93-764: The Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway ( SCTEX ), signed as E1 and E4 of the Philippine expressway network , is a controlled-access toll expressway in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines . From its northern terminus in Tarlac City to its southern terminus at Tipo in Dinalupihan , Bataan , the SCTEX serves as one of the main expressways in Luzon. The expressway is also connected to
186-432: A single water district provides essential services to the community. Telecommunications are facilitated by four mobile service providers. In the sectors of health and education, San Fernando has established a comprehensive network of 292 health facilities , which includes one public hospital and four private hospitals , in addition to 79 public clinics and 203 private clinics . The city prioritizes education, hosting
279-745: A card or ticket at the entry point and surrender them upon exit. On expressways implementing barrier tolling, toll collection is done at toll plazas on a fixed rate. Some expressways employ a hybrid system that includes both, like the North Luzon Expressway, which uses both barrier ("open system") and closed road tolling. Electronic toll collection (ETC) is first implemented on the Skyway and South Luzon Expressway, using transponder technology branded E-Pass. ETC systems are implemented by some toll road operators, with inter-running support on other connected expressways. Toll plazas or toll gates have ETC lanes on
372-479: A conspiracy against the colonial government. Leading the crackdown was Fray Rafael Redondo , the Vicar Forane of San Fernando, who acted swiftly against suspected revolutionaries. Among the first arrested was Dr. Lucino Almeida , a respected community figure targeted for his alleged involvement in the revolutionary movement, which had gained momentum following the events of Pugad Lawin and the increasing influence of
465-585: A mode of payment in SCTEx since March 2018. The toll rates, by kilometer travelled and vehicle class are as follows: From 2016, the SCTEx has two service areas in Concepcion, Tarlac, north of the Sacobia River. One of the service areas is on the northbound lanes and the other one is on the southbound lanes. The northbound service area is composed of a PTT gas station and a 7-Eleven store. The southbound service area
558-488: A new settlement called Pindangan , characterized by a massive church named after the Ilocano term "pindang," which means to dry fish. The name "Pindangan" thus referred to the place where fish were dried. Unfortunately, the church was later destroyed by a significant earthquake. In 1764, Don Santiago Olarte was appointed as Pindangan’s first Gobernadorcillo , a title equivalent to the modern-day mayor. Instead of rebuilding
651-614: A settlement of Samtoy ( Ilocano ) communities situated along its coastal shores and riverbanks. This area was part of the northern section of Caboloan , where these communities practiced animistic beliefs and were known for their gold mines, farming and seafaring. They actively engaged in trade with neighboring groups, including the Pangasinenses , Igorots , Chinese , and Japanese . In June 1572, Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo arrived in San Fernando after successfully pacifying
744-472: A shortage of priests between 1792 and 1831, San Fernando became a “visita” of Bauang and San Juan . It was not until 1831 that Father Juan Sorolla , who had served as the parish priest of Bauang in 1829, was assigned to San Fernando, further solidifying its religious significance. On October 29, 1849, Governor General Narciso Zaldua Claveria issued a promovido that unified eight northern towns of Pangasinan , three southern towns of Ilocos Sur south of
837-404: A total of 11 universities and colleges , along with various public and private educational institutions at different levels: 16 secondary schools, 18 elementary schools, 26 preschools, and 64 public day care centers. These facilities exemplify the city’s commitment to improving the quality of life for its residents through accessible health and education services. [2] San Fernando, belonging to
930-741: Is 100 km/h (62 mph) for cars and jeepneys, 80 km/h (50 mph) for trucks and buses, and 60 km/h (37 mph) is the minimum for all classes of vehicles. The first expressways in the Philippines are the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), both of which were built in the late 1960s. The first elevated toll road in the Philippines is the Skyway , with its construction consisting of numerous sections called "stages". Its latest section, Stage 3,
1023-701: Is a 3rd class component city and the capital of the province of La Union , Philippines. It is a coastal city consisting of fifty-nine (59) barangays and covers an area of 105.26 square kilometers. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 125,642. San Fernando serves as the gateway to trade and commerce to the North and the culture and heritage of Ilocandia. The City is the regional and administrative capital of Ilocos Region , hosts several regional and field offices of national government agencies, regional branches of government financial institutions, and various government-owned and controlled corporations. The city
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#17328476600481116-432: Is also significant, yielding reported quantities of 3,584 kg of hogs, 2,266 kg of cattle, 1,545 kg of carabaos, 2,060 kg of goats, and a notable 21,644 chickens. Regarding economic activity, San Fernando City is home to 9,129 registered businesses . The financial sector is bolstered by 47 banking institutions , which encompass universal, commercial, thrift, rural, and microfinance banks, as documented by
1209-457: Is characterized by its flowing creeks and rivers, including the Carlatan and Catbangen, as well as its proximity to various mountains. It shares its northern boundary with the municipality of San Juan , while Bauang is situated to the south, to the east is bordered by Bagulin and southeast by Naguilian . The total land area of the city encompasses 10,272 hectares (25,380 acres), which
1302-586: Is composed of a Seaoil gas station and CityMall shopping mall. Both service areas include a future expansion to accommodate additional retail and parking space. This entire route is located in Central Luzon . Exits will be numbered by kilometer posts, with Rizal Park in Manila designated as kilometer zero . The entire route is located in Mabalacat, Pampanga . Philippine expressway network The Philippine expressway network , also known as
1395-410: Is divided into 34 rural and 25 urban barangays. The barangays include 14 coastal, 31 inland, and 14 upland areas. The terrain of San Fernando is predominantly hilly, and it experiences a Type I climate, characterized by distinct dry and wet seasons. The wet season typically commences in mid-May and concludes at the end of October, while the dry season occurs from December to early May. San Fernando City
1488-517: Is home to some of the region’s premier educational and medical institutions, including the Ilocos Training and Regional Medical Center , recognized as the core of public health and medical care in Ilocos Region. It is one of the two capital cities named San Fernando, the other being San Fernando, Pampanga in Central Luzon . San Fernando has a rich history that traces back to its early days as
1581-448: Is located 269 kilometers (167 miles) from Metro Manila . A barangay is the smallest administrative unit in the Philippines, functioning as a local government division within cities and municipalities. The City of San Fernando is divided into 59 barangays, organized into 12 districts. [1] Each barangay is led by elected officials, including a Barangay Captain and a Barangay Council composed of councilors. Additionally,
1674-751: Is part of the Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure Plan of DuterteNomics and the Build Better More of Bongbong Marcos . In addition to the following expressways: New expressways will be built as well, such as: The Asian Highway 26 ( [REDACTED] ) passes through three expressways in the Philippines: San Fernando, La Union San Fernando , officially the City of San Fernando ( Ilocano : Siudad ti San Fernando ; Pangasinan : Syudad na San Fernando ; Filipino : Lungsod ng San Fernando ),
1767-568: The Sangguniang Kabataan , representing the youth, is headed by a chairman and its own council. These officials are elected every three years. The City of San Fernando population is recorded at 125,640 as according to the 2020 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority with an annual growth rate of 0.65% observed from 2015 to 2020. This figure represents 15.28% of the overall population of La Union and 2.37% of
1860-648: The Amburayan River , and eight western settlements of Eastern Pais del Igorotes in the Cordilleras to form the province of La Union. On March 2, 1850, Governor General Antonio Maria Blanco signed the Superior Decreto establishing La Union, designating San Fernando as its capital or cabecera. Captain Toribio Ruiz de la Escalera was appointed as the first Gobernador Militar y Politico . The creation of La Union
1953-491: The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) in 2018. The financial statements of the city government for the same year reflect a revenue of Php 778,822,666.43 and expenditures amounting to Php 608,973,969.57. The infrastructure in the city is well-developed, featuring a road network that extends 237.42 km, along with one domestic airport and one international seaport. All barangays in the city have access to electricity, and
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#17328476600482046-572: The Central Luzon Link Expressway , North Luzon Expressway , Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway , and the Subic Freeport Expressway . The SCTEX is the country's longest expressway at 93.77 kilometers (58.27 mi) until the completion of Toll Road 4 of South Luzon Expressway (SLEX). The Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway was constructed to provide a more efficient transport corridor between Subic Bay Freeport , Clark , and
2139-594: The Department of Public Works and Highways or the Toll Regulatory Board through build–operate–transfer (BOT) arrangements. At present, there are 15 expressways in the Philippines that connect Metro Manila to northern and southern Luzon and 1 expressway in Metro Cebu. Regional high standard highways in the Philippines are multi-lane arterial roads with bypass, grade separation and/or frontage road . They connect
2232-638: The General Manuel Tinio Brigade signaled the end of the Philippine-American War in La Union. Later that year, on August 14, Governor General William Howard Taft arrived at San Fernando Harbor, greeted by Don Joaquin Ortega and other local officials. Taft's visit marked the introduction of American civil governance in the province. Just days later, on August 17, Don Joaquin Ortega was declared
2325-565: The High Standard Highway Network , is a controlled-access highway network managed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) which consists of all expressways and regional high standard highways in the Philippines . High standard highways are defined as highways which provide a high level of traffic services by assuring high speed mobility and safe travel in order to vitally support socio-economic activities for sound socio-economic development of strategic regions and
2418-573: The Holy Week exodus. Among the integration plans which costed ₱ 650 million are the reduction of toll collection stops, construction of additional toll plazas and the conversion of the electronic toll collection of the two expressways into a single system. Also, with the government's thrust towards toll road interoperability, Autosweep of the San Miguel Corporation which operates SLEX, Skyway, STAR Tollway, NAIAX, and TPLEX has been accepted as
2511-700: The Kankanaey . Religiously, the city is predominantly Christian , with Roman Catholicism as the most widely practiced faith, followed by Iglesia ni Cristo. The city also accommodates a variety of other religious affiliations, including Jehovah’s Witnesses, the Pentecostal Church of God Asia Mission, the Bible Baptist Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Islam, the United Church of Christ in
2604-523: The Philippine National Railways (PNR) North Main Line to Dagupan and San Fernando , La Union also lies. MacArthur Highway parallels the expressway up to Tarlac City. Leaving Clark Freeport, Clark North Exit comes before the expressway, where it curves and then crosses MacArthur Highway at Barangay Dolores, where a half-partial cloverleaf interchange, serving only northbound traffic, connects
2697-806: The Roosevelt Protected Landscape and is built parallel to the Jose Abad Santos Avenue (N3) until Dinalupihan Exit, where the expressway curves northward and tracks the Angeles-Porac-Floridablanca-Dinalupihan Road as it follows a mostly straight route. The expressway then curves to the northeast before Floridablanca Exit. It curves toward the northwest and back to the northeast before Porac Exit. It then curves eastward and then northward near Clark Freeport and Clark International Airport . Clark South Exit, which serves those areas, lies near Mabalacat Interchange, with
2790-614: The Toll Regulatory Board (TRB) On March 18, 2008, at exactly 1 p.m., President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo opened the Subic – Clark segment of the expressway for a Holy Week dry run. This helped motorists traveling to Zambales and Bataan for Holy Week. The dry run was free and available for class 1 vehicles only. The Holy Week dry run was from March 18, 1 p.m. to 5:30 p.m and March 19 to 24, 5:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.; operating hours were limited as no street lights were installed that time. On April 28, 2008, at exactly 12 noon, BCDA opened
2883-500: The authoritarian practices of Ferdinand Marcos ' administration, there were still San Fernando residents willing to express their objections its various abuses . This included San Fernando-raised student activists Romulo and Armando Palabay , UP Students and La Union National High School alumni who were imprisoned for their protest activities in San Fernando, tortured at Camp Olivas in Pampanga, and later separately killed before
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2976-474: The first congressional district of the province of La Union , is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a city council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. The mayor and other elected officers hold office at
3069-567: The 3rd battalion captured Reservoir Hill. The Battle of Bacsil Ridge between the Filipino guerrillas and the Japanese Forces resulted in the recapture of the city of San Fernando, La Union. which resulted in the capture of San Fernando, La Union on March 23, 1945, and Bacnotan , La Union and the military offensive throughout the province ended on March 24 after two months of fighting. Although Ilocanos are perceived to have been largely silent about
3162-505: The Agreement, the SCTEX can be considered as having been built at no cost to Government. The toll system of Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway is a closed road system that uses cards with magnetic strips , and from March 2016, electronic toll collection, using the Easytrip system by its concessionaire, Manila North Tollways Corporation (now NLEX Corporation ), is introduced, eventually integrating
3255-539: The American democratic form of governance replaced the oppressive Spanish colonial rule. The people of San Fernando, like many others in the Philippines, took advantage of the opportunities the Americans introduced, both politically and economically, leading to the town's progress. On August 1, 1899, a U.S. merchant ship, the “Saturmus” , attempted to dock in San Fernando but was captured by revolutionary forces. Following this,
3348-520: The Americans in San Fernando. The American regime brought a new era of political and social change to San Fernando, replacing Spanish rule with democratic ideals while fostering significant economic development, though at the cost of local resistance and loss. In the Second World War , the last battle of San Fernando was fought during the Japanese occupation at Barangay Bacsil. The Bacsil Ridge Monument
3441-651: The BCDA and the Manila North Tollways Corporation (MNTC), and its holdings companies Metro Pacific Tollways Corporation (MPTC) and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation (MPIC), was signed July 25, 2011. Under the business and operating agreement, MNTC will operate and manage SCTEx for 33 years, while relieving BCDA of the heavy financial burden of paying the ₱34-billion debt to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). By virtue of
3534-760: The Casa Real. After the Spanish-American War of 1898, the Philippines was ceded to the United States under the Treaty of Paris , marking the beginning of American colonization. Following the Philippine-American War (1899–1902), San Fernando, La Union, became a focal point of military conflicts as American forces sought to gain control. The town witnessed significant abuses, including forced relocations, killings, and property destruction , which only deepened
3627-627: The Central Techno Park in Tarlac, foster development on the municipalities served, and connect major infrastructures such as the Subic Seaport and Clark International Airport . Built by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), a government owned and controlled corporation , construction of the expressway started in 2005. Commercial operations then started on April 28, 2008, with
3720-613: The Filipino soldiers under the 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army , USAFIP-NL, under the command of Russell W. Volckmann , and the Japanese Imperial forces under General Tomoyuki Yamashita . The Battle of Bacsil Ridge ended the month-long battle for control of San Fernando. The Japanese defenders called the Hayashi Detachment, composed of 3,000 armed troops and 2,000 unarmed support forces, took hold of San Fernando and its surrounding areas and denied entry to
3813-711: The Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio . On September 17, 1896, three native coadjutor priests from La Union, including Padre Mariano Gaerlan of San Fernando, were tortured for their alleged participation in a conspiracy against the Spanish colonial government, deepening the people's resentment toward Spanish rule. The Philippine Revolution erupted in 1898, sparking a nationwide movement for independence. On July 22, 1898, Filipino insurgents, led by General Manuel Tinio , General Mauro Ortiz , and Major Joaquin Alejandrino , attacked
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3906-617: The Limited Access Highway Act, signed on June 22, 1957. Through the act, the Department of Public Works and Highways is authorized to designate new or existing roads as limited-access highways and to regulate points of entry along these limited-access highways. Traffic laws on expressways are defined by the Limited Access Highway Act and Department of Public Works and Communications (DPWC) Administrative Order No. 1 series of 1968. Standard traffic laws on all expressways based on
3999-594: The Philippines to convert the Municipality of San Fernando into a Component City . At that time, San Fernando had fulfilled the fundamental requirements for cityhood in accordance with the provisions of the Local Government Code of 1991 . According to a certification from the Bureau of Local Government Finance , the municipality's average annual income for the calendar years 1994 and 1995, based on 1991 constant prices,
4092-726: The Philippines, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Poverty incidence of San Fernando Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The City of San Fernando maintains a primarily a gricultural economy , with key crops including rice, legumes, leafy vegetables, root crops, fruit trees, corn , and tobacco. Fishing activities along the coastline provide an additional source of income for many residents. The agricultural output of San Fernando illustrates diverse levels of food sufficiency, with rice at 31.91%, corn at 47%, root crops at 87.73%, legumes at 106.75%, fruits at 60.49%, and vegetables at 127.55%. Livestock production
4185-469: The Spanish garrison in San Fernando with over 600 men. The Spanish, commanded by Colonel Jose Garcia Herrero , fortified key buildings and awaited reinforcements. Despite Tinio's attempts at peaceful negotiation, the Spanish forces refused to surrender. After several days of deadlock, Tinio launched an assault on July 31, resulting in a fierce battle that culminated in the Spaniards' surrender. This event marked
4278-717: The Subic-Clark segment, and a joint venture of Hazama, Taisei , and Nippon Steel for the Clark-Tarlac segment. Consultation was provided by a joint venture of Oriental Consultant, Katahira & Engineering International, and Nippon Koei Co. Ltd. (now ID&E Holdings) The total cost for the construction of the expressway is ₱34.957 billion . It was sourced through a loan from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) amounting to ¥ 41.93 billion or ₱23.06 billion with an interest rate of 0.95% per annum. ₱25.737 billion of
4371-529: The Subic–Clark segment to all vehicles. BCDA said that travel time from Manila to Subic via North Luzon Expressway would now only take 1 hour and 40 minutes while the travel time from Clark to Subic would only take 40 minutes. The Dolores exit (formerly Clark North A exit) was also opened, which connects to MacArthur Highway. On July 25, 2008, the BCDA announced the opening of the Clark–Tarlac segment of
4464-456: The U.S. Navy retaliated on August 7, bombarding San Fernando and reducing much of the town to ruins. In November of that same year, President Emilio Aguinaldo passed through La Union, while on November 21, General Samuel Baldwin Marks Young led the U.S. Expeditionary Forces to occupy San Fernando, marking the official start of American occupation in La Union. By May 1, 1901, the surrender of
4557-429: The Virgin of Caysasay, who is revered by the Filipino-Chinese community as the reincarnation of Ma-tzu. Ma-tzu is believed to provide protection and guidance to fishermen and sailors. Rabii ti Pammadyaw: This event recognizes outstanding individuals who have brought honor to the city through excellence in their respective fields. Grand People’s Parade: Also known as the Parade of Lights, this parade takes place along
4650-809: The above laws include: While traveling along the expressway, vehicles are prohibited from: The following conveyances are prohibited on all expressways in the Philippines: High standard highways in the Philippines are classified into two types: the arterial high standard highways or expressways, and regional high standard highways. Arterial high standards highways (HSH-1) in the Philippines are known as expressways. They are highways with controlled-access, normally with interchanges and may include facilities for levying tolls for passage in an open or closed system. Standard features of Philippine expressways include guard rails, rumble strips, signs and pavement markings, solid wall fence, speed radars, toll plaza, closed-circuit television and rest and service areas. The speed limit
4743-462: The administration of President Joseph Estrada with an original project cost of ₱ 15.73 billion . On September 14, 2001, the loan agreement was signed between the Philippines and Japan to finance and construct the expressway with a total cost of ₱17.84 billion (¥41.93 billion) during the state visit of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in Japan. Construction of the expressway commenced on April 5, 2005 which established its right-of-way that marked
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#17328476600484836-490: The blooming of the Albor trees ( fire tree ), as they believed sacrifices were essential to appease their gods. Meanwhile, during the calm summer months, San Vicente de Balanac was raided by Tirongs and Moro pirates, who abducted women and children, leaving destruction in their wake. In response to these relentless attacks, Father Jose Torres , an Augustinian priest, urged the remaining populations of both barrios to unite for their protection. In 1762, they established
4929-405: The center of Spanish governance and influence in Northern Luzon, where the efforts to convert natives to Christianity began. By 1759, the early settlements of San Fernando comprised two barrios: San Guillermo de Dalangdang , nestled at the foothills of the Cordillera mountains, and San Vicente de Balanac , a coastal village. San Guillermo frequently fell victim to headhunting Igorots during
5022-424: The church in the same location, the Franciscans opted to move it during the rainy season until they found a suitable place. This church eventually became known as the Cathedral of St. William the Hermit , part of the Diocese of San Fernando, La Union. On May 6, 1786, Pindangan was officially renamed and founded as "Ministerio de San Fernando" by Fr. Fernando Rey, in honor of King Ferdinand of Spain. However, due to
5115-493: The city hall of San Fernando. The city council, the Sangguniang Panlungsod , is housed in the Don Mariano Marcos Building beside the city hall. The City of San Fernando, like many other regions in the Philippines, celebrates its festivities with great enthusiasm. The city's annual fiesta takes place from January 28 to February 15, featuring a trade fair near the city hall. Additional celebrations occur in March to commemorate its cityhood. Pindangan Festival: Held annually during
5208-502: The cityhood anniversary, this festival features a street dance competition showcasing three significant socio-historical elements of the city's identity: the Pindangan Ruins, the merging of two historical settlements that formed the town, and the traditional fish preservation technique known as "pindang." Participants are categorized into groups from primary, secondary, and tertiary schools, as well as contingents from barangays and districts. Commemoration of Bacsil Ridge: This event honors
5301-477: The cityhood bid to the House of Representatives and Congress. House Bill 7594, titled "An Act Converting the Municipality of San Fernando, La Union into a Component City to be Known as the City of San Fernando," was sponsored by Congressman Victor F. Ortega (1st District, La Union) and approved by the House of Representatives. The Senate subsequently approved the bill, sponsored by Senators Vicente Sotto III and Juan Flavier. On February 13, 1998, Republic Act 8509
5394-428: The country as a whole. In the Philippines, controlled-access highways are known as expressways. They are multi-lane divided toll roads which are privately maintained under concession from the government. The regional high standard highways are partial controlled-access highways that function as supplementary to expressways. The Philippine expressway network spanned 420 kilometers (260 mi) in length in 2015 and
5487-463: The decongestion of traffic in Metro Manila , and the improvement of accessibility to main tourist spots, among others. The Philippine expressway network master plan covers the development of high standard highways surrounding Metro Manila in Luzon , Metro Cebu in the Visayas , and the Metro Davao – General Santos area in Mindanao . The establishment of limited-access highways or expressways are provided and defined by Republic Act No. 2000 or
5580-443: The end of Martial Law. The respective martyrdoms of Romulo (age 22) and Armando (age 21) were later honored when their names were etched on the Wall of Remembrance at the Philippines’ Bantayog ng mga Bayani , which honors the heroes and martyrs who fought the authoritarian regime. On May 14, 1996, the Sangguniang Bayan of San Fernando passed Resolution No. 20 , formally requesting the House of Representatives and Congress of
5673-449: The exits being one kilometer (0.62 mi) apart from each other. The segment ends at the Clark Logistics interchange in Mabalacat, where it meets the Clark Spur Road that links SCTEX with North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and crosses over MacArthur Highway (N2). Past the Clark Logistics interchange, its main destination changes to Tarlac City and Baguio . The roadway runs at the boundary of Clark Freeport and Mabalacat city proper, where
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#17328476600485766-456: The expressway. Travel time from Clark to Tarlac was reduced to only 25 minutes and to travel the entire length of the SCTEX would only take about 1 hour. At the same time, the travel time from Manila to Tarlac City via NLEx and the SCTEX would only take 1 hour and 25 minutes. In 2015, the BCDA awarded the operations and maintenance of the expressway to the Manila North Tollways Corporation (MNTC, now NLEX Corporation ). The operator took over
5859-452: The expressways and are mostly partial controlled-access highways. Their design speed is 80–100 km/h (50–62 mph) for inter-urban regional highways and 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph) for intra-urban highways. Under the implementation of a route numbering system commissioned by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) on 2014, expressways are signed with yellow pentagonal signs with black numerals. They are prefixed with
5952-406: The first Civil Governor of La Union . Under American rule, agriculture and education thrived, with the introduction of American teachers playing a crucial role in these developments. Despite the progress made under the new government, the era was not without tragedy on November 8, 1901, Colonel Juan M. Gutierrez , a native of La Union, became the last top-ranking Filipino officer publicly hanged by
6045-491: The four rivers in Central Luzon : the Dinalupihan River in Bataan , the Gumain River in Floridablanca and the Pasig–Potrero River in Porac , both in Pampanga , and the Sacobia River in Bamban, Tarlac . All exits require toll payment, and toll plazas are laid on the termini of the expressway. SCTEX starts at Tipo Interchange, its intersection with the Subic Freeport Expressway (SFEX) in Dinalupihan , near Barangay Tipo in Hermosa, Bataan . The expressway initially traverses
6138-409: The heroism displayed during the recapture of Bacsil during World War II. On March 19, 1945, the 121st Infantry of USAFIP defeated Japanese forces, leading to the liberation of Bacsil Ridge. Three days later, the town of San Fernando was freed. Ma-tzu Festival: A unique religious celebration blending Chinese and Roman Catholic traditions, this festival honors Ma-tzu, the Chinese goddess of the sea, and
6231-440: The increase in the number of vehicles and the demand for limited-access highways, the Philippine government requested the government of Japan to conduct a master plan for the development of a high standard highway network in 2009 under the Philippine Medium-Term Public Investment Plan (2005–2010). The plan calls for the promotion of national integrity by strengthening the Philippine Nautical Highway System linking roads and ferries,
6324-469: The leftmost lanes or on "mixed" lanes, that allow cash collection, or both. Latest ETC systems use radio frequency identification (RFID) technology over transponder technology for collection. Having different ETC systems that are not supported on other roads, a plan for a unified ETC system is promoted for motorists' convenience. Cashless toll collections on all expressways are on a dry run since 2023, aiming for full implementation in 2024. As of June 2024 ,
6417-464: The letter "E" for "Expressway" to distinguish them from national highways. Expressways numbers are assigned sequentially and continuously. The Philippine expressway network is currently consisting of six discontinuous network of expressways, all of which are located in the island of Luzon. Most of the expressways implement tolls, usually of the closed road and barrier toll systems . On expressways roads using closed road tolling, motorists first get
6510-532: The management of the toll road on October 27. The seamless integration, which replaced the old tolling system with demolished toll plazas, was completed in March 2016 to merge the two expressways into one system. The expressway is part of the Bases Conversion and Development Authority's Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway Project or SCTEP, which aims to connect the ecozones of Subic and Clark. The joint-venture of First Philippine Infrastructure Development Corporation (FPIDC), Tollways Management Corporation and Egis Projects,
6603-413: The native and Japanese settlers in Aroo or Agoho ( Agoo ), which he had named "El Puerto de Japon" due to its status as a Japanese trading post. Upon reaching San Fernando, Salcedo encountered the natives and demanded tribute for the Queen of Spain. The natives requested time to gather the tribute from the mountains but never returned. Salcedo then continued northward, ultimately establishing Vigan as
6696-418: The northern end of the expressway at Tarlac City Exit. A new toll plaza built on the main route serves Tarlac City Exit, whose toll gates are removed with its opening. The exit serves an interchange with the Central Luzon Link Expressway (CLLEX). Past Tarlac City Exit, SCTEX becomes Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway (TPLEX) northward. The Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway or SCTEx Project was initiated under
6789-586: The opening of the Subic–Clark Segment and Zone A of the portion of Clark-Tarlac Segment. The opening of Zones B and C of the remaining Clark–Tarlac Segment on July 25, 2008, signaled the full operations of SCTEX. The Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) runs northwest from Bataan and runs through the provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac . The entirety of the SCTEX is built as a four-lane expressway mostly laid out on embankment , with some sections using cuts to traverse hilly areas. The expressway also crosses
6882-501: The people's resentment and fueled resistance. Despite this, San Fernando eventually came under American administration, leading to significant political, economic, and social transformations. One notable military event was the naval bombardment by American forces. This occurred as General Gregorio del Pilar led a rear-guard action to cover General Emilio Aguinaldo's retreat. However, Aguinaldo and his soldiers were eventually captured. After these events, peace and order were restored, and
6975-432: The population and females comprising 50.1% (62,360). In terms of age distribution, 25% of the population (31,088 individuals) is aged 0–14 years, while 67.4% (83,971 individuals) falls within the working-age category of 15–64 years. Senior citizens aged 65 and above represent 8% (9,435 individuals) of the total population. The population pyramid reflects a balanced gender distribution, predominantly featuring individuals within
7068-540: The port of the city and a road leading to Baguio . As part of the San Fernando-Bacsil Operations, the 1st Battalion of 121st Infantry were sent to loosen the enemy positions starting late February with the assistance of the Allied Air Force. The 1st Battalion made a general attack to the ridge on March 16, 1945 and fought the Japanese defenders until the capture of Bacsil on March 19. On the same day,
7161-575: The same concessionaires of the North Luzon Expressway , would handle all the operations and maintenance of the expressway. The First Philippine Infrastructure Development Corporation is a subsidiary of First Philippine Holdings, a holding company under the Lopez Group of Companies with core investments in power and tollways, and strategic initiatives in property and manufacturing. The FPIDC was eventually sold to Metro Pacific Investments Corporation in 2008. The SCTEX business and operating agreement between
7254-456: The signing of the Actas de Capitulaciones (Acts of Surrender). San Fernando became the 13th of 29 towns and cities to witness the Spanish capitulation, with 400 soldiers, eight officers, and substantial military resources surrendering. After a century of Spanish colonization, San Fernando was finally liberated, and for the first time since its founding on March 2, 1850, a Filipino assumed authority over
7347-447: The start of the expressway's existence. The expressway is the longest in the country, covering 93 kilometers (58 mi). The original project for the expressway is divided into two segments: the 50.5-kilometer (31.4 mi) Subic-Clark segment and the 43.27-kilometer (26.89 mi) Clark-Tarlac segment. The contractors for the project are a joint venture of Kajima , Obayashi , JFE Engineering , and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for
7440-610: The toll rates by expressway are as follows: Additionally, since June 1, 2024, the Agri-Trucks Toll Rebate Program is implemented to exempt vehicles carrying agricultural products from toll increases on expressways, aiming to ease inflation on these goods. For SMC Tollways -operated expressways such as SLEX and MCX, the average rebate ranges from ₱2 to ₱30 . Meanwhile, Metro Pacific Tollways Corporation -operated expressways such as NLEX, SCTEX, and CAVITEX offer rebates ranging from ₱16 to ₱156 . Both rates depend on
7533-464: The toll system of the expressway with North Luzon Expressway 's. Before March 2016, the toll system is completely independent, with toll collection from NLEx and vice versa being done at a toll plaza on Clark Spur Road in Mabalacat, until the structure's demolition following the toll system integration. In March 2016, the integration of the North Luzon Expressway and the SCTEX was completed, in time for
7626-499: The total population of the Ilocos Region . As a result, the population density is calculated to be 1,223 individuals per square kilometer (or 3,168 individuals per square mile). The barangay with the highest population is Sevilla, housing 11,316 residents, followed by Catbangen with 9,638, Lingsat with 7,528, and Poro with 6,797 individuals. The gender distribution in the city is nearly equal, with males accounting for 49.9% (62,134) of
7719-405: The total project cost represents direct costs such as expenses incurred for the construction of the SCTEX. The indirect costs of ₱7.146 billion include land acquisition, consultancy services, project management expenses and taxes and duties. Financing costs of ₱2.074 billion include the Department of Finance guarantee fee and JBIC loan interest during the construction period. Toll Fees are approved by
7812-540: The two. Approaching Tarlac, the expressway crosses over the Sacobia River through a bridge mentioned before. The first service areas on the expressway, one serving northbound traffic, and the other serving southbound traffic, apart by one kilometer, comes before Concepcion Exit. The expressway passes near the poblacion of Concepcion, then over agricultural land of Tarlac City . Hacienda Luisita Exit, that serves Hacienda Luisita as well as connecting MacArthur Highway and serving barangays along its connecting road, comes before
7905-714: The vehicle class, with the latter depending on the distance travelled as well. Three components of the expressway network or the High Standard Highway Network are the Luzon Spine Expressway Network (LSEN), the Visayas Spine Expressway Network (VSEN), and the Mindanao Spine Expressway Network (MSEN). It is a planned network of interconnected expressways within the islands of Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . It
7998-598: The working-age group. In the 2022 elections, the City of San Fernando had 76,555 registered voters, as reported by the Commission on Elections. The principal language spoken in the city is Iloco, which serves as its official language; however, smaller communities also communicate in Tagalog, Kankanaey, Pangasinan, Bago, English and Bisaya. Additionally, the highland barangays are home to a small community of Indigenous Peoples, specifically
8091-626: Was P 44,351,821.66. Additionally, the Land Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources certified that San Fernando covered a total land area of 10,526 hectares, exceeding the minimum requirement of 10,000 hectares. Following a thorough review and careful assessment of the Sangguniang Bayan of San Fernando's petition, the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of La Union adopted Resolution No. 425-96, endorsing
8184-643: Was built on the site in the city, the north-eastern portion of the town plaza. The victory enabled the establishment of the United States Army Base, Base M at Poro Point (a buildup area for the Japan invasion) and a US Navy Base . The town was liberated in 1945. The Battle of Bacsil Ridge which was fought in March 1945 was one of the main battles of the Philippines Campaign of the Second World War between
8277-626: Was completed in 2021. The Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR) Tollway, from Santo Tomas to Lipa in Batangas was opened in 2001 and was extended in 2008. The Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX), the longest tollway in the Philippines was opened in 2008, setting the stage for the development of the Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway (TPLEX), which would extend beyond the SCTEX' northern terminus in Tarlac City. The TPLEX
8370-475: Was extended to 626 kilometers (389 mi) in 2020, and is to be extended to 995 kilometers (618 mi) beyond 2030 according to the master plan submitted by the Japan International Cooperation Agency in 2010. The Philippine highway network spans over 32,000 kilometers (20,000 mi) across all regions of the Philippines. These highways, however, are mostly single and dual carriageways with many U-turn lanes and intersections slowing down traffic. Coupled with
8463-499: Was officially ratified by a Royal Decree from Queen Isabella II of Spain on April 18, 1854. By the late 19th century, an influx of settlers from the Ilocos provinces led to San Fernando being predominantly inhabited by Ilocanos and Ilocanized Pangasinenses. On September 10, 1896, shortly after the Cry of Pugad Lawin , a significant event unfolded in San Fernando when Spanish authorities uncovered
8556-466: Was opened in 2013. The Cavite–Laguna Expressway (CALAX), another expressway in Southern Luzon, was partially opened on October 30, 2019. The Central Luzon Link Expressway (CLLEX) was partially opened on July 15, 2021. There are many under construction and proposed expressways in the Philippines. All the expressways in the Philippines are privately maintained under concession agreements either with
8649-457: Was signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos . Finally, on March 20, 1998, the residents of San Fernando overwhelmingly voted in favor of the law during a plebiscite , fulfilling the long-held aspiration for San Fernando to attain cityhood. The City of San Fernando, located in La Union, is strategically positioned between the South China Sea to the west and highlands to the east. The city
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