Misplaced Pages

#674325

29-409: Central Industrial Region may refer to: Central Industrial Region (Poland) Central Industrial Oblast , Russia Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Central Industrial Region . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

58-525: A triangle of security , an industrial region in the middle of the country, which would be secure from any aggression by Germany or the Soviet Union . The plan was finally approved in 1936 by the Polish government. By April 1938, the plan, which had already set in motion in some parts of the country, was expanded to the territories beyond those covered by the original plan for the most secure 'triangle'. The COP

87-596: A forest near Skarżysko-Kamienna. Germans carried out several executions and massacres in the town. On 30 September 1942, 29 Poles, including merchants, teachers and local officials, were hanged at the Market Square. In 1944, the Germans poured corrosive substances into their mass grave in attempt to cover up the crime. Most of the town's Jewish community of app. 11,000 was murdered in the Holocaust in 1943–1944. Ostrowiec

116-521: A secure haven for Polish industry. The idea of the safe triangle came from the thinking of the Polish military strategists during World War I and the Polish—Russian War in 1919–1920. This idea was upgraded during the late 1930s and many of the factories crucial to the war effort got distributed across the country. Moreover, the PZL.37 Łoś , a medium bomber, the factory was successfully moved and reassembled in

145-678: A town charter in 1613. Ostrowiec lies on the Kamienna river. Its northern districts are located in the Iłża Foothills, while the southern part belongs to the Opatów Upland. The Świętokrzyskie Mountains lie a few kilometers away, southwest of Ostrowiec. There are two interesting places near Ostrowiec: the archaeological reserve at Krzemionki (a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Historic Monument of Poland ) and dinosaur park in Bałtów . Ostrowiec

174-488: A town. In the 1970s, a new metallurgical plant was opened. In the 1990s, the metallurgical industry experienced a big crisis. The steel plant was bought then by Spanish CELSA Group. The city also accepted Ukrainian athletes after the Russian invasion. Inhabitants of Ostrowiec are known to be involved in many culture and arts activities. The town has a variety of cultural institutions including: Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski also boasts

203-552: Is a city in southeastern Poland , in the historical region of Lesser Poland , with 66,258 residents (as of 2021). The town is one of the historic centers of Polish industry and metallurgy , and was part of the Old-Polish Industrial Region , the oldest industrial basin of the country. Ostrowiec is the capital city of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski County , part of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (since 1999), previously it belonged to Kielce Voivodeship (1975–1998). It received

232-528: Is divided into 20 osiedla . The oldest testimonies of human habitation date back to the Stone Age (ca 4000 BC). At that time, there were nomadic tribes belonging to, among others, the Lengyel and Globular Amphora cultures. They came here from Danube river region. The earliest documents about Ostrowiec village, that gave beginning to the contemporary Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski come from 14th century. At that time

261-414: Is located at the intersection of National Road No. 9 (part of European route E371 ), and local roads 751, 754, 755. Furthermore, since 1884 the town has had a rail connection, along electrified rail line No. 25, which goes from Łódź Kaliska to Dębica . In the 1960s, the Polish government planned construction of a rail line from Kielce to Lublin via Ostrowiec. The area of the town is 46 km , and it

290-689: The Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown . The city itself, at that time part of Sandomierz Voivodeship , was built from scratch in 1597 by Jakub Gawroński of Rawa coat of arms on the left bank of the Kamienna river, situated in the Vistula river basin. It received town privileges in 1613. It became a property of Janusz Ostrogski , a statesman and one of

319-595: The Second Polish Republic Ostrowiec developed, due to its location in Central Industrial Area . The town belonged to Opatow County , and before World War II its population was app. 30,000. In 1937 it was officially named Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski. Earlier on, the names Ostrowiec Kielecki and Ostrowiec nad Kamienna had been used. During the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II ,

SECTION 10

#1732848805675

348-928: The Wehrmacht captured the town on 8 September 1939. Afterwards it was occupied by Germany and included within the Radom District of the General Government , formed of German-occupied central Poland. In 1940 the Germans carried out mass arrests of Poles as part of the AB-Aktion . Poles arrested in March were either deported to Nazi concentration camps or massacred in Góry Wysokie , while those arrested in June were imprisoned and tortured in Skarżysko-Kamienna and then murdered in

377-656: The COP and similar projects, like the construction of the seaport in Gdynia , were the most outstanding achievements of the Second Polish Republic, marking the beginning of the new era of recently regained independence. The COP plan was continued by the communist government of Poland after the Second World War. However, as the end date for the plan was the end of July 1940, and Poland did not have sufficient capital to carry out

406-413: The Second World War, with their rapid advances by extremely well-equipped infantry (better than even their British and French counterparts) and fast motorized forces (heavy losses suffered by Panzer divisions were one of the reasons, the Germans created, what became known after World War II was over, as blitzkrieg tactics ) and long-range air attacks, ensured that the COP region apparently failed to provide

435-562: The easternmost Poland that fell to the Soviet advance after September 17, 1939. In any event, the German dismemberment of Czechoslovakia outflanked Poland from the south and put the majority of COP factories in the direct path of German advance from Slovakia. During the German occupation, most of the factories were converted to contribute to the German war effort. After the war, the COP-initiated industrial enterprises were further expanded and for

464-471: The entire plan on its own, few of the intended projects were completely operational before the war broke out, and many other ones were not launched at all. Consequently, their contribution to the equipment of the Polish Army in the run-up to the war was relatively insignificant, and did little to offset the crushing material superiority of the German armed forces. German encirclement and annihilation tactics in

493-544: The expansion of Zakłady Azotowe in Mościce . The military industry in the Staropolski Okręg Przemysłowy was expanded in the towns of Radom , Skarżysko-Kamienna , Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski , Starachowice , and Kielce . Most of those investments were located in regions with high unemployment, and their construction succeeded in reducing social tensions and began to strengthen the Polish economy. The development of

522-531: The first half of 1938, the total population of all the COP's towns and cities grew by 20%. According to a press release from January 1939, out of 33 towns and cities located at the confluence of the San and the Vistula rivers, as many as 23 needed new schools. Ostrowiec %C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyski Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski ( Polish: [ɔsˈtrɔvjɛt͡s ɕfjɛntɔˈkʂɨskʲi] ), often referred to as Ostrowiec ,

551-697: The idea of Stanisław Staszic , who promoted industrialization of the Kamienna river valley, based on local deposits of coal and iron ore, numerous plants were opened in the area. In 1837 - 1839, the Klimkiewicz Steelworks was opened (named after its founder Antoni Klimkiewicz), which later came to be known as the Ostrowiec Works (Zaklady Ostrowieckie). The plant became the second largest in Congress Poland , and in its vicinity, various enterprises were opened, together with workers establishment. Ostrowiec

580-428: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Industrial_Region&oldid=958147240 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Central Industrial Region (Poland) Starting in 1928, there were recurring attempts to create

609-485: The most part, continue to function until today. Melchior Wańkowicz , in his 1939 book Sztafeta , emphasized the fact that the quick growth of the COP's towns and cities was not followed by necessary investments in infrastructure, especially schools and housing. As Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny announced on January 10, 1939, in the first half of 1938, the population of Rzeszów grew by 24%, that of Sandomierz by 29%, Tarnobrzeg by 49%, and Mielec by 58%. Altogether, in

SECTION 20

#1732848805675

638-521: The national average of 30%. There were several arguments for the location of the COP: The COP plan required a massive financial investment, just the development of the infrastructure and the military industry being estimated at 3 billion zlotys . As expectations of war grew, there was too little private investment in Europe in the late 1930s and so the Polish government carried most of the burden for financing

667-713: The project. From 1937 to 1939, the COP had consumed approximately 60% of all Polish investment funds. The following industrial projects were part of the plan: a steel mill ( Huta Stalowa Wola ) and power plant in a brand new city of Stalowa Wola , a rubber factory in Dębica , an automobile factory in Lublin , an aircraft factory in Mielec , an aircraft engine and artillery factory in Rzeszów , hydroelectric power plants in Rożnów and Myczkowce , and

696-479: The richest magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Later it belonged to many Polish aristocratic families: Tarnowski family , Czartoryski family , Lubomirski family , Radziwiłł family , Zasławski family , Sanguszko family , Wielopolski family, Dobrzański family, Łubieński family. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Ostrowiec emerged as a main center of Polish industry. Following

725-554: The town center by a Home Army unit in his own car. The Poles fled towards the nearby village of Chmielów . A German pursuit group of 60 people followed the car. Because of a car defect, the kidnappers were caught up in Chmielów, where a shootout ensued, which resulted in three Poles being killed. German troops withdraw westwards on 16 January 1945. Ostrowiec continued its development in the postwar period. In 1954, several villages were annexed, including Denków , which itself had once been

754-528: The village was called Ostrow, and was located on the right bank of the Kamienna. In the early 16th century, a local nobleman Kacper Maciejewski tried to establish here a town, but failed to do so. In 1564 town charter was granted to the settlement of Denków (also called Wielki Michów), which is now one of the Ostrowiec districts. Denków was a private town , administratively located in the Sandomierz County in

783-448: Was a lively centre of the Polish resistance movement . There was underground weapons production. Independent underground Polish press printed in nearby Sandomierz was distributed in Ostrowiec since 1940. A very significant action carried out by the local Polish underground was the kidnapping of the German city commissioner Bruno Motschall. In 1943, Motschall was kidnapped in broad daylight in

812-481: Was located in the territories of the following former voivodeships : the eastern parts of Kielce Voivodship and Kraków Voivodship , the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship , and the western part of Lwów Voivodeship , or in other terms, 46 powiats , constituting 15.4% of the territory of Poland and inhabited by 17% of Poland's population. The urbanization factor of those territories was 17% (94 cities), compared to

841-749: Was one of main centers of the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907) . On 27 December 1905 the so-called Ostrowiec Republic was established, and for two weeks, the town and the county were ruled by the Polish Socialist Party , headed by Ignacy Boerner. The Republic was ended after the arrival of two infantry regiments of the Imperial Russian Army . The Ostrowiec Works was severely damaged during World War I , and on 3 November 1918 newly established Polish authorities took control over Ostrowiec. In

#674325