A governorate ( Russian : губе́рния , romanized : gubérniya , pre-1918 spelling : губе́рнія , IPA: [ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə] ) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire . After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, governorates remained as subdivisions in the Byelorussian , Russian and Ukrainian Soviet republics, and in the Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 until 1929. The term is also translated as government or province . A governorate was headed by a governor ( губернатор , gubernator ), a word borrowed from Latin gubernator , in turn from Greek kyvernítis ( Greek : κυβερνήτης ).
21-509: Poltava Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ( guberniya ) of the Russian Empire . It included the territory of left-bank Ukraine and was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Little Russia Governorate , which was split between Chernigov and Poltava Governorates with its capital in Poltava . It was administered by 15 uezds (povits) : Most of these ended up in
42-448: A governor of an oblast or a krai . The Russian Empire had nine governorates in modern-day Ukrainian territories: Chernigov , Kharkov , Kherson , Kiev , Podolia , Poltava , Volhynia , Yekaterinoslav , and Taurida . Additional lands annexed from Poland in 1815 were organized into the Kholm governorate in 1912. After the events of 1917, which led to the declaration of independence of
63-405: The administrative division of Russia 1708–1710 1710–1713 1713–1714 1714–1717 1717–1719 1719–1725 1725–1726 1726–1727 1727–1728 1728–1744 1744–1764 Major events [ edit ] 1744 — Vyborg Governorate was formed on
84-711: The Grand Duchy of Finland , Congress Poland , Russian Turkestan and others. There were also military governors such as Kronstadt , Vladivostok and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district). This subdivision type was created by the edict ( ukase ) of Peter the Great on December 18, 1708 "On the establishment of the gubernias and cities assigned to them", which divided Russia into eight governorates . In 1719, governorates were further subdivided into provinces ( Russian : провинции , romanized : provintsii ). Later
105-833: The Ukrainian People's Republic , these governorates became subdivisions, which also annexed Ukrainian-inhabited parts of Mogilev , Kursk , Voronezh and Minsk governorates in 1918. By the end of the Soviet–Ukrainian War in 1920, the Bolsheviks had made them part of the Ukrainian SSR . Soviet Ukraine was reorganized into 12 governorates, which were reduced to nine in 1922 upon the Soviet Union 's founding, and then replaced with okruhas in 1925. The West Ukrainian People's Republic in former Austro-Hungarian Empire territory
126-497: The north , Kiev Governorate to the west , Kharkov Governorate to the east , Kherson Governorate and Yekaterinoslav Governorate to the south . In 1914, the population was 2,794,727. After the formation of the Ukrainian SSR , the territory was wholly included into the new Soviet Republic. Initially the governorate system was retained although variations included the Kremenchug Governorate [ uk ] which
147-685: The Soviet Union into particular territorial units was subject to numerous changes, especially during the 1918–1929 period. Because of the Soviet Union's electrification program under the GOELRO plan , Ivan Alexandrov directed the Regionalisation Commission of Gosplan to divide the Soviet union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts , using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". Eventually, in 1929,
168-735: The cities of more than 10,000 people. In bold are the cities of over 50,000. By the Imperial census of 1897, in bold are languages spoken by more people than the state language. By the Imperial census of 1897, the major religion in the region that was virtually the state religion was the Eastern Orthodox with some population following Judaism . Other religions in the governorate were much less common. 49°34′28″N 34°34′07″E / 49.5744°N 34.5686°E / 49.5744; 34.5686 Guberniya Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor-general such as
189-432: The modern Poltava Oblast of Ukraine , although some: Zolotonosha, Krasnohrad, Pereiaslav and Romny are now part of Cherkasy , Kharkiv , Kyiv and Sumy Oblasts respectively. The Poltava Governorate covered a total area of 49,365 km, and had a population of 2,778,151 according to the 1897 Russian Empire census . It was bordering the following Russian Governorates: Chernigov Governorate and Kursk Governorate to
210-615: The number of governorates was increased to 23 . By the reform of 1775, subdivision into governorates and further into uezds ( Russian : уезды ), was based on population size, and the term guberniya was replaced by the synonym of Russian origin: namestnichestvo ( наместничество ), sometimes translated as "viceroyalty", other times as " vicegerency ". The term guberniya , however, still remained in use. These viceroyalties were governed by namestniki ( наместник ) (literal translation: "deputy") or " governors general " ( генерал-губернатор , general-gubernator ). Correspondingly,
231-603: The recently acquired parts of Finland ; also included portions of St. Petersburg Governorate . 1744 — Orenburg Governorate was created from the lands annexed from Siberian and Astrakhan Governorates . Subdivisions (as of 1763) [ edit ] Archangelgorod Governorate (Архангелогородская губерния) subdivided into 4 provinces : Archangelgorod Province (Архангелогородская провинция) Galich Province (Галицкая провинция) Ustyug Province (Устюжская провинция) Vologda Province (Вологодская провинция) Astrakhan Governorate (Астраханская губерния)
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#1732851618660252-403: The subdivision was replaced by the notions of oblast, okrug , and raion . Oblast as a unit was used even before the revolution, although unlike governorates it designated remote areas that usually incorporated huge swaths of land. In post-Soviet states such as Russia and Ukraine, the term Guberniya is considered obsolete, yet the word gubernator was reinstated and is used when referring to
273-485: The term governorate general ( генерал-губернаторство , general-gubernatorstvo ) was in use to refer to the actual territory being governed. The office of governor general had more administrative power and was in a higher position than the previous office of governor. Sometimes a governor general ruled several governorates. By the ukase of the Russian Senate of December 31, 1796, the office of governorate general
294-587: Was also applied to subdivisions of the Kingdom of Poland ("Russian Poland") and the Grand Duchy of Finland . After the February Revolution , the Russian Provisional Government renamed governors into governorate commissars . The October Revolution left the subdivision in place, but the governing apparatus was replaced by governorate soviets ( губернский совет ). Actual subdivisions of
315-647: Was considered subdivided into 1 province Belgorod Governorate (Белгородская губерния) subdivided into 3 provinces : Belgorod Province (Белгородская провинция) Oryol Province (Орловская провинция) Sevsk Province (Севская провинция) Kazan Governorate (Казанская губерния) subdivided into 6 provinces : Kazan Province (Казанская провинция) Penza Province (Пензенская провинция) Simbirsk Province (Симбирская провинция) Solikamsk Province (Соликамская провинция) Sviyazhsk Province (Свияжская провинция) Vyatka Province (Вятская провинция) Kiev Governorate (Киевская губерния)
336-630: Was considered subdivided into 1 province Voronezh Governorate (Воронежская губерния) subdivided into 5 provinces : Bakhmut Province (Бахмутская провинция) Shatsk Province (Шацкая провинция) Tambov Province (Тамбовская провинция) Voronezh Province (Воронежская провинция) Yeletsk Province (Елецкая провинция) Vyborg Governorate (Выборгская губерния) subdivided into 3 uyezds References [ edit ] Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Russia_in_1744–1764&oldid=1226442111 " Categories : History of
357-530: Was considered subdivided into 1 province (Estland) Riga Governorate (Рижская губерния) was considered subdivided into 1 province St. Petersburg Governorate (Санкт-Петербургская губерния) was considered subdivided into 1 province Siberian Governorate (Сибирская губерния) subdivided into 3 provinces : Irkutsk Province (Иркутская провинция) Tobolsk Province (Тобольская провинция) Yenisei Province (Енисейская провинция) Smolensk Governorate (Смоленская губерния)
378-1605: Was considered subdivided into 1 province (with 12 regiments in Little Russia ) Moscow Governorate (Московская губерния) subdivided into 11 provinces : Kaluga Province (Калужская провинция) Kostroma Province (Костромская провинция) Moscow Province (Московская провинция) Pereyaslavl-Ryazan Province (Переяславль-Рязанская провинция) Pereyaslavl-Zalessk Province (Переяславско-Залесская провинция) Suzdal Province (Суздальская провинция) Tula Province (Тульская провинция) Uglich Province (Угличская провинция) Vladimir Province (Владимирская провинция) Yaroslavl Province (Ярославская провинция) Yuryev Province (Юрьевская провинция) Nizhny Novgorod Governorate (Нижегородская губерния) subdivided into 3 provinces : Alatyr Province (Алатырская провинция) Arzamas Province (Арзамасская провинция) Nizhny Novgorod Province (Нижегородская провинция) Novgorod Governorate (Новгородская губерния) subdivided into 5 provinces : Belozersk Province (Белозерская провинция) Novgorod Province (Новгородская провинция) Pskov Province (Псковская провинция) Tver Province (Тверская провинция) Velikiye Luki Province (Великолуцкая провинция) Orenburg Governorate (Оренбургская губерния) subdivided into 4 provinces : Iset Province (Исетская провинция) Orenburg Province (Оренбургская провинция) Stavropol Province (Ставропольская провинция) Ufa Province (Уфимская провинция) Revel Governorate (Ревельская губерния)
399-478: Was demoted to the previous level of governorate, and Russia was again divided into governorates, which were subdivided into uezds, further subdivided into volosts ( волость ); nevertheless several governorates general made from several governorates existed until the Russian Revolution of 1917 . The governorate ( Russian : губе́рния , Polish : gubernia , Swedish : län , Finnish : lääni ) system
420-1055: Was not subdivided into governorates, and would be annexed by the Second Polish Republic from 1920 until the Soviet invasion of 1939 . There is another meaning of the word as it denoted a type of estate in Lithuania of the until 1917. Administrative divisions of Russia in 1744-1764 (Redirected from Administrative divisions of Russia in 1744-1764 ) [REDACTED] This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . Find sources: "Administrative divisions of Russia in 1744–1764" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( December 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) History of
441-603: Was temporarily formed on its territory (August 1920 – December 1922), and the passing of the Pereyaslav uezd to the Kiev Governorate . However, on Third of June 1925 the guberniya was liquidated and replaced by five okrugs (which already were the uyezd subdivision as of seventh of March 1923): Kremenchutsky, Lubensky, Poltavsky, Prylutsky and Romensky (the rest two okrugs existed within the guberniya, Zolotonoshsky and Krasnohradsky, were also liquidated). Russian Census of 1897 ,
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