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123-603: Porthill is an unincorporated community in Boundary County , Idaho , United States , located at the Canada–United States border into British Columbia . It is one of only three Ports of entry for Idaho into Canada. (#3308) It is named for founder Charles Plummer Hill, as is Hillcrest Mines, now part of the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, Alberta. The north-flowing Kootenai River is just west of Porthill. In 1860,

246-648: A census-designated place (CDP). A CDP is an area defined by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. It is a populated area that generally includes one officially designated but currently unincorporated community for which the CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions, and occasionally other smaller unincorporated communities as well. Otherwise, it has no legal status. The Census Bureau designates some unincorporated areas as "unorganized territories", as defined by

369-424: A county island is surrounded on most or all sides by municipalities. In areas of sparse population, the majority of the land in any given state may be unincorporated. Some states, including North Carolina , grant extraterritorial jurisdiction to cities and towns (but rarely villages) so that they may control zoning for a limited distance into adjacent unincorporated areas, often as a precursor (and sometimes as

492-585: A local services board in Ontario. In New Brunswick, where a significant population lives in a local service district , taxation and services may come directly from the province. The entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities ; the only exceptions are four military training areas . These are parts of the regions and do not form self-governing municipalities, but are rather governed by military offices ( újezdní úřad ), which are subordinate to

615-456: A "place or area with clustered or scattered buildings, and a permanent human population (city, settlement, town, village)." No legal boundaries exist, although a corresponding "civil" record may occur, the boundaries of which may or may not match the perceived populated place. Some nations have some exceptional unincorporated areas: Many countries, especially those with many centuries of history with multiple tiers of local government, do not use

738-406: A 10-month period, the mine shipped 175 carloads of concentrates. By 1919, the trucks had increased to 12, and the workforce reduced to 130. The community, named Klockmann, had a post office. During the 1920s, employee numbers gradually fell. The removal of the electric plant in 1929 indicated the mine had permanently closed. Unincorporated area An unincorporated area is a region that

861-477: A 1925 fire, was rebuilt the following year. In 1927, fire destroyed four million feet of lumber in the Winlaw yard. The 1928 spring flooding submerged the Winlaw sawmill burner. In 1933, the Winlaw mill recommenced after a four-year shutdown. In 1934, the box factory reopened after a similar closure. In 1937, a fire completely destroyed the Winlaw sawmill plant and some lumber. Monrad Wigen bought this land, erected

984-518: A Canadian customs station immediately north of the boundary to intercept steamboats and other river traffic sailing from Bonners Ferry to Kootenay Lake . Rykert was a customs officer, immigration inspector, gold commissioner's agent, and registrar of shipping. By 1890, Mike Driscoll was proprietor of the Palace hotel at what was then known as Rykert's custom-house. To Mr. & Mrs. Richard Wood, Ockinook residents, were born children in 1891 and 1892, before

1107-467: A Wynndel store 1947–1957. In 1948, a fire completely destroyed the community hall. The new building, opened in 1951, was the largest community hall in BC. An addition was installed on the side of the building in 1954. The St. Helen's Roman Catholic church building opened in 1948 and closed around 1964. The Church of God building held services 1952–1959. In 1961, a new two-room building was erected for grades 4–6,

1230-618: A boundary cairn was erected on the east bank of the Kootenai River . The former US name was Ockonook, meaning "a grassy hillside with rocks." Around 1871, David McLoughlin and family relocated south from the Kootenay Flats to Ockonook, where he built a log house, which also served as a trading post and a hostel for prospectors traveling downstream. In 1878, prospector George Wallace Hall preempted 320 acres (129 ha) in today's Lister, British Columbia . In 1883, John C. Rykert established

1353-622: A council of their own, usually an Ortsvorsteher or Ortsvorsteherin (village chairman / chairwoman) is appointed by the municipal council, except in the very smallest villages. In 2000, the number of unincorporated areas in Germany, called gemeindefreie Gebiete (municipality-free areas) or singular gemeindefreies Gebiet , was 295 with a total area of 4,890 km (1,890 sq mi) and around 1.4% of its territory. However, these are mostly unpopulated areas such as forests, lakes and their surroundings, military training areas, and

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1476-492: A descriptive name, followed by the designation "unorganized territory". Unorganized territories were first used for statistical purposes in conjunction with the 1960 census. At the 2000 census there were 305 of these territories within the United States. Their total land area was 85,392 square miles (221,165 km ) and they had a total population of 247,331. South Dakota had the most unorganized territories, 102, as well as

1599-453: A few other unique cases, almost all of Australia is part of an LGA. Unincorporated areas are often in remote locations, cover vast areas, or have very small populations. Postal addresses in unincorporated areas, as in other parts of Australia, normally use the suburb or locality names gazetted by the relevant state or territorial government. Thus, any ambiguity regarding addresses rarely exists in unincorporated areas. In Canada, depending on

1722-594: A fire destroyed the Wynndel Mercantile store and contents, before crossing the lane to the station. The rebuilt store opened the following month. In 1925, the St Paul's United church building opened and the new community hall the following year. In 1927, the Butterfield store experienced a series of robberies, and dancers welcomed the installation of a new floor in the old schoolhouse. In 1929, Butterfield installed

1845-498: A fire started in a shack alongside the Whitney hotel. Destroyed were the Whitney and English hotels, their stables, the Ingram and Kelly general store and implement warehouse, the unoccupied Billings hotel, and a former poolroom/barbershop. Surviving were a barbershop, Spot's saloon, and the H.A. French general store/post office. With state prohibition imminent, only the Ingram and Kelly store

1968-506: A fish ladder at the Duck Creek culvert. In 1920, an extra gang replaced the track through Duck Creek with heavier steel. During the next year, Duck Creek became a scheduled regular stop, the catcher pouch was removed, and the rail yard held parked railway cars from the district. In 1923, CP enlarged the siding capacity. The next year, a fire spread to the station, destroying the building. A boxcar provided temporary storage space until

2091-463: A form of direct democracy, such as the open town meeting or representative town meeting . Larger towns in New England may be incorporated as cities, with some form of mayor-council government. In New Jersey, multiple types exist, as well, such as city , township , town , borough , or village , but these differences are in the structure of the legislative branches, not in the powers or functions of

2214-505: A gas pump at the store, then known as the Bon Marche. In 1930, the Mercantile installed Shell gas pumps and transitioned to trading as the "Y"(our) Cash Store. That year, a new community hall was erected, the previous one probably becoming the annex. In 1931, electric lighting was installed. Edward Butterfield died that year, and the general store closed a year or two later. In 1932,

2337-462: A hill above Porthill, the oldest burial site is for Louisa Sloop (wife of John), dated 1898. In addition to farming, resident J.E. Sloop was a merchant. In 1907, John Jacob Stitch bought part of the Sloop property. The IOOF chapter, which founded in 1901, bought an acre from Stitch in 1908 for a cemetery. The Roman Catholic Church later similarly purchased half an acre from him. On the lodge closure in 1972,

2460-403: A larger building, which was mainly for freight storage, opened in 1925. In 1927, CP renamed Duck Creek as Wynndel and Wynndel siding as Loasby. Clarence McLean Loasby was a longtime yardmaster at Sirdar. The stop was 10.3 kilometres (6.4 mi) northwest of Creston, and 9.7 kilometres (6.0 mi) southeast of Sirdar. Passenger service ended in 1964. The abandoned station was dismantled in

2583-462: A legal requirement) to later annexation of those areas. This is especially useful in rural counties that have no zoning at all, or only spot zoning for unincorporated communities. In California, all counties except the City and County of San Francisco have unincorporated areas. Even in highly populated counties, the unincorporated portions may contain a large number of inhabitants. In Los Angeles County ,

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2706-419: A lightning bolt ignited straw that destroyed the two-storey building containing 4,000 birds and the granary. In a period of expansion during the 1950s, growers produced a total of 1,500 tons of potatoes each season. In 1972, unable to survive financial losses, the fruit and potato packing plants closed. The dyking of the flats triggered a gradual switch to grain crops, which later yielded better returns than

2829-765: A new Hayes-Anderson coach in 1935, but the route details and period of operation are unclear. The parcel and freight delivery role of the Greyhound buses included the shipping of fresh fruit. In 1933, Wynndel connected to the West Kootenay Power & Light (WKP&L) transmission lines from the Goat River Dam opening that year. The next year, the water supply system from the Wynndel Irrigation District dam on Duck Creek commenced operation. By 1935, electricity powered 90 per cent of residences. In 1937,

2952-465: A new mill, and began operating the following year. In the early 1940s, a bandsaw replaced the circular saw . At that time, almost a hundred mills existed in the Kootenays. After the consolidations of the 1960s only three remained: Creston Sawmills, Wynndel Box, and Huscroft. In 1947, Monrad Wigen erected a new mill, opening the next year. During the 1950s, the company installed a new planer, converted

3075-517: A newspaper wrote Wyndell. For several years, the alternative spellings of Wynndel, Wyndel, Wyndell, and Wynndell remained in common usage. In pronunciation, locals emphasize the first syllable, whereas outsiders often prefer the second. During construction, the CP rail head passed northwestward toward Kuskonook in September 1898. The Wynndel vicinity was not a stop on the local service beginning that October or

3198-450: A part of an incorporated place, changes to another incorporated place, or disincorporates. For example, places in Kingwood, Texas , previously unincorporated, retained "Kingwood, TX" mailing addresses after the 1996 annexation of Kingwood into the city of Houston . The Houston city government stated on its website, "The U.S. Postal Service establishes ZIP codes and mailing addresses to maximize

3321-511: A place name is "acceptable" in a mailing address or not, as is the case with Lithia Springs, Georgia . ZIP Code boundaries often ignore political boundaries, so the appearance of a place name in a mailing address alone does not indicate whether the place is incorporated or unincorporated. Unincorporated areas with permanent populations in the United States are defined by the United States Geological Survey as "populated places",

3444-473: A population between 100 and 1,000 residents may have the status of designated place in Canadian census data. In some provinces, large tracts of undeveloped wilderness or rural country are unorganized areas that fall directly under the provincial jurisdiction. Some unincorporated settlements in such unorganized areas may have some types of municipal services provided to them by a quasigovernmental agency such as

3567-558: A strawberry growing centre. The next year, he cleared land for the first orchard. By 1905, the exceptional quality of Wigen's commercially grown strawberries had become established. By 1909, his cultivation of over 1 hectare (3 acres) was very profitable. He became known as the strawberry king. In 1913, the Co-Operative Fruit Growers of Wynndel was formed. That spring, nearly a thousand fruit trees were planted. One day that summer, 148 crates of strawberries were loaded onto

3690-465: A trading name. In 2016, Canfor purchased the business. Around 1897, brothers Paul and Fred Hagen, and O.J. Wigen opened the 13-bedroom Duck Creek Hotel, which operated until 1910, when Paul and Mathea Hagen bought out the other partners. Apart from occasional boarders, the building was then purely the Hagen family residence until around 1940. The structure was sold in the mid-1940s, dismantled, erected on

3813-422: Is a small group of islands that forms the easternmost part of Denmark. This small archipelago lies 20 kilometers northeast of Bornholm and is the only part of metropolitan Denmark which is not part of a municipality. The islands have been under military jurisdiction since 1685 when Denmark turned Christiansø into a naval base to in response to Sweden creating Karlskrona naval base a few years earlier. In 1926,

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3936-666: Is not governed by a local municipal corporation . There are many unincorporated communities and areas in the United States and Canada. In Argentina, the provinces of Chubut , Córdoba , Entre Ríos , Formosa , Neuquén , Río Negro , San Luis , Santa Cruz , Santiago del Estero , Tierra del Fuego , and Tucumán have areas that are outside any municipality or commune. Unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. A local government area (LGA) often contains several towns and even entire metropolitan areas. Thus, aside from very sparsely populated areas and

4059-501: Is one of the most populated places in Georgia but is served by a branch of the Atlanta post office. Only after the city was incorporated in 2005 was "Sandy Springs" approved for use in mailing addresses, though "Atlanta" remains the default name. Accordingly, "Atlanta" is the only accepted place name for mailing addresses in the nearby unincorporated town of Vinings , also served by a branch of

4182-581: Is subdivided into 393 municipalities which are further classified, normally by population, as city , local council , or regional council . All three types of municipality provide services including zoning and planning. However, a few unincorporated areas exist, whether because of omissions and ambiguities left in official maps dating from the British Mandate for Palestine , or due to deliberate policy of ensuring facilities of national importance, such as Ben Gurion Airport , Mikveh Israel boarding school, or

4305-529: Is the Longyearbyen Community Council in Svalbard, which since 2004 in reality acts partly like a Norwegian municipality. Svalbard has a governor appointed by the government of Norway, ruling the area. Jan Mayen has no population, only radio and weather stations with staff, whose manager has the responsibility for the activities. Bouvet Island has only occasional visitors. In local government in

4428-531: The BAZAN Group oil refineries, would not have their operation affected by local considerations. The largest unincorporated area in Israel is the so-called "Reservation area", a triangular region whose vertexes are Beersheba , Dimona and Arad , in which all Negev Bedouins were concentrated in the 1950s. As no municipal services are provided within unincorporated areas, this effectively makes all Bedouin settlements in

4551-724: The Fort Macleod one beginning that December. The building of the Bedlington & Nelson Railway (B&N), a Great Northern Railway subsidiary, faced opposition from CP. In July 1899, the Privy Council granted the B&;N running rights on CP track northwestward from the Wynndel junction. Reaching Lizard Creek (a tributary to Duck Creek west of the CP track) that month, the B&N rail head faced an attempt by CP to obtain an injunction, claiming

4674-499: The Goat River valley northeastward. By 1867, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) post of Little Fort Shepherd (Flatbow) had been established immediately south of Wynndel on the trail. This fort was abandoned around 1870. A claim that Wynndel was named after one of the early fruit-growers in the district is disputed, because no evidence indicates such a person existed. A more suspect theory is

4797-759: The Ktunaxa Nation have occupied the region from time immemorial. Tribal members would migrate north annually and set up camp on the Wynndel flats to harvest wild berries, hunt, and later graze cattle. While surveying the Dewdney Trail in 1865, the government expeditionary party crossed the Purcell Mountains via Duck Creek. The completed trail forded the Kootenay River about 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) west of today's Wynndel, travelled northeast and then southeast via present day Wynndel and Creston, before following

4920-590: The Ministry of Defence . Note: The Brdy Military Area was abandoned by the Army in 2015 and converted into a protected landscape area , with its area being incorporated either into existing municipalities or into newly established municipalities based on the existing settlements. The other four military training areas were reduced in size in 2015 too. The decisions on whether the settlements joined existing municipalities or formed new ones were made by plebiscites. Ertholmene ,

5043-716: The Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders (Southern IJsselmeerpolders Public Body). In 1984, the Landdrost became the first mayor of the new city Almere. Since that date, the Netherlands does not have any unincorporated land areas. The Openbaar Lichaam remained, however, only governing the water body of the Markermeer . After the municipal division of the Wadden Sea (1985), the territorial waters in

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5166-557: The Salmo –Creston highway over the Kootenay Pass rerouted the Greyhound buses, bypassing Wynndel and the east shore. By 1975, phone subscribers numbered 300, a significant increase over the eight in 1930. BC Transit operates a twice weekly service. Various incidents linked to the Freedomites : 1953: Bombing of nearby CP tracks. 1958: Arson of a residence. 1961: Dynamiting of

5289-596: The Sandpoint, Idaho railroad stop. In 1893, Albert K. Klockmann and John Manley bought the property, each holding a half interest in what became the Continental mine. By 1897, they planned a road to the Kootenay River for shipping ore by boat. In 1901, the mine was incorporated as the Idaho Continental Mining Co, and the wagon road to Porthill was completed. In 1902, 12 horse teams were hauling 12 tons per day to

5412-646: The United States Postal Service (USPS) (indeed, some have their own post offices), and the Census Bureau uses the names of some widely recognized unincorporated communities for its CDPs for which it tabulates census data. In some instances, unincorporated areas have a mailing address indicating the name of an incorporated city, as well as those where residents of one incorporated city have mailing addresses indicating another incorporated city. Mailing addresses do not necessarily change whether an area becomes

5535-637: The northeastern states . All of the land in New Jersey , Connecticut , Massachusetts , New York , and Rhode Island , and nearly all of the land in New Hampshire , Pennsylvania , and Vermont , is part of an incorporated area of some type. In these areas, types (and official names) of local government entities can vary. In New England (which includes five of those eight states, plus the less fully incorporated state of Maine ), local municipalities are known as towns or cities, and most towns are administered by

5658-660: The Atlanta post office, even though Vinings is in Cobb County and Atlanta is in Fulton and DeKalb counties. In contrast, neighboring Mableton has not been incorporated in nearly a century, but has its own post office and thus "Mableton" is the only acceptable place name for mailing addresses in the town. The areas of Dulah and Faria , California, which are unincorporated areas in Ventura County between Ventura and Carpinteria , have

5781-405: The B&N at Porthill. After a fatality in 1902 and 1903 from thawing dynamite, activity ceased at the mine. During these two years 1,200 tons of high-grade silver-lead ore had been shipped. In 1911, work began to reactivate the mine, which comprised 20 claims and a mile of underground workings. A concentrator and a power plant installed in 1913 cost $ 300,000. The 14-mile (23 km) access road

5904-404: The B&N began limited services. That November, the daily service to Kuskonook via the junction began. Assumedly, the connecting junction stations opened at this time. In February 1901, the court awarded Wigen $ 350 in damages against the B&N. That August, B&N's operations north of the junction were suspended. Soon, there was little activity north of Creston. Certainly by February 1904,

6027-506: The Burch store, operating 1969–1972. In 1972, Terry Davidge opened the Farmer's Market, selling out to Al Jackson the next year, who developed Wynndel Foods on the site. This has remained the only general store. In 1971, the unused teacherage was demolished. Completed for the 1975/76 school year were three classrooms, an office, a library, and auditorium, which replaced the former facilities. In 1981,

6150-535: The Canadian ones. In 1915, a new 100-ton ferry was installed for crossing the river at Porthill. In 1920, the Boundary county commissioners let a contract for the construction of a replacement ferry. Around the 1960s, a logging truck boarded the river-crossing ferry on the western shore. J.H. Huscoft Co. owned the ancient vehicle, which had hauled a load from the Selkirk Mountains via an access road which traversed

6273-521: The Corrie store at Wynndel. The next year, the St Patrick's Anglican church building opened. In 1937, the one-room high school opened at the far end of the school grounds, but operated for just over a year, before pupils transferred to the new Creston Valley High School. In 1949, the building was moved closer to the school, and was called the senior room. By 1937, Jas Brown worked as a mechanic, and by 1939,

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6396-470: The Creston highway was considered inferior to the highway south of the boundary. In 1922, J.C. Rykert retired as the border officer after 40 years continuous service. In 1920, less than 200 cars used the crossing, but in 1926 about 4,000 cars and 18,000 persons crossed. In 1928, a new road (present Highway 21) was built from Creston upon the abandoned K.V. Railway right-of-way, and a customs office doubled in size

6519-582: The Creston–Duck Creek high road was built. In 1912, the road was extended northwestward to Sirdar with a trail onward to Kuskanoook. In 1914, the Sirdar road work was finished. During 1915, the government phone wires had been strung from Creston on the existing CPL&T poles and on new poles to Sirdar, creating a Nelson–Creston link. After increasing by one phone in 1918 and 1919, residential subscribers totalled five. The initial subscribers were likely

6642-567: The North Sea (1991) and the IJsselmeer (1994), all water bodies are now also part of a municipality and no unincorporated areas exist in the Netherlands anymore. The Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders was dissolved in 1996. The New Zealand outlying islands are offshore island groups that are part of New Zealand. The Chatham Islands is the only island group among these that are populated and it has its own territorial authority . Most of

6765-648: The Porthill Community Cemetery Association, became the cemetery owner. During the construction of the Kootenai Valley/Bedlington & Nelson railways, Great Northern Railway (GN) subsidiaries, the prime construction contractor operated a hospital at Port Hill. In October 1899, the Bedlington depot was built and the rail head passed northward across the boundary in advancing from Bonners Ferry to Wynndel . Southward to Bonners Ferry opened, but northward did not open until late 1900. In

6888-602: The Porthill hotel, and C.J. McClure, the GN station agent, purchased the Barnes general store. At this time, Martin Peterson and H.S. French were also storekeepers. In 1911, the former Whitney hotel became a restaurant. The next year, Jim English reopened his hotel. Joe Stick was mayor during this period. In 1913, John T. Lingrell (Ingram?) and Mark F. Kelly purchased the J.W. Gardner store. In 1915,

7011-482: The U.S. Census Bureau where portions of counties are not included in any legally established minor civil division (MCD) or independent incorporated place. These occur in 10 MCD states: Arkansas , Indiana , Iowa , Louisiana , Maine , Minnesota , North Carolina , North Dakota , Ohio , and South Dakota . The census recognizes such separate pieces of territory as one or more separate county subdivisions for statistical purposes. It assigns each unorganized territory

7134-582: The US replaced its 1938 brick border station with the current wooden structure. A redesign of the road approach positioned the new facility in a different location, preserving the former building. In 2014, the old border station was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Boundary County, Idaho . A post office and tavern with gas bar exist at Porthill. US border post hours are identical to

7257-496: The United States , an unincorporated area generally refers to the part of a county that is outside any municipality. An unincorporated community is one general term for a geographic area having a common social identity without municipal organization or official political designation (i.e., incorporation as a city or town). The two main types of unincorporated communities are: Most states have granted some form of home rule , so that county commissions (or boards or councils) have

7380-559: The United States by Congress. Currently, the five major unincorporated U.S. insular areas are American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , Puerto Rico , and the U.S. Virgin Islands . Unincorporated insular areas can be ceded to another nation or be granted independence. The U.S. has one incorporated insular area, Palmyra Atoll . Incorporation is regarded as perpetual by the U.S. federal government; once incorporated,

7503-441: The Winlaw and Wigen mills were 30,000 and 15,000 feet respectively. During spring, logs were floated down the Goat River to the Winlaw mill pond. In 1923, a Winlaw mill worker sustained a crushed foot in machinery, requiring an amputation below the knee. The next year, Monrad Wigen set up his portable sawmill at Lizard Creek, and three million feet of lumber burned in the Winlaw yard fire. The Winlaw office building, destroyed in

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7626-528: The Wynndel Fire Department opened the firehall. The population, which was largely farmers, was about 125 by 1919, 150 by 1920, 325 by 1928, 396 by 1943, 550 by 1946, and 501 by 1951. In 1907, the Creston Power Light & Telephone Co (CPL&T) installed phone wires as far west as Duck Creek. Becoming operational in 1909, the line was extended 3 kilometres (2 mi). That year,

7749-406: The Wynndel Mercantile. In 1923, the co-op store doubled its retail space and erected an ice house to hold up to 50 tons of ice blocks cut locally. In 1924, the Butterfield store moved immediately west across the CP track, the co-op store closed, the Wynndel Mercantile acquired the inventory, the co-op building became warehouse storage, and an ice cream parlor was added to the store. Months later,

7872-484: The ZIP Code of 93001, which is assigned to the post office at 675 E. Santa Clara St. in Ventura; thus, all mail to those two areas is addressed to Ventura. If an unincorporated area becomes incorporated, it may be split among ZIP Codes, and its new name may be recognized as acceptable for use with some or all of them in mailing addresses, as has been the case in Johns Creek and Milton, Georgia . If an incorporated area disincorporates, though, this has no effect on whether

7995-466: The addition of an ice cream parlor. That year, the Wynndel Co-Operative Trading Co. opened, the other two general stores were burgled, and a teacherage was erected. For the 1921/22 school year, an empty Winlaw bunkhouse provided temporary accommodation for an additional school classroom until a new two-room school building opened for the following year. The old schoolhouse continued to be used for social events. From 1922 or 1923, Jas. W. Wood operated

8118-456: The area unrecognized , with the sole exception of those that were included from 2003 within the Abu Basma Regional Council . On 5 November 2012 that council was split into two new councils, Neve Midbar Regional Council and al-Kasom Regional Council . The Netherlands has had regular periods with unincorporated land when newly reclaimed land polders fall dry. Unincorporated land is since medieval times administered by an appointed officer with

8241-408: The border in September 1891 to settle just on the other side. The family built a log cabin across the river, which the 1894 spring flood reached, requiring towing to higher elevations as the waters rose. Consequently, the family relocated to Lister, part of which is known as Huscroft. Prior to Miss Agnes McKay becoming the inaugural government school teacher at Ockonook in 1895, David McLoughlin taught

8364-405: The boundary vicinity. The Bedlington & Nelson (B&N) stop immediately north of the boundary initially assumed this name but had been renamed Rykerts by 1904. Over time, the Bedlington name fell into general disuse. During the 1890s, provincial Constable Sloan was stationed at Rykerts, and beef drives from Alberta commonly came south into the US and north through Porthill. In the cemetery on

8487-410: The boundary. Positioned at the front of the ferry, the vehicle was in neutral with the motor running. The ferry pulling away from the shore jolted the empty cab, which jerked the shift into low gear. Slowly, the truck moved forward, forced down the front apron of the ferry, and plunged into the river, where the logs provided flotation. After the ferry pushed the load to the eastern shore, a bulldozer towed

8610-514: The business enterprises. From 1927, work on the Kuskanook–Gray Creek highway section continued. In summer 1931, this work was complete and the Fraser's Landing–Gray Creek Kootenay Lake Ferry auto route was inaugurated, improving the access to Nelson. Commencing that year, the Creston–Nelson Greyhound bus route followed the east shore. On at least one occasion, a Creston garage car ferried Greyhound passengers between Wynndel and Creston, because of adverse road conditions. Creston Bus Lines bought

8733-432: The city. The California Government Code allows cities to call themselves towns, if they wish, although the designation is purely cosmetic. In the context of the insular areas of the United States, the word "unincorporated" refers to territories in which the United States Congress has determined that only selected parts of the Constitution of the United States apply and which have not been formally incorporated into

8856-595: The co-op precooling plant capacity was enlarged from four to seven carloads. The berry harvest comprised 26 carloads of strawberries, 1 of raspberries, 2 of cherries, and 2 of raspberry/cherry mix, a 25 per cent increase over the 1934 crop total. During World War II , berry demand was high. About 15 tons of the 1939 crop went to the UK for making jam. In 1947, a large modern packing house was erected, with refrigeration capacity for 36,000 boxes of apples. The larger poultry farms were Abbott 1946–1961 and Thompson 1945–1967. In 1967,

8979-539: The company Shay locomotive with three cars ran out of control and derailed on the spur. Two crew members escaped, but the engineer died from a broken neck. In 1911, the three occupants of a horse-drawn sleigh traveling along the track escaped serious injury when struck by a train near the Yale-Columbia crossing. In December 1914, the final twice weekly mixed train ran north to Creston, and the Wynndel–Porthill track

9102-515: The concept of an unincorporated area. Wynndel Wynndel is an unincorporated community adjacent to Duck Creek, east of the Kootenay River , in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia . The locality, on BC Highway 3A , is by road about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Creston and 128 kilometres (80 mi) southeast of Nelson . The Lower Kootenay Band of

9225-667: The council of Municipal District or Specialized Municipality within their boundaries, or by the Minister of Municipal Affairs within the boundaries of an Improvement District. For example, were they incorporated, the urban service areas of Fort McMurray in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and Sherwood Park in Strathcona County would be the fifth- and sixth-largest cities in Alberta. Unincorporated settlements with

9348-487: The county government estimates the population of its unincorporated areas to exceed one million people. Despite having 88 incorporated cities and towns, including the state's most populous, 65% of the land in Los Angeles County is unincorporated, this mostly consisting of Angeles National Forest and sparsely populated regions to its north. In California, the state constitution recognizes only one kind of municipality,

9471-609: The county level. In mid-Atlantic states such as New York and Pennsylvania, a hybrid model that tries to balance the two approaches is prevalent, with differing allocations of power between municipalities and counties existing. Throughout the U.S., some large cities have annexed all surrounding unincorporated areas within their counties, creating what are known as consolidated city–county forms of government (e.g., Jacksonville, Florida , and Nashville, Tennessee ). In these cases, unincorporated areas continue to exist in other counties of their respective metropolitan areas. Conversely,

9594-412: The depot building, Duck Creek became a flag stop. In the new year, Duck Creek formally replaced Wynndel junction as the stop, and the unused station building was relocated to Duck Creek. The two places were 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) apart. The CP section crew was occasionally augmented by an extra gang. In 1915, CP installed a phone at the station and erected a new freight shed. In 1917, CP built

9717-423: The early 1980s. 1906: A train, which wrecked at a rock slide, fatally crushed a crew member. Months later, a train fatally struck a track walker. 1907: A brakeman died in a train accident. 1927: A freight train fatally dismembered an inebriated individual sleeping on the track. 1938: When a 13-car freight train derailed, two cars rolled down a 9-metre (30 ft) embankment and four cars lay zigzag across

9840-428: The efficiency of their system, not to recognize jurisdictional boundaries." The USPS is very conservative about recognizing new place names for use in mailing addresses and typically only does so when a place incorporates. The original place name associated with a ZIP Code is still maintained as the default place name, even though the name of the newly incorporated place is more accurate. As an example, Sandy Springs

9963-557: The entire area was declared protected cultural heritage. Population of less than 100. Statistics Denmark groups it with Bornholm in Landsdel Bornholm . Since Germany has no administrative level comparable to the townships of other countries, the vast majority of the country, close to 99%, is organized in municipalities ( German : Gemeinde , plural Gemeinden ), often consisting of multiple settlements that are not considered to be unincorporated. Because these settlements lack

10086-481: The entities themselves. On the opposite end of the spectrum is the Virginia "strong county" model. Virginia and other states with this model, such as Alabama , Maryland , and Tennessee , set strict requirements on incorporation or grant counties broad powers that in other states are carried out by cities, creating a disincentive to incorporate, and thus have large urbanized areas which have no municipal government below

10209-458: The fall. In 1914, the son of O.J. Wigen opened a mill, commonly called the Monrad Wigen sawmill and/or box factory. The next year, a large extension was added to the box factory building. During the spring high water, logs were towed to the bay and hauled by horses to the mill. In 1918, Wigen built a tramway to transport logs from the slough to the mill. Under construction since the prior year,

10332-538: The family moved to the Creston Valley in 1898. Major Joseph I. Barnes was the US inspector of customs until the end of Benjamin Harrison 's presidential term in 1893. That year, Barnes became the inaugural US postmaster at Ockonook. Charles Plummer Hill took over as the US customs officer, a position he held for 10 years. William Roger Huscroft and family rafted down the north-flowing Kootenai River to Ockonook, crossing

10455-433: The first Wynndel fall fair was held. In 1932, 19,775 crates of strawberries and 2,000 of raspberries were shipped. The next year, the co-op erected a new warehouse. In 1934, work began on the Wynndel end of the dyking project, finishing about six months later. At Wynndel, one part was 6 metres (20 ft) high, and Duck Creek was diverted. Drainage pipes also handled irrigation. The dyke stretched to Creston. Also in 1935,

10578-408: The first years, the soil is equivalent to quicksand . During the initial period of inhabitation, a special, government-appointed officer was installed, the landdrost . During the administrative office of a Landdrost , no municipal council forms. In 1975, the first homes in what is now the city of Almere were built, and from 1976 to 1984, the area was governed by the Landdrost as the executive of

10701-412: The flats, and destroyed by the 1948 flood. The earliest Caucasian births in the locality were in 1907, namely Beth Putnam (for parentage see #Notable people ) and then Olga Hagen. Edward Butterfield was the inaugural postmaster 1910–1931. In 1911, school commenced in a log bunkhouse. Officially recognized the next year, the building soon became overcrowded. In 1912, Winlaw provided a building for

10824-409: The former co-op store premises were renovated and the "Y" store, including ice cream parlor, relocated. E.S. Bailey headed the chain. In 1933, H. Cory replaced F. Menhinick as the Wynndel manager. Later that year, A. Corrie bought the Wynndel and Creston "Y" stores and traded as Corrie & Sons, and James Mitchell sold the auto repair garage to Fred Burrin and Eric Wood. In 1934, A.W. Burch bought

10947-446: The fruit co-op from founder O.J. Wigen. After storm damage the next year, many orchards were not replanted. In 1926, a 400-ton capacity ice house and dedicated railway siding were installed. The next year, a 24 by 9 metres (78 by 30 ft) precooling plant opened, comprising three precooling rooms. The facility processed three loaded iced cars daily. By 1928, 40 hectares (100 acres) of strawberries were harvested annually. In 1930,

11070-472: The garage was called Speedway Motors, a partnership with Neil Swain. Since the pair had a history of acquiring garages, it is likely they had bought the Burrin and Wood business. In 1940, Otto Rollag purchased the garage, which relocated to the highway in 1953. This B.A. gas station had a number of owners over the following decades. The abandoned building has been empty since the late 1980s. The Creston Co-op ran

11193-447: The highway was completed. In 2014-15, 270,085 travellers crossed at the port of entry. A new facility was built in 2017 to replace the previous building erected in 1972. In the April 2020 COVID-19 restrictions, Canada reduced the previous border hours of 8:00am to midnight (winter) and 7:00am to 11:00pm (summer). The current hours are daily from 7:00am to 7:00pm. In 1909, Geo. Price sold

11316-468: The hill to the south eliminated the need for chains. In summer during that decade, buses to Spokane could complete the Creston–Porthill route in 20 minutes. Creston Bus Lines provided a Creston–Porthill service at least for 1947–1953. By 1909, the Creston–Porthill highway was considered good. The next year, the wagon road from Erickson was upgraded for auto travel. During the 1910s, the condition of

11439-482: The honoring of a NWMP officer named Wynn, but no officer by that name ever served with the force. Even more spurious claims have been suggested. As a surname the spelling is rare, whereas Wyndell as a given name is more common. The latter, an early alternate spelling for the community, is still sometimes mistakenly used. In earlier train timetables, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) opted for Wynndell, but

11562-465: The interim, the latter portion continued to be worked by a steamer, including through the winter. The terminal for regular train service quickly cut back to Wynndel, then Creston. Certainly by February 1904, the three times weekly mixed train ran no farther north than Creston. In 1907, the Yale-Columbia Lumber Co. established a new lumber camp, accessed from a spur at Rykerts. The next year,

11685-487: The larger fruit packing sheds. At that time, news coverage adopted the name Wynndel for Duck Creek. The first year of local automobile ownership was 1917. In 1919, the clubhouse-packing shed received a concrete foundation, and Edward Butterfield's son Douglas entered into partnership to assume the store management. In 1920, Butterfield & Son enlarged the store, and D.J. Dewar opened the Wynndel Mercantile. The Butterfield renovations continued into 1921, which included

11808-521: The largest amount of land under that status: 39,785 square miles (103,042 km ), or 52.4% of the state's land area. North Dakota followed with 86 territories, 20,358 square miles (52,728 km ), or 29.5% of its land area. Maine was next with 36 territories, 14,052 square miles (36,396 km ), or 45.5% of its land area. Minnesota had 71 territories, 10,552 square miles (27,330 km ), or 13% of its land area. Several other states had small amounts of unorganized territory. The unorganized territory with

11931-445: The largest population was Camp Lejeune, North Carolina , a United States Marine Corps base with a census population of 34,452 inhabitants. In the 2010 census , unorganized territory areas were identified in nine U.S. states: Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Many unincorporated communities are also recognized as acceptable place names for use in mailing addresses by

12054-427: The largest unincorporated areas in Germany (including all inhabited areas, but excluding lakes) with an area of more than 50 km (19 sq mi): In Bavaria, there are other contiguous unincorporated areas covering an area of more than 50 km (19 sq mi) which are however composed of several adjacent unincorporated areas, each one of which is under 50 km in area. In Israel, almost all land

12177-778: The like. As of 31 December 2007 , Germany had 248 uninhabited unincorporated areas (of which 214 are located in Bavaria ), not belonging to any municipality, consisting mostly of forested areas, lakes, and larger rivers. Also, three inhabited unincorporated areas exist, all of which served as military training areas : Osterheide and Lohheide in Lower Saxony, and Gutsbezirk Münsingen in Baden-Württemberg . They have fewer than 2,000 inhabitants in total. Gutsbezirk Münsingen has become uninhabited after losing its inhabited parts to adjacent municipalities on 1 January 2011. The following shows

12300-404: The low road from Creston was completed, but the district road conditions varied from poor to passable. Today's Highway 3A, the rebuilt high road south, opened as a gravel road in 1950, and reconstruction north to Kuskanook was completed in 1954, both being paved soon after construction. A later Creston Bus Lines provided a Creston–Wynndel service at least for 1947–1953. The October 1963 opening of

12423-405: The more perishable produce. The Midland and Pacific grain elevator, completed in 1937, ceased operations by the 1980s, and was demolished in 2013. By the 1980s, only three commercial berry growers remained. Most of the orchards had disappeared. In 1909, J.J. Grady sawmill established a sawmill. In May 1911, Murphy Bros. bought the 30,000-foot-daily capacity mill but resold to J.B. Winlaw in

12546-458: The name Landdrost or Drossaart . Also, Elten and Tudderen , both annexed from Germany after World War II , were governed by a Landdrost until they were ceded back to Germany in 1963. The most recent period with unincorporated land started in 1967, when the dyke around Southern Flevoland was closed, but several years are required before the polder is genuinely accessible for cultivation, and construction of roads and homes can start, as in

12669-519: The new Winlaw sawmill opened in 1919. That year, the Wynndel box factory (Monrad Wigen) made over 100,000 crates, and the mill boarding house opened. In 1920, both mills ran at capacity, the Winlaw bunkhouse was extended, and Wigen installed an overhead sprinkler at his mill, which minimized damage during a fire months later. The Homeseeker's, Washum and Stokes, and the Russian were smaller mills briefly operating around this time. The daily capacities of

12792-542: The old building housing grades 1–3. In 1962, the United church ceased regular services, but a Sunday school continued. Services resumed briefly 1964–1965. In 1964, the Anglican church was vandalized during a temporary closure. Anglican services recommenced, but ceased sometime after the mid-1980s. The Covenant church established a work in 1967, using the former United church building, which was purchased in 1976. Ed. McNiven bought

12915-400: The other island groups are not part of any administrative region or district , but are instead each designated as an Area Outside Territorial Authority . In Norway, the outlying islands of Bouvet Island , Jan Mayen , and Svalbard are outside of all of the country's counties and municipalities . They are ruled directly by national authorities without any local democracy. An exception

13038-574: The passenger train for expedited delivery. In 1915, the first full boxcar load of strawberries was shipped out, and the season total was 7,762 crates. In 1916, Wynndel withdrew from the Fruit Growers Union in the Creston Valley. The strawberry harvest was 11,018 crates, comprising nine carloads, in 1916, about 6,500 crates in 1918 and 9,000 in 1919. During the 1910s, attempts at tomato growing proved unviable. However, O.J. Wigen grew bumper potato crops. In 1923, Elias Uri took over as manager of

13161-454: The province, an unincorporated settlement is one that does not have a municipal council that governs solely over the settlement. It is usually, but not always, part of a larger municipal government. These range from small hamlets to large urbanized areas similar in size to a town or city. In Alberta , unincorporated communities can be classified as Hamlet, Locality or townsite. A Hamlet is an unincorporated community that can be designated by

13284-480: The railroad construction contract was let in mid-1898, Smith foresaw his service as redundant and retired from staging to his ranch on the west side of the Kootenay River above Porthill. During the mid-1910s, Dunc. Cameron operated a Porthill–Bonners Ferry auto stage. In 1923, a new Creston–Bonners Ferry daily auto stage commenced. In 1930, the Cranbrook – Spokane motorcoach began using the crossing after gravelling of

13407-484: The same powers in these areas as city councils or town councils have in their respective incorporated areas. Some states instead put these powers in the hands of townships, which are minor civil divisions of each county and are called "towns" in some states. Differences in state laws regarding the incorporation of communities leads to a great variation in the distribution and nature of unincorporated areas. Unincorporated regions are essentially nonexistent in eight of

13530-503: The sawmill and planer mill to electric power, installed a gangsaw , remodelled the sawmill, and added a progressive dry kiln . Jack and Bob, Monrad's sons, were involved in the business and assumed the management in 1971. In 1992, a new and larger gangsaw was installed. After 2000, a complete upgrade of the mill machinery was undertaken. In 2011, an outside CEO was appointed to restructure the boutique business. Employees number about 100. In 2014, Wynndel Box & Lumber adopted WynnWood as

13653-550: The settlers' children from both sides of the boundary using a room in Mike Driscoll's rudimentary hotel. The McLoughlin farm residence was 200 yards (183 m) south of the boundary. In the mid-1890s, Clarke Quarrie was proprietor of the Boundary Line hotel. By 1897, J.I. Barnes also ran a general store. That year, McLoughlin received a land patent for 120 acres (49 ha) on the present site of Porthill. C.P. Hill challenged

13776-421: The social club on its formation. The building was called the club house. In 1913, a new schoolhouse was completed, and Edward Butterfield opened the first store about this time, described as a small seasonal general store. In 1915, Butterfield enlarged the building, bringing the store and post office under the same roof. By this time, dances were also held in the schoolhouse, and out of the harvest season, in

13899-560: The territory cannot be disincorporated . The United States Minor Outlying Islands without a permanent civilian population are "unorganized" in the sense that they do not have a local government, and they are administered by the Office of Insular Affairs directly. The populated American Samoa is "unorganized" in the sense that Congress has not passed an organic act , but it does have a constitution and locally elected territorial legislature and executive. An unincorporated community may be part of

14022-483: The three times weekly mixed train ran no farther north than Creston. In early 1905, the respective junction stations were renamed Wilkes, probably after Fred Wilkes, a CP telegraph linesman from Fernie . The change to Wynndell a couple of years later, may have loosely derived from Wilkes or Wigen. Wynn is a runic letter in Old and Middle English representing the W sound and a dell is a valley. In June 1913, on completion of

14145-406: The title, but prior to a court case, Hill purchased 80 acres (32 ha) from McLoughlin. That year, as postmaster, Hill succeeded in renaming the settlement Porthill (called Port Hill by the railroad). Hillcrest Mines, now part of the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, Alberta , is also named after Hill. From 1897, the place name Bedlington was synonymous with Rykerts. Bedlington was a mining camp in

14268-481: The track. 1941: A rockslide caused a locomotive, tender, and two cars to derail. 1946: A freight train struck the rear of a truck at a railway crossing, carrying the vehicle 6 metres (20 ft). Trains fatally injuring straying livestock prompted CP to fence one side of the track in 1913. However, such livestock deaths continued. Settling in the mid-1890s, in 1900, O.J. Wigen marketed his surplus strawberries to customers at Cranbrook and launched Wynndel as

14391-487: The vehicle up the ramp out of the river. The motor restarted, the truck continued on its way to the company sawmill at Creston. The Porthill ferry operated at least till the mid-1960s. Porthill has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) with some mediterranean ( Csb ) influences. In 1891, Billy Houston and Fred Sutter staked the claim in the Selkirk Mountains. The location was a one-week trek northward from

14514-441: The winter sleigh travel was smoother. The hotel and saloon accommodation at Porthill was satisfactory. However, at Chambers City (south end of Duck Lake), a necessary destination when ice blocked the river upstream, William H. Chambers ran the only establishment. His Palace hotel, operating from 1893 to possibly as late as 1897, lacked beds, benches and chairs, and served only beverages, but meals may have been provided initially. After

14637-567: The work would damage an embankment supporting the CP track. Displeasure with the high-handed grading of the B&N across his mine claims prompted O.J. Wigen to briefly block the tracklaying in November. That December, the Supreme Court of British Columbia dismissed Wigen's injunction application, and the B&N assumed possession of the completed line from the main contractor. The route followed today's Lower Wynndel Rd (low road). In July 1900,

14760-538: Was erected. The 1929 crossings were 9,722 autos and 29,230 people. The statistics exclude the immediate local traffic. The next year handled 13,233 autos and 45,421 persons. During 1934, the road was being upgraded to a standard width highway. The opening of a good highway for the Eastport–Kingsgate Border Crossing caused a 10 per cent drop in traffic for the 1934 Rykerts crossings, which recorded 11,512 autos and 36,892 passengers. In 1956, paving of

14883-418: Was lifted in 1916. In 1915, Port Hill became the northern terminal for the mixed train. About 1927, all passenger service ended. Freight service ceased in the 1970s. In 1892, Sam Smith extended his stage service beyond Bonners Ferry to Ockonook, important especially during the wintertime, when ice could block river traffic. The service soon became Bonners Ferry–Kootenay Landing. The wagon roads were rough, but

15006-412: Was rebuilt. In 1916, a new concentrator with a 300-tons-per-day capacity was erected. That year, 72 cars of high-grade silver-lead were produced. Employees numbered about 200. From 1917, eight trucks joined the horse teams in hauling ore. While drawing gasoline from one of the half dozen tanks awaiting to be unloaded from a scow at Porthill, an employee placed a lantern too close, igniting all the fuel. Over

15129-475: Was rebuilt. Later that year, Sam T. Jordan opened a store. Ernest D. King settled in Porthill around 1904 and married resident Mabel Smith in 1915. Hartley Lester King was born in 1916. Hartley died in Bonners Ferry in 2018, three weeks shy of his 102nd birthday. In 1925, a new highway north was within 8 miles (13 km) of the border. In 1932, a service station and lunch room opened at Porthill. In 1967,

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