8730-525: Was once included in the list of handguns that could be used as a service pistol. However, after two incidents in which Glock 21s exploded in the hands of officers at a shooting range, the Bureau abandoned the Glock 21. All uniformed officers carry pepper spray , the ASP expandable baton and a Taser . Portland Police Bureau has a LRAD "sound cannon". Most of the bureau's rank-and-file employees are represented by
8827-458: Was reaching for a gun and would be behind cover. After several internal reviews, Police Chief Michael Reese terminated Frashour in November 2010, indicating he had acted in poor judgement, that Campbell was instinctively responding to pain from the beanbag, was only displaying passive resistance, and had not put officers or the community in immediate threat. Based on that Reese believed the use of force
8924-409: Was reasonable during Frashour's arbitration. William Lewinski , an expert witness and police shooting advocate, also defended Frashour, stating Campbell could have grabbed his gun, turned around, and fired at an officer faster than Frashour could have reacted with his AR-15 at the ready. This action-reaction theory was called the "Superman theory" by Portland Copwatch 's Dan Handelman. Mayor Sam Adams
9021-496: Was revealed to have pepper sprayed Beth English, the KPTV cameraperson, in the 2002 protest. After documented aggression against English and another woman the following year, friends began to speak out against him, stating he had been collecting Nazi memorabilia in the early 1980s and that they would drive through the city, yelling racist and homophobic statements at people. The PPB defended Kruger. PPB spokesperson Brian Schmautz said "If he's
9118-445: Was standard (shared with the Ranger and the previous Bronco II); it allowed the vehicle to be shifted from two-wheel drive into high-range 4x4 drive (at any speed) and into low-range 4×4 (when stopped). As an option, the Explorer was also offered with a manual-shift transfer case (the option was paired with manual-locking hubs). All Explorers were equipped with the Ford 8.8 axle in either
9215-455: Was stored in PPB's Central Precinct basement. Several officers on the morals and motorcycle squads were involved in the smuggling. The motorcycle squad operated under Captain Frank Ervin, handling chief Jenkins' "dirty work" such as anti-union work and alcohol distribution. Jim Purcell, later chief detective and police chief, was clearly linked with mobster Jim Elkins and described later as "He
9312-553: Was to make the Explorer more competitive in both domestic and export markets. Along with tuning the vehicle for higher-speed European driving, Ford also benchmarked the model line against the Lexus RX 300 and the (then-in-development) Volkswagen Touareg . The Lincoln-Mercury division marketed the third-generation Explorer, with Mercury introducing a second generation of the Mercury Mountaineer; Lincoln offered its first version of
9409-473: Was very good at derailing investigations and covering up murders. Jim Elkins... paid Purcell well for his services." A wild Oregon Auto Dealers convention at the Multnomah Hotel led to a raid in 1918, yet no arrests for drinking were made. In the 1950s through the 1980s, PPB's Intelligence Division, the effective successor to the Red Squad, kept files on hundreds of Portland organizations, ranging from
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