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44-535: Granted Magdeburg rights in 1354 by King Kazimierz Wielki , Pilzno has a rich history. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth it was the capital of a powiat , located in the Sandomierz Voivodeship . Most important historical building is St. John's church, with the famous Shrine and Painting of Our Lady of Consolation , founded around 1256. It is located near the medieval market square. In

88-567: A 110 kilometers long branch from Dębica through Sobów (today a part of Tarnobrzeg ) forking to Rozwadów (today a part of Stalowa Wola ) and Nadbrzezie (today in Sandomierz , which at the time was in Russian controlled Congress Poland ), at the northern outskirts of Galicia, reaching a total length of 850 kilometers. To the west, the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis was connected with

132-405: A 42 kilometers long branch from Krasne to Brody . In 1871 a 64 kilometers long segment was built to Tarnopol , followed by 53 kilometers to Podwołoczyska , on the border with the Russian controlled Podolia . In 1873 the branch to Brody was extended to Radziwiłłów in Russian controlled Volhynia . By 1884 the company built a 150 kilometers long branch line from Jarosław to Sokal , and by 1887

176-566: A hundred cities, in Central Europe apart from Germany , including Schleswig , Bohemia , Poland , Pomerania , Prussia , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (following the Christianization of Lithuania ), including present-day Belarus and Ukraine , and probably Moldavia . In these lands they were mostly known as German or Teutonic law. Since the local tribunal of Magdeburg also became

220-431: A medieval town square, in the middle of which there was a town hall, which does not exist now. Apart from parish church, Pilzno had a second church, founded by King Jagiełło, and built in 1403. On March 18, 1657, troops of Transilvanian Prince George II Rakoczi , together with their Cossack allies, attacked Pilzno, plundering the town and burning it to the ground. Like in virtually all towns and cities of Lesser Poland,

264-505: A permission to sell meat to Christians, or employ Christian servants. By at least some contemporary observers, the parallel infrastructure of Jews and gentiles was considered significant; in medieval Poland's royal city development policy, both German merchants and Jews were invited to settle in Polish cities. Among the most advanced systems of old Germanic law of the time, in the 13th and 14th centuries, Magdeburg rights were granted to more than

308-468: A second branch of the same railway they form line nr 25 from Dębica to Łódź Kaliska. The segment from Sobów to Stalowa Wola is designated line nr 74. The branch Jarosław to Sokal is designated as line nr 101, diverting from the original route at Werchrata towards Hrebenne . This Polish rail-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about transport in Ukraine

352-538: A set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by the local ruler. Named after the city of Magdeburg , these town charters were perhaps the most important set of medieval laws in Central Europe . They became the basis for the German town laws developed during many centuries in

396-532: Is considering the construction of a new railway line from Kraków to Niepołomice along a different trail. The branch from Dębica to Nadbrzezie was in 1915, following the Russian occupation of Galicia at the beginning of World War I , connected with a branch line of the Iwangorodzko-Dąbrowska Railway to Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski , constructed in Russian controlled Congress Poland in 1885, today along with

440-476: Is designated as line nr 109, it has a single track electrified along its entire length, today the line is used exclusively by electric multiple units forming part of the Kraków public transport system. The branch to Niepołomice was designated as line nr 113, all traffic on the line was suspended in 2000 and in 2005 the track was dismantled and a local road was built in its place, as of 2022 the current government of Poland

484-501: Is not known when the painting of Our Lady of Consolation was brought to Pilzno. It was already in the town in 1241, when Lesser Poland was invaded by the Mongols . The town was attacked by Asiatic hordes again in 1287, and the painting became famous. King Władysław Łokietek visited Pilzno’s parish church and prayed before the painting, and in 1340, knights of King Kazimierz Wielki, on their way to Red Ruthenia , stopped here as well. In 1386,

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528-506: The Deluge had a disastrous impact on Pilzno. Furthermore, there were several epidemics (1641, 1652, 1665, 1675), which decimated town’s population. In 1772, when Pilzno was annexed by the Habsburg Empire (see Partitions of Poland ), it had 82 houses. Its historic town hall was in such a bad shape that it was demolished in 1774. Pilzno remained part of Galicia until late autumn of 1918. In

572-523: The Holy Roman Empire . The Magdeburg rights were adopted and adapted by numerous monarchs, including the rulers of Bohemia , Hungary , Poland , and Lithuania , a milestone in the urbanization of the region which prompted the development of thousands of villages and cities. Being a member of the Hanseatic League , Magdeburg was one of the most important trade cities, maintaining commerce with

616-512: The Imperial Reform of 1495. The first town to be granted Magdeburg rights in Poland was Złotoryja in 1211. Soon many towns were vested with the law including Wrocław , Opole , Inowrocław , Sandomierz , Gniezno , Poznań , Bochnia , Głogów , Bytom , Sieradz , Kraków , Legnica , Opatów , Konin , Piotrków , Racibórz in the 13th century, whereas Szczecin and Stargard were granted

660-517: The Low Countries , the Baltic states , and the interior (for example Braunschweig ). As with most medieval city laws, the rights were primarily targeted at regulating trade to the benefit of the local merchants and artisans, who formed the most important part of the population of many such cities. External merchants coming into the city were not allowed to trade on their own, but were instead forced to sell

704-570: The Teutonic Order and Duchy of Masovia , as well as some cities under direct Polish and Lithuanian rule, obtained Chełmno rights , a local variant of Magdeburg rights, which prevailed in the area roughly corresponding to today's northeastern quarter of Poland, including the current Polish capital of Warsaw . In addition to this, many towns in the Duchy of Pomerania in modern north-western Poland and other Baltic port cities were granted Lübeck law , thus

748-469: The superior court for these towns, Magdeburg, together with Lübeck , practically defined the law of northern Germany, Poland and Lithuania for centuries, being the heart of the most important "family" of city laws. This role remained until the old Germanic laws were successively replaced with Roman law under the influence of the Reichskammergericht , in the centuries after its establishment during

792-557: The European rail network, despite many low key efforts to improve the situation since the collapse of the Soviet Union . Poland however maintains one of the tracks from Medyka to the main railway station in Przemyśl ( pl:Przemyśl Główny ) at Russian gauge, designated separately as line number 92 , which allows Ukrainian trains to reach the city. The branch line from Kraków to Wieliczka

836-588: The Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis was purchased by the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways in accordance with the terms of the concession. Today the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis remains one of Poland's most important trunk lines. The line from Kraków to Medyka on the Polish-Ukrainian border is designated by the national railway infrastructure manager PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe as Polish line number 91 ,

880-598: The Hungarian invasion of 1474. Pilzno also has a Carmelite monastery with a church (15th century), tenement houses in the market square (19th century), and World War I military cemeteries. A number of Polish Chicagoans hail from Pilzno, and in 2004 their organization the 'Pilzno' Society of Chicago Klub Pilźnian festively celebrated its 80th anniversary Magdeburg rights Magdeburg rights ( German : Magdeburger Recht , Polish : Prawo magdeburskie , Lithuanian : Magdeburgo teisė ; also called Magdeburg Law ) were

924-678: The Lwów – Bełżec (Tomaszów) Railway connected Lwów with Bełżec . In 1872 the First Hungarian-Galician Railway connected Przemyśl with Sátoraljaújhely in the Kingdom of Hungary , creating a direct connection between Lwów and Budapest . In 1876 the Tarnów- Leluchów railway formed a second connection between Galicia and Hungary. By the end of century the company had 175 steam engines, 345 passenger cars and 3755 freight cars. In 1892

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968-595: The Magdeburg rights in Kyiv , Minsk , Tetiiv , Veiviržėnai and Vinnytsia . Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis The Imperial and Royal privileged Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis ( German : k.k.priv. Galizische Carl Ludwig-Bahn , Polish : c.k. uprzyw. Kolej Galicyjska im. Karola Ludwika ) was a privately owned railway company in the Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia operating during

1012-523: The Magdeburg rights. In 1832, the city of Chernivtsi was granted Magdeburg rights by the Austrian authorities. The old towns of Kraków , Lviv , Vilnius and Zamość , considerably developed under the Magdeburg rights, are World Heritage Sites , and Kazimierz Dolny , Lublin , Paczków , Poznań , Przemyśl , Rydzyna , Sandomierz , Stary Sącz , Tykocin and Wrocław are also designated Historic Monuments of Poland . There are memorials to

1056-834: The Pious in 1253. Following the formation of the Polish–Lithuanian union in 1385, Magdeburg rights spread to Lithuania, first granted to the chief cities of Vilnius , Brest and Kaunas , although more slowly than earlier in Poland, especially late in the east and in private towns . In the 15th and 16th centuries, the rights were granted to many other towns, including, chronologically, Trakai , Grodno , Kyiv , Polotsk , Minsk , Novogrudok , Rechytsa , Slonim , Barysaw , Mogilev , Mazyr , Mir , Pińsk , Alytus , Nyasvizh , Šiauliai , Biržai , Lida , Kėdainiai and Vitebsk . Magdeburg rights in Lithuania were initially modeled after

1100-1047: The Polish cities of Kraków and Lublin , and then after Vilnius. Hundreds of towns in Poland and Lithuania, some now located in Belarus, Latvia and Ukraine , were formerly governed on the basis of the location privilege known as the "settlement with German law", excluding local variants of Magdeburg rights, with some of the more notable cities being, chronologically, Lublin , Zielona Góra , Tarnów , Olkusz , Sanok , Bydgoszcz , Rzeszów , Lwów , Będzin , Kielce , Krosno , Wieliczka , Częstochowa , Jarosław , Przemyśl , Chełm , Kazimierz Dolny , Łódź , Kamieniec Podolski , Łuck , Żytomierz , Rivne , Kowel , Siedlce , Leszno , Tarnopol , Rydzyna , Augustów , Płoskirów , Zamość , Daugavpils , Brody , Orsza , Biała Cerkiew , Nowogród Siewierski , Czernihów , Nizhyn , Krzemieńczuk , Vinnytsia , Poltava , Stanisławów , Jēkabpils , Suwałki , Białystok , Uman , Palanga , Telšiai , Cherkasy and Marijampolė . The rights reached

1144-580: The border rail station of Podwołoczyska (today Pidvolochysk ), where it was connected over Zbruch with railroads of the Russian Empire at Wołoczyska ( Volochysk ). Apart from the main, west-east line, the company also built several branch lines of secondary importance. The railway was named in honor of Archduke Charles Louis of Austria , younger brother of the Emperor (and father of the future crown prince Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria ). The company

1188-452: The company constructed another 5 kilometer branch line from Podłęże to Niepołomice and extended the main line 47 kilometers to Rzeszów . By 1859 the line was extended 37 kilometers to Przeworsk , 1860 - 50 kilometers to Przemyśl , and in 1861 reached the Galician capital of Lwów , another 100 kilometers east. By 1869 the line was extended 75 kilometers to Krasne and Złoczów , along with

1232-466: The county was moved to Ropczyce (later to Dębica), despite protests of residents. Furthermore, when in 1936 Dębica became one of main centers of the Central Industrial Region , Pilzno’s importance was further weakened, and it remained so until now. Most important point of interest of the town is a local parish church, which traces back to 1256. It was remodelled in 1370 and in 1482, after

1276-525: The early days of Polish statehood, the area of Pilzno probably belonged to the Vistulans . The name of the town for the first time appears in 1105, in a document issued by Papal legate Gilles , who confirmed that Benedictine monks from Tyniec owned numerous villages and settlements along the Wisłoka river, including Pilzno. In 1328, Benedictine abbot Michał from Tyniec named first sołtys of Pilzno. In 1354,

1320-695: The easternmost cities of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , including Roslavl , Smolensk and Starodub , now part of Russia . The advantages of the Magdeburg rights were not only economic, but also political. Members of noble families were able to join the city patriciate usually unchallenged. There were cases of changing the type of municipal rights, such as in Błonie from Magdeburg to Chełmno rights , and in Bielsk Podlaski and Tykocin from Chełmno to Magdeburg rights. Most towns ruled by

1364-410: The goods they had brought into the city to local traders, if any wished to buy them. Jews and Germans were sometimes competitors in those cities. Jews lived under privileges that they carefully negotiated with the king or emperor . They were not subject to city jurisdiction. These privileges guaranteed that they could maintain communal autonomy, live according to their laws, and be subjected directly to

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1408-443: The line has double tracks between Kraków and Przemyśl, is electrified along its entire length starting since the 1950 and finished in 1972. After the soviet occupation of Eastern Galicia as a result of World War II the segment from Medyka to Lwów and beyond has been converted to Russian broad gauge along with almost all other lines in present day Ukraine , and remains as such as of 2024. This greatly limits interoperability with

1452-529: The mid-19th century, when the Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis was built, it was designed to be some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) north of the town, and as a result, Pilzno failed to develop. Also, the area of Pilzno was a center of the Galician slaughter . In 1869, Pilzno County was re-created. In the late 19th century, town’s market square was paved, the complex of a high school was built, and in 1914,

1496-461: The old common law of Poland in private relations. Local variants of Magdeburg law were created, such as Środa law based on the rights granted to Środa Śląska by Henry the Bearded in 1235, Kalisz law, a variant of the Środa law, based on the rights granted to Kalisz by Bolesław the Pious before 1268, and Poznań law, a variant of Magdeburg rights, based on the rights granted to Poznań by Bolesław

1540-481: The original Magdeburg law was relatively rare in what is now northern Poland. In the medieval Kingdom of Hungary , the first town to receive the Magdeburg rights was Székesfehérvár in 1237, followed by Trnava (1238), Nitra (1248), Levoča (1271) and Žilina (1369). Towns and cities including Bardejov , Buda , Bratislava and Košice adopted the Southern German Nuremberg town rights, rather than

1584-405: The population of the town was 2,400, with a significant Jewish minority, which made one-third of residents and which owned most local stores. During World War I Pilzno was occupied by Russians from September 1914 to May 1915. The Russians were driven away on May 6, 1915, and on November 1, 1918, Pilzno became independent, when local civil servants destroyed Austrian symbols. In 1931, the seat of

1628-613: The rail systems of Bohemia and Austria at the junctions of Cieszyn and Bohumin . In 1866 the Lwów-Czerniowce-Jassy Railway connected Lwów with Czerniowce , the capital of the Duchy of Bukovina and a year later with Jassy , the capital of Principality of Moldova outside the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1873 the Railway of Archduke Albrecht connected Lwów with Stanisławów through Stryj and Dolina . In 1887

1672-402: The rights in 1243 by the duke of Pomerania. The Law of Magdeburg implemented in Poland was different from its original German form. It was combined with a set of civil and criminal laws, and adjusted to include the urban planning popular across Western Europe – which was based (more or less) on the ancient Roman model. Meanwhile, country people often ignorant of the actual German text, practiced

1716-465: The royal couple – King Władysław Jagiełło and his wife, Queen Jadwiga of Poland prayed here as well. In the Battle of Grunwald , the flag of knights of Sandomierz Land included, among others, a copy of the painting. In the late Middle Ages , Pilzno was burned twice. First in 1474, during the Polish – Hungarian war, and then in 1498, during a Tatar raid. The painting was destroyed in 1474, and ca. 1500, it

1760-448: The royal jurisdiction in matters concerning Jews and Christians. One of the provisions granted to Jews was that a Jew could not be compelled to be a Gewährsmann /informant; that is, he had the right to keep confidential how he had acquired objects in his possession. A Jew with this right could voluntarily divulge who had gifted, sold, or loaned him the object, but it was illegal to coerce him to say. Other provisions frequently mentioned were

1804-545: The time of the partitions of Poland in the second half of the 19th century. The company was managed by Prince Leon Sapieha , under a license granted to him by Emperor Francis Joseph I on 7 April 1858. Once finished, the line crossed whole Galicia from west to east at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains , connecting the main urban centers of the province - Kraków , Tarnów , Rzeszów , Przemyśl , Lwów (Lemberg) and Tarnopol . It started in Kraków and ended at

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1848-564: The village became a royal possession, and King Kazimierz Wielki granted it Magdeburg rights . At that time, Pilzno was conveniently located at the intersection of two busy merchant routes: west–east (from Kraków to Red Ruthenia ), and north–south (from Sandomierz to the Kingdom of Hungary ). The town belonged to the Duchy of Sandomierz, which later became Sandomierz Voivodeship . It was the capital of Pilzno County, which included Tarnów , Dębica , Ropczyce , Mielec , and Sędziszów Małopolski . It

1892-656: Was formed from the privatization of the Austrian Eastern National Railway , whose asset west of Kraków were transferred to the Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway , while a 111 kilometer long line from Kraków to Dębica through Bochnia and Tarnów , along with a 5 kilometer branch line from Bieżanów (today a part of Kraków) to the salt mine in Wieliczka , was assigned to the newly created Galician Railway of Archduke Charles Luis. In 1858

1936-515: Was re-created, by a German artist Lazarus Gertner. At that time, Pilzno was one of the most important towns of southeastern Lesser Poland. Several artisans of different skills were active here, and town council profited from tolls collected for crossing the bridge over the Wisłoka . There were fairs which attracted a number of people, and local merchants traded with merchants from Hungary, buying from them Hungarian wines, which were very popular in Poland. Due to its Magdeburg rights charter, Pilzno has

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