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75-574: When the Qing dynasty took control of China in the seventeenth century, they replaced the Ming dynasty chefs in the palace, who were mostly from Shandong , with their own Manchu cooks. Manchu food was the main food served in the palace until the Qianlong emperor invited notable chefs from the south to join the palace kitchen. The new style of cooking included Shandong, southern, and Manchu elements, and resulted in what

150-429: A Zombie? , first announced on May 17, 2010, was produced by Studio Deen and aired 12 episodes on TV Saitama , Chiba TV , and Sun TV from January 10 to April 4, 2011, with subsequent broadcasts on Gifu Broadcasting System, Inc., KBS Kyoto , Mie TV, Tokyo MX , TV Kanagawa , TVQ , Nico Nico Channel, and AT-X . Episodes 10 and later were pushed back a week due to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . The series

225-435: A banquet of 108 dishes served in six meals over the course of three days. The dishes themselves involved exotic ingredients and a variety of cooking techniques from every part of Imperial China . The television drama Happy Ever After and Gilded Chopsticks , in the anime Cooking Master Boy and the television series My Fair Princess , as well as in chapters 106 and 142 of the manga Medaka Box . In modern times,

300-719: A guardian of the Ming border and a local representative of imperial Ming power. Upon the advice of an Erdeni, most likely a Chinese transfrontiersman, he proclaimed the Later Jin dynasty in 1616, named after the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty that had ruled over northern China several centuries earlier, and declared himself Khan . His efforts to unify Jurchen tribes gave the Jurchen the strength to assert themselves backed by an army consisting of majority Han Chinese defectors as well as Ming produced firearms. In 1618, Nurhaci openly renounced

375-529: A month afterwards. A second anime season, titled Is This a Zombie? of the Dead ( これはゾンビですか? オブザデッド , Kore wa Zonbi Desu ka? Obu za Deddo ) , first announced in the July issue of Monthly Dragon Age , aired on Tokyo MX from April 5, 2012 to June 7, 2012, with subsequent broadcast runs on TVQ , Sun TV , Gifu Broadcasting System, Inc., Mie TV, BS11 , Chiba TV , TV Kanagawa , TV Saitama and AT-X . An OVA episode

450-555: A telephone card illustrated by Kobuichi and Muririn. A manga adaptation by Sacchi started serialization in the shōnen manga magazine Monthly Dragon Age on January 9, 2010. The first bound volume was released by Kadokawa Shoten on August 5, 2010, with 8 volumes available in Japan as of December 6, 2013. A 4-koma adaptation called Kore wa Zombie Desu ka? Yes, It's 4-koma Flavor. ( これはゾンビですか? はい、4コマ風味です。 , Kore wa Zonbi Desu ka? Hai, Yonkoma Fūmi Desu. ) , illustrated by Mūpa, and

525-749: A term of geographic origin such as a toponym for their hala (clan name). The irregularities over Jurchen and Manchu clan origin led to the Qing trying to document and systemize the creation of histories for Manchu clans, including manufacturing an entire legend around the origin of the Aisin Gioro clan by taking mythology from the northeast. Nurhaci read the Chinese novels Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin , learning all he knew about Chinese military and political strategies from them. In February 1626,

600-632: A third manga adaptation named Kore wa Zombie Desu ka? Yes, I'm your Wife. ( これはゾンビですか? はい、アナタの嫁です。 , Kore wa Zonbi Desu ka? Hai, Anata no Yome desu. ) , illustrated by Ryō Hasemi, are also being serialized in Monthly Dragon Age . The manga by Sacchi is licensed in North America by Yen Press . The first volume in English was released on March 27, 2012, and as of July 22, 2014, all eight volumes have been published. An anime adaptation of Is This

675-414: A total of 19 volumes published as of June 20, 2015 under their Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint. A drama CD for Kore wa Zombie Desu ka? published by Marine Entertainment was released on December 30, 2009. The drama CD was released in both limited and regular editions. Both editions' first pressings came with a B2-sized poster. The limited edition also came with a booklet written by Shinichi Kimura and

750-705: A tribute of 100 horses, 100 tiger and leopard skins, 400 bolts of cotton, and 15,000 pieces of cloth was to be extracted and gifted to the Jin Khan. King Injo 's brother was sent to deliver this tribute. However, in later letters to the Joseon king, Hong Taiji would complain that the Koreans did not behave as if they had lost, and were not abiding by the terms of the agreement. Joseon merchants and markets continued to trade with Ming and actively aided Ming subjects by providing them with grain and rations. Hong Taiji rebuked them, saying that

825-409: Is "Notice Me, Mr. Zombie, I am your Classmate" ( 気づいてゾンビさま、私はクラスメイトです , Kizuite Zonbi-sama, Watashi wa Kurasumeito Desu ) by Rie Yamaguchi with Manzo. The opening theme for the second season is "Passionato" ( パショナート , Pashonāto ) by Iori Nomizu, while the ending theme is "I'm a Beginner at Love (T_T)" ( 恋のビギナーなんです（T_T） , Koi no Beginā Nan Desu (T_T) ) by Rie Yamaguchi. Haruna's uniform

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900-437: Is a zombie who was once an ordinary high schooler resurrected by a necromancer named Eucliwood Hellscythe after being murdered by a serial killer. As he tries to make the best of his undead life, he encounters a Masō-Shōjo ( 魔装少女 , lit. Magical Garment Girl, a pun on "mahō shōjo," meaning magical girl ) named Haruna and inadvertently takes her magic powers, being forced to become a Masō-Shōjo (and therefore crossdress ) in

975-625: The History of Ming that showed the Jurchens (Manchus) as subservient to the Ming dynasty, to hide their former subservient relationship to the Ming. The Veritable Records of Ming were not used to source the History of Ming because of this. Refusing to mention in the Mingshi that the Qing founders were Ming China's subjects was meant to avoid the accusation of rebellion. Han Chinese generals who defected to

1050-591: The Dutch and founded the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan , a Ming loyalist state with the goal of reunifying China. However, Tungning was defeated in 1683 at the Battle of Penghu by Han Chinese admiral Shi Lang , a former admiral under Koxinga. The Qing victory was overwhelmingly the result of the defection of the Ming dynasty's Liaodong military establishment and other defectors, with

1125-651: The Jurchens in 1626, submitting to his rule for protection against the Khalkha Mongols and Chahar Mongols. Seven Khorchin nobles died at the hands of Khalkhas and Chahars in 1625. This started the Khorchin alliance with the Qing . The Chahar Mongols were fought against by Dorgon in 1628 and 1635. An expedition against the Chahar Mongols in 1632 was ordered to establish a trading post at Zhangjiakou . The Qing defeated

1200-712: The Kangxi Emperor ascended the throne, and in 1662 his regents launched the Great Clearance to defeat the resistance of Ming loyalists in South China . He then fought off several rebellions, such as the Revolt of the Three Feudatories led by Wu Sangui in southern China, starting in 1673, and then countered by launching a series of campaigns that expanded his empire. In 1662, Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) drove out and defeated

1275-663: The Manchus were often given women from the imperial Aisin-Gioro family in marriage . Manchu Aisin-Gioro princesses were also married to Han Chinese officials' sons. The Manchu leader Nurhaci married one of his granddaughters ( Abatai 's daughter) to the Ming general Li Yongfang after he surrendered Fushun in Liaoning to the Manchus in 1618. The offspring of Li Yongfang received the "Third Class Baron" ( 三等子爵 ; sān děng zǐjué ) title. Li Yongfang

1350-637: The Ming-Qing transition ) or the Manchu conquest of China from 1618 to 1683 saw the transition between two major dynasties in Chinese history . It was a decades-long conflict between the emerging Qing dynasty , the incumbent Ming dynasty , and several smaller factions (like the Shun dynasty and Xi dynasty ). It ended with the consolidation of Qing rule, and the fall of the Ming and several other factions. The transition from

1425-575: The Pacific coast were subjugated as tributary tribes from 1599 to 1641. By summer 1621, the Ming's Liaodong fortress cities, Fushun , Shenyang , and Liaoyang , were all handed over to the Later Jin by traitors and defectors. Fushun's commander surrendered after a single attack when promised that his troops and their families would not be enslaved or forced to change any of their customs (including hairstyle), but rather given high office. Shenyang fell with

1500-606: The Shun dynasty . The last Ming emperor, the Chongzhen Emperor , hanged himself from the Zuihuai tree in the imperial garden outside the Forbidden City . When Li Zicheng moved against him, the Ming general Wu Sangui shifted his allegiance to the Qing. Li Zicheng was defeated at the Battle of Shanhai Pass by the joint forces of Wu Sangui and Manchu prince Dorgon . On 6 June, the mainly Han Chinese forces of Dorgon and Wu entered

1575-523: The Yuan dynasty as well. Hong Taiji was the eighth son of Nurhaci , whom he succeeded as the second ruler of the Later Jin dynasty in 1626. He organised imperial examinations to recruit scholar-officials from the Han Chinese , and adopted Chinese legal forms. He formed autonomous Han Chinese military colonies governed by Han Chinese officials, where Manchus were forbidden to trespass. Hong Taiji curtailed

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1650-491: The Chinese term "Manhan Quanxi" can be used as an idiomatic expression to represent any feast of significant proportions. As an example, various media outlets may refer to a dinner gala as "Manhan Quanxi", while in China there are also numerous cooking competitions which make use of the aforementioned name, while not specifically referring to the original meaning of the imperial feast. The name is also used extensively in product names in

1725-490: The Han Chinese population and he also learned the Manchu language . When Li Yongfang surrendered, he was given much higher status than under the Ming , and even allowed to keep his troops as retainers. Kong Youde , Shang Kexi and Geng Zhongming were also allowed to keep their personal armies. The warlord Shen Zhixiang, who had unlawfully taken over command of his deceased uncle Shen Shikui's troops as his private army,

1800-914: The Han army ( Liaodong Han Chinese) serving the Qing. Ming officers who defected to the Qing were allowed to retain their previous military rank. The Qing received the defection of Shen Zhixiang in 1638. Among the other Han Chinese officers who defected to the Qing were Ma Guangyuan , Wu Rujie , Zu Dashou , Quan Jie , Geng Zhongming , Zu Zehong , Zu Zepu , Zu Zerun , Deng Changchun , Wang Shixian , Hong Chengchou , Shang Kexi , Liu Wuyuan , Zu Kefa, Zhang Cunren , Meng Qiaofang , Kong Youde , Sun Dingliao . Aristocratic and military ranks, silver, horses and official positions were given to Han Chinese defectors like Zhang Cunren , Sun Dingliao , Liu Wu , Liu Liangchen , Zu Zehong , Zu Zepu , Zu Kufa and Zu Zerun . Han Chinese defectors were primarily responsible for military strategy after 1631. So many Han defected to

1875-637: The Jin army crossed the Taedong River . By this time news of the invasion had reached the Ming court, which immediately dispatched a relief contingent to Joseon, slowing the Jurchen advance into Hwangju . King Injo then dispatched an envoy to negotiate a peace treaty, but by the time the messenger returned, Injo had already fled from Hanseong to Ganghwa Island in panic. The Khorchin Mongols allied with Nurhaci and

1950-468: The Jurchens besieged Ningyuan but suffered a defeat in which Nurhaci was mortally wounded. The Later Jin had lost at the Battle of Ningyuan the previous year and their khan Nurhaci died from his wounds afterwards. Peace negotiations with the Ming after the battle delayed an aggressive Ming response to the Jurchen loss, and the Ming general Yuan Chonghuan was busy fortifying the border garrisons and training new musketeers. The new khan Hong Taiji

2025-534: The Manchu Aisin-Gioro Prince Yolo was wedded to Geng Juzhong , who was another son of Geng Jingmao. Aisin-Gioro women were also offered to Mongols who defected to the Manchus . The Manchu Prince Regent Dorgon gave a Manchu woman as a wife to the Han Chinese official Feng Quan, who had defected from the Ming to the Qing. Feng Quan willingly adopted the Manchu queue hairstyle before it was enforced on

2100-515: The Manchu military playing a very minor role. The Manchus are sometimes described as a nomadic people, when in fact they were not nomads, but a sedentary agricultural people who lived in fixed villages, farmed crops, practiced hunting and mounted archery. Their main military formation was infantry wielding bows and arrows, swords, and pikes, while cavalry was kept in the rear. Manchus were living in cities with walls surrounded by villages and adopting Han Chinese -style agriculture well before

2175-523: The Ming dynasty. They subsequently sailed across Bohai Gulf and defected to the Jurchens en masse. During the mutiny, they purged thousands of Southern Chinese , suspecting them to be loyal to the Ming. Hong Taiji was reluctant to become Emperor of China. However, Han Chinese officials Ning Wanwo ( 寧完我 ), Fan Wencheng , Ma Guozhu ( 馬國柱 ), Zu Kefa ( 祖可法 ), Shen Peirui ( 沈佩瑞 ), and Zhang Wenheng ( 張文衡 ) urged him to declare himself as Emperor of China. On 14 May 1636, he accepted this advice, changing

2250-585: The Ming governor in an attempt to stop Li Zicheng. The Jianzhou Jurchen chief, Nurhaci , is retrospectively identified as the founder of the Qing dynasty . In 1589 the Ming dynasty appointed Nurhaci as paramount chieftain of the Yalu Region , believing that his tribe was too weak to gain hegemony over the larger Yehe and Hada. When the other tribes attacked him to check his power in 1591, he succeeded in defeating them and seized many of their warhorses. During much of his early life Nurhaci considered himself

2325-483: The Ming overlordship and proclaimed his Seven Grievances against the Ming and departed his capital of Hetu Ala with 20,000 men. The army attacked and captured Fushun , located on the Hun River about 10 kilometers east of Shenyang . The Hulun tribes, a powerful confederacy of Jurchen tribes, started recognizing the authority of Nurhaci by the beginning of the 17th century. In some cases, such as with Bujantai of

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2400-540: The Ming to Qing was a decades-long period of conflict between: Leading up to the Qing, in 1618, the Later Jin khan Nurhaci commissioned a document entitled the Seven Grievances , which enumerated grievances against the Ming. Nurhaci, leader of the Jianzhou Jurchens , was originally a Ming vassal who officially considered himself a local representative of imperial Ming power, but he broke his relationship with

2475-588: The Ming with the establishment of the Later Jin dynasty in 1616 after he unified Jurchen tribes . Many of the grievances he presented dealt with conflicts against the Ming-backed Yehe clan of the Jurchens . Nurhaci's demand that the Ming pay tribute to him to redress the Seven Grievances was effectively a declaration of war, as the Ming were not willing to pay money to a former vassal. Shortly afterwards, Nurhaci rebelled against Ming rule in Liaoning . At

2550-727: The Ming, explaining to other Manchus why he needed to treat the Ming defector general Hong Chengchou leniently. Hong Taiji understood that the Ming would not be easily defeated unless Han Chinese troops wielding musket and cannon were included in the army. Indeed, among the Banners , gunpowder weapons like muskets and artillery were specifically used by the Han Chinese Banners. The Manchus established an artillery corps made out of Han Chinese soldiers in 1641. The use of artillery by Han Bannermen may have led to them being known as "heavy" soldiers (ujen cooha). The " red coat cannon " were part of

2625-453: The Ming, requiring suppression, which was completed in 1629. In the early 1640s, mass rebellions led by many rebel leaders broke out in northwestern China's province of Shaanxi and spread throughout China in the 1640s. Major battles included the sacking of Fengyang by Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong and a battle in Kaifeng which led to the deliberately engineered 1642 Yellow River flood by

2700-564: The Qing and swelled up the ranks of the Eight Banners that ethnic Manchus became a minority within the Banners, making up only 16% in 1648, with Han Chinese Bannermen dominating at 75% and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest. It was this multi-ethnic force in which Manchus were only a minority, which unified China for the Qing. The Qing takeover was done by the multi-ethnic Han Chinese Banners, Mongol Banners, and Manchu Banners which made up

2775-529: The Qing conquest of the Ming, and there was an established tradition of Han Chinese-Manchu mixing before 1644. The Han Chinese soldiers on the Liaodong frontier often mixed with non-Han tribesmen and were largely acculturated to their ways. The Jurchen Manchus accepted and assimilated Han soldiers who went over to them, and Han Chinese soldiers from Liaodong often adopted and used Manchu names. Indeed Nurhaci 's secretary Dahai may have been one such individual. In

2850-474: The Qing military. In 1644, Ming China was invaded by an army that had only a fraction of Manchus, being multi-ethnic, with Han Chinese Banners, Mongol Banners, and Manchu Banners. The political barrier was between the commoners made out of non-bannermen Han Chinese and the "conquest elite", made out of Han Chinese bannermen, nobles, and Mongols and Manchu. Ethnicity was not the determining factor. Han Chinese (Nikan) bannermen used banners of black color and Nurhaci

2925-645: The Qing palace, forbidding them from public view, because they showed that the Manchu Aisin-Gioro family had been ruled by the Ming dynasty. In the Ming period, the Koreans of Joseon referred to the Jurchen-inhabited lands north of the Korean peninsula , above the rivers Yalu and Tumen , to be part of Ming China, as the "superior country" (sangguk), the name they used to refer to Ming China. The Qing deliberately excluded references and information from

3000-523: The Ula, chieftains would attempt to reassert their independence and war would break out, but the Jianzhou Jurchens would defeat and assimilate all the tribes eventually (Hada 1601, Hoifa 1607, Ula 1613, Yehe 1619). The powerful Yehe Jurchens under Gintaisi united with the forces of the Ming dynasty to combat the rise of Nurhaci but Gintaisi was defeated and died in 1619. The fur-trapping Warka peoples near

3075-544: The aid of Mongol Ming soldiers in the city; Liaoyang fell after traitors let down ropes for the Jurchens to climb the wall in the night. The Ming general Li Yongfang who surrendered the city of Fushun in what is now Liaoning province in China's northeast did so after Nurhaci gave him an Aisin Gioro princess in marriage and a noble title. The princess was one of Nurhaci's granddaughters. In April 1625, Nurhaci designated Shenyang

Manchu–Han Imperial Feast - Misplaced Pages Continue

3150-706: The armies of the Mongol khan Ligdan , who was allied to the Ming , bringing an end to his rule over the Northern Yuan . The defeat of Ligdan Khan in 1634, in addition to winning the allegiance of the Southern Mongol hordes, brought a vast supply of horses to the Qing, while denying the same supply to the Ming. The Qing also captured the Great Seal of the Mongol Khans, giving them the opportunity to portray themselves as heirs of

3225-417: The banquet together. There is also another theory that this kind of feast never existed in the history, but was a xiangsheng sketch comedy instead, which included a long list of various dishes. The meal comprised six banquets over three days with over 300 dishes. Altogether there are said to have been 196 main dishes and 124 snack dishes, for a total of 320 dishes sampled over three days. Depending on how

3300-508: The border towns but Joseon border garrisons were quickly defeated. The Jurchen army advanced into Uiju where Ming general Mao Wenlong was stationed, and Mao quickly fled with his men into the Bohai Sea . Next, the Jurchens attacked Anju . When it became clear that defeat was inevitable, the Anju garrisons committed suicide by blowing up their gunpowder storehouse. Pyongyang fell without a fight and

3375-550: The capital. The fall of the Ming dynasty was largely caused by a combination of factors. Scholars have argued that the fall of the Ming dynasty may have been partially caused by the droughts and famines caused by the Little Ice Age . Historian Kenneth Swope argues that one key factor was deteriorating relations between Ming royalty and the Ming Empire's military leadership . Other factors include repeated military expeditions to

3450-547: The dishes and ingredients. It is said that there were "Thirty-Two Delicacies," referring to exotic ingredients used for the banquet. The "Eight Mountain Delicacies" includes such dishes as camel's hump, bear's paws, monkey's brains, ape's lips, leopard fetuses, rhinoceros tails, and deer tendons. The "Eight Land Delicacies" includes several precious fowls and mushrooms, and the "Eight Sea Delicacies" includes dried sea cucumbers , shark's fin , bird's nest soup and others. Some of

3525-462: The dishes are counted with the samples, at the absolute minimum there were 108 dishes. The feast was divided into inner-palace and outer-palace banquets; only the imperial family and meritorious officials, including Han officials above the second rank, were invited into the inner-palace banquets. A book from the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1735–1796) gives a detailed description of the feast and

3600-407: The dishes: The utensils, like the food, were lavish; the majority of utensils were finely crafted bronzeware and porcelainware in the shape of many animals which was designed with mechanisms for keeping the dishes warm throughout the meal. In general the Manchu dishes were first sampled, followed by the Han dishes. The imperial meal was re-enacted in the movie The Chinese Feast , which featured

3675-640: The fall of the Ming with the General Crisis affecting the Spanish Empire under Philip IV , the English Civil War and other polities. It took almost 40 more years after the fall of the Ming before all of China was securely united under Qing rule. By the mid-1600s, there were eleven emergent regimes which purported to be the authentic Ming. The Qing dated the founding of the dynasty to June 1644 but transitional warfare continued until 1683. In 1661,

3750-674: The food industry, such usage evident as brands of sauces and instant noodles by various companies. An abridged version of the Cantonese version of the imperial meal was depicted in Mister Ajikko , where the dessert: Almond Tofu dessert is used as a contest against the expert in the dish: A corrupt monk in the Cuisine Temple. An inspiration of the imperial meal was re-enacted in Kung Fu Panda Holiday . A fictional Japanese version of

3825-513: The food of Joseon should only be fed to Joseon subjects. Is This a Zombie%3F Is this a Zombie? ( Japanese : これはゾンビですか? , Hepburn : Kore wa Zonbi Desu ka? ) , also known as Korezom ( これゾン , Korezom ) for short, is a Japanese light novel series by Shinichi Kimura, with illustrations by Kobuichi and Muririn. Since January 2009, 19 volumes have been published by Fujimi Shobo under their Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint. There are five different manga adaptations based on

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3900-534: The frontier areas these became increasingly autonomous, and especially in Liaodong , where military service and command became hereditary and vassalage -like personal bonds of loyalty grew between officers, their subordinates and troops. This military caste gravitated toward the Jurchen tribal chieftains rather than the bureaucrats of the capital. The She-An Rebellion among the Yi people broke out in Sichuan in 1621 against

3975-464: The imperial meal was depicted in The Last Recipe . In the anime Kore wa Zombi Desu ka? (English: Is This a Zombie? ) the mute character Eucliwood Hellscythe, who communicates by writing messages, demands that the main character make her dinner; then follows up this demand by demanding a "Manchu Imperial Feast." There have been attempts since 1720 to replicate the original Manhan Quanxi and in

4050-424: The late Ming dynasty , Ming army units had become dominated by officers who would spend long periods of 10 or 12 years in command instead of the usual practice of constant rotation, and the Central Military Command had lost much of its control over regional armies. Zongdu Junwu , or Supreme Commanders, were appointed throughout the empire to oversee the fiscal and military affairs in the area of their jurisdiction. In

4125-702: The late 1980s, a certain replica meal was estimated to cost over one million Japanese yen . Many of the animals used in the meal are endangered species today. Transition from Ming to Qing Shun dynasty (Li Zicheng) Xi dynasty (Zhang Xianzhong) Kingdom of Shu ( She-An Rebellion ) Evenk - Daur federation Supported by : Zhu Hengjia , Prince of Jingjiang   [REDACTED] Bombogor   [REDACTED] Manchu, Mongol, Han Bannermen Han Green Standard Army defectors (after 1644) Shun dynasty army varies between 60,000 and 100,000 men Zhang Xianzhong's army – 100,000 men 300,000 Yi fighters The transition from Ming to Qing (or simply

4200-421: The name of his regime from Jin to Qing, and enthroning himself as Emperor of China in an elaborate Confucian ceremony. Hong Taiji's renaming of the Jurchens to Manchus was meant to hide the fact that the Jianzhou Jurchens were vassals of the Han Chinese . The Qing dynasty carefully hid the two original editions of the books of Qing Taizu Wu Huangdi Shilu and the Manzhou Shilu Tu (Taizu Shilu Tu) in

4275-406: The new capital city, which would hold that status until the Qing conquest of Beijing in 1644. In 1625, the Jurchens captured the port city of Lüshun , thus controlling the whole Liaodong peninsula . When the Jurchens were reorganized by Nurhaci into the Eight Banners , many Manchu clans were artificially created from groups of unrelated people who would found a new Manchu clan ( mukun ) using

4350-408: The new dynasty who would take over the preparation and planning of much of the war. From this episode onward, the transition ceased to be an inter-nation conflict between Chinese and Manchus but rather a civil war between Mukden and Beijing . Meanwhile, in the Ming, the Wuqiao mutiny broke out in 1631, led by Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming . Undersupplied and underpaid soldiers mutinied against

4425-404: The north, inflationary pressures caused by spending too much from the imperial treasury, natural disasters and epidemics of disease. Contributing further to the chaos was a peasant rebellion throughout the country in 1644 and a series of weak emperors. Ming power would hold out in what is now southern China for years, though eventually would be overtaken by the Qing forces. Other authors have linked

4500-444: The permission of their banner company captain if they were unregistered commoners, and it was only later in the dynasty that these policies allowing intermarriage were done away with. The decree was formulated by Prince Dorgon . In the beginning of the Qing dynasty the Qing government supported Han Chinese defectors weddings to Manchu girls. Han Chinese Bannermen wedded Manchus and there was no law against this. The "Dolo efu" rank

4575-465: The power of the Manchu princes by relying on Han Chinese officials. He personally welcomed surrendered Ming commanders, eating side-by-side with them so as to build a rapport that was impossible with the Ming emperors. The Manchus, led by Prince Amin , expressed their displeasure at the situation by massacring the population of Qian'an and Yongping . Hong Taiji responded by arresting and imprisoning Amin, who later died in prison. He then implemented, on

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4650-410: The process. With Eucliwood, Haruna, and a vampire ninja named Seraphim living with him, Ayumu helps battle demons known as Megalos while trying to figure out the mystery behind his own death. Kore wa Zombie Desu ka? began as a light novel series written by Shinichi Kimura, with illustrations provided by Kobuichi and Muririn. The first volume was published by Fujimi Shobo on January 20, 2009, with

4725-418: The same time, the Ming dynasty was fighting for its survival against fiscal turmoil and peasant rebellions . Han Chinese officials urged Nurhaci's successor Hong Taiji to crown himself emperor , which he did in 1636, declaring the new Qing dynasty. On 24 April 1644, Beijing fell to a rebel army led by Li Zicheng , a former minor Ming official who became the leader of the peasant revolt and then proclaimed

4800-429: The universe of Kore wa Zombie Desu ka? . A 12-episode anime adaptation produced by Studio Deen aired in Japan from January 11, 2011, to March 31, 2011, on Television Saitama and other networks. A second season, titled Kore wa Zombie Desu ka? Of the Dead ( これはゾンビですか? オブザデッド , Kore wa Zonbi Desu ka? Obu za Deddo ) , aired in Japan from April 5, 2012, to June 7, 2012, on Tokyo MX and other networks. Ayumu Aikawa

4875-430: The urging of his Han Chinese advisors, Chinese-style Confucian education, and Ming-style government ministries. When Zhang Chun, a Ming commander, was captured but refused to defect, Hong Taiji personally served him with food to show his sincerity (Zhang still refused but was kept in a temple until his death). With the surrender of Dalinghe in 1631, the most capable army officers of the Ming became faithful followers of

4950-576: The very large number of Han Chinese soldiers absorbed into the Eight Banners by both capture and defection. The Qing showed that the Manchus valued military skills in propaganda targeted towards the Ming military to get them to defect to the Qing, since the Ming civilian political system discriminated against the military. From 1618 to 1631 Manchus received Han Chinese defectors and their descendants became Han Bannermen and those killed in battle were commemorated as martyrs in biographies. Hong Taiji recognized that Ming defectors were needed in order to defeat

5025-457: Was also simulcast by Crunchyroll on their streaming site. An OVA 13th episode was released on DVD with the eighth light novel on June 10, 2011. The anime is licensed in North America by Funimation (now known as Crunchyroll LLC ) and released the series on December 4, 2012. American television network Chiller began airing the show on its Anime Wednesdays block on July 15, 2015. Chiller abruptly ended its "Anime Wednesday" block less than

5100-403: Was arranged by Prince Yoto and Khan Hong Taiji in 1632 to promote harmony between the two ethnic groups. This policy, which began before the invasion of 1644, was continued after it. A 1648 decree from Shunzhi allowed Han Chinese civilian men to marry Manchu women from the Banners with the permission of the Board of Revenue if they were registered daughters of officials or commoners or

5175-558: Was called a "Manchu-Han banquet" ( Man Han quanxi ). This style of the banquet was not featured at palace banquets, but soon became fashionable and by the nineteenth had spread to cities such as Canton and Tianjin . Another legend is that the Kangxi Emperor wanted to resolve disputes between Manchu and Han peoples, so he held a banquet during his 66th birthday celebration (with 66 being a special number in Chinese culture, see Chinese numerology ). The banquet consisted of Manchu and Han dishes, with officials from both ethnic groups attending

5250-414: Was eager for a quick victory to consolidate his position as khan. By invading Joseon he also hoped to extract much-needed resources for his army and subjects, who had suffered in the war against the Ming. In 1627, Hong Taiji dispatched princes Amin , Jirgalang , Ajige , and Yoto to Joseon with 30,000 troops, under the guidance of Gang Hong-rip and Li Yongfang . The Jurchens met sharp resistance at

5325-449: Was given to husbands of Qing princesses. Geng Zhongming , a Han Chinese bannerman, was awarded the title of Prince Jingnan, and his son Geng Jingmao managed to have both his sons Geng Jingzhong and Geng Zhaozhong become court attendants under the Shunzhi Emperor and married Aisin-Gioro women, with Prince Abatai 's granddaughter marrying Geng Zhaozhong and Haoge 's (a son of Hong Taiji ) daughter marrying Geng Jingzhong. A daughter of

5400-456: Was guarded by Han Chinese soldiers. Other banners became a minority compared to the Han Chinese (Nikan) Black Banner detachments during Nurhaci's reign. The Later Jin had forced Joseon to open markets near the borders because its conflicts with Ming had brought economic hardship and starvation to Jin subjects. Joseon was also forced to transfer suzerainty of the Warka tribe to Jin. Furthermore,

5475-527: Was released with the tenth light novel volume on DVD on April 25, 2012, while the eleventh episode was released with the sixth manga volume on October 20, 2012 on Blu-ray . The second season is licensed by Funimation/Crunchyroll LLC for simulcast on their video portals. MVM Films have licensed both series in the United Kingdom. The opening theme is "Leave-It-To-Me Tonight" ( 魔・カ・セ・テ Tonight , Ma-Ka-Se-Te Tonight ) by Iori Nomizu . The ending theme

5550-515: Was the great-great-great-grandfather of Li Shiyao. The 4th daughter of Kangxi was wedded to Sun Cheng'en, son of the Han Chinese Sun Sike. Other Aisin-Gioro women married the sons of the Han Chinese generals Geng Jimao , Shang Kexi , and Wu Sangui . Meanwhile, the ordinary soldiers who defected were often given non-royal Manchu women as wives, and a mass marriage of Han Chinese officers and officials to Manchu women numbering 1,000 couples

5625-405: Was unable to attain recognition from the Ming court. He then proceeded to lead his forces to switch allegiance to the Qing , and they became critical assets to the Qing. There were too few ethnic Manchus to rule China , but they absorbed defeated Mongols , and, more importantly, added Han Chinese to the Eight Banners . The Manchus had to create an entire "Jiu Han jun" (Old Han Army) due to

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