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76-476: Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig ( Sus domesticus ). It is the second-most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. Ham , gammon , bacon , and pork sausage are examples of preserved pork. Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. Pork

152-633: A common cause of illness, Yersinia enterocolitica —which causes gastroenteritis—is present in various foods, but is most frequently caused by eating uncooked or undercooked pork and can grow in refrigerated conditions. The bacteria can be killed by heat. Nearly all outbreaks in the US have been traced to pork. Pork may be the reservoir responsible for sporadic, locally acquired cases of acute hepatitis E (HEV) reported in regions with relatively mild climates. It has been found to transmit between swine and humans. Trichinosis, also called trichinellosis, or trichiniasis,

228-549: A part of the USDA, currently recommends cooking ground pork to 71 °C (160 °F) and whole cuts to 63 °C (145 °F) followed by a 3-minute rest. Pigs can be carriers of various helminths , such as roundworms , pinworms , hookworms . One of the more common is Taenia solium , a type of tapeworm , which may transplant to the intestines of humans after consuming undercooked meat. Raw and undercooked pork can also cause other diseases, such as toxoplasmosis . Although not

304-649: A pork menu option because Muslims, Jews and Hindus do not consume pork and it had seemed inconsistent with the purpose of bringing together persons of different faiths, though after the complaints raised by the Orthodox community a pork alternative was added. Pork is known to carry some diseases such as pork tapeworm and trichinosis and pigbel , thus uncooked or undercooked pork can be dangerous to consume, although raw pork products are sometimes still consumed in Central European and Eastern European countries of which

380-661: A porkless cuisine now preserved by Hui restaurants throughout the country. Yunnan cuisine is unique in China for its cheeses like Rubing and Rushan cheese made by the Bai people , and its yogurt, the yogurt may have been due to a combination of Mongolian influence during the Yuan dynasty, the Central Asian settlement in Yunnan, and the proximity and influence of India and Tibet on Yunnan. As part of

456-461: A significant non-Muslim population. The Qur'anic basis for the Islamic prohibition of pork can be found in surah 2:173 , 5:3 , 6:145 and 16:115 . He has only forbidden you ˹to eat˺ carrion , blood, swine, and what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—they will not be sinful. Surely Allah

532-658: A single familiar name. Foods may come to have distinct culinary names for a variety of reasons: Humorous exaltation often takes the form of a dysphemism disparaging particular groups or places. It has been observed that "Celtic dishes seem to receive more than their share of humorous names in English cookbooks". Many of these are now considered offensive. See List of foods named after places for foods named after their actual place of origin. Chinese cuisine Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from China , as well as from Chinese people from other parts of

608-596: A strong effect on the locally available ingredients, considering that the climate of China varies from tropical in the south to subarctic in the northeast. Imperial royal and noble preferences also play a role in the change of Chinese cuisine. Because of imperial expansion, immigration, and trading, ingredients and cooking techniques from other cultures have been integrated into Chinese cuisines over time and Chinese culinary influences have spread worldwide. There are numerous regional, religious, and ethnic styles of Chinese cuisine found within China and abroad. Chinese cuisine

684-470: A succulent finish. Many brands of American hot dogs and most breakfast sausages are made from pork. Processing of pork into sausages and other products in France is described as charcuterie . Ham and bacon are made from fresh pork by curing with salt ( pickling ) or smoking . Shoulders and legs are most commonly cured in this manner for Picnic shoulder and ham , whereas streaky and round bacon come from

760-468: A variety with different flavors: clear rice vinegar, Chinkiang black rice vinegar , Shanxi vinegar, Henghe vinegar etc. The most commonly consumed meat in China is pork . As of at least 2024, China is the second largest beef consuming market in the world. Steakhouses and hot pot restaurants serving beef are becoming increasingly popular in urban China . Chinese consumers particularly value freshly slaughtered beef. Generally, seasonal fruits serve as

836-507: A wide variety of cuts and flavours, and is predominantly known as "streaky bacon", or "streaky rashers". Bacon made from the meat on the back of the pig is referred to as " back bacon " and is part of traditional full breakfasts commonly eaten in Britain and Ireland . In the United States, back bacon may also be referred to as "Canadian-style Bacon" or "Canadian Bacon". The canned meat Spam

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912-570: Is moon cake , used to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival . A wide variety of Chinese desserts are available, mainly including steamed and boiled sweet snacks. Bing is an umbrella term for all breads in Chinese, also including pastries and sweets. These are baked wheat-flour-based confections, with different stuffings including red bean paste , jujube , and a variety of others. Su (酥) is another kind of pastry made with more amount of oil, making

988-600: Is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Forbidden to you are carrion , blood, and swine; what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah; what is killed by strangling, beating, a fall, or by being gored to death; what is partly eaten by a predator unless you slaughter it; and what is sacrificed on altars . You are also forbidden to draw lots for decisions. This is all evil. Today the disbelievers have given up all hope of ˹undermining˺ your faith. So do not fear them; fear Me! Today I have perfected your faith for you, completed My favour upon you, and chosen Islam as your way. But whoever

1064-519: Is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” He has only forbidden you ˹to eat˺ carrion, blood, swine, and what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. While most Christians do consume pork, some sects prohibit it based on Leviticus chapter 11, Deuteronomy chapter 14, and Isaiah chapters 65 and 66. Some denominations that forbid pork consumption are: When pork

1140-404: Is a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork infected with the larvae of a species of roundworm Trichinella spiralis , commonly called the trichina worm. Infection was once very common, but is now rare in the developed world . From 2002 to 2007, an annual average of 11 cases per year were reported in the United States; the majority were from consuming wild game or the source

1216-518: Is a "flitch" or "slab bacon", while an individual slice of bacon is a "rasher" (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom) or simply a "slice" or "strip" (North America). Slices of bacon are also known as " collops ". Traditionally, the skin is left on the cut and is known as "bacon rind". Rindless bacon, however, is quite common. In both Ireland and the United Kingdom , bacon comes in

1292-418: Is an avatar of long life and good health according to Chinese traditions. Noodles can be served hot or cold with different toppings, with broth, and occasionally dry (as is the case with mi-fen). Noodles are commonly made with rice flour or wheat flour, but other flours such as soybean are also used in minor groups. Some noodles names describe their methods of creation, such as the hand-pulled noodle. Tofu

1368-422: Is compelled by extreme hunger—not intending to sin—then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “I do not find in what has been revealed to me anything forbidden to eat except carrion, running blood, swine—which is impure—or a sinful offering in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—then surely your Lord

1444-540: Is famous for its seafood and soups and the use of spices, Hunan cuisine is famous for its hot and sour taste, Anhui cuisine incorporates wild ingredients for an unusual taste. Based on the raw materials and ingredients used, the method of preparation and cultural differences, a variety of foods with different flavors and textures are prepared in different regions of the country. Many traditional regional cuisines rely on basic methods of preservation such as drying , salting , pickling and fermentation . In addition,

1520-453: Is fermented tofu. Like blue cheese or durian , it has a very distinct, potent and strong smell, and is an acquired taste. Hard stinky tofu is often deep-fried and paired with soy sauce or salty spice. Soft stinky tofu is usually used as a spread on steamed buns. Doufuru is another type of fermented tofu that has a salty taste. Doufuru can be pickled together with soy beans, red yeast rice or chili to create different color and flavor. This

1596-510: Is highly diverse and most frequently categorised into provincial divisions, although these province-level classifications consist of many more styles within themselves. During the Qing dynasty , the most praised Four Great Traditions in Chinese cuisine were Chuan , Lu , Yue , and Huaiyang , representing cuisines of West, North, South, and East China, respectively. In 1980, a modern grouping from Chinese journalist Wang Shaoquan's article published in

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1672-449: Is lower than that of beef, but much higher than that of chicken, so the USDA treats pork as a red meat . In 1987, the U.S. National Pork Board began an advertising campaign to position pork as " the other white meat "—due to a public perception of chicken and turkey (white meat) as healthier than red meat. The campaign was highly successful and resulted in 87% of consumers identifying pork with

1748-466: Is made of soybeans and is another popular food product that supplies protein. The production process of tofu varies from region to region, resulting in different kinds of tofu with a wide range of texture and taste. Other products such as soy milk , soy paste , soy oil , and fermented soy sauce are also important in Chinese cooking. There are many kinds of soybean products, including tofu skin , smoked tofu, dried tofu, and fried tofu. Stinky tofu

1824-413: Is made of chopped pork shoulder meat and ham. Due to the fact that pigs can eat unused food originally meant for humans, and due to the high availability of such food in many industrialized countries, pork and other products from pigs have become securely sourced and low-priced commodities. This makes pig products very popular as raw material in many industrially produced products. Its myoglobin content

1900-422: Is more of a pickled type of tofu and is not as strongly scented as stinky tofu. Doufuru has the consistency of slightly soft blue cheese, and a taste similar to Japanese miso paste , but less salty. Doufuru can be used as a spread on steamed buns, or paired with rice congee . Sufu is one other type of fermented tofu that goes through ageing process. The color (red, white, green) and flavor profile can determine

1976-419: Is preferred over beef for economic and aesthetic reasons; the pig is easy to feed and is not used for labour. The colours of the meat and the fat of pork are regarded as more appetizing, while the taste and smell are described as sweeter and cleaner. It is also considered easier to digest. In rural tradition, pork is shared to celebrate important occasions and to form bonding. In China, pork is so important that

2052-420: Is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products such as bacon , ham , sausage , terrines , galantines , pâtés and confit , primarily from pig. Originally intended as a way to preserve meats before the advent of refrigeration, these preparations are prepared today for the flavors that are derived from the preservation processes. In 15th-century France , local guilds regulated tradesmen in

2128-634: Is the most commonly eaten form. People in South China also like to use rice to make congee as breakfast. Rice is also used to produce beer and vinegar . Glutinous rice ("sticky rice") is a variety of rice used in special dishes such as lotus leaf rice and glutinous rice balls. In wheat-farming areas in Northern China , people largely rely on flour -based food, such as noodles , bing (bread), jiaozi (a kind of Chinese dumplings ), and mantou (a type of steamed buns). Wheat likely "appeared in

2204-823: Is the most popular meat in the Western world , particularly in Central Europe . It is also very popular in East and Southeast Asia ( Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines , Singapore , and East Timor ). The meat is highly prized in Asian cuisines , especially in China (including Hong Kong ) and Northeast India , for its fat content and texture. Some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption , notably Islam and Judaism . Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 13,000 BC. Charcuterie

2280-512: Is traditionally prepared with pork trimmings: ears, tail and feet. According to the USDA 's Foreign Agricultural Service , nearly 100 million metric tons of pork were consumed worldwide in 2006 (preliminary data). Increasing urbanization and disposable income has led to an uprising in pork consumption in China, where 2006 consumption was 20% higher than in 2002, and a further 5% increase projected in 2007. In 2015 recorded total 109.905 million metric tons of pork were consumed worldwide. By 2017, half

2356-450: Is used primarily in cubes ( lardons ) as a cooking ingredient valued both as a source of fat and for its flavour. In Italy , besides being used in cooking, bacon ( pancetta ) is also served uncooked and thinly sliced as part of an antipasto . Bacon is also used for barding roasts, especially game birds. Bacon is often smoked with various wood fuels for up to ten hours. Bacon is eaten fried, baked, or grilled. A side of unsliced bacon

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2432-442: Is what you shall not eat from what brings up its cud or possesses split hooves—the camel, because it brings up its cud but does not possess split hooves...and the pig, because it has split hooves that are completely cloven, but it does not bring up its cud—it is impure to you and from its flesh you may not eat. And the pig, because it possesses split hooves and does not bring up its cud—from its flesh you may not eat. As indicated by

2508-594: The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church . There is also a theory that pork was taboo in Scotland until roughly 1800 . Pork is a well-known example of a non-kosher food . This prohibition is based on Leviticus chapter 11 and Deuteronomy chapter 14: These are the creatures that you may eat from among all the animals that are upon the land. Everything that possesses a split hoof, which is fully cloven, and that brings up its cud—this you may eat. But this

2584-535: The North China Plain . The first domesticated crops seem to have been the foxtail and broomcorn varieties of millet , while rice was cultivated in the south. By 2000 BC, wheat had arrived from western Asia. These grains were typically served as warm noodle soups instead of baked into bread as in Europe. Nobles hunted various wild game and consumed mutton , pork and dog as these animals were domesticated. Grain

2660-513: The People's Daily newspaper identified the Eight Cuisines of China as Anhui ( 徽菜 ; Huīcài ), Guangdong ( 粵菜 ; Yuècài ), Fujian ( 閩菜 ; Mǐncài ), Hunan ( 湘菜 ; Xiāngcài ), Jiangsu ( 蘇菜 ; Sūcài ), Shandong ( 魯菜 ; Lǔcài ), Sichuan ( 川菜 ; Chuāncài ), and Zhejiang ( 浙菜 ; Zhècài ). Chinese cuisine is deeply intertwined with traditional Chinese medicine , such as in

2736-634: The Shanjia Qinggong ( Chinese : 山家清供 ; pinyin : Shānjiā qīnggòng ) and the Wushi Zhongkuilu ( Chinese : 吳氏中饋錄 ; pinyin : Wúshì zhōngkuìlù ) showing the respective esoteric foods and common household cuisine of the time. The Yuan and Qing dynasties introduced Mongolian and Manchu cuisine , warm northern dishes that popularized hot pot cooking. During the Yuan dynasty many Muslim communities emerged in China, who practiced

2812-500: The Son of Heaven will the tastiest delicacies be prepared [for him]." The Zhaohun (4-3rd c. BC) gives some examples: turtle ragout, honey cakes and beer (chilled with ice). During Shi Huangdi 's Qin dynasty , the empire expanded into the south. By the time of the Han dynasty , the different regions and cuisines of China's people were linked by major canals and leading to greater complexity in

2888-440: The "rice theory" attempts to describe cultural differences between north and south China; in the north, noodles are more consumed due to wheat being widely grown whereas in the south, rice is more preferred as it has historically been more cultivated there. Chinese ancestors successfully planted millet , rice , and other grains about 8,000 to 9,000 years ago. Wheat , another staple, took another three or four thousand years. For

2964-532: The Eastern European countries are believed to have a higher risk of trichinosis. Undercooked or untreated pork may harbour pathogens, or can be recontaminated after cooking if left exposed for a long period of time. In one instance, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) detected Listeria monocytogenes in 210 kg (460 lb) of Polidori brand fully cooked pork sausage crumbles, although no one

3040-670: The Tang dynasty. During the Southern and Northern dynasties non-Han people like the Xianbei of Northern Wei introduced their cuisine to northern China, and these influences continued up to the Tang dynasty , popularizing meat like mutton and dairy products like goat milk, yogurts, and Kumis among even Han people. It was during the Song dynasty that Han Chinese developed an aversion to dairy products and abandoned

3116-615: The Torah verses, pork is non-kosher because Jews may not consume an animal that possesses one trait but not the other of cloven hooves and regurgitating cud . Hogs, which are not ruminants , do not chew cud as cattle and sheep do. Practicing Jews suffice on the biblical explanation of the swine as 'unclean'. Maimonides shared this view in classifying the swine as an unclean creature in both its habit and diet. The prohibition of swine-eating in Ancient Israelite cuisine , according to Douglas,

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3192-669: The best known and most influential are Cantonese cuisine , Shandong cuisine , Jiangsu cuisine (specifically Huaiyang cuisine ) and Sichuan cuisine . These styles are distinctive from one another due to factors such as availability of resources, climate, geography , history , cooking techniques and lifestyle. One style may favour the use of garlic and shallots over chili and spices, while another may favour preparing seafood over other meats and fowl . Jiangsu cuisine favours cooking techniques such as braising and stewing , while Sichuan cuisine employs baking . Zhejiang cuisine focuses more on serving fresh food, Fujian cuisine

3268-796: The confection more friable. Chinese candies and sweets, called táng (糖) are usually made with cane sugar , malt sugar, honey, nuts, and fruit. Gao or Guo are rice-based snacks that are typically steamed and may be made from glutinous or normal rice. Another cold dessert is called baobing , which is shaved ice with sweet syrup. Chinese jellies are known collectively in the language as ices . Many jelly desserts are traditionally set with agar and are flavoured with fruits, known as guodong (果冻), though gelatine based jellies are also common in contemporary desserts. Chinese dessert soups are typically sweet and served hot. European pastries are also seen in China, like mille-feuille , crème brûlée , and cheesecake , but they are generally not as popular because

3344-631: The dairy foods introduced earlier. The Han Chinese rebel Wang Su who received asylum in the Xianbei Northern Wei after fleeing from Southern Qi, at first could not stand eating dairy products like goat's milk and meat like mutton and had to consume tea and fish instead, but after a few years he was able to eat yogurt and lamb, and the Xianbei Emperor asked him which of the foods of China (Zhongguo) he preferred, fish vs mutton and tea vs yogurt. The great migration of Chinese people south during

3420-551: The different regional cuisines. Not only is food seen as giving " qi ", energy, but the food is also about maintaining yin and yang. The philosophy behind it was rooted in the I Ching and Chinese traditional medicine : food was judged for color, aroma, taste, and texture and a good meal was expected to balance the Four Natures (' hot ', warm, cool, and ' cold ') and the Five Tastes (pungent, sweet, sour, bitter, and salty). Salt

3496-529: The dishes, many Chinese cuisines also contain dried Chinese mushrooms, dried baby shrimp, dried tangerine peel, and dried Sichuan chillies. When it comes to sauces , China is home to soy sauce, which is made from fermented soybeans and wheat. A number of sauces are also based on fermented soybeans, including hoisin sauce , ground bean sauce and yellow bean sauce. There are also different sauces preferred by regional cuisines, oyster sauce , fish sauce and furu (fermented tofu) are also widely used. Vinegar also has

3572-524: The first time, grains provided people with a steady supply of food. Because of the lack of various foods, Chinese people had to adapt to new eating habits. Meat was scarce, and so people cooked with small amounts of meat and rice or noodles. Rice was domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in southern China approximately 9,000 years ago and is a primary staple food for people from rice farming areas in southern China. Steamed rice , usually white rice ,

3648-489: The food production industry in each city. The guilds that produced charcuterie were those of the charcutiers . The members of this guild produced a traditional range of cooked or salted and dried meats, which varied, sometimes distinctively, from region to region. The only "raw" meat the charcutiers were allowed to sell was unrendered lard . The charcutier prepared numerous items, including pâtés , rillettes , sausages , bacon , trotters , and head cheese . Before

3724-506: The importation or consumption of pork products. Examples are Iran , Mauritania , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Algeria , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Tajikistan , Yemen , Somalia , Sudan , Afghanistan , Djibouti , Kuwait , Mali , Niger , Senegal , Gambia , Libya , Pakistan (except in some communities) and the Maldives . However, in other Muslim-majority countries with significant non-Muslim minorities, such as Indonesia (except

3800-473: The invasions preceding and during the Song dynasty increased the relative importance of southern Chinese staples such as rice and congee . Su Dongpo has improved the red braised pork as Dongpo pork . The dietary and culinary habits also changed greatly during this period, with many ingredients such as soy sauce and Central Asian influenced foods becoming widespread and the creation of important cookbooks such as

3876-622: The last leg of the Columbian Exchange , Spanish and Portuguese traders began introducing foods from the New World to China through the port cities of Canton and Macau . Mexican chili peppers became essential ingredients in Sichuan cuisine and calorically dense potatoes and corn became staple foods across the northern plains. During the Qing dynasty, Chinese gastronomes such as Yuan Mei focused upon

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3952-486: The lower Yellow River around 2600 Before Common Era (BCE), followed by Gansu and Xinjiang around 1900 BCE and finally occurred in the middle Yellow River and Tibet regions by 1600 BCE". Noodles were invented in China over 4,000 years ago and have since spread across the world. Chinese noodles come dry or fresh in a variety of sizes, shapes and textures and are often served in soups or fried as toppings. Some varieties, such as Shou Mian (寿面, literally noodles of longevity),

4028-530: The mass production and re-engineering of pigs in the 20th century, pork in Europe and North America was traditionally an autumn dish—pigs and other livestock coming to the slaughter in the autumn after growing in the spring and fattening during the summer. Due to the seasonal nature of the meat in Western culinary history, apples (harvested in late summer and autumn) have been a staple pairing to fresh pork. The year-round availability of meat and fruits has not diminished

4104-577: The modern sense first emerged in Song dynasty China during the 11th and 12th centuries. Street food became an integral aspect of Chinese food culture during the Tang dynasty , and the street food culture of much of Southeast Asia was established by workers imported from China during the late 19th century. The preferences for seasoning and cooking techniques in Chinese provinces depend on differences in social class , religion , historical background , and ethnic groups . Geographic features including mountains, rivers, forests, and deserts also have

4180-547: The most common form of dessert consumed after dinner. Dim sum (点心), originally means a small portion of food, can refer to dessert, or pastries. Later to avoid disambiguation, tian dian (甜点) and gao dian (糕点) are used to describe desserts and pastries. Traditionally, Chinese desserts are sweet foods and dishes that are served with tea, usually during the meal, or at the end of meals in Chinese cuisine. Besides being served as dim sum along with tea, pastries are used for celebration of traditional festivals. The most famous one

4256-467: The nation maintains a "strategic pork reserve". Red braised pork ( hong shao rou ), a delicacy from Hunan Province , was one of Mao Zedong 's favorite dishes. Other popular Chinese pork dishes are sweet and sour pork, bakkwa , and charsiu . In the Philippines , due to 300 years of Spanish colonization and influence, lechon , which is an entire roasted suckling pig, is a national delicacy. China

4332-479: The pig can be used to produce fresh meat and, in the case of a suckling pig , the whole body of a young pig ranging in age from two to six weeks is roasted. Danish roast pork or flæskesteg , prepared with crispy crackling is a national favourite as the traditional Christmas dinner. Pork is particularly common as an ingredient in sausages . Many traditional European sausages are made with pork, including chorizo , fuet , Cumberland sausage and salami giving it

4408-467: The popularity of this combination on Western plates. Pigs are the second most widely eaten animal in the world, accounting for about 34% of meat production worldwide. As a result, large numbers of pork recipes have been developed throughout the world. Jamón , made from the hind legs of a pig, is the most well-known Spanish dry-cured ham. Feijoada , the national dish of Brazil (also served in Portugal),

4484-481: The practise of Chinese food therapy . Color, scent and taste are the three traditional aspects used to describe Chinese food, as well as the meaning, appearance, and nutrition of the food. Cooking should be appraised with respect to the ingredients used, knife work, cooking time, and seasoning. Chinese society greatly valued gastronomy , and developed an extensive study of the subject based on its traditional medical beliefs . Chinese culture initially centered around

4560-770: The primary goal of extracting the maximum flavour of each ingredient. As noted in his culinary work the Suiyuan shidan , however, the fashions of cuisine at the time were quite varied and in some cases were flamboyantly ostentatious, especially when the display served also a formal ceremonial purpose, as in the case of the Manchu Han Imperial Feast . As the pace of life increases in modern China, fast food like fried noodles , fried rice and gaifan (dish over rice) become more and more popular. Chinese cuisine exhibits and immense amount of regional diversity. A number of different styles contribute to Chinese cuisine but perhaps

4636-522: The province of Aceh ), Malaysia , Brunei , Lebanon , Iraq , Tunisia , Egypt , Morocco , Bahrain , Bangladesh , Kyrgyzstan , Kazakhstan , Jordan , Albania , Azerbaijan , Turkey , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Kosovo , Syria , Sierra Leone , Guinea , Chad and the United Arab Emirates (except the Emirate of Sharjah ), pork is available in hotels, restaurants and supermarkets that cater to

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4712-739: The roasted, flat bread shaobing was brought back from the Xiyu (the Western Regions, a name for Central Asia ) by the Han dynasty General Ban Chao , and that it was originally known as hubing ( 胡餅 , lit. "barbarian bread"). The shaobing is believed to be descended from the hubing. Shaobing is believed to be related to the Persian nan and Central Asian nan , as well as the Middle Eastern pita . Foreign westerners made and sold sesame cakes in China during

4788-509: The side (round from the loin and streaky from the belly). Ham and bacon are popular foods in the West, and their consumption has increased with industrialisation. Non-western cuisines also use preserved meat products. For example, salted preserved pork or red roasted pork is used in Chinese and Asian cuisine. Bacon is defined as any of certain cuts of meat taken from the sides, belly, or back that have been cured or smoked. In continental Europe, it

4864-413: The slogan. The board retired the slogan on 4 March 2011. Pork is very high in thiamin (vitamin B 1 ). Pork with its fat trimmed is leaner than the meat of most domesticated animals, but is high in cholesterol and saturated fat . Eating of pork is prohibited by Jewish dietary laws and Islamic dietary laws , and is also avoided by mainstream Seventh-day Adventists , Rastafarians , and members of

4940-1172: The type of sufu it is. This kind of tofu is usually eaten alongside breakfast rice. Soybean milk is soybean-based milk. It is a morning beverage, and it has many benefits to human health. Apart from vegetables that can be commonly seen, some unique vegetables used in Chinese cuisine include baby corn , bok choy , snow peas , Chinese eggplant , Chinese broccoli , and straw mushrooms . Other vegetables, including bean sprouts , pea vine tips, watercress , lotus roots , chestnuts, water chestnuts, and bamboo shoots , are also used in different cuisines of China. Because of different climate and soil conditions, cultivars of green beans, peas, and mushrooms can be found in rich variety. A variety of dried or pickled vegetables are also processed, especially in drier or colder regions where fresh vegetables were hard to get out of season. Seasonings such as fresh ginger root, garlic , scallion , cilantro and sesame are widely used in many regional cuisines. Sichuan peppercorns , star anise , cinnamon , fennel , cloves and white peppers and smart weed are also used in different regions. To add extra flavor to

5016-604: The world's pork was consumed in China. Pork is popular throughout eastern Asia and the Pacific, where whole roast pig is a popular item in Pacific Island cuisine. It is consumed in a great many ways and highly esteemed in Chinese cuisine . Currently China is the world's largest pork consumer, with pork consumption expected to total 53 million metric tons in 2012, which accounts for more than half of global pork consumption. In China, pork

5092-513: The world. Because of the Chinese diaspora and the historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine has profoundly influenced many other cuisines in Asia and beyond, with modifications made to cater to local palates. Chinese food staples such as rice , soy sauce , noodles , tea , chili oil , and tofu , and utensils such as chopsticks and the wok , can now be found worldwide. The world's earliest eating establishments recognizable as restaurants in

5168-523: Was 2.7 kg in 2009. Although pork marketing is prohibited in some religious localities, pork products are available elsewhere at non-kosher butchers and by the Mizra and Tiv Ta'am non-kosher supermarket chain, which caters to Russian immigrants. A modern Hebrew euphemism for pork is "white meat". Pork meat is prohibited by the Islamic dietary laws . Throughout the Islamic world many countries severely restrict

5244-698: Was because the pig was raised by non-Israelites, ate carrion and did not fit into the classification of ungulates . Harris disagrees and points out that Egyptians and Sumerians also restricted pigs and that goats also ate corpses, yet were not declared unclean in Ancient Israel. Harris offers an explanation based on environmental and economic factors instead. In Israel , pig-raising has been limited by law to certain areas and institutions. Some pig-related laws are openly circumvented. Swine production has increased from an estimated annual slaughter of 50,000 swine in 1960 to 180,000 in 2010. Pig meat consumption per capita

5320-412: Was made ill from consumption of the product. The FSIS has previously stated that listeria and other microorganisms must be "...destroyed by proper handling and thorough cooking to an internal temperature of 71 °C (160 °F)," and that other microorganisms, such as E. coli , Salmonella , and Staphylococcus aureus can be found in inadequately cooked pork, poultry, and other meats. The FSIS,

5396-407: Was not cooked right, man would not eat. When it was cooked bad, man would not eat. When the meat was not cut properly, man would not eat. When the food was not prepared with the right sauce, man would not eat. Although there are plenty of meats, they should not be cooked more than staple food. There is no limit for alcohol, before a man gets drunk. The Lüshi chunqiu notes: "Only if one is chosen as

5472-582: Was not included on the menu of the Liverpool Council's first Christian Orthodox Interfaith lunch some members of the Macedonian Orthodox community objected, citing the historical significance of the dish to the community during the Ottoman era and raising complaints that the council was discriminating against Orthodox Christians . A spokeswoman for the council explained that the council had not prepared

5548-445: Was stored against famine and flood and meat was preserved with salt, vinegar, curing, and fermenting. The flavor of the meat was enhanced by cooking it in animal fats though this practice was mostly restricted to the wealthy. By the time of Confucius in the late Zhou , gastronomy had become a high art. Confucius discussed the principles of dining: The rice would never be too white, the meat would never be too finely cut... When it

5624-514: Was the largest producer of pork in the world in 2020 followed by the European Union and the United States. China, EU and the United States accounted for roughly 76% of the world's pork production as per FAS / USDA Pork may be cooked from fresh meat or cured over time. Cured meat products include ham and bacon . The carcass may be used in many different ways for fresh meat cuts , with the popularity of certain cuts varying worldwide. Most of

5700-499: Was unknown. The number of cases has decreased because of legislation prohibiting the feeding of raw meat garbage to hogs, increased commercial and home freezing of pork, and the public awareness of the danger of eating raw or undercooked pork or wild game products. Culinary name Examples include veal ( calf ), calamari ( squid ), and sweetbreads ( pancreas or thymus gland ). Culinary names are especially common for fish and seafood, where multiple species are marketed under

5776-555: Was used as a preservative from early times, but in cooking was added in the form of soy sauce, and not at the table. By the Later Han period (2nd century), writers frequently complained of lazy aristocrats who did nothing but sit around all day eating smoked meats and roasts. During the Han dynasty , the Chinese developed methods of food preservation for military rations during campaigns such as drying meat into jerky and cooking, roasting, and drying grain. Chinese legends claim that

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