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56-444: Tarlac City , officially the City of Tarlac ( Kapampangan : Lakanbalen ning Tarlac ; Pangasinan : Siyudad na Tarlac ; Ilocano : Siudad ti Tarlac ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Tarlac [tɐɾˈlak] ), is a 1st class city and the capital of the province of Tarlac , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 385,398 people making it the most populous in

112-571: A Tortola , a short love story. (Lingayen, Pangasinan: Gumawid Press, 1926) Juan Villamil translated José Rizal 's " Mi último adiós " in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited Tunong , a news magazine, in the 1920s. He also wrote Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal , a biography of Rizal. Magsano published Silew , a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote Samban Agnabenegan , a romance novel. Pangasinan Courier published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. Pioneer Herald published Sinag ,

168-420: A certain order after verbs (or particles, such as negation words). The enclitic pronoun is always followed by another pronoun (or discourse marker : Pronouns also combine to form a portmanteau pronoun: Portmanteau pronouns are not usually used in questions and with the word naman : In the following chart, blank entries denote combinations which are deemed impossible. Column headings denote pronouns in

224-467: A city. However, its plebiscite was unsuccessful, showing their voters rejected cityhood. On April 21, 1990, the barangays of Burgos, David, Iba, Labney, Lawacamulag, Lubigan, Maamot, Mababanaba, Moriones, Pao, San Juan de Valdez, Sula, and Villa Aglipay, originally part of the then-municipality of Tarlac, separated and formed to be the part of San Jose . Tarlac now retains its 274.66 km (106.05 sq mi) area. Finally, on March 12, 1998, Republic Act 8593

280-463: A demonstrative pronoun and its existential form (for the nearest addressee) are exceptions. The plural of iyan is den/ren ; the plural of niyan is daren ; the plural of kanyan is karen , and the plural of oian is oren . The existential form of ian is ken . Kapampangan verbs are morphologically complex, and take a variety of affixes reflecting focus, aspect and mode. The language has Austronesian alignment , and

336-531: A highly urbanized city (HUC) in the province. However, the provincial government opposed the city's campaign for conversion into HUC. The majority of voters rejected the conversion in the plebiscite on February 11, 2006. The city is situated at the centre of the province of Tarlac , along the Tarlac River . To its north is Gerona and Santa Ignacia , west is San Jose , south is Capas and Concepcion and eastern boundaries are Victoria and La Paz . Tarlac City

392-451: A literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available. Many Pangasinan are multilingual and proficient in English , Filipino , and Ilocano . However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan language. Many Pangasinan people, especially the native speakers are promoting the use of Pangasinan in

448-532: A significant Kapampangan-speaking minority also exists in Cagayan de Oro , Davao City and South Cotabato , specifically in General Santos and the municipalities of Polomolok and Tupi . According to the 2000 Philippine census, 2,312,870 people (out of the total population of 76,332,470) spoke Kapampangan as their native language. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the eighth leading language spoken at home in

504-511: A wave of prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Southern China via Taiwan between 10 and 6 thousand years ago. The word Pangasinan means 'land of salt' or 'place of salt-making'; it is derived from the root word asin , the word for 'salt' in Pangasinan. Pangasinan could also refer to a 'container of salt or salted products'; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents. Written Pangasinan and oral literature in

560-476: Is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The other Pangasinic languages are: Pangasinan is the official language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf . The people of Pangasinan are also referred to as Pangasinense. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 2 million speak Pangasinan. As of 2020, Pangasinan

616-423: Is located 58 kilometres (36 mi) north of Central Luzon 's regional center San Fernando, Pampanga , and 124 kilometres (77 mi) north of Manila. Tarlac City is approximately 24 metres (79 ft) above sea level on some parts but reaching even 50 metres (160 ft) on large western portions. Tarlac City was historically a part of what is now Porac, Pampanga . Parts of Tarlac City are claimed to be among

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672-867: Is not permissible as coda; it can only occur as onset. Even as an onset, the glottal stop disappears in affixation. Glottal stop /ʔ/ sometimes occurs in coda in words ending in vowels, only before a pause. Like other Malayo-Polynesian languages , Pangasinan has a verb–subject–object word order. Pangasinan is an agglutinative language. Benton (1971) lists a number of affixes for nouns. Benton describes affixes in Pangasinan as either "nominal" (affixes attached directly to nouns) and " nominalizing " (affixes which turn other parts of speech into nouns). Benton also describes "non-productive affixes", affixes which are not normally applied to nouns, and only found as part of other pre-existing words. Many of these non-productive affixes are found within words derived from Spanish . Modern Pangasinan consists of 27 letters, which include

728-659: Is one of the Central Luzon languages of the Austronesian language family . Its closest relatives are the Sambalic languages of Zambales province and the Bolinao language spoken in the towns of Bolinao and Anda in Pangasinan . These languages share the same reflex /j/ of the proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R. Kapampangan mistakenly sounds like a distant Tagalog dialect at first sight to

784-407: Is only located in word-initial positions and after consonants & [ ɾ ] is only pronounced between vowels. Before consonants and word-final positions, [ ɾ ] is in free variation with trill [r]. In Spanish loanwords, [d] and [ ɾ ] contrast in all word positions. All consonantal phonemes except /h, ʔ/ may be a syllable onset or coda . The phoneme /h/ rarely occurs in coda position. Although

840-641: Is preserved in some western dialects. Proto-Philippine *tanəm is tanam ('to plant') in Kapampangan, compared with Tagalog tanim , Cebuano tanom and Ilocano tanem ('grave'). Proto-Philippine *R merged with /j/ . The Kapampangan word for 'new' is bayu ; it is bago in Tagalog, baro in Ilocano, and baru in Indonesian. Kapampangan is a VSO or Verb-Subject-Object language. However,

896-1042: Is ranked tenth on the leading languages generally spoken at home in the Philippines with only 334,759 households still speaking the language. Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in the neighboring provinces of Benguet , La Union , Nueva Ecija , Tarlac , Zambales , and Nueva Vizcaya , and has varying speakers in Metro Manila , Cagayan , Isabela , Bulacan , Bataan , Aurora , Quezon , Cavite , Laguna , Mindoro , Palawan and Mindanao especially in Soccsksargen , Davao Region , Caraga , Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental . Austronesian speakers settled in Maritime Southeast Asia during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of Pangasinan are descendants of these settlers, who were probably part of

952-451: Is the dew So sweet is my dream Suddenly I awake Because of your beauty You are the only one I will love Best of all, my life When it's you that I see All are wiped away The sorrows that I bear When I remember Of your sweet kindness I will not forget you Until life is gone List of numbers from one to ten in English , Tagalog and Pangasinan Cardinal numbers: Ordinal numbers: Ordinal numbers are formed with

1008-477: Is what we do'). Ini is always concrete: ining libru ('this book'), ini ing asu nang Juan ('this is Juan's dog'). In their locative forms, keni is used when the person spoken to is not near the subject spoken of; keti is used when the person spoken to is near the subject spoken of. Two people in the same country will refer to their country as keti , but will refer to their respective towns as keni ; both mean 'here'. The plural forms of

1064-727: The Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Pangasinan is similar to other closely related Philippine languages , Malay in Malaysia (as Malaysian ), Indonesia (as Indonesian ), Brunei , and Singapore , Hawaiian in Hawaii and Malagasy in Madagascar . The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet , located north of Pangasinan. Pangasinan

1120-561: The Spanish colonial period. Pangasinan literature , using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American colonial period. Pangasinan acquired many Spanish and English words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived. Most of

1176-459: The grammatical antecedent , is present. The pronouns ya and la have special forms when they are used in conjunction with the words ati ('there is/are') and ala ('there is/are not'). Both ati yu and ati ya are correct. The plural form ('they are') is atilu and atila . Both ala la and ala lu are correct in the plural form. The singular forms are ala ya and ala yu . Kapampangan pronouns follow

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1232-575: The 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet and the Pangasinan digraph ng : The ancient people of Pangasinan used an indigenous writing system called Kuritan. The ancient Pangasinan script, which is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script, was derived from the Javanese Kawi script of Indonesia and the Vatteluttu or Pallava script of South India . The Latin script was introduced during

1288-645: The Ecumenical Christian College. The Malatarlak Festival, celebrated every January in Tarlac City, is one of the most remarkable festivals in the province. In 2011, the City Mayor then changed the name of the festival to Melting Pot Festival, but it is still remembered by its former name. The festival is a commemoration to the first people who built civilization in the province, the Aetas. The names and themes of

1344-692: The Pangasinans, Ilocanos, and Tagalogs speak Kapampangan as first language. According to statistics compiled by the Philippine government, the most dominant religion in the city is Christianity. The majority of Christians are Roman Catholics followed by a large concentration of Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ). Other Christian groups belong to various Protestant denominations. There are some being non-Christian such as Muslims, etc. Poverty incidence of Tarlac City Source: Philippine Statistics Authority There are several shopping malls established within

1400-607: The Philippines with only 639,687 households still speaking the language. Standard Kapampangan has 21 phonemes : 15 consonants and five vowels ; some western dialects have six vowels. Syllabic structure is relatively simple; each syllable contains at least one consonant and a vowel. Standard Kapampangan has five vowel phonemes: There are four main diphthongs : /aɪ/ , /oɪ/ , /aʊ/ , and /iʊ/ . In most dialects (including standard Kapampangan), /aɪ/ and /aʊ/ are reduced to /ɛ/ and /o/ respectively. Monophthongs have allophones in unstressed and syllable-final positions: In

1456-458: The Spanish word reloj 'clock' would have been heard as [re.loh] , the final /h/ is dropped resulting in /re.lo/ . However, this word also may have entered the Pangasinan lexicon at early enough a time that the word was still pronounced /re.loʒ/ , with the j pronounced as in French , resulting in /re.los/ in Pangasinan. As a result, both /re.lo/ and /re.los/ occur. The glottal stop /ʔ/

1512-473: The absolutive case, and the row headings denote the ergative case . Kapampangan's demonstrative pronouns differ from other Philippine languages by having separate forms for singular and plural. The demonstrative pronouns ini and iti (and their respective forms) both mean 'this', but each has distinct uses. Iti usually refers to something abstract, but may also refer to concrete nouns: iting musika ('this music'), iti ing gagawan mi ('this

1568-589: The actor of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. Ergative or genitive markers mark the object (usually indefinite) of an intransitive verb and the actor of a transitive one. It also marks possession. Oblique markers, similar to prepositions in English, mark (for example) location and direction. Noun markers are divided into two classes: names of people (personal) and everything else (common). Examples: Kapampangan pronouns are categorized by case: absolutive, ergative, and oblique. Genitive pronouns follow

1624-508: The area. The Kapampangan language , which is the language of Pampanga , became the native language of this town. Roads and barrios were built over the following decades through hard work of its residents. Following the foundation of the province of Tarlac in 1872, Tarlac was designated as the capital of the new province. On June 21, 1969, President Ferdinand Marcos signed and approved the Republic Act 5907, converting this municipality into

1680-557: The capital of the province. The 3 expressways serves as an alternate route for motorists going to the other parts of Northern Luzon area such as Cagayan Valley , Aurora , Nueva Ecija , Pangasinan , La Union and Baguio while in the Marcos Highway via TPLEX and Kennon Road from McArthur Highway. Kapampangan language Kapampangan is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code pam , but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code. Kapampangan

1736-462: The chart of Kapampangan consonants, all stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions, including the beginning of a word. Unlike other languages of the Philippines but similar to Ilocano , Kapampangan uses /h/ only in words of foreign origin. Stress is phonemic in Kapampangan. Primary stress occurs on the last or the next-to-last syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress, except when stress occurs at

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1792-403: The city include Pangasinan Solid North Transit, Inc. , Dagupan Bus Company , Philippine Rabbit , Victory Liner , Five Star , First North Luzon Transit , Luzon Cisco Transport, Genesis, Santrans, Viron Transit , Partas , and many others. Many of the bus companies' rest stops can be found along MacArthur Highway including Siesta and Motorway. The MacArthur Highway goes from the southern to

1848-1066: The city. To name a few, there is the SM City Tarlac , which is the first SM Supermall in the Tarlac Province, located along McArthur Highway in San Roque; Plaza Luisita Mall, which is the first shopping center in Central Luzon (now Robinsons Luisita); the Magic Star Mall along Romulo Blvd. in Barangay Cut-cut; My MetroTown Mall in Barangay Sto Cristo; Palm Plaza Mall located along McArthur Highway corner F. Tanedo St. Barangay Matatalaib; CityWalk also located in Barangay San Roque and CityMall located in Barangay San Rafael. As

1904-614: The educational center of Tarlac, Tarlac City houses the main campus of Tarlac State University , as well as other higher educational institutions. The Tarlac City Schools Division of the Department of Education operates 87 elementary schools and 13 high schools as of 2013. Some private schools in Tarlac City are the Don Bosco Technical Institute , College of the Holy Spirit , Tarlac Montessori School , Kian Tiak School, and

1960-606: The eight major languages of the Philippines . It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pangasinan and northern Tarlac , on the northern part of Luzon 's central plains geographic region, most of whom belong to the Pangasinan ethnic group. Pangasinan is also spoken in southwestern La Union , as well as in the municipalities of Benguet , Nueva Vizcaya , Nueva Ecija , and Zambales that border Pangasinan. A few Aeta groups and most Sambal in Central Luzon's northern part also understand and even speak Pangasinan as well. The Pangasinan language belongs to

2016-403: The end of a word. Stress shift can occur, shifting to the right or left to differentiate between nominal or verbal use (as in the following examples): Stress shift can also occur when one word is derived from another through affixation; again, stress can shift to the right or the left: In Kapampangan, the proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə merged to /a/ in most dialects of Kapampangan; it

2072-417: The ergative-case ning ; non-subject patients are marked with the accusative-case -ng , which is cliticized onto the preceding word. DIR:direct case morpheme S‹um›ulat   ‹ AT ›will.write yang ya =ng 3SG . DIR = ACC poesia   poem ing   DIR Pangasinan language Pangasinan ( Pangasinense ) is an Austronesian language , and one of

2128-516: The festivals in Tarlac City have changed over the years depending on the city's leadership. For the current administration (since July 2016), the local fiesta or festival has been called Kaisa Festival derived from the word magkaisa (to unite). Tarlac City is the usual bus stop for commuters traveling from the South to the Ilocos Region and Cordillera provinces . Bus companies that take a route through

2184-404: The few portions of land in the province which was not created by ancient eruptions from Mount Pinatubo . Tarlac City is politically subdivided into 76 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, the population of Tarlac City was 385,398 people, with a density of 1,400 inhabitants per square kilometre or 3,600 inhabitants per square mile. Being at

2240-560: The language flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejía and María C. Magsano wrote and published in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinan officer of the Katipunan, wrote Sipi Awaray: Gelew Diad Pilipinas ( Revolución Filipina ) , a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote Impanbilay na Manoc

2296-452: The language: Arte de la lengua Pampanga (first published in 1729) and Vocabulario de la lengua Pampanga (first published in 1732). Kapampangan produced two 19th-century literary giants; Anselmo Fajardo  [ pam ; tl ] was noted for Gonzalo de Córdova and Comedia Heróica de la Conquista de Granada , and playwright Juan Crisóstomo Soto  [ pam ; tl ; nl ] wrote Alang Dios in 1901. "Crissotan"

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2352-1238: The loan words in Pangasinan are Spanish , as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years. Examples are lugar ('place'), podir (from poder , 'power, care'), kontra (from contra , 'against'), birdi ( verde , 'green'), ispiritu ( espíritu , 'spirit'), and santo ('holy, saint'). Malinac ya Labi (original by Julian Velasco). Malinac ya Labi Oras ya mareen Mapalpalnay dagem Katekep to’y linaew Samit day kogip ko Binangonan kon tampol Ta pilit na pusok ya sika'y amamayoen Lalo la no bilay No sikalay nanengneng Napunas ya ami'y Ermen ya akbibiten No nodnonoten ko ra'y samit na ogalim Agtaka nalingwanan Anggad kaayos na bilay Modern Pangasinan with English translation Malinak lay Labi Oras la’y mareen Mapalpalna’y dagem Katekep to’y linaew Samit da’y kugip ko Binangonan kon tampol Lapu’d say limgas mo Sikan sika’y amamayoen Lalo la bilay No sika la’y nanengne'ng Napunas lan amin So ermen ya akbibiten No nanonotan Ko la'y samit day ugalim Ag ta ka nalingwanan Angga’d kauyos na bilay A night of calm An hour of peace A gentle breeze Along with it

2408-424: The meeting point of both Kapampangan and Pangasinan languages, cultures, and ethnicities, both languages are predominantly spoken in the city and environs. Ilocano and Tagalog are also used, especially those with Ilocano and/or Tagalog ethnicity/ancestry, respectively, with the latter language also serving as a medium for inter-ethnic communications. As the majority of the residents are Kapampangans, most of

2464-494: The northern end of the city. There are a series of roads leading to Zambales and Pangasinan as well as Baguio . Most buses passing through the town of Camiling onwards to Pangasinan usually take the Romulo Highway which forks from MacArthur Highway along Barangay San Roque. Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx) connects with Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway (TPLEx) and Central Luzon Link Expressway (CLLEx) within

2520-424: The open-mid variants [ɛ]/[ɔ] occur in open and closed final syllables before a pause. The default variants [ɪ]/[ʊ] occur in all other environments. Some speakers have /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ as distinct phonemes, but only in loanwords. Pangasinan is one of the Philippine languages that do not exhibit [ ɾ ]-[d] allophony, they only contrast before consonants and word-final positions; otherwise, they become allophones where [d]

2576-409: The prefix kuma- ( ka- plus infix -um ). Example: kumadua , 'second'. Associative numbers: Associative numbers are formed with the prefix ka- . Example: katlo , 'third of a group of three'. Fractions: Fraction numbers are formed with the prefix ka- and an associative number. Example: kakatlo , 'third part'. Multiplicatives: Multiplicative ordinal numbers are formed with

2632-554: The prefix pi- and a cardinal number from two to four or pin- for other numbers except for number one. Example: kaisa , 'first time'; pidua , 'second time'; pinlima , 'fifth time'. Multiplicative cardinal numbers are formed with the prefix man- ( mami- or mamin- for present or future tense, and ami- or amin- for the past tense) to the corresponding multiplicative ordinal number. Example: aminsan , 'once'; amidua , 'twice'; mamitlo , 'thrice'. Distributives: Distributive cardinal numbers are formed with

2688-573: The print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, public facilities and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of Pangasinan Misplaced Pages was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication on the Internet. Pangasinan has the following vowel phonemes: In native vocabulary, /i/ and /u/ are realized as [i ~ ɪ ~ ɛ] and [u ~ ʊ ~ ɔ]. The close variants [i]/[u] are only used in stressed open syllables, while

2744-531: The province. Tarlac's first settlers came from Bacolor , Pampanga . They cleared the area, fertilised the soil, and then established their settlement here in 1788. Tarlac's name is a Hispanized derivation from a talahib weed called tarlak , an Aeta term. The area around the current capital city was described as matarlak or malatarlak , a word meaning "abundant with tarlak grass." This small community of settlers experienced rapid population growth, as settlers from Bataan , Pampanga and Zambales moved into

2800-813: The same time', Mikakapapagsisiluguranan , 'everyone loves each other', Makapagkapampangan , 'can speak Kapampangan', and Mengapangaibuganan , 'until to fall in love'. Long words frequently occur in normal Kapampangan. Kapampangan nouns are not inflected , but are usually preceded by case markers . There are three types of case markers: absolutive ( nominative ), ergative ( genitive ), and oblique . Unlike English and Spanish (which are nominative–accusative languages ) and Inuit and Basque (which are ergative–absolutive languages ), Kapampangan has Austronesian alignment (in common with most Philippine languages). Austronesian alignment may work with nominative (and absolutive) or ergative (and absolutive) markers and pronouns. Absolutive or nominative markers mark

2856-544: The unfamiliar, but both languages are distantly related, as Tagalog is a Central Philippine language . Kapampangan is derived from the root word pampáng ('riverbank'). The language was historically spoken in the Kingdom of Tondo , ruled by the Lakans . A number of Kapampangan dictionaries and grammar books were written during the Spanish colonial period . Diego Bergaño  [ pam ] wrote two 18th-century books about

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2912-401: The verbs change according to triggers in the sentence (better known as voices). Kapampangan has five voices: agent, patient, goal, locative, and cirumstantial. The circumstantial voice prefix is used for instrument and benefactee subjects. The direct case morphemes in Kapampangan are ing (which marks singular subjects) and reng , for plural subjects. Non-subject agents are marked with

2968-811: The word order can be very flexible and change to VOS ( Verb-Object-Subject ) and SVO ( Subject-Verb-Object ). Just like other Austronesian languages, Kapampangan is also an agglutinative language where new words are formed by adding affixes onto a root word (affixation) and the repetition of words, or portions of words (reduplication), (for example: anak ('child') to ának-ának ('children')). Root words are frequently derived from other words by means of prefixes, infixes, suffixes and circumfixes. (For example: kan ('food') to kanan ('to eat') to ' kakanan ('eating') to kakananan ('being eaten')). Kapampangan can form long words through extensive use of affixes, for example: Mikakapapagbabalabalangingiananangananan , 'a group of people having their noses bleed at

3024-401: The word they modify. Oblique pronouns can replace the genitive pronoun, but precede the word they modify. The dual pronoun ikata and the inclusive pronoun ikatamu refer to the first and second person. The exclusive pronoun ikamí refers to the first and third persons. Kapampangan differs from many Philippine languages in requiring the pronoun even if the noun it represents, or

3080-463: Was signed by President Fidel V. Ramos , making Tarlac as the component city of the province of Tarlac . On April 18, 1998, its residents approved the conversion of the municipality into a city. Tarlac was proclaimed as the component city by COMELEC on the next day, on April 19, 1998. On October 27, 2005, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the Proclamation No. 940, making Tarlac City into

3136-705: Was written by Amado Yuzon , Soto's 1950s contemporary and Nobel Prize nominee for peace and literature, to immortalize his contribution to Kapampangan literature. Kapampangan is predominantly spoken in the province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac ( Bamban , Capas , Concepcion , San Jose , Gerona , La Paz , Victoria and Tarlac City ). It is also spoken in border communities of the provinces of Bataan ( Dinalupihan , Hermosa and Orani ), Bulacan ( Baliuag , San Miguel , San Ildefonso , Hagonoy , Plaridel , Pulilan and Calumpit ), Nueva Ecija ( Cabiao , San Antonio , San Isidro , Gapan and Cabanatuan ) and Zambales ( Olongapo City and Subic ). In Mindanao,

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