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89-588: The Philippine Centennial was a series of celebrations by the Philippine government to primarily commemorate the 100th anniversary of the proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898. The Philippine Centennial primarily commemorates the 100th anniversary of the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898. It also commemorates other events in the Philippine Revolution and

178-459: A civil service entrance examination to assess qualifications and work integrity for employment in the sector. The Commission on Elections enforces and administers all laws and regulations related to conducting elections, plebiscites , initiatives , referendums, and recalls . It decides on all decisions surrounding election protests and contests and has the right to deputize and take control of law enforcement and state security forces to ensure

267-479: A supertall structure as part of the commemorations. The proposed structure was the 390 meters (1,280 ft) Centennial Tower which was designed by Filipino architect Francisco Mañosa . The project, which was proposed to be built at the Luneta Park , was met with controversy due to its scale and planned site. The tower was never built. Philippine government The powers of the three branches are vested by

356-462: A coffin such as a rosary, bible, torah, Quran, crucifix, star and moon, or the star of David. This is allowed by law to symbolize the belief and principle of "God above country". The Philippines does not utilize a separate war flag ; instead, the national flag itself is used for this purpose. To indicate a state of war, the red field is flown upwards and is placed on the right (i.e., the observer's left) when hung vertically. In times of peace, however,

445-636: A contemporary of the original flag. However, the essay concluded that it could not be one being unfurled during the independence declaration in Kawit because it is made of mix silk and cotton farbic. According to Agoncillo's statement in Philippine Herald in 1929, the flag she sewn was made in fine silk. Hostilities broke out between the Philippines and the United States in 1899. The flag was first flown with

534-550: A horizontal blue stripe for peace, truth, and justice; and a horizontal red stripe for patriotism and valor . In the center of the white triangle is an eight-rayed golden sun symbolizing unity, freedom, people's democracy, and sovereignty. Each ray represents a province or district with significant involvement in the 1896 Philippine Revolution against Spain; these are the provinces Manila , Bulacan , Cavite , Pampanga , Laguna , Batangas , and Nueva Ecija (some sources specify other provinces as alternatives to some of these ) and

623-421: A ninth ray to the flag's sun but adding a fourth star to the flag, representing North Borneo (present-day Sabah ), a territory claimed by the Philippines but currently under Malaysian sovereignty. The flag's triangle is changed into a rectangle to accommodate the fourth star. According to Osorio, the star representing Sabah in his proposed flag was added "in principle" and said the flag proposal seeks to express

712-508: A result was implicated in a political scandal, which was known as the Expo scam. The shade of blue of the Flag of the Philippines has been a subject of debate by historians. American blue (navy blue) has been used for the flag prior to 1998, with a lighter blue (Oriental blue) used briefly during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos from 1985 to 1986. Royal Blue was codified as the official shade of blue of

801-450: A rising sun above a blue and red ribbon which twirls to form the number "100". The logo contains the centennial's slogan "Kalayaan, Kayamanan ng Bayan" ( transl.  Freedom, Wealth of the Nation ) which presents the concept that "freedom" is the wealth of the country, the said slogan was won by Joachim Medroso on the said competition. Aklanon songwriter-composer Dante Beriong composed

890-511: A sign of mourning. Upon the official announcement of the death of the president or a former president, the flag should be flown at half-mast for ten days. The flag should be flown at half-mast for seven days following the death of the vice president , the chief justice , the president of the Senate or the speaker of the House of Representatives . The flag may also be required to fly at half-mast upon

979-453: A sun, the meaning of which are as follows: the red is symbolic of Filipino courage which is second to none, and was the color used during the war in the province of Cavite since the 31st of August 1896, until the Peace of Biak-na-Bato [in 1897]; the blue carries an allegorical meaning that all Filipinos will prefer to die before submitting ourselves to the invader, whoever he may be; the white conveys

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1068-748: Is bicameral , consisting of the Senate of the Philippines and the House of Representatives . The two chambers have roughly equal powers, and every bill or resolution that has to go through both houses needs the consent of both chambers before being passed for the President's signature. The Senate is located in Pasay , while the House of Representatives is located in Quezon City , both of which are in Metro Manila . The Senate of

1157-485: Is a horizontal bicolor flag with equal bands of royal blue and crimson red , with a white, equilateral chevron at the hoist . In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays, to represent the original eight provinces that rebelled against the Spanish during the 1896 Philippine Revolution . At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow star, each of which representing one of

1246-463: Is illegal. When displaying the Philippine flag with another flag in a crossed position, the former should hang on the left side of the observer and its staff should be displayed over the staff of the second flag. The display of two crossed Philippine flags is not permissible. In the case of the Philippine flag's display on a stage or platform such as in a speech, the flag's staff should be positioned on

1335-577: Is led by the President of the Senate . The current senate president is Francis Escudero . The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower house of the Congress. The House consists of district and sectoral representatives elected for a term of three years and may be re-elected for three consecutive terms. Each bill has to be approved by the House, after which it is sent to the Senate. Furthermore, all franchise and money bills must originate from

1424-673: Is meant to represent the Moro community. The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residences , public plazas , and schools every day throughout the year. All other places as may be designated by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines as such. The days of May 28 (National Flag Day) and June 12 (Independence Day) are designated as flag days, during which all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business establishments, institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display

1513-539: Is more elaborate than the flag which is currently in use. It bears the embroidered words, Libertad, Justicia and Igualdad (Liberty, Justice, and Equality) on one side of the flag and Fuerzas Expedicionarias del Norte de Luzon (Expeditionary forces of Northern Luzon) on the other. In a 2012 essay, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines acknowledged that the flag kept in Baguio as authentic and

1602-595: Is the highest ever currency denomination issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , the Philippines' central bank. In December 1998, another Centennial commemorative banknote were issued by the BSP, the 2,000-Piso Banknote and they issued for the limited amount of 300,000 pieces. From 1997 to 1998, BSP released one-hundred peso banknote featuring the Philippine Centennial logo at the watermark area. The version without

1691-406: Is twice its width, giving it an aspect ratio of 1:2. The length of all the sides of the white triangle are equal to the width of the flag. Each star is oriented in such manner that one of its tips points towards the vertex at which it is located. Moreover, the gap-angle between two neighbors of the 8 ray-bundles is as large as the angle of one ray-bundle (so 22.5°), with each major ray having double

1780-669: The Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1898, after the Spaniards were defeated and surrendered to Aguinaldo. A Manila Times article by Augusto de Viana, Chief History Researcher, National Historical Institute, mentions assertions in history textbooks and commemorative rites that the flag was first raised in Alapan, Imus , Cavite , on May 28, 1898, citing Presidential Proclamation No. 374, issued by President Diosdado Macapagal on March 6, 1965. The article goes on to claim that historical records indicate that

1869-514: The Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines —the Senate is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the president. Judicial power is vested in the courts, with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as

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1958-633: The National Historical Institute "to take the necessary steps to restore the original color of the First Philippine Flag". In late May, the NHI adopted Oriental Blue (Cable No. 80176) for the new national flag, but this was later rescinded by President Corazon C. Aquino after the 1986 People Power Revolution that removed him from power in favor of pre-1985 National Flag Blue. For the 1998 centennial celebration of Philippine independence,

2047-519: The University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City. The symbolism of the ninth ray varies by proponent. Prior to the 1998 independence centennial celebrations, the provincial government of Zambales lobbied that the sunburst design accommodate a ninth ray, reasoning that their province was also in a state of rebellion in 1896. The Centennial Commission however refuted this change, based on research by

2136-602: The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines (Republic Act. 8491, s. 1998) was passed, designating Royal Blue (Cable No. 80173) as the official variant to be used from 1998 to present. The flag's colors are specified and codified under Republic Act 8491, s. 1998 signed on February 12, 1998, in terms of their cable number in the system developed by the Color Association of the United States . The official colors and their approximations in other color spaces are listed below: In

2225-560: The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines. This measure was later superseded by Senate Bill No. 3307 which was sponsored by Senator Francis Escudero and approved in September 2009. The bill was sent to the House of Representatives for concurrence with House Bill 6424. Both S.B. No. 3307 and H.B. 6424 was reconciled by the Bicameral Conference Committee in September 2009. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, however, vetoed

2314-526: The House. The House of Representatives also has the power to impeach certain officials. The House of Representatives is headed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives . The current speaker is Martin Romualdez . Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court of the Philippines and lower courts established by law. The Supreme Court, which has a chief justice as its head and 14 associate justices , occupies

2403-498: The IPOPHIL has allowed businesses to use elements of the flag to invoke the national symbol as long as the intellectual property is neither a "true representation" of the Philippine flag nor a "modification that would amount to defacement of the flag". According to Republic Act 8491 itself, it shall be prohibited: The Act mandates that violators shall, upon conviction, be punished by fine or imprisonment. The Pledge of Allegiance to

2492-568: The Interior and Local Government. The usage of the flag is permissible if the flag itself has been part of the LGU's history such as in the case of Kawit, Cavite , which is the site of the declaration of Philippine independence. The Philippine flag itself is not eligible to be trademarked according to the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHIL) since the flag is "owned by

2581-653: The Japanese. With the combined forces of the Filipino and American soldiers and the liberation of the Philippines in 1944 to 1945, the flag with the American colors was restored, and it was this flag that was hoisted upon the granting of Philippine independence from the United States on July 4, 1946. Proposals to add a ninth ray to the sun of the Philippine flag dates as early as 1969, when the Ninth Ray historical reform movement started at

2670-451: The Katipunan, such as Andrés Bonifacio , Mariano Llanera , and Pío del Pilar , also had individual war standards. The Philippine national flag was designed by Emilio Aguinaldo . It was sewn by Doña Marcela Mariño Agoncillo , her five-year-old daughter Lorenza Mariño Agoncillo, and Mrs. Delfina Herbosa Natividad , Dr. José Rizal 's niece by his sister Lucia. It was first displayed in

2759-429: The National Historical Commission. When flown at half-mast, the flag should be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to the half-mast position. It should be raised to the peak again before it is lowered for the day. A bill was filed in 2014, to mandate the flying of the flag at half-mast as a tribute to public school teachers. Under the proposal the flag shall be flown at half-mast for at least five days at

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2848-532: The National Historical Institute. In August 2003, then Foreign Affairs Secretary Blas Ople also lobbied for a ninth ray, saying that Quezon should be added. He reasons that the first uprising against the Spaniards happened at the foot of Mount Banahaw which was led by Hermano Pule in 1841. In December 1987, congressman Alawadin Bandon Jr. of Tawi-Tawi proposed the addition of a ninth ray to

2937-404: The Ninth Ray movement's view that "if we get Sabah, then it could be represented by the star". There was a proposal to add a crescent moon during the administration of President Fidel V. Ramos in a lead up to the 1998 Philippine Centennial. Ramos directed Education Secretary Ricardo Gloria in 1995 to form a commission of scholars to research on the possible modification of the flag. The crescent

3026-546: The Philippine Centennial theme song, "Mabuhay Ka Pilipino". The Philippine National Centennial Exposition, a world's fair featuring the Philippines' culture and history was held as part of the commemorations. The site of the exhibition was built at the Clark Special Economic Zone in Pampanga . The project for the exhibition's facilities was riddled with graft and bidding irregularities. President Fidel V. Ramos as

3115-472: The Philippine Islands. Up until the eve of World War II, Flag Day was celebrated on annually on October 30, commemorating the date the ban on the flag was lifted. The Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated in 1935. On March 25, 1936, President Manuel L. Quezon issued Executive Order No. 23 which provided for the technical description and specifications of the flag. Among the provisions of

3204-480: The Philippine flag (distinct from the Patriotic Oath of Allegiance ) should be recited while standing with the right hand with palm open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge are permitted to excuse themselves, but are required by law to show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by standing at attention. The law makes no statement regarding

3293-466: The Philippine flag in 1998 through Republic Act No. 8491 signed on February 12, 1998. President Fidel V. Ramos issued Executive Order No 179 in 1994 which mandates the observance of National Flag Days from May 28 to June 12 every year. All establishments are therefore obliged to display the Philippine flag from sunrise to sunset on those dates. May 28 marks the date of the Battle of Alapan in Imus, Cavite when

3382-517: The Philippine flag to the various war standards of the individual leaders of the Katipunan , a pseudo- masonic revolutionary movement that opposed Spanish rule in the Philippines and led the Philippine Revolution . However, while some symbols common to the Katipunan flags would be adopted into the iconography of the Revolution, it is inconclusive whether these war standards can be considered precursors to

3471-518: The Philippine flag was believed to have been first unfurled. Infrastructure projects were implemented as part of the Philippine Centennial. The Old Legislative Building in Manila which used to host the Senate of the Philippines was renovated and converted to a museum – now known as the National Museum of Fine Arts . The Libingan ng mga Bayani was likewise renovated in 1998. There was a plan to build

3560-544: The Philippine flag's sun to represent "Muslim participation" in the Philippine Revolution , arguing that "As a Muslim I am assaulted by a feeling of alienation in being excluded from the symbolic narration of the great history of the country." Senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr. later expressed the same view, filing a Senate Bill seeking the addition of a ninth ray representing Filipino Muslims in March 1988. In 2008, Senator Richard Gordon filed Senate Bill No. 2590 which aimed to amend

3649-590: The Philippines establishes three independent constitutional commissions: the Civil Service Commission , the Commission on Elections , and the Commission on Audit . The Civil Service Commission is the central personnel agency of the Philippine government. It is responsible for strengthening employment and a conducive work environment in the civil service sector and overseeing the Civil Service Exam,

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3738-446: The Philippines is the country's chief executive, serving as the head of state and head of government . The president heads all executive departments . The heads of the departments, which make up the cabinet , are appointed by the president subject to the approval of the Commission on Appointments . The president also supervises all local government units. The president may also give executive issuances , grant pardons , and exercise

3827-444: The Philippines is the upper house of Congress. Senators are elected for a term of six years; they can be re-elected but may not run for a third consecutive term. Once a bill is approved by the House of Representatives, it is passed onto the Senate. A bill must first be approved by the Senate in order to be passed for the president's signature to become a law. Only the Senate can concur with treaties and try impeachment cases. The Senate

3916-782: The Rio de la Plata , Argentina and Uruguay , which in turn represent Inti the Incan Sun-god; a triangle, representing the Katipunan which inspired by the Eye of Providence in the Great Seal of the United States and the Masonic Triangle and which enshrined Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité of the French Revolution ; the stripes and colors derived from the American flag . The particular shade of blue of

4005-524: The United Kingdom and the United States in 1944, by soldiers and civilians during the attempted coups d'états against President Corazon Aquino 's administration, and by militants and rallyists during EDSA III . The usage of the Philippine flag as an element of a local government unit's (LGU; provinces, cities, and municipalities) seal is discouraged as per Memorandum Circular 92-30 of the Department of

4094-740: The blue area is the superior field. On this case, the Philippine flag is the only official country flag in the world that can be flipped when the country is at war. The red side-up orientation of the flag was used by the First Philippine Republic during the Philippine–American War from 1899 to 1901, by the Philippine Commonwealth during World War II from 1941 to 1945, by the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic when it declared war against

4183-472: The committee as the National Centennial Commission through Executive Order No. 128. It also expanded the committee to include certain government officials including Cabinet secretaries and former Vice President Salvador Laurel . The conduct of the centennial had the following goals: A commemorative ₱100,000 banknote was issued as part of the centennial celebrations in 1998. The banknote

4272-414: The country's three main island groups— Luzon , Visayas (though originally referring to the island of Panay ), and Mindanao . The white triangle at the hoist represents liberty , equality , and fraternity . A unique feature of this flag is its usage to indicate a state of war if it is displayed with the red side on top, which is effectively achieved by flipping the flag upside-down. The flag's length

4361-689: The creation of two autonomous regions, one in the Cordilleras of Luzon and another in Muslim Mindanao ; at present, only the latter exists, with the former remaining an administrative division. The Bangsamoro is an autonomous region located in Mindanao. Established in 2019, the region replaced the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . The region has a regional parliamentary system separate from

4450-526: The death of other persons to be determined by the National Historical Institute, for a period less than seven days. The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by

4539-590: The district of Morong (modern-day province of Rizal ). However, according to the Declaration of Independence and a research by Ateneo de Manila University Professor Ambeth Ocampo , the rays of the sun symbolized the first eight provinces of the Philippines which was declared under martial law during the Philippine Revolution ( Batangas , Bulacan , Cavite , Manila , Laguna , Nueva Ecija , Pampanga and Tarlac ). Three five-pointed stars, one at each of

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4628-674: The earlier part of the Philippine-American war including the execution of José Rizal (1896), the Cry of Pugad Lawin , the death of Andres Bonifacio , the exile of Emilio Aguinaldo in 1897 (See Hong Kong Junta ), the Capture of Malolos , the death of Antonio Luna , and the Battle of Tirad Pass . The Philippine Centennial culminates with the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the Malolos Constitution on September 15, 1898, that led to

4717-483: The establishment of the First Republic on January 23, 1899. The implementation of the Philippine Centennial is largely overseen by the administration of President Fidel V. Ramos . It was part of Ramos' program Philippines 2000 which envisions the Philippines as a newly industrialized country by the year 2000. The government body which organized the centennial was the National Centennial Commission (NCC). The NCC

4806-524: The first display of the Philippine flag took place in Cavite City , when General Aguinaldo displayed it during the first fight of the Philippine Revolution . The flag was formally unfurled during the proclamation of independence on June 12, 1898, in Aguinaldo's Residence at Kawit , Cavite . The original design of the flag adopted a mythical sun ( Sun of May ) with a face influenced by The Republics of

4895-501: The flag were first standardized by President Ramón Magsaysay , upon the recommendation of the Philippine Historical Committee (PHC) dated January 24, 1955. Specifically, the colors adopted were Old Glory Red (Cable No. 70180), National Flag Blue (Cable No. 70077), Spanish Yellow (Cable No. 70068), and White (70001) by the Reference Guide of the Textile Color Card Association of the United States . In 1985, President Ferdinand E. Marcos through Executive Order No. 1010, s. 1985 instructed

4984-405: The flag with the original Cuban blue and red colors restored. The flag was initially flown with the blue stripe up, until President José P. Laurel proclaimed the existence of a state of war with the Allied Powers in 1944. The Commonwealth government-in-exile in Washington, D.C. continued to use the flag with the American colors, and had flown it with the red stripe up since the initial invasion of

5073-405: The flag's colors commemorate the flag of the United States as a manifestation of gratitude for American aid against the Spanish during the Philippine Revolution . It also says that one of the three stars represents the island of Panay , which recent historical interpretations say was "representative of the entire Visayas region". It has been common since the 1960s to trace the development of

5162-584: The flag. But in recent years, the flag days are now from May 28 to June 30 yearly to promote patriotism and to celebrate the nation's independence. Display of the Philippine flag by the public, on their properties, during sporting matches, etc., is legal and not unheard of even at other times of year. The display of the Philippine flag in cockpit arenas , casinos, disco venues, night and day clubs, gambling joints, houses of prostitution , methamphetamine consumption areas, strip clubs , rub'n'tug s, methadone clinics, and "places of vice or where frivolity prevails"

5251-399: The free and orderly conduct of elections. The Commission on Audit is responsible for examining, auditing , and settling all revenues and expenditures of public funds and properties used by the government or its attached agencies. The three branches of the Philippine government are independently monitored by the Office of the Ombudsman ( Filipino : Tanodbayan ). The ombudsman is given

5340-411: The gentlemen assembled here—[List of names of the delegates]—and we all solemnly swear to acknowledge and defend it to the last drop of our blood. The symbolism given in the 1898 Proclamation of Philippine Independence differs from the current official explanation. According to the document, the white triangle signifies the emblem of the Katipunan , the secret society that opposed Spanish rule. It says

5429-552: The highest judicial body. The Executive Branch of government comprise the Cabinet and all executive departments , led by the president . The president and vice president are directly elected separately by national popular vote for a term of six years. While the vice president may be re-elected unlimited number of times (but not consecutively ), the president is barred from seeking re-election. The incumbent president and vice president are Bongbong Marcos and Sara Duterte , respectively, who were elected in 2022 . The president of

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5518-410: The highest tier of the judiciary. The justices serve until the age of 70. The justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council of the Philippines. The sitting chief justice is Alexander Gesmundo , the 27th to serve in that position. Other types of courts, of varying jurisdiction around the archipelago, are the following: Article 9 of the Constitution of

5607-442: The highest to the lowest division: Regions are the highest administrative division in the Philippines, primarily used to coordinate planning and organize national services. Administrative regions are not local government units themselves but instead consist of several local government units. Meanwhile, autonomous regions are regions that have control over their governance, culture, and economy. The 1987 Constitution only allows for

5696-438: The idea that, like other nations, the Filipinos know how to govern themselves, and that they do not recede from observation of foreign powers. The sun and its rays stirred up Filipinos and spread the light over their world, piercing the clouds that enshrouded it; it is now the light which brightens every spot in the Philippine islands, and under its influence the Itas, Igorots, Manguians, and Moros, all of whom I believe were made in

5785-466: The image of God, and whom I recognize as our brethren, now come down from the mountains to join with us. The original flag that was first hoisted on May 28, 1898, and unfurled during the Declaration of independence on June 12, 1898, is believed to being preserved at the Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Museum in Baguio . There were plans to restore the flag by replacing the worn-out portion but the idea was abandoned because matching threads could not be found. The flag

5874-481: The language in which the pledge must be recited, but the pledge is written (and therefore recited) in the Filipino language . Spanish, Tagalog and English versions of the national anthem have been given official status throughout Philippine history. However, only the most recent and current "Filipino" version is officially recognized by law. The Flag and Heraldic Code, approved on February 12, 1998, specifies, Lupang Hinirang , "The National Anthem shall always be sung in

5963-434: The late 19th century, both Manila and Iloilo , the archipelago's largest ports, each had maritime flags used for navigation in the Philippine seas. Both maritime flags were swallowtail flags with red and blue stripes, respectively, which were later adopted in the Philippine flag. The Philippine national flag has a rectangular design that consists of a white equilateral triangle, symbolizing liberty, equality and fraternity ;

6052-410: The local government. In such cases, the flag must be placed such that the white triangle is at the head and the blue portion covers the right side of the casket. The flag should not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the ground, but should be solemnly folded and handed to the heirs of the deceased. There is a common practice of placing religious items on top of the Philippine flag when draped on

6141-478: The mandate to investigate and prosecute any government official allegedly guilty of crimes, especially graft and corruption . The ombudsman is assisted by six deputies: the overall deputy, the deputy for Luzon, the deputy for Visayas, the deputy for Mindanao, the deputy for the armed forces, and the special prosecutor. The Philippines has four main classes of elected administrative divisions , often lumped together as local government units (LGUs). They are, from

6230-425: The measure. As of 2014 , a proposal from the Ninth Ray movement intends the additional ray to represent the Muslim and indigenous people of the country, including the Moro people , who kept colonizers away from their lands. In June 2018, Gordon renewed his campaign to get his proposal passed into law. Emmanuel L. Osorio, one of the founders of the Ninth Ray movement, also came up with a proposal adding not only

6319-444: The national language within or without the country"; violation of the law is punishable by a fine and imprisonment. The National Flag Day in the Philippines is celebrated every May 28, the very day of the 1898 Battle of Alapan . The official national flag flying period starts from May 28 and ends on Independence Day, June 12, every year, although the flying period for the flag in homes, businesses and public establishments may start on

6408-568: The national presidential system. Its executive branch is led by the regional chief minister , the Council of Leaders , and the Bangsamoro Cabinet . Its legislative branch is the unicameral Bangsamoro Parliament . The region also has its own judiciary system that applies Sharia . Flag of the Philippines The national flag of the Philippines ( pambansang watawat ng Pilipinas )

6497-428: The order was the definition of the triangle at the hoist as an equilateral triangle , the definition of the aspect ratio at 1:2, the precise angles of the stars, the geometric and aesthetic design of the sun, and the formal elimination of the mythical face on the sun. The exact shades of colors, however, were not precisely defined. These specifications have remained unchanged and in effect to the present. In 1941, Flag Day

6586-517: The original flag has been a source of controversy. Based on anecdotal evidence and the few surviving flags from the era, historians argue that the colors of the original flag was influenced by the flags of Cuba and Puerto Rico . During the session of the Malolos Congress , Aguinaldo presented the symbolism of the official flag to the members, delegates and representatives of the assembly as follows: The Flag bears three colors, three stars, and

6675-405: The power of eminent domain . Aside from having the power to veto any bill, the president also sets the legislative agenda for Congress. The vice president of the Philippines , the deputy chief executive, is the first in line for succession if the president resigns, is removed after impeachment, is permanently incapacitated, or dies. The vice president is usually, though not always, a member of

6764-546: The present Philippine flag. The first flag of the Katipunan was a red rectangular flag with a horizontal alignment of three white Ks (an acronym for the Katipunan's full name, Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan – Supreme and Venerable Society of the Sons of the Nation). The flag's red field symbolized blood, as members of the Katipunan signed their membership papers in their own blood. The various leaders of

6853-530: The president's cabinet and may be appointed without the approval of the Commission of Appointments. If there is a vacancy in the position of vice president, the president will appoint any member of Congress (usually a party member) as the new vice president. The appointment must then be validated by a three-fourths vote of the Congress. The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines . The Congress

6942-544: The public" in line with prohibitions on the flag's usage stated in Republic Act 8491. The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property , which the Philippines is a member of, also prohibits the registration of the state flags of its members as trademark. However both small and large businesses in the Philippines have used elements of the Philippine flag for their intellectual property. When it comes to this concern,

7031-592: The red field up on February 4, 1899, to show that a state of war existed. Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans two years later, and swore allegiance to the United States. With the defeat of the Philippine Republic, the Philippines was placed under American occupation and the display of the Philippine flag and other flags and banners associated with the Katipunan were declared illegal by the Flag Act of 1907 . This law

7120-516: The revolutionary movement broke out; the sun indicating the gigantic steps taken by the children of this country on the road to progress and civilization; the eight rays symbolizing the eight provinces of the Philippines, and the colors of blue, red and white commemorating the flag of the United States of North America as a manifestation of our profound gratitude towards this Great Nation for its disinterested protection which it lends us, and continues to lend us. And, carrying this flag, I unfurl it before

7209-560: The right side and in front of the speaker and all other secondary flags displayed on the speaker's left. By law, the Philippine flag must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at night at the following locations: The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (formerly the National Historical Institute) as per Republic Act No. 8491 can also designate additional sites where the Philippine flag should be displayed permanently. The flag may be flown at half-mast as

7298-443: The same flag which it has used, whose shape and colors are described in the attached drawing rendering realistically the three aforementioned forces representing the white triangle as the distinctive symbol of the famed Society of the Katipunan, which through the blood compact impelled the masses to rise in revolt; the three stars representing the three principal islands of this Archipelago — Luzon, Mindanao, and Panay (Visayas) in which

7387-459: The school or district office the deceased teacher was assigned. The flag may also be used to cover the caskets of the dead of the tanod , military and police, civil uniformed services, fire fighter, senator, congress, traffic enforcer, cadets military, cadets police, supreme court judge , Filipino governance servants, veterans of previous wars veteran soldiers, national artists, uniformed rescuers, PNP SWAT and outstanding civilians as determined by

7476-434: The thickness of its two minor rays. The golden sun is not exactly in the center of the triangle but shifted slightly to the right. The shade of blue used in the flag has varied over time, beginning with the original color described as azul oscuro (Spanish, "dark blue"). The exact nature of this shade is debated, but a likely candidate is the blue on which a theory says influenced the Philippine flag's design. The colors of

7565-476: The triangle's points, stand for the three major island groups: Luzon , Visayas (originally referring to Panay Island ) and Mindanao . The flag's original symbolism is enumerated in the text of the independence proclamation, which makes reference to an attached drawing, though no record of the drawing has surfaced. The proclamation explains the flag as follows: And finally it was resolved unanimously that this Nation, already independent from today should use

7654-466: The year of issue was released in 1997, while those with a year of issue was released in 1998. A scene of the centennial celebration is also featured in the New Generation Currency (NGC) one-thousand peso banknote since 2010. The logo for the Philippine Centennial was the winning entry of a national design competition which had 5,000 submissions. The logo designed by Edgardo Santiago featured

7743-756: Was established as the Committee for the National Centennial Celebrations on June 13, 1991, through Administrative Order No. 223 issued by President Corazon Aquino . The same order also mandates that the composition of the committee shall include 11 representatives; six from the Presidential Commission for Culture and the Arts (PCCA), and five from the Philippine Centennial Foundation, Inc. (PCFI). President Fidel V. Ramos later renamed

7832-561: Was officially moved to June 12, commemorating the date that Philippine independence was proclaimed in 1898. The flag was once again banned with the Japanese invasion and occupation of the Philippines beginning in December 1941, to be hoisted again with the establishment of the Second Republic of the Philippines, a puppet state of Japan. In ceremonies held in October 1943, Emilio Aguinaldo hoisted

7921-470: Was repealed on October 24, 1919. With the legalization of display of the Philippine flag, the cloth available in most stores was the red and blue of the flag of the United States , so the flag from 1919 onwards adopted the "National Flag blue" color. On March 26, 1920, the Philippine Legislature passed Act. No 2928 on March 26, 1920, which legally adopted the Philippine flag as the official flag of

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