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32-602: PPA may refer to: Biology and medicine [ edit ] Palpatio per anum , a rectal examination Parahippocampal place area , in the brain Phenylpropanolamine , a largely discontinued decongestant drug Primary progressive aphasia , a neurological condition affecting language Politics, government, and military [ edit ] Public Policy and Administration , an academic journal on public administration, often abbreviated as PPA Paraguayan People's Army ,

64-488: A British charitable organisation Laws [ edit ] Pension Protection Act of 2006 , United States Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 , United States Public Procurement Act (Switzerland) Mathematics [ edit ] Point pattern analysis , in geometry PPA (complexity) , a class of computational search problems Sports [ edit ] Professional Pickleball Association Professional Putters Association Poker Players Alliance ,

96-789: A PPA from the utility company Iberdrola in Mexico for 220 MW of new wind power capacity. Recently, a new form of PPA was proposed to commercialize electric vehicle charging stations through a bi-lateral form of power purchase agreement. Additionally, an innovative evolution of the PPA, the MESA ("Matched Energy Supply Agreement") has been introduced in Australia based on time matching technology which enables clean energy to be readily used by organisations without direct access to renewable energy sources. The European Federation of Energy Traders (EFET) has released

128-438: A PPA. Prices may be flat, escalate over time, or be negotiated in any other way as long as both parties agree to the negotiation. In a regulated environment, an Electricity Regulator will regulate the price. A PPA will often specify how much energy the supplier is expected to produce each year and any excess energy produced will have a negative impact on the sales rate of electricity that the buyer will be purchasing. This system

160-448: A USA advocacy/lobbying group Technology and science [ edit ] Pay-per-action Personal Package Archive , an Ubuntu Linux software repository for managing source packages Polyphthalamide , semi-crystalline high-temperature plastic in the Nylon family Power purchase agreement , a contract for the purchase of electrical energy Polyphosphoric acid PPa, symbol for

192-441: A generation project is the responsibility of the seller. This includes regular inspection and repair, if necessary, to ensure prudent practices. Liquidated damages will be applied if the seller fails to meet these circumstances. Typically, the seller is also responsible for installing and maintaining a meter to determine the quantity of output that will be sold. Under this circumstance, the seller must also provide real-time data at

224-576: A group considered a terrorist organization by the Paraguayan state Parti du Peuple Algerien , an Algerian political party Philadelphia Parking Authority , a parking agency in Pennsylvania, United States Philippine Ports Authority Progressive Peoples Alliance , a political party in Nigeria People's Party of Arunachal , an Indian regional political party Popski's Private Army ,

256-443: A pre-defined amount of electricity or for a pre-defined portion of whatever quantity of electricity the seller generates. In either case, the price can be a fixed amount per kilowatt-hour or fluctuating market rates , depending on the specific terms of the contract. In the case of distributed generation (where the generator is located on a building site and energy is sold to the building occupant), commercial PPAs have evolved as

288-613: A small World War II Special Forces unit of the British 8th Army Businesses and organizations [ edit ] Businesses [ edit ] Palau Pacific Airways , a defunct charter airline Piraeus Port Authority , Greece Professional and trade associations [ edit ] Pakistan Pharmacists Association Professional Photographers of America Professional Publishers Association Pictorial Photographers of America, founded by Clarence Hudson White with several others in 1916 Pre-School Playgroups Association ,

320-431: A variant that enables businesses, schools, and governments to purchase electricity directly from the generator rather than from the utility. This approach facilitates the financing of distributed generation assets such as photovoltaic, micro-turbines, reciprocating engines, and fuel cells. More than 137 firms in 32 countries reported the signing of power purchase agreements in 2021. In Australia, onsite PPAs typically take

352-485: Is a long-term contract between an electricity generator and a customer, usually an utility , government or company. PPAs may last anywhere between 5 and 20 years, during which time the power purchaser buys energy at a pre-negotiated price. Such agreements play a key role in the financing of independently owned (i.e. not owned by a utility ) electricity generators, especially producers of renewable energy like solar farms or wind farms . PPAs contracts can either be for

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384-406: Is a relatively simple medical procedure. The patient undresses and is then placed in a position where the anus is accessible (lying on the side, squatting on the examination table, bent over it, or lying down with feet in stirrups). If the patient is lying on their side, the physician will usually have them bring one or both legs up to their chest. If the patient bends over the examination table or

416-483: Is also a common procedure in cattle, and is one method of diagnosing pregnancy in both the horse and the cow. The procedure in dogs and cats is similar to humans. For the horse, the patient stands in a stock and may be sedated. The examiner puts on a long glove that extends to the shoulder. The examiner inserts the hand and arm into the rectum as far as necessary. Power purchase agreement A power purchase agreement ( PPA ), or electricity power agreement ,

448-507: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Palpatio per anum Prior to a 2018 report from the United States Preventive Services Task Force , a digital exam was a common component of annual exams for older men, as it was thought to be a reliable screening test for prostate cancer . This examination may be used: The digital rectal examination

480-586: Is intended to provide an incentive for the seller to properly estimate the amount of energy that will be produced in a given period of time. The buyer will typically require the seller to guarantee that the project will meet certain performance standards. If the electricity output fails to meet that specified by the PPA, the seller is responsible for retributing such costs. Other guarantees may include availability guarantees and power-curve guarantees. These are more applicable in regions where energy sources, such as some types of renewable energy , are more volatile. In

512-451: Is typically a utility or a company that purchases the electricity to meet its customers' needs. In the case of distributed generation involving a commercial PPA variant, the buyer may be the occupant of the building—a business, school, or government for example. Electricity traders may also enter into PPA with the Seller. The sale of electricity under a PPA can occur at various physical points of

544-475: Is useful in dogs for analysis of the prostate (as in men), pelvic urethra , sublumbar lymph nodes , and anal glands . In horses it is a vital component of the clinical examination for colic , to determine the presence or absence of bowel torsion, impaction , or displacement. When horses undergo a rectal examination there is a small risk of a rectal tear occurring, which can be a life-threatening event, rapidly leading to peritonitis and septic shock . It

576-399: The electrical grid . This is usually pre-defined by the contract. A common approach is to sell the electricity directly where the generator connects to the grid (a so-called "busbar" sale). In this type of transaction, the buyer is responsible for transmission of the energy from the seller. Alternatively, the PPA can distinguish another delivery point agreed upon by both parties, in which case

608-565: The European Union, where it has been utilized to fund about 9 GW of output, headed by significant contracts in Spain and Scandinavia. The German Energy Agency ( Deutsche Energie-Agentur ) has argued that PPAs are central to the German energiewende and require better regulatory support. Power purchase agreements (PPAs) may be appropriate where: The PPA is often regarded as the central document in

640-482: The PPA provider to raise non-recourse financing from a bank or other financing counterparty. Funding for PPAs comes from various sources depending on the location, companies involved and available sources. Non-profit as well as for-profit PPA funders operate - for example, in Australia, PPA pioneers Smart Commercial Solar fund their commercial PPAs largely via the not-for-profit community investment vehicle, Clear Skies Solar Investment . Maintenance and operation of

672-792: The UK, PPAs are regulated by the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). In the United States, PPAs are typically subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). FERC determines which facilities are applicable for PPAs under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 . PPAs facilitate the financing of distributed generation assets such as photovoltaic, microturbines, reciprocating engines, and fuel cells. PPAs are typically subject to regulation at

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704-507: The back of a chair, the physician will have them place their elbows on the table and squat down slightly. If the patient uses the supine position, the physician will ask the patient to slide down to the end of the examination table until their buttocks are positioned just beyond the end and then place their feet in the stirrups. The physician spreads the buttocks apart and will usually examine the external area (anus and perineum) for any abnormalities such as hemorrhoids , lumps, or rashes. Then, as

736-410: The development of independent electricity generating assets (power plants). Because it defines the revenue terms for the project and credit quality, it is key to obtaining non-recourse project financing. One of the key benefits of the PPA is that by clearly defining the output of the generating assets (such as a solar electric system) and the credit of its associated revenue streams, a PPA can be used by

768-427: The form of rooftop solar on commercial premises which is designed and built by a solar EPC who then manage and maintain the asset, selling the energy back to the business customer for the life of the agreement. Under a PPA, the seller is the entity that owns the project. In most cases, the seller is organized as a special purpose entity whose main purpose is to facilitate non-recourse project financing . The buyer

800-768: The movie Fletch , with M. Emmet Walsh as the general practitioner and Chevy Chase as the patient being examined. Similar activities to the rectal exam are attributed to extraterrestrials in video games such as Saints Row IV , Gaia Online and Destroy All Humans! . The practice of rectal exams without prior consent by medical students has been an area of concern. In 2024, the US Department of Health and Human Services banned rectal examination (and pelvic and breast exams) without written informed consent, when such exams are done by medical students, nurse practitioners, or physician assistants for “educational and training purposes”. In veterinary medicine rectal examination

832-465: The patient relaxes and bears down (as if having a bowel movement), the physician slips a lubricated finger into the rectum through the anus and palpates the insides for a short time. Due to the taboos surrounding the anus and the potential for discomfort and embarrassment, the rectal exam is a common comedic device , including in episodes of Saturday Night Live , Impractical Jokers , Futurama , Family Guy , South Park , Letterkenny , and

864-545: The request of the buyer, including atmospheric data relevant to the type of technology installed. A basic sample PPA between the Bonneville Power Administration and a wind power generating entity was developed as a reference for future PPAs. Solar PPAs are now being successfully utilized in the California Solar Initiative's Multifamily Affordable Solar Housing (MASH) program. This aspect of

896-449: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title PPA . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PPA&oldid=1258465621 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing French-language text Short description

928-401: The seller is responsible for transmission. More complex arrangements, where the generator feeds electricity into one point of the grid and the buyer withdraws electricity from another point, also exist. Since prices often differ at different points of the grid, the PPA contract for such arrangements specifies how the price difference is split. Electricity rates are agreed upon as the basis for

960-480: The state and federal level to varying degrees depending on the nature of the PPA and the extent to which the sale of electricity is regulated where the project is sited. In the U.S., FERC determines which facilities are considered to be exempt wholesale generators (EWG) or qualifying facilities and are applicable for PPAs under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 . PPAs are more prevalent in the United States. However, in recent years, this type of financing has gained pace in

992-986: The successful CSI program was just recently opened for applications. PPAs can be managed in the European market by service providers. The legal agreements between the statewide power sectors(seller) and the trader(buyer/who buys large quantity of power) will be treated as the PPA in power sector. Data center owners Amazon , Google , and Microsoft have used PPAs to offset the emissions and power usage of cloud computing . Amazon has signed power purchase agreements with 44 renewable energy projects in nine different countries, totaling 6.2 GW in 2021, following its commitment to power its facilities with 100% renewable energy by 2030 and zero carbon emissions by 2040. Some manufacturers with heavy carbon emission footprints and energy usage such as Anheuser-Busch InBev have also shown interest in PPAs. In 2017, Anheuser-Busch InBev agreed to purchase using

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1024-437: The unit of pressure, petapascal (10 pascal) pPa, symbol for the unit of pressure, picopascal (10 pascal) Other uses [ edit ] Purchase price allocation Participatory poverty assessment Provisional application , commonly known as a 'provisional patent application' Planning, preparation and assessment, an allocation given to teaching professionals as part of their timetable Topics referred to by

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