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33-532: Bolinao , officially the Municipality of Bolinao ( Bolinao : Babali nin Bolinao; Pangasinan : Baley na Bolinao ; Ilocano : Ili ti Bolinao ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Bolinao ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pangasinan , Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 103,371,293 people. Sea urchins are regularly harvested at Isla Silaki, Bolinao. The town, aside from being

66-521: A fishing domain, is also a heritage site in the Philippines, possessing an olden church surrounded by heritage houses. The town is also the location of the cave where the gold-teeth Bolinao Skulls with fish scale designs were found. Scholars have been pushing for the addition of the town's cultural landscape into the UNESCO World Heritage List . Folk etymology attributes the name "Bolinao",

99-428: A habitat for mobile benthic organisms. These biotic reef types take on additional names depending upon how the reef lies in relation to the land, if any. Reef types include fringing reefs , barrier reefs , and atolls . A fringing reef is a reef that is attached to an island. Whereas, a barrier reef forms a calcareous barrier around an island, resulting in a lagoon between the shore and the reef. Conversely, an atoll

132-669: A population of just over a hundred families. It is said that Captain Pedro Lombi founded the town of Bolinao in 1575. A decade later, Dominican Friar Esteban Marin became the first Spanish missionary to evangelize the people of Bolinao. For two years, he worked in Bolinao before he was assigned as prior in Batac, Ilocos Norte. The Dominicans ended their service in 1607 to be replaced by the Augustinian Recollects headed by Fr. Jeronimo de Cristo and Dr. Andres del Espiritu Santo. At this time,

165-567: A remote fishing enclave, from the fish specie "monamon" commonly called "bolinao" by the Tagalogs, Bicolanos and the Visayans. A theory also points out that once upon a time "pamulinawen" trees grew luxuriantly along its shores, thus, the Ilocano migrants who crossed Lingayen Gulf named it phonetically similar to the name of the tree in their language. Nowadays, however, such tree does not exist in abundance in

198-652: A skeletal framework. A microbial mound might be built exclusively or primarily by cyanobacteria . Examples of biostromes formed by cyanobacteria occur in the Great Salt Lake in Utah , United States, and in Shark Bay on the coast of Western Australia . Cyanobacteria do not have skeletons, and individual organisms are microscopic. However, they can encourage the precipitation or accumulation of calcium carbonate to produce distinct sediment bodies in composition that have relief on

231-470: Is a ring reef with no land present. The reef front, facing the ocean, is a high energy locale. Whereas, the internal lagoon will be at a lower energy with fine grained sediments. Both mounds and reefs are considered to be varieties of organosedimentary buildups, which are sedimentary features, built by the interaction of organisms and their environment. These interactions have a synoptic relief and whose biotic composition differs from that found on and beneath

264-470: Is a skull dated between the 14th and 15th centuries A.D. recovered in the Balingasay archeological site in Bolinao. The Bolinao Skull is the most well known artifact from the site, noted for the intricate gold ornamentation formed in the shape of scales on the surfaces of its teeth. However, 67 other skulls containing teeth with less extensive gold ornamentation were also found at the Balingasay site. The skull

297-401: Is a term used for the name of the town, the people, and the language. The Bolinao people generally speak Pangasinan, Ilocano, Tagalog, and their own unique native language called Bolinao, which is also used in the nearby town of Anda, a former barangay of Bolinao. The Bolinao language is closely related to Sambal , both are Sambalic languages . Bolinao was part of the province of Zambales from

330-655: Is now displayed within the National Museum of Anthropology in Manila . This year's construction of the PHP1.95 billion 600 linear meter bridge, approaches and access roads will connect Santiago Island 's Barangay Salud to Barangay Luciente 2nd, Bolinao. Municipal Administrator Blesilda Ramirez explained it takes 20 minutes travel time from Barangay Binabalian to Picucubuan Port, Luciente 1st, Bolinao. Department of Public Works and Highways Ilocos Region Director Engineer Ronnel Tan said

363-546: Is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel. Bolinao has five vowels. They are: There are six main diphthongs : /aɪ/ , /əɪ/ , /oɪ/ , /uɪ/ , /aʊ/ , and /iʊ/ . Below is a chart of Bolinao consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. A common proverb from Filipino hero Jose Rizal in English, "He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination,"

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396-530: Is translated into Bolinao, followed by the provincial language Pangasinan , the regional language Ilocano , and the original in Tagalog for comparison: Persons, Gary. (1978). Bolinao: A Preliminary Phonemic Statement . Summer Institute of Linguistics. This article about Philippine languages is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Reef A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral , or similar relatively stable material lying beneath

429-610: The Old Norse word rif, meaning "rib" or "reef". Rif comes from the Proto-Germanic term ribją meaning "rib". Reefs may be classified in terms of their origin, geographical location, depth, and topography . For example a tropical coral fringing reef, or a temperate rocky intertidal reef. A variety of biotic reef types exists, including oyster reefs and sponge reefs , but the most massive and widely distributed are tropical coral reefs . Although corals are major contributors to

462-469: The Rigs-to-Reefs program), scuttling ships , or by deploying rubble or construction debris . Other artificial reefs are purpose built (e.g. the reef balls ) from PVC or concrete. Shipwrecks become artificial reefs on the seafloor. Regardless of construction method, artificial reefs generally provide stable hard surfaces where algae and invertebrates such as barnacles , corals, and oysters attach;

495-520: The first Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday, at Limasawa in Southern Leyte. Memorial markers (donated by Italian priest Luigi Malamocco, 62, from Odorico's hometown of Friuli , Italy ) were set in the town's church and on Santiago Island, claiming that in 1324, Franciscan missionaries led by an Italian priest named Odorico celebrated a thanksgiving Mass thereat and also baptized natives. Bolinao Mayor Alfonso Celeste said

528-481: The adjacent unconsolidated surface with varying relief. They can be found in depth ranges from intertidal to deep water and provide a substrate for a large range of sessile benthic organisms, and shelter for a large range of mobile organisms. They are often located in sub-tropical, temperate, and sub-polar latitudes. Ancient reefs buried within stratigraphic sections are of considerable interest to geologists because they provide paleo-environmental information about

561-516: The area. An account narrates the arrival of Juan de Salcedo and his crew reached Bolinao and chanced upon a Chinese Sampan who captured a native chieftain. Salcedo and his men liberated the natives and the latter immediately pledged vassalage to the King of Spain. According to oral history, the town of Bolinao used to be a small settlement in what is now Barrio Binabalian in Santiago Island, then having

594-446: The bridge is expected to be completed in 2028. Bolinao is the northernmost town in the province, with many white-sand beaches. It is 81 kilometers (50 mi) from Lingayen and 287 kilometers (178 mi) from Manila . Bolinao is politically subdivided into 30 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . The barangays listed in italics indicate that they are located on Santiago Island. The word Bolinao

627-482: The framework and bulk material comprising a coral reef, the organisms most responsible for reef growth against the constant assault from ocean waves are calcareous algae, especially, although not entirely, coralline algae . Oyster larvae prefer to settle on adult oysters and thereby develop layers building upwards. These eventually form a fairly massive hard stony calcium carbonate structure on which other reef organisms like sponges and seaweeds can grow, and provide

660-596: The framework builders. The corals which build reefs today, the Scleractinia , arose after the Permian–Triassic extinction event that wiped out the earlier rugose corals (as well as many other groups). They became increasingly important reef builders throughout the Mesozoic Era. They may have arisen from a rugose coral ancestor. Rugose corals built their skeletons of calcite and have a different symmetry from that of

693-698: The local government will file damage suit against Indonesian owners of the barge APOL 3003. The University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute (UPMSI) stated that the environmental damage was P 54.9 million ($ 1 =- P 40). The barge towed by a tug boat from Indonesia to the power plant in Sual , Pangasinan on November 27 when Typhoon "Mina" winds destroyed its anchor and rope, then hurled to Ilog Malino reef , spilling 95% of its coal cargo. The hard coal spill spread to 330,000 square metres of coral and sea grass areas. The Bolinao Skull

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726-656: The location in Earth's history . In addition, reef structures within a sequence of sedimentary rocks provide a discontinuity which may serve as a trap or conduit for fossil fuels or mineralizing fluids to form petroleum or ore deposits . Corals, including some major extinct groups Rugosa and Tabulata , have been important reef builders through much of the Phanerozoic since the Ordovician Period. However, other organism groups, such as calcifying algae, especially members of

759-476: The mid-18th century before being turned over to Pangasinan in 1903. Most locals generally understand and speak English . The Mother Tongue Policy of the Department of Education is enforced in the elementary schools of these barangays to empower the native languages in town. Poverty incidence of Bolinao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Bolinao, belonging to the first congressional district of

792-488: The old town of Bolinao was still located along the coast of Pangasinan . Due to pirate attacks, the town was transferred to the mainland in 1609. Ilocano settlers from Paoay , Ilocos Norte moved & stayed in the town to increase the small population of the town. This town formerly included the neighboring towns of Alaminos , Bani , and Anda , but Alaminos and Anda became independent municipalities on 1744, March 18, 1769, and May 26, 1849 respectively. In 1903, Bolinao

825-661: The province of Pangasinan , is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022): List of former mayors of Bolinao: Public schools: Bolinao language Bolinao has 21 phonemes : 16 consonants and five vowels . Syllable structure

858-578: The red algae ( Rhodophyta ), and molluscs (especially the rudist bivalves during the Cretaceous Period) have created massive structures at various times. During the Cambrian Period, the conical or tubular skeletons of Archaeocyatha , an extinct group of uncertain affinities (possibly sponges), built reefs. Other groups, such as the Bryozoa, have been important interstitial organisms, living between

891-536: The result of an accident. These are sometimes designed to increase the physical complexity of featureless sand bottoms to attract a more diverse range of organisms . Reefs are often quite near to the surface, but not all definitions require this. Earth's largest coral reef system is the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, at a length of over 2,300 kilometres (1,400 miles). The word "reef" traces its origins back to

924-421: The rugosan corals (which disappeared in the late Permian). An artificial reef is a human-created underwater structure, typically built to promote marine life in areas with a generally featureless bottom, to control erosion, block ship passage, block the use of trawling nets, or improve surfing . Many reefs are built using objects that were built for other purposes, for example by sinking oil rigs (through

957-465: The scleractinian corals, whose skeletons are aragonite . However, there are some unusual examples of well-preserved aragonitic rugose corals in the Late Permian . In addition, calcite has been reported in the initial post-larval calcification in a few scleractinian corals. Nevertheless, scleractinian corals (which arose in the middle Triassic) may have arisen from a non-calcifying ancestor independent of

990-850: The seafloor. Cyanobacterial mounds were most abundant before the evolution of shelly macroscopic organisms, but they still exist today. Stromatolites , for instance, are microbial mounds with a laminated internal structure. Whereas, bryozoans and crinoids , common contributors to marine sediments during the Mississippian period , produce a different kind of mound. Although bryozoans are small and crinoid skeletons disintegrate, bryozoan and crinoid meadows can persist over time and produce compositionally distinct bodies of sediment with depositional relief. The Proterozoic Belt Supergroup contains evidence of possible microbial mat and dome structures similar to stromatolite and chicken reef complexes. Rocky reefs are underwater outcrops of rock projecting above

1023-438: The surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic (non-living) processes such as deposition of sand or wave erosion planning down rock outcrops. However, reefs such as the coral reefs of tropical waters are formed by biotic (living) processes, dominated by corals and coralline algae . Artificial reefs , such as shipwrecks and other man-made underwater structures, may occur intentionally or as

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1056-431: The surrounding sea floor . However, reefs are held up by a macroscopic skeletal framework, as what is seen on coral reefs. Corals and calcareous algae grow on top of one another, forming a three-dimensional framework that is modified in various ways by other organisms and inorganic processes. Conversely, mounds lack a macroscopic skeletal framework. Instead, they are built by microorganisms or by organisms that also lack

1089-503: Was separated from Zambales and was annexed to Pangasinan by virtue of Act No. 1004. Japanese forces landed and occupied Bolinao in December 1941 and established a military garrison. A joint military force of American, Australian and Philippine Commonwealth troops, including local resistance fighters, liberated Bolinao in January 1945. On November 18, 2007, Bolinao challenged the belief that

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