Mizra ( Hebrew : מִזְרָע , lit. 'Sowing') is a kibbutz in northern Israel . Located between Afula and Nazareth , it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council . In 2022 it had a population of 864.
82-601: Kibbutz Mizra was established during Hanukkah in 1923 by the first immigrants of the Third Aliyah . It was founded on the lands of the Palestinian Arab village of Rub al-Nasra, which were purchased from the Sursock family , a major absentee landowner of Lebanese origin. The inhabitants, approximately 50 families, were tenants and became dispossessed. The village was one of at least 20 Palestinian Arab villages that disappeared in
164-462: A Chanukiah (the modern Israeli term). Some families use an oil lamp menorah (traditionally filled with olive oil) for Hanukkah; like the candle version, it has eight wicks to light plus the additional shammash light. In the United States, Hanukkah became a more visible festival in the public sphere from the 1970s when Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson called for public awareness and observance of
246-523: A suzerainty over Judea, where they respected Jewish culture and protected Jewish institutions. This policy was drastically reversed by Antiochus IV Epiphanes , the son of Antiochus III, seemingly after what was either a dispute over leadership of the Temple in Jerusalem and the office of High Priest , or possibly a revolt whose nature was lost to time after being crushed. In 175 BCE, Antiochus IV invaded Judea at
328-555: A Greek official who was to enforce the government's behest (1 Mac. 2, 24–25 ). Judah became known as Yehuda HaMakabi ("Judah the Hammer"). By 166 BCE, Mattathias had died, and Judah took his place as leader. By 164 BCE, the Jewish revolt against the Seleucid monarchy was successful. The Temple was liberated and rededicated. The festival of Hanukkah was instituted to celebrate this event. Judah ordered
410-523: A fast [on those days], and anyone who has a vow to perform, let him perform it. The Al HaNissim prayer is recited on Hanukkah as an addition to the Amidah prayer, which was formalized in the late 1st century. Al HaNissim describes the history of the holiday as follows: The Jewish historian Titus Flavius Josephus narrates in his book, Jewish Antiquities XII, how the victorious Judas Maccabeus ordered lavish yearly eight-day festivities after rededicating
492-458: A good time, see who wins! חנוכה חנוכה עממי מילים: לוין קיפניס לחן: עממי חנוכה, חנוכה, חג יפה כל כך אור חביב מסביב, גיל לילד רך. חנוכה, חנוכה, סביבון סוב סוב ,סוב נא סוב, סוב נא סוב מה נעים מה טוב. Ocho Kandelikas lit. 'Eight Little Candles') is a Ladino song celebrating the holiday of Hanukkah , written by the Jewish-American composer Flory Jagoda in 1983. Drei dreidl
574-629: A group of Jews known as the Masoretes between the 7th and 10th centuries of the Common Era ). However, the books of Maccabees were included among the deuterocanonical books added to the Septuagint , a Jewish scholarly Greek-language translation of the Hebrew Bible originally compiled in the mid- 3rd century BCE . The Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches consider the books of Maccabees as a canonical part of
656-540: A historical event. This belief has been adopted by most of Orthodox Judaism , in as much as Karo's Shulchan Aruch is a main code of Jewish Law. The menorah first began to be used as a symbol of Judaism in the Hasmonean period – appearing on coins issued by Hasmonean king Mattathias Antigonus between 40 and 37 BCE, but these coins depict a seven-branched Temple menorah , not a nine-branched vessel that would correspond to an eight-day oil miracle. Selected battles between
738-491: A klung" [When the clock strikes], by Sam Liptzin. Veln mir ale freylekh zayn, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, Kh'hob shoyn latkes, fleysh un fish, Un a vays badektn tish, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Kh'hob di brokhes shoyn gemakht, Di menoyre shaynt a prakht, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, Toyznt zinen yeder flam, Shtolts bin ikh mir mit mayn shtam, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Drey dreydl fun nun tsu gerotn, Drey dreydl tsum gerotn, Kumt di vokh fun khanike, Iz alts bay mir gerotn. Yeder likhtl hot
820-508: A miracle was wrought therein, and they lit [the lamp] therewith for eight days. The following year these [days] were appointed a Festival with [the recital of] Hallel and thanksgiving." —Shabbat 21b Tertiary sources in the Jewish tradition make reference to this account. Maimonides (12th century) described Hanukkah as follows: When, on the twenty-fifth of Kislev, the Jews had emerged victorious over their foes and destroyed them, they re-entered
902-573: A museum portraying the history of the Yishuv . The name Mizra can be found on maps from the Middle Ages , though its exact origin is unknown. There is one theory that it is derived from nearby Nahal Mizra, though some believe that is connected to Hovat Mizra, an ancient farm in the area. Mizra is known in Israel for its meat processing plant and its store, Maadaney Mizra (Mizra delicatessen), which for many years
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#1732851647633984-692: A prominent window or near the door leading to the street. It is customary amongst some Ashkenazi Jews to have a separate menorah for each family member (customs vary), whereas most Sephardi Jews light one for the whole household. Only when there was danger of antisemitic persecution were lamps supposed to be hidden from public view, as was the case in Persia under the rule of the Zoroastrians , or in parts of Europe before and during World War II. However, most Hasidic groups light lamps near an inside doorway, not necessarily in public view. According to this tradition,
1066-458: A solemn vow, they and the sons of Israel, all of them, to publish amongst the sons of Israel, [to the end] that they might observe these eight days of joy and honour, as the days of the feasts written in [the book of] the Law; [even] to light in them so as to make known to those who come after them that their God wrought for them salvation from heaven. In them, it is not permitted to mourn, neither to decree
1148-486: A total of three blessings. The first blessing is recited before the candles are lit, and while most recite the other blessing(s) beforehand as well, some have the custom to recite them after. On the first night of Hanukkah one light (candle or oil) is lit on the right side of the menorah, on the following night a second light is placed to the left of the first but it is lit first, and so on, proceeding from placing candles right to left but lighting them from left to right over
1230-474: A traditional religion. The miracle of the oil is widely regarded as a legend and its authenticity has been questioned since the Middle Ages. However, given the famous question Joseph Karo (1488–1575) posed concerning why Hanukkah is celebrated for eight days when the miracle was only for seven days (since there was enough oil for one day), it was clear that writing in the 16th century CE, he believed it to be
1312-522: A white tablecloth on the table, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. I've already recited the bessings, The menora is shining proudly, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, Every flame has a thousand souls, I am proud of my origin, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Turn, dreidel, from nothing to all, Turn, dreidel, and turn out well, When the Hanukka week comes I feel very lucky. Every little candle has a soul, It reminds me who I am, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, The menora looks brilliant, Everybody
1394-487: A widely known English version as " Rock of Ages ", is a Jewish liturgical poem or piyyut . It is written in Hebrew , and is usually sung on the holiday of Hanukkah , after lighting the festival lights. Its six stanzas correspond to five events of Jewish history and a hope for the future. Of its six stanzas, often only the first stanza is sung (or the first and fifth), as this is what directly pertains to Hanukkah. "Ma'oz Tzur"
1476-826: A zin, Es dermont mikh ver ikh bin, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, Di menoyre iz oysbashaynt, Ale zenen mayne fraynt, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Apikorsim ruf arayn, Zoln zey nisht gerekhnt zayn, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, Zoln zey take zen aleyn, S'iz a groyser nes geshen, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Drey dreydl fun nun tsu gerotn, Drey dreydl tsum gerotn, Kumt di vokh fun khanike, Iz alts bay mir gerotn. Ver hot zikh oyf dem gerekht, Aza shtikl brekl lekht, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, Brenen vet dokh doyres lang, Un balaykhtn unzere gang, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Breng afile soynem mit, Shrek zey got nor shtroft zey nit, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, Breng mir broyt un breng mir vayn, Veln mir ale freylekh zayn, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Let's all be happy, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, I already have latkes, meat and fish, And
1558-558: Is Chanukah, Chanukah Words by Levin Kipnis Transliterated and translated by Gila Ansell Brauner of Jerusalem, Israel Chanukah, Chanukah, Chag yafeh kol kach Or chaviv, misaviv, Gil leyeled rach. Chanukah, Chanukah, Sevivon sov sov Sov sov sov, sov sov sov, Mah na'im vatov. CHANUKAH, CHANUKAH Chanukah, Chanukah, What a lovely holiday! Cheerful lights around us shine, Children have fun and play. Chanukah, Chanukah, The dreidel spins and spins. Spin your top until it stops, Have
1640-1021: Is Hebrew for " dreidel ", where dreidel ( Hebrew : דרײדל dreydl ) is the Yiddish word for a spinning top . This song, "Sevivon," is very popular in Israel and by others familiar with the Hebrew language . The English below is a literal translation, not an English version. סְבִיבוֹן סוב סוב סוב חנכּה הוא חג טוב חנכּה הוא חג טוב סְבִיבוֹן סוב סוב סוב (In Israel) סוב נא סוב כה וכה נס גדול היה פה נס גדול היה פה סוב נא סוב כה וכה (Abroad) חַג שִׂמְחָה הוּא לַעָם נֵס גָדוֹל הָיָה שָם נֵס גָדוֹל הָיָה שָם חַג שִׂמְחָה הוּא לַעָם Sevivon, sov, sov, sov ḥanukah, hu ḥag tov ḥanukah, hu ḥag tov Sevivon, sov, sov, sov! (In Israel) Sov na sov ko va'cho Nes gadol hayah poh Nes gadol hayah poh Sov na sov ko va'kho! (Abroad) ḥag simḥa hu la-am Nes gadol hayah sham Nes gadol hayah sham ḥag simḥa hu la-am. Dreidel, spin, spin, spin. Hanukkah
1722-554: Is a Hanukkah song written by Moyshe Oysher. The melody is the same as that of Itsik Manger's "Yosl Ber", composed by D. Beygelman [see "Pearls of Yiddish Song", by Chana & Joseph Mlotek, p.173]. According to the Mloteks, the melody has also been used for the Holocaust song, "Ikh leb in geto in kavkaz" [I live in the ghetto in the Caucasus], by Khane Kheytin, and for the song "Vi der zeyger tut
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#17328516476331804-426: Is a great holiday. Hanukkah is a great holiday. Dreidel, spin, spin, spin. (In Israel) Spin, please, spin like this and that. A great miracle happened here. A great miracle happened here. Spin, please, spin like this and that. (Abroad) A joyous holiday for the nation. A great miracle happened there. A great miracle happened there. A joyous holiday for the nation. "Al Hanisim" (or "Al Hanissim")
1886-487: Is a popular Hebrew song for Hanukkah taken from liturgy (see Hanukkah → Special additions to the daily prayers ) , and is also an Israeli folk dance . The song is about thanking God for saving the Jewish people. The most popular tune, however, is relatively recent, having been composed by Dov Frimer in 1975. "Mi Y'malel" (or "Mi Yimalel") ( Hebrew : מי ימלל "Who can retell?") is a very well known Hebrew Hanukkah song. The opening line, which literally means "Who can retell
1968-544: Is a series of popular Hanukkah songs by Adam Sandler that are each a slightly different variation of a list of Jewish celebrities listed by Sandler for Jewish children who feel isolated during the Christmas season. It began as a skit on Saturday Night Live and then appeared on his album What the Hell Happened to Me? . Due to its popularity, Sandler recorded three follow-ups of the song. The songs often gets airplay during
2050-428: Is a song written by satirist singer-songwriter and mathematician Tom Lehrer . " Light One Candle " is a 1983 Hanukkah song written by Peter Yarrow of Peter, Paul, and Mary . It is a very popular song and it has been sung by the trio at their concerts. It is a song that encourages the Jewish people to remember the history of the holiday and continue their heritage. Light One Candle lyrics The Chanukah Song
2132-550: Is an English version of the Yiddish "Oy Chanukah" ( Yiddish : חנוכּה אױ חנוכּה Khanike Oy Khanike ). The English words, while not a translation, are roughly based on the Yiddish. "Oy Chanukah" is a traditional Yiddish Chanukah song and the English version, along with " I Have a Little Dreidel ," is one of the most recognized English Chanukah songs. Both songs are playful with upbeat tempo and are sung by children. The lyrics are about dancing
2214-540: Is closer to the English H than to the Scottish Ch , and Hanukkah more accurately represents the spelling in the Hebrew alphabet. Moreover, the 'kaf' consonant is geminate in classical (but not modern) Hebrew. Adapting the classical Hebrew pronunciation with the geminate and pharyngeal Ḥeth can lead to the spelling Hanukkah , while adapting the modern Hebrew pronunciation with no gemination and uvular Ḥeth leads to
2296-552: Is described in the Talmud , committed to writing about 600 years after the events described in the books of Maccabees. The Talmud says that after the forces of Antiochus IV had been driven from the Temple, the Maccabees discovered that almost all of the ritual olive oil had been profaned. They found only a single container that was still sealed by the High Priest , with enough oil to keep
2378-508: Is forbidden. It specifies, "On the 25th of [Kislev] is Hanukkah of eight days, and one is not to eulogize" and then references the story of the rededication of the Temple. The Mishna (late 2nd century) mentions Hanukkah in several places, but never describes its laws in detail and never mentions any aspect of the history behind it. To explain the Mishna's lack of a systematic discussion of Hanukkah, Nissim ben Jacob postulated that information on
2460-544: Is most commonly transliterated to English as Hanukkah or Chanukah . The spelling Hanukkah , which is based on using characters of the English alphabet as symbols to re-create the word's correct spelling in Hebrew, is the most common and the preferred choice of Merriam–Webster , Collins English Dictionary , the Oxford Style Manual , and the style guides of The New York Times and The Guardian . The sound represented by Ch ( [ χ ] , similar to
2542-733: Is my friend, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Call the non-believers in, They will not be counted, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, They will be alone, A great miracle has occurred, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Turn, dreidel, from nothing to all, Turn, dreidel, and turn out well, When the Hanukka week comes I feel very lucky. Who feels vindicated By this tiny sliver of light, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay, It has burnt for generations And lit up our way, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Bring even enemies with you, They will fear God and not dispute, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. Bring me bread and bring me wine, Let's all be happy, Tray-lay-lay-lay-lay-lay. "(I'm Spending) Hanukkah in Santa Monica"
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2624-409: Is to publicize the miracle. The blessings for Hanukkah lights are discussed in tractate Succah, p. 46a. Megillat Antiochus (probably composed in the 2nd century ) concludes with the following words: ...After this, the sons of Israel went up to the Temple and rebuilt its gates and purified the Temple from the dead bodies and from the defilement. And they sought after pure olive oil to light
2706-540: The Scottish pronunciation of loch ) is not native to the English language . Furthermore, the letter ḥeth ( ח ), which is the first letter in the Hebrew spelling, is pronounced differently in modern Hebrew ( voiceless uvular fricative ) from in classical Hebrew ( voiceless pharyngeal fricative [ ħ ] ), and neither of those sounds is unambiguously representable in English spelling. However, its original sound
2788-603: The Septuagint to refer specifically to Hanukkah. This Greek word was chosen because the Hebrew word for 'consecration' or 'dedication' is Hanukkah ( חנכה ). The Aramaic New Testament uses the Aramaic word hawdata (a close synonym), which literally means 'renewal' or 'to make new'. After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE , Judea became part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt until 200 BCE, when King Antiochus III
2870-438: The horah , eating latkes , playing dreidel , lighting the candles and singing happy songs. "I Have a Little Dreidel " (also known as the "Dreidel Song" ) is a very famous song in the English speaking world for Hanukkah, which also has a Yiddish version. The Yiddish version is Ikh Bin A Kleyner Dreydl, ( Yiddish : איך בין אַ קלײנער דרײדל Ikh Bin A Kleyner Dreydl Lit: I am a little dreidel). The English version of
2952-435: The mitzvah , the number of lights lit is increased by one each night. An extra light called a shammash , meaning "attendant" or "sexton," is also lit each night, and is given a distinct location, usually higher, lower, or to the side of the others. Among Ashkenazim the tendency is for every male member of the household (and in many families, girls as well) to light a full set of lights each night, while among Sephardim
3034-424: The shammash candle would be available, and one would avoid using the prohibited lights. Some, especially Ashkenazim, light the shammash candle first and then use it to light the others. So altogether, including the shammash , two lights are lit on the first night, three on the second and so on, ending with nine on the last night, for a total of 44 (36, excluding the shammash ). It is Sephardic custom not to light
3116-545: The 1970s, the worldwide Chabad Hasidic movement has initiated public menorah lightings in open public places in many countries. Originally instituted as a feast "in the manner of Sukkot (Booths)", it does not come with the corresponding obligations, and is therefore a relatively minor holiday in strictly religious terms. Nevertheless, Hanukkah has attained major cultural significance in North America and elsewhere, especially among secular Jews, due to often occurring around
3198-466: The 2nd century BCE. Hanukkah is observed for eight nights and days, starting on the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar , which may occur at any time from late November to late December in the Gregorian calendar . The festival is observed by lighting the candles of a candelabrum with nine branches, commonly called a menorah or hanukkiah. One branch is typically placed above or below
3280-580: The Great of Syria defeated King Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt at the Battle of Panium . Judea then became part of the Seleucid Empire of Syria. King Antiochus III the Great, wanting to conciliate his new Jewish subjects, guaranteed their right to "live according to their ancestral customs" and to continue to practice their religion in the Temple of Jerusalem. The Seleucids, like the Ptolemies before them, held
3362-528: The Jews with a great army, and took their city by force, and slew a great multitude of those that favored Ptolemy, and sent out his soldiers to plunder them without mercy. He also spoiled the temple, and put a stop to the constant practice of offering a daily sacrifice of expiation for three years and six months. When the Second Temple in Jerusalem was looted and services stopped, Judaism was outlawed. In 167 BCE, Antiochus ordered an altar to Zeus erected in
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3444-645: The Maccabean Jews and the Hellenized Jews in Jerusalem. These competed violently over who would be the High Priest, with traditionalists with Hebrew/Aramaic names like Onias contesting with Hellenizing High Priests with Greek names like Jason and Menelaus . In particular, Jason's Hellenistic reforms would prove to be a decisive factor leading to eventual conflict within the ranks of Judaism. Other authors point to possible socioeconomic reasons in addition to
3526-511: The Maccabees and the Seleucid Syrian-Greeks: Hanukkah is celebrated with a series of rituals that are performed every day throughout the eight-day holiday, some are family-based and others communal. There are special additions to the daily prayer service , and a section is added to the blessing after meals . Hanukkah is not a "Sabbath-like" holiday, and there is no obligation to refrain from activities that are forbidden on
3608-460: The Old Testament. The eight-day rededication of the temple is described in 1 Maccabees, though the miracle of the oil does not appear here. A story similar in character, and older in date, is the one alluded to in 2 Maccabees according to which the relighting of the altar fire by Nehemiah was due to a miracle which occurred on the 25th of Kislev, and which appears to be given as the reason for
3690-651: The Sabbath , as specified in the Shulkhan Arukh . Adherents go to work as usual but may leave early in order to be home to kindle the lights at nightfall. There is no religious reason for schools to be closed, although in Israel schools close from the second day for the whole week of Hanukkah. Many families exchange gifts each night, such as books or games, and "Hanukkah Gelt" is often given to children. Fried foods—such as latkes (potato pancakes), jelly doughnuts ( sufganiyot ) and Sephardic bimuelos —are eaten to commemorate
3772-703: The Temple in Jerusalem that had been profaned by Antiochus IV Epiphanes . Josephus does not say the festival was called Hanukkah but rather the "Festival of Lights": In the New Testament , John 10:22–23 says, "Then came the Festival of Dedication at Jerusalem. It was winter, and Jesus was in the temple courts walking in Solomon's Colonnade " (NIV). The Greek noun used appears in the neuter plural as "the renewals" or "the consecrations" ( Ancient Greek : τὰ ἐγκαίνια ; ta enkaínia ). The same root appears in 2 Esdras 6:16 in
3854-615: The Temple to be cleansed, a new altar to be built in place of the polluted one and new holy vessels to be made. According to the Talmud, "For when the Greeks entered the Sanctuary, they defiled all the oils therein, and when the Hasmonean dynasty prevailed against and defeated them, they made search and found only one cruse of oil which lay with the seal of the kohen gadol (high priest), but which contained sufficient [oil] for one day's lighting only; yet
3936-463: The Temple where they found only one jar of pure oil, enough to be lit for only a single day; yet they used it for lighting the required set of lamps for eight days, until they managed to press olives and produce pure oil. Because of this, the sages of that generation ruled that the eight days beginning with the twenty-fifth of Kislev should be observed as days of rejoicing and praising the Lord. Lamps are lit in
4018-446: The Temple. He banned brit milah (circumcision) and ordered pigs to be sacrificed at the altar of the temple. Antiochus's actions provoked a large-scale revolt . Mattathias (Mattityahu), a Jewish priest , and his five sons Jochanan , Simeon , Eleazar , Jonathan , and Judah led a rebellion against Antiochus. It started with Mattathias killing first a Jew who wanted to comply with Antiochus's order to sacrifice to Zeus, and then
4100-429: The candles of the menorah . The third blessing ( shehecheyanu ) is only sung on the first night. After the two or three blessings are sung, Hanerot Halalu is chanted. The following blessings are transliterated according to proper Modern Hebrew. The popular tune for these blessings was composed by Samuel E. Goldfarb and his brother Israel Golfarb in the early 20th century. "Ma'oz Tzur" ( Hebrew : מעוז צור ), also
4182-435: The deal fell through a few months later, when Gaydamak discovered a contract between Tiv Ta'am and Mizra, that prevented the chain from changing Mizra's character. Today, in addition to the meat processing plant, Mizra employs a hydraulic machinery factory, and a factory for injecting metal powder. It also has a hotel and a room letting branch, for students of the nearby Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel . In addition,
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#17328516476334264-775: The early 20th century due to Jewish land purchases and settlement in the Jezreel Valley (Marj ibn Amer). The following year the founders of the kibbutz were joined by a group which had formed in Haifa , and in the 1930s were joined by Galician Hashomer Hatzair members from Aliyah Bet . During the Mandate era , Mizra hosted the Palmach headquarters, until it was discovered by the British authorities in Operation Agatha of 1946. The kibbutz also has
4346-457: The eight nights. Transliteration: Barukh ata Adonai Eloheinu, melekh ha'olam, asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu l'hadlik ner Hanukkah. Hanukkah music Hanukkah music (or Chanukah music ) ( Hebrew : שירי חנוכה ) contains several songs associated with the festival of Hanukkah . There are three Hanukkah blessings ( Modern Hebrew : בְּרָכוֹת לֵחֲנֻכָּה Berakhot Laḥanukka , Lit : Hanukkah blessings) that are sung for lighting
4428-441: The evening over the doors of the homes, on each of the eight nights, so as to display the miracle. These days are called Hanukkah, when it is forbidden to lament or to fast, just as it is on the days of Purim. Lighting the lamps during the eight days of Hanukkah is a religious duty imposed by the sages. Some modern scholars, following the account in 2 Maccabees, observe that the king was intervening in an internal civil war between
4510-486: The festival and encouraged the lighting of public menorahs . The reason for the Hanukkah lights is not for the "lighting of the house within", but rather for the "illumination of the house without," so that passersby should see it and be reminded of the holiday's miracle (i.e. that the sole cruse of pure oil found which held enough oil to burn for one night actually burned for eight nights). Accordingly, lamps are set up at
4592-406: The heroic deeds of Israel? Who can count them? Yes in every generation a hero arises To save the people. Listen! In those days at this time The Maccabee saved and redeemed But in our days the whole people Israel Will unite, arise, and save. Literally translated as "I have a candle," "Ner Li" is a simple Hebrew Hanukkah song that is popular in Israel. The words are by L. Kipnis and
4674-640: The holiday was so commonplace that the Mishna felt no need to explain it. Modern scholar Reuvein Margolies suggests that as the Mishnah was redacted after the Bar Kochba revolt , its editors were reluctant to include explicit discussion of a holiday celebrating another relatively recent revolt against a foreign ruler, for fear of antagonizing the Romans. The miracle of the one-day supply of oil miraculously lasting eight days
4756-450: The importance of oil during the celebration of Hanukkah. Some also have a custom of eating dairy products to remember Judith and how she overcame Holofernes by feeding him cheese, which made him thirsty, and giving him wine to drink. When Holofernes became very drunk, Judith cut off his head . Each night throughout the eight-day holiday, a candle or oil-based light is lit. As a universally practiced "beautification" ( hiddur mitzvah ) of
4838-477: The kibbutz also operates a center for alternative medicine , including Reiki , reflexology and Shiatsu . Hanukkah Hanukkah ( / ˈ h ɑː n ə k ə / ; חֲנֻכָּה Ḥănukkā listen ) is a Jewish festival commemorating the recovery of Jerusalem and subsequent rededication of the Second Temple at the beginning of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in
4920-503: The lamps are placed on the opposite side from the mezuzah , so people passing through the door are surrounded by the holiness of mitzvot (the commandments ). Generally, women are exempt in Jewish law from time-bound positive commandments, although the Talmud requires that women engage in the mitzvah of lighting Hanukkah candles "for they too were involved in the miracle." Some Jews in North America and Israel have taken up environmental concerns in relation to Hanukkah's "miracle of
5002-499: The lamps therewith, but could not find any, except one bowl that was sealed with the signet ring of the High Priest from the days of Samuel the prophet and they knew that it was pure. There was in it [enough oil] to light [the lamps therewith] for one day, but the God of heaven whose name dwells there put therein his blessing and they were able to light from it eight days. Therefore, the sons of Ḥashmonai made this covenant and took upon themselves
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#17328516476335084-538: The lighting of the Shabbat candles. Therefore, the Hanukkah menorah is lit first with larger candles than usual, followed by the Shabbat candles . At the end of the Shabbat, there are those who light the Hanukkah lights before Havdalah and those who make Havdalah before the lighting Hanukkah lights. If for whatever reason one didn't light at sunset or nightfall, the lights should be kindled later, as long as there are people in
5166-402: The menorah in the Temple lit for a single day. They used this, yet it burned for eight days (the time it took to have new oil pressed and made ready). The Talmud presents three options: Except in times of danger, the lights were to be placed outside one's door, on the opposite side of the mezuza , or in the window closest to the street. Rashi , in a note to Shabbat 21b, says their purpose
5248-706: The mighty feats of Israel," is a secular rewording of Psalms 106:2, which reads "Who can retell the mighty feats of God." Below is a singable version of this song called "Who Can Retell," with words based on the Hebrew, as well as a literal translation. The song can also be sung in a round or canon. מי ימלל גבורות ישראל אותן מי ימנה הן בכל דור יקום הגיבור גואל העם שמע בימים ההם בזמן הזה מכבי מושיע ופודה ובימינו כל עם ישראל יתאחד, יקום ויגאל Mi yimalel gvurot Yisrael, Otan mi yimne? Hen be'chol dor yakum ha'gibor Goel ha'am! Shma! Ba'yamim ha'hem ba'zman ha'ze Maccabi moshia u'fode U'v'yameinu kol am Yisrael Yitached yakum ve'yigael! Who can retell
5330-440: The music, by D. Samburski. The transliteration of the Hebrew is as follows: Ner li, ner li, ner li daqiq, Bakhanukah neri 'adliq. Bakhanukah neri ya'ir Bakhanukah shirim 'ashir. The literal translation is: I have a candle, I have a small thin candle On Hanukkah, my candle I will light. On Hanukkah my candle will glow On Hanukkah I will sing songs. Another traditional Chanukah folk song with origins in Israel
5412-405: The obligation of publicizing the miracle by the presence of their Hasidim when they kindle the lights. Inexpensive small wax candles sold for Hanukkah burn for approximately half an hour so should be lit no earlier than nightfall. Friday night presents a problem, however. Since candles may not be lit on Shabbat itself, the candles must be lit before sunset. However, they must remain lit through
5494-635: The oil", emphasizing reflection on energy conservation and energy independence . An example of this is the Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life's renewable energy campaign. Hanukkah lights should usually burn for at least half an hour after it gets dark. Many light at sundown and those who do so should be careful to have enough oil or wax to last until half an hour after dark. Most Hasidim and many other communities light later, generally around nightfall. Many Hasidic Rebbes light much later to fulfill
5576-465: The others and its candle is used to light the other eight candles. This unique candle is called the shammash ( שַׁמָּשׁ , "attendant"). Each night, one additional candle is lit by the shammash until all eight candles are lit together on the final night of the festival. Other Hanukkah festivities include singing Hanukkah songs , playing the game of dreidel and eating oil-based foods, such as latkes and sufganiyot , and dairy foods. Since
5658-430: The prevalent custom is to have one set of lights for the entire household. The purpose of the shammash is to adhere to the prohibition, specified in the Talmud, against using the Hanukkah lights for anything other than publicizing and meditating on the Hanukkah miracle. This differs from Sabbath candles which are meant to be used for illumination and lighting. Hence, if one were to need extra illumination on Hanukkah,
5740-643: The religious reasons behind the civil war. What began in many respects as a civil war escalated when the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria sided with the Hellenizing Jews in their conflict with the traditionalists. As the conflict escalated, Antiochus took the side of the Hellenizers by prohibiting the religious practices the traditionalists had rallied around. This may explain why the king, in a total departure from Seleucid practice in all other places and times, banned
5822-471: The request of the sons of Tobias. The Tobiads , who led the Hellenizing Jewish faction in Jerusalem, were expelled to Syria around 170 BCE when the high priest Onias and his pro-Egyptian faction wrested control from them. The exiled Tobiads lobbied Antiochus IV Epiphanes to recapture Jerusalem. As Flavius Josephus relates: The king being thereto disposed beforehand, complied with them, and came upon
5904-413: The same time as Christmas during the festive season . The name "Hanukkah" derives from the Hebrew verb " חנך ", meaning "to dedicate". On Hanukkah, the Maccabean Jews regained control of Jerusalem and rededicated the Temple. Many homiletical explanations have been given for the name: In Hebrew , the word Hanukkah is written חֲנֻכָּה or חֲנוּכָּה ( Ḥănukā ). It
5986-475: The selection of the same date for the rededication of the altar by Judah Maccabee. The above account in 1 Maccabees, as well as 2 Maccabees portrays the feast as a delayed observation of the eight-day Feast of Booths ( Sukkot ); similarly 2 Maccabees explains the length of the feast as "in the manner of the Feast of Booths". Megillat Taanit (1st century) contains a list of festive days on which fasting or eulogizing
6068-399: The shammash first and use it to light the rest. Instead, the shammash candle is the last to be lit, and a different candle or a match is used to light all the candles. Some Hasidic Jews follow this Sephardic custom as well. The lights can be candles or oil lamps. Electric lights are sometimes used and are acceptable in places where open flame is not permitted, such as a hospital room, or for
6150-519: The song is well associated with the festival of Hanukkah, and is known by many Jews and non-Jews alike. The lyrics of the song are simple and about making a dreidel and playing with it. The lyrics are as follows: I have a little dreidel I made it out of clay, And when it's dry and ready O dreidel I shall play. O dreidel dreidel dreidel I made it out of clay, And when it's dry and ready, O dreidel I shall play. A popular Hebrew Hanukkah song, "Sevivon" or "S'vivon" ( Hebrew : סביבון sevivon )
6232-569: The spelling Chanukah . In Modern Hebrew , Hanukkah may also be called the Festival of Lights ( חַג הַאוּרִים , Ḥag HaUrim ), based on a comment by Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews , καὶ ἐξ ἐκείνου μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρο τὴν ἑορτὴν ἄγομεν καλοῦντες αὐτὴν φῶτα "And from then on we celebrate this festival, and we call it Lights". The first Hebrew translation of Antiquities (1864) used ( חַג הַמְּאֹרוֹת ) "Festival of Lamps", but
6314-464: The streets. Later than that, the lights should still be kindled, but the blessings should be recited only if there is at least somebody else awake in the house and present at the lighting of the Hannukah lights. Typically two blessings ( brachot ; singular: brachah ) are recited during this eight-day festival when lighting the candles. On the first night only, the shehecheyanu blessing is added, making
6396-567: The things that befell us, Who can count them? In every age, a hero or sage Came to our aid. Hark! In this time of year in days of yore Maccabees the Temple did restore And tonight our people as we dream Will arise, unite, and be redeemed. Who can retell the things that befell us, Who can count them? In every age, a hero or sage Came to our aid. Hark! In days of yore in Israel's ancient land Brave Maccabeus led his faithful band But now all Israel must as one arise Redeem itself through deed and sacrifice. Who can tell of
6478-700: The translation "Festival of Lights" ( חַג הַאוּרִים ) appeared by the end of the nineteenth century. The story of Hanukkah is told in the books of the First and Second Maccabees , which describe in detail the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem and the lighting of the menorah . These books, however, are not a part of the canonized Masoretic Text version of the Tanakh (Hebrew and Aramaic language Jewish Bible) used and accepted by normative Rabbinical Judaism and therefore modern Jews (as copied, edited and distributed by
6560-437: The very elderly and infirm; however, those who permit reciting a blessing over electric lamps only allow it if it is incandescent and battery operated (an incandescent flashlight would be acceptable for this purpose), while a blessing may not be recited over a plug-in menorah or lamp. Most Jewish homes have a special candelabrum referred to as either a Hanukkah menorah (the traditional name, menorah being Hebrew for 'lamp') or
6642-690: Was one of Israel's only providers of non- kosher meat, most notably pork . For the Israeli religious public, it was a symbol of impurity and a violation of the state's Jewish character . The Aliyah from the Commonwealth of Independent States in the 1990s brought Mizra competitors, and it eventually sold 75 percent of the plant to Tiv Ta'am , an Israeli supermarket chain that sells pork. In 2007, Russian -Israeli billionaire Arcadi Gaydamak announced his plan to purchase Tiv Ta'am and turn it kosher, saying he would make Mizra supply chicken instead of pork. However,
6724-666: Was written sometime in the 13th century. "A psalm, a song for the Dedication, Hannukat HaBeit , of a House.." מזמור שיר חנוכת הבית Judas Maccabaeus is an oratorio by George Frideric Handel . During Hanukkah, the melody for "See, the Conqu’ring Hero Comes" is used by Spanish and Portuguese Jewish communities for the hymn En Kelohenu. Mrs. Maccabeus, to the tune of "Oh Hanukkah." By Ben Aronin of Congregation Anshe Emet in Chicago. "Oh Chanukah" (also "Chanukah, Oh Chanukah")
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