128-398: Ōkura is a northern suburb of the North Shore , part of the contiguous metropolitan area in Auckland , New Zealand . It is under the local governance of the Auckland Council . The official name is spelled with a macron. Ōkura is a small village on the south shore of the Okura River , on the opposite shore to the Okura Bush Scenic Reserve . It is the only location that provides access to
256-456: A 320 acres (130 ha) block to American whaler William Webster, at the northeastern headwaters of Oruamo or Hellyers Creek , near Bayview . Webster on-sold the land to Thomas Hellyer on 13 October 1840, who established the Retreat, a house which included a kauri sawpit, a hut, and a workshop. The Retreat became well known among sailors, who would stop at the Retreat for fresh water and beer from
384-502: A bachelor's or higher degree, 464,022 (41.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 298,851 (26.4%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 44,600, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 160,164 people (14.2%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 605,601 (53.5%) people were employed full-time, 132,180 (11.7%) were part-time, and 39,441 (3.5%) were unemployed. Many ethnic groups , since
512-473: A flax mill at Lucas Creek ( Albany ), where a small settlement developed, and the Callan family settled at Northcote in 1843, where Phillip Callan established industry at Sulphur Beach, establishing a brickyard and soapworks. While Auckland grew throughout the 1850s, North Shore settlements remained sparse. Farming, while possible in the volcanic south-east, was much more difficult on the inner North Shore, due to
640-596: A gift of fifteen works of art by New York art collectors and philanthropists Julian and Josie Robertson – including well-known paintings by Paul Cézanne , Pablo Picasso , Henri Matisse , Paul Gauguin and Piet Mondrian . This is the largest gift ever made to an art museum in Australasia. Other important art galleries include Mangere Arts Centre , Tautai Pacific Arts Trust , Te Tuhi , Te Uru Waitākere Contemporary Gallery , Gow Langsford Gallery , Michael Lett Gallery, Starkwhite, and Bergman Gallery . Auckland Domain
768-488: A group of local businessmen, the tram led to Milford and Takapuna rapidly developing, and helped communities further north develop. The tramway soon became unpopular, and closed only 17 years after opening. Fruit growing on the North Shore was no longer as profitable, and began disappearing by the 1930s. During World War II , coastal defenses were established along the coast, between Takapuna and Long Bay . In 1959,
896-515: A large proportion of the kauri gum diggers until the invasion. By the 1880s, Dalmatian immigrants had become a large part of the kauri gum digging workforce, along with British , Fijian and Pasifika people. Devonport had grown into a centre for boatbuilding in New Zealand by the mid-1860s, and rural communities were gradually being established at Northcote and Birkenhead due to ferry services linking these communities to Auckland township. By
1024-433: A population density of 49 people per km. Before the 2023 census, Okura Bush had a larger boundary, covering 28.99 km (11.19 sq mi). Using that boundary, Okura Bush had a population of 1,332 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 48 people (3.7%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 207 people (18.4%) since the 2006 census . There were 432 households, comprising 681 males and 651 females, giving
1152-614: A population of 1,402,275 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 56,442 people (4.2%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 178,734 people (14.6%) since the 2013 census . There were 692,490 males, 704,607 females and 5,178 people of other genders in 454,239 dwellings. 4.9% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 35.1 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 270,384 people (19.3%) aged under 15 years, 307,065 (21.9%) aged 15 to 29, 651,645 (46.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 173,178 (12.3%) aged 65 or older. Of those at least 15 years old, 290,814 (25.7%) people had
1280-428: A portage between Ngataringa Bay and Narrow Neck Beach, located underneath the reclaimed land at Waitemata Golf Club, which was underwater during king tides . Browns Bay was often a stopping point on journeys, for Māori travelling between the north and Tāmaki Makaurau to the south. For much of Māori history, the North Shore acted as a buffer zone, between Te Tai Tokerau Māori in the north and Tāmaki Māori tribes in
1408-453: A rural surrounding. Eventually, many moved here permanently, commuting to work in Auckland via ferry. The East Coast Bays became popular vacation destinations in the 1910s and 1920s, with visitors primarily arriving by steam ship. In 1910, a private tramway was established, which conveyed passengers between the ferry at Bayswater to Milford . Planned as a way to improve land prices by
SECTION 10
#17331225353231536-447: A sex ratio of 1.05 males per female. The median age was 39.7 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 237 people (17.8%) aged under 15 years, 285 (21.4%) aged 15 to 29, 633 (47.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 174 (13.1%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 83.8% European/Pākehā, 5.9% Māori, 1.8% Pacific peoples, 14.0% Asian, and 1.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1664-464: A shield for the City of Auckland against the threat of potential invasion from northern and Hauraki tribes. Patuone's people lived in the area until the 1880s. Patuone named his settlement Waiwharariki , meaning "Waters of Wharariki", a mat made of harakeke flax. Patuone's lands at Waiwharariki included a peach tree orchard and a village of twenty huts. Many Ngāpuhi from the settlement worked on
1792-526: A strong boost to local commerce. This, and continued road building towards the south into the Waikato region, enabled Pākehā (European New Zealanders) influence to spread from Auckland. The city's population grew fairly rapidly, from 1,500 in 1841 to 3,635 in 1845, then to 12,423 by 1864. The growth occurred similarly to other mercantile -dominated cities, mainly around the port and with problems of overcrowding and pollution. Auckland's population of ex-soldiers
1920-614: A timeframe of weeks to years before cessation of activity. Future eruptive activity remains a threat to the city, and will likely occur at a new, unknown location within the field. The most recent activity occurred approximately 1450 AD at the Rangitoto Volcano . This event was witnessed by Māori occupants of the area, making it the only eruption within the Auckland Volcanic Field thus far to have been observed by humans. The Auckland Volcanic Field has contributed greatly to
2048-977: A variety of cultural institutions, such as the Auckland War Memorial Museum , the Museum of Transport and Technology , and the Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki . Its architectural landmarks include the Harbour Bridge , the Town Hall , the Ferry Building and the Sky Tower , which is the second-tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere after Thamrin Nine . The city is served by Auckland Airport , which handled 18.5 million passengers in 2024. Auckland
2176-764: Is 34.0 °C (93.2 °F) on 12 February 2009, while the minimum is −5.7 °C (21.7 °F) recorded at Riverhead Forest in June 1936 Snowfall is extremely rare: the most significant fall since the start of the 20th century was on 27 July 1939, when snow fell just before dawn and five centimetres (2 in) of snow reportedly lay on Mount Eden . Snowflakes were also seen on 28 July 1930 and 15 August 2011. Frosts in Auckland are infrequent and often localised. Henderson Riverpark receives an annual average of 27.4 ground frosts per year, while Auckland Airport receives an annual average of 8.7 ground frosts per year. Average sea temperature around Auckland varies throughout
2304-468: Is defined by Statistics New Zealand under the Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018 (SSGA18), spans 607.07 square kilometres (234.39 sq mi) and extends to Long Bay in the north, Swanson in the north-west, and Runciman in the south. Auckland's functional urban area (commuting zone) extends from just south of Warkworth in the north to Meremere in the south, incorporating
2432-546: Is fed entirely by basaltic magma sourced from the mantle at a depth of 70–90 km below the city, and is unrelated to the explosive, subduction -driven volcanism of the Taupō Volcanic Zone in the Central North Island region of Aotearoa, New Zealand, ~250 km away. The Auckland Volcanic Field is considered to be a monogenetic volcanic field , with each volcano erupting only a single time, usually over
2560-448: Is found in the names of organisations such as Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Te Raki Paewhenua, Te Raki Paewhenua Committee, and the health and social service organisation Te Puna Hauora o te Raki Paewhenua. In the mid-19th century, Māori language texts predominantly use the names Takapuna , or Awataha , to describe the North Shore. Takapuna, a name originally given to a spring at Maungauika / North Head , had gradually grown to refer to
2688-544: Is home to several notable yacht clubs and marinas, including the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron and Westhaven Marina , the largest of the Southern Hemisphere . The Waitematā Harbour has several swimming beaches, including Mission Bay and Kohimarama on the south side of the harbour, and Stanley Bay on the north side. On the eastern coastline of the North Shore, where the Rangitoto Channel divides
SECTION 20
#17331225353232816-561: Is one of the largest parks in the city, it is close to the Auckland CBD and has a good view of the Hauraki Gulf and Rangitoto Island . Smaller parks close to the city centre are Albert Park , Myers Park , Western Park and Victoria Park . While most volcanic cones in the Auckland volcanic field have been affected by quarrying, many of the remaining cones are now within parks, and retain
2944-469: Is one of the world's most liveable cities in the world, ranking third in the 2023 Mercer Quality of Living Survey and at ninth place in a 2024 ranking of the Global Liveability Ranking by The Economist . The Auckland isthmus was settled by Māori around 1350, and was valued for its rich and fertile land. Many pā (fortified villages) were created, mainly on the volcanic peaks. By
3072-695: Is part of the larger Okura Bush statistical area. Ōkura settlement had a population of 372 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 15 people (4.2%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 48 people (14.8%) since the 2006 census . There were 132 households, comprising 195 males and 180 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.08 males per female, with 63 people (16.9%) aged under 15 years, 75 (20.2%) aged 15 to 29, 177 (47.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 63 (16.9%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 93.5% European/Pākehā, 5.6% Māori, 0.8% Pacific peoples, 4.0% Asian, and 3.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. Although some people chose not to answer
3200-448: Is set to grow to an estimated 1.9 million inhabitants by 2031 in a medium-variant scenario. This substantial increase in population will have a huge impact on transport, housing and other infrastructure that are, particularly in the case of housing, that are considered to be under pressure already. The high-variant scenario shows the region's population growing to over two million by 2031. In July 2016, Auckland Council released, as
3328-568: The Auckland Harbour Bridge was constructed, which led to rapid suburbanisation across the North Shore. The population grew from 55,000 in 1959 to over 107,000 by 1971. While there were few opportunities for employment on the North Shore in the 1950s, this changed with the establishment of industrial areas at Wairau Valley and Barrys Point. The mid to late-20th century saw an influx in Urban Māori populations, alongside immigrants from
3456-568: The Auckland Province until the provincial system was abolished in 1876. In response to the ongoing rebellion by Hōne Heke in the mid-1840s, the government encouraged retired but fit British soldiers and their families to migrate to Auckland to form a defence line around the port settlement as garrison soldiers. By the time the first Fencibles arrived in 1848, the Northern War had concluded. Outlying defensive towns were then constructed to
3584-456: The Auckland Region , an administrative region that takes its name from the city. The region encompasses the city centre, as well as suburbs, surrounding towns, nearshore islands, and rural areas north and south of the urban area. The Auckland central business district is the most built-up area of the region. The CBD covers 433 hectares (1,070 acres) in a triangular area, and is bounded by
3712-543: The Auckland waterfront on the Waitematā Harbour and the inner-city suburbs of Ponsonby , Newton and Parnell . The central areas of the city are located on the Auckland isthmus , less than two kilometres wide at its narrowest point, between Māngere Inlet and the Tamaki River . There are two harbours surrounding this isthmus: Waitematā Harbour to the north, which extends east to the Hauraki Gulf and thence to
3840-590: The Crown and the Church . Soon after signing the treaty, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei made a strategic gift of 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of land on the Waitematā Harbour to the new Governor of New Zealand, William Hobson , for the new capital , which Hobson named for George Eden, Earl of Auckland , then Viceroy of India . Auckland was founded on 18 September 1840 and was officially declared New Zealand's capital in 1841, and
3968-524: The Department of Conservation , and the Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority . The Auckland urban area, as defined by Statistics New Zealand, covers 605.67 km (233.85 sq mi). The urban area has an estimated population of 1,531,400 as of June 2024, 28.7 percent of New Zealand's population . The city has a population larger than the entire South Island (1,260,000). The urban area had
Ōkura, New Zealand - Misplaced Pages Continue
4096-520: The Hibiscus Coast in the northeast, Helensville , Parakai , Muriwai , Waimauku , Kumeū - Huapai , and Riverhead in the northwest, Beachlands-Pine Harbour and Maraetai in the east, and Pukekohe , Clarks Beach , Patumāhoe , Waiuku , Tuakau and Pōkeno (the latter two in the Waikato region) in the south. Auckland forms New Zealand's largest urban area . The Auckland urban area lies within
4224-557: The North Island of New Zealand . It has an urban population of about 1,531,400 (June 2024). It is located in the greater Auckland Region , the area governed by Auckland Council , which includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf , and which has a total population of 1,798,300 as of June 2024. It is the most populous city of New Zealand and the fifth largest city in Oceania. While Europeans continue to make up
4352-676: The Trewartha climate classification and according to the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), the city's climate is classified as humid subtropical climate with warm summers and mild winters (Trewartha climate classification Cfbl ). It is the warmest main centre of New Zealand. The average daily maximum temperature is 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in February and 14.7 °C (58.5 °F) in July. The maximum recorded temperature
4480-655: The Whau local board area. Europeans formed the plurality in the Henderson-Massey , Maungakiekie-Tāmaki and Papakura local board areas, and formed the majority in the remaining 11 local board areas. Māori did not form a majority or plurality in any local board area but are in the highest concentrations in the Manurewa and Papakura local board areas. Immigration to New Zealand is heavily concentrated towards Auckland (partly for job market reasons). This strong focus on Auckland has led
4608-478: The tōtara cultivar Aurea, also known by the name Albany Gold. Tāmaki Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries. The Devonport area was one of the earliest settled in the region, known to be settled by Tāmaki Māori ancestor Peretū. Toi-te-huatahi and his followers settled and intermarried with these early peoples. Around the year 1350, the Tainui migratory canoe visited
4736-448: The 13th or 14th centuries, the Waitematā Harbour headlands became important places for harvesting seasonal resources and for controlling transportation across the region. European settlers arrived in the North Shore in the 1840s, and by the turn of the 20th century, the inland area has become a hub for fruit growing, while the eastern coast had developed into a tourism destination for Aucklanders. The North Shore rapidly suburbanised after
4864-470: The 1740s onwards, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei became the major influential force on the Auckland isthmus. The Māori population in the area is estimated to have been about 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans. The introduction of firearms at the end of the eighteenth century, which began in Northland , upset the balance of power and led to devastating intertribal warfare beginning in 1807, causing iwi who lacked
4992-459: The 1840s, including Takarangi (baptised as Rīria), sister of Te Kupenga, a chief of Ngāti Paoa. Her husband Eruera Maihi Patuone was a Ngāpuhi chief, who spent time between different trading posts across the Hauraki Gulf, including Waiheke and Devonport. The settlement at Te Haukapua (Torpedo Bay) was known for gardens of potatoes and cabbages, pig farming, and as a place where shark meat
5120-468: The 1880s, Birkenhead, Northcote, Takapuna and Albany had developed into rural centres, while at the same time Devonport had developed into a commuter suburb for Auckland. By this time, the population of the North Shore had grown to 2,000 people, of whom 65% lived at Devonport. Almost all residents of the North Shore during this period were from the British Isles. Fruit growing became a major industry for
5248-557: The 2023 census, where people could identify as more than one ethnicity, the results were 44.0% European ( Pākehā ); 12.2% Māori ; 18.7% Pasifika ; 34.9% Asian ; 2.9% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 91.5%, Māori language by 2.7%, Samoan by 5.3% and other languages by 32.0%. No language could be spoken by 2.4% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language
Ōkura, New Zealand - Misplaced Pages Continue
5376-475: The Asian population had reached 18.0 per cent in Auckland, and 36.2 per cent in the central city. New arrivals from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea gave a distinctive character to the areas where they clustered, while a range of other immigrants introduced mosques, Hindu temples, halal butchers and ethnic restaurants to the suburbs. The boundaries of Auckland are imprecisely defined. The Auckland urban area , as it
5504-738: The Auckland Region in the mid-1830s, Ngāti Whātua focused resettlement in the Māngere - Onehunga area, while Te Kawerau ā Maki focused settlement at Te Henga / Bethells Beach and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki primarily focused resettlement in East Auckland and the Pōhutukawa Coast . Ngāti Pāoa primarily focused live at Wharekawa and Waiheke Island , and were more confident occupying the North Shore, after peace had been forged between Ngāpuhi and Ngāti Pāoa in 1833. Hetaraka Takapuna and his people resettled
5632-479: The North Shore include Pāremoremo , Lucas Heights , and Dairy Flat , the latter of which is the home of North Shore Aerodrome . Ōkura and Redvale , rural villages located between metropolitan Auckland and the Hibiscus Coast , are considered a part of the North Shore. Major centres on the North Shore include Albany , Birkenhead , Browns Bay , Devonport , Glenfield , Northcote and Takapuna . Te Whenua Roa o Kahu and Te Raki Paewhenua are
5760-459: The North Shore to West Auckland , and leading to the development of Greenhithe and the surrounding areas. Population growth in the North Shore slowed by the 1980s, and by the early 1990s Takapuna and the East Coast Bays had become popular with retirees. Auckland Auckland ( / ˈ ɔː k l ə n d / AWK -lənd ; Māori : Tāmaki Makaurau ) is a large metropolitan city in
5888-459: The North Shore was increasingly difficult to permanently settle due to skirmished between from Te Tai Tokerau Māori and Ngāti Manuhiri to the north, and Te Kawerau ā Maki chiefs encouraged Ngāti Paoa to refortify Maungauika / North Head. Ngāpuhi sieged Maungauika / North Head in the winter of 1793, after which the Ngāti Paoa residents at Maungauika / North Head fled to Waiheke Island. The leader of
6016-476: The North Shore, stopping at the freshwater spring southwest of Maungauika / North Head , and at the Waiake Lagoon (Deep Creek). Boat Rock ( Te Nihokiore , "The Rat's Tooth") in the Waitematā Harbour southwest of Birkenhead was a location of great significance to Tāmaki Māori . The rock was the location where Te Arawa chief Kahumatamomoe placed a mauri stone (a stone of religious significance), naming
6144-431: The North Shore, the 260 metres (850 ft) Rangitoto Island , dominates the horizon for many of the bays along the eastern coast. The island is the youngest feature of the field, having erupted around the year 1,500. The North Shore comprises a large suburban area to the north of downtown Auckland; linked to the rest of the greater Auckland metropolitan area by two harbour bridges – the Auckland Harbour Bridge crosses
6272-548: The North Shore. During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of Ngāpuhi war parties during the Musket Wars . Pā and kāinga along the coastline were attacked, including Maungauika / North Head. Ngāti Whātua left an ahi kā presence at Tauhinu pā in Greenhithe: a small number of warriors posted to maintain claim to land. When people returned in greater numbers to
6400-617: The Northcote area in the 1830s, living on the shores of Tank Farm into the 1890s. His people were members of the te Kawerau ā Maki hapū of Ngāti Kahu and Ngāti Poataniwha, who had close associations to Ngāti Taimanawaiti (Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki) and Ngāti Paoa. Most early European settlers of the 1830s were not attracted to the North Shore, due to few Māori inhabitants in the area, and the shore's resources being difficult to extract. The earliest private land sales took place on 17 April 1837, when Ngāti Whātua rangatira Nanihi and Tuire sold Te Pukapuka,
6528-686: The Okura River in the form of basic launching facilities for small craft. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of red (clay)" for Ōkura . The area was traditionally referred to by the name Karepiro, and was in rohe of the Ngāti Manuhiri iwi (tribe). The north shore of the Okura River was the location of Otaimaro, an extensive settlement. In 1848, Henry Dacre and his father Captain Ranulph Dacre purchased
SECTION 50
#17331225353236656-572: The Onewa Domain is a remnant native forest dominated by kahikatea and taraire trees. Fernhill Escarpment in Albany is a remnant forest which had tōtara trees estimated to be 800 years old. In 1974, Graeme Platt established the first commercial native plant nursery in New Zealand. Many of his plants were local to the Albany area, meaning many native plants across New Zealand planted in the 1970s and 1980s originate from North Shore forests. This includes
6784-658: The Pacific Islands, the Netherlands and Britain, many drawn by industrial jobs and by the seaside atmosphere of the eastern bays, or to the semi-rural lifestyle blocks around Albany. In 1963, the Second National Government of New Zealand requisitioned 1,500 acres (610 ha) of Albany under the Public Works Act, in order to construct a state housing project. Work was rapidly halted in 1969, and plans for
6912-624: The Pacific Ocean, and Manukau Harbour to the south, which opens west to the Tasman Sea . Bridges span parts of both harbours, notably the Auckland Harbour Bridge crossing the Waitematā Harbour west of the central business district. The Māngere Bridge and the Upper Harbour Bridge span the upper reaches of the Manukau and Waitematā Harbours, respectively. In earlier times, portages crossed
7040-580: The Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for the south, before the Government instigated the Invasion of the Waikato . On the North Shore, a curfew was placed on all Māori vessels, and most Māori residents of the North Shore quickly left, including the kāinga at Te Haukapua (Torpedo Bay), which European residents reported was evacuated overnight. Māori made up
7168-602: The Retreat's brewhouse. On 22 December 1841, Hellyer's body was discovered at the Retreat, and while an investigation took place, no person was convicted of his murder. When Auckland was declared the capital of New Zealand in 1840, settlers and land speculators began to take more interest in the North Shore. The North Shore was included in the Mahurangi Block, an area purchased by the Crown on 13 April 1841. The Crown negotiated this sale with some iwi with customary interests in
7296-516: The Royal New Zealand Navy , and the Museum of Transport and Technology . The Auckland Art Gallery is the largest stand-alone gallery in New Zealand with a collection of over 17,000 artworks, including prominent New Zealand and Pacific Island artists, as well as international painting, sculpture and print collections ranging in date from 1376 to the present day. In 2009, the Gallery was promised
7424-527: The Second World War, the city's transport system and urban form became increasingly dominated by the motor vehicle. Arterial roads and motorways became both defining and geographically dividing features of the urban landscape. They also allowed further massive expansion that resulted in the growth of suburban areas such as the North Shore (especially after the construction of the Auckland Harbour Bridge in
7552-613: The Waitematā ("The Waters of the Stone") after the stone. Over time, many of the early Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho . While the poor soils of the central North Shore acted as a barrier to agriculture and settlement, people settled the coastal margins, most notably the volcanic south-east, Long Bay ( Te Oneroa ō Kahu ), Kauri Point in Chatswood , and Tauhinu at Greenhithe . Stonefield gardens were constructed on
7680-468: The area after George Eden, Earl of Auckland , British First Lord of the Admiralty . Māori–European conflict over land in the region led to war in the mid-19th century. In 1865, Auckland was replaced by Wellington as the capital, but continued to grow, initially because of its port and the logging and gold-mining activities in its hinterland, and later because of pastoral farming (especially dairy farming) in
7808-500: The area are greywacke and argillite, and a number of the headlands are formed from harder Parnell grit rocks, produced by lahars during the Miocene. The North Shore and wider Rodney area feature small areas of Albany Conglomerate rock. The North Shore is home to the northernmost features of the Auckland volcanic field . Lake Pupuke , a volcanic maar located in Takapuna , is one of
SECTION 60
#17331225353237936-497: The area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango; spending until 1873 rectifying this sale. In 1840, the first European building was constructed at Devonport, a powder magazine built at what is now Windsor Reserve. Devonport was of immediate importance to the Royal Navy , due to its proximity to Auckland, and because large vessels could be anchored at
8064-496: The area. d'Urville was the first person to record the name Takapuna for the lower North Shore, when he labelled the area Taka Pouni on an 1833 map. Early contact with Europeans in the late 18th century caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of rewharewha , respiratory diseases. By the first half of the 19th century, the Upper Waitematā Harbour area near modern-day Greenhithe area was one of the most densely settled areas of
8192-422: The arrival of military personnel, and by 1885 a reliable ferry service had been established between Devonport and Auckland. By the late 1880s, Takapuna had developed into a destination for tourists, with Lake Pupuke being the main attraction until the late 1900s, when Takapuna Beach rose in prominence. Takapuna and Milford quickly became popular spots for wealthy businessmen building summer homes to entertain in
8320-488: The associated lack of international migration. At the 2018 Census, in the local board areas of Upper Harbour, Waitematā, Puketāpapa and Howick, overseas-born residents outnumbered those born in New Zealand. The most common birthplaces of overseas-born residents were mainland China (6.2%), India (4.6%), England (4.4%), Fiji (2.9%), Samoa (2.5%), South Africa (2.4%), Philippines (2.0%), Australia (1.4%), South Korea (1.4%), and Tonga (1.3%). A study from 2016 showed Auckland has
8448-463: The census question. Recent immigration from Asia has added to the religious diversity of the city, increasing the number of people affiliating with Buddhism , Hinduism , Islam and Sikhism , although there are no figures on religious attendance. There is also a small, long-established Jewish community. Auckland is experiencing substantial population growth via immigration (two-thirds of growth) and natural population increases (one-third), and
8576-672: The census's question about religious affiliation, 62.1% had no religion, 29.0% were Christian, 0.8% were Hindu and 4.8% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 87 (28.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 30 (9.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 72 people (23.3%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 156 (50.5%) people were employed full-time, 54 (17.5%) were part-time, and 15 (4.9%) were unemployed. Ōkura Bush statistical area, which includes Weiti Village , covers 28.27 km (10.92 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,380 as of June 2024, with
8704-603: The central North Shore from the 1860s, most notably for growing varieties of strawberries that flourished in clay soils. Birkenhead grew as a community after 1884 when the Colonial Sugar Refining Company established the Chelsea Sugar Refinery . By the 1890s, Albany had become the leading fruit growing area in Auckland. 30,000 to 50,000 cases of apples and pears were being produced each year, with many being exported to Australia. Fears of invasion by
8832-504: The city's cultural diversity include the Pasifika Festival , Polyfest, and the Auckland Lantern Festival , all of which are the largest of their kind in New Zealand. Additionally, Auckland regularly hosts the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra and Royal New Zealand Ballet . Auckland is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the category of music. Important institutions include the Auckland Art Gallery , Auckland War Memorial Museum , New Zealand Maritime Museum , National Museum of
8960-413: The clay soil. The inner North Shore was covered in a mix of mānuka and bracken fern scrubland, and dense forests, which over time developed into sheep and cattle farms. In 1852, the Crown granted 110 acres (45 ha) of land south of Lake Pupuke to Barry's Point / Awataha to Eruera Maihi Patuone. Patuone seen as trusted presence by the colonial government, and he was gifted land in order to create
9088-405: The construction of the Auckland Harbour Bridge in 1959, and by 1989 the five local authorities in the area amalgamated to create North Shore City , which existed until 2010. The name North Shore has been used in English as far back as 1843, and has traditionally been defined as the area north of the Waitematā Harbour as far as Lucas Creek and Ōkura River . Other areas referred to as part of
9216-406: The country's container trade in 2015. The face of urban Auckland changed when the government's immigration policy began allowing immigrants from Asia in 1986. This has led to Auckland becoming a multicultural city, with people of all ethnic backgrounds. According to the 1961 census data, Māori and Pacific Islanders comprised 5 per cent of Auckland's population; Asians less than 1 per cent. By 2006,
9344-460: The cultivation of crops, such as kūmara . Following European arrival, many of the maunga were transformed into quarries to supply the growing city with aggregate and building materials, and as a result were severely damaged or entirely destroyed. A number of the smaller maar craters and tuff rings were also removed during earthworks. Most of the remaining volcanic centres are now preserved within recreational reserves administered by Auckland Council ,
9472-613: The deep water harbour. In 1841 a signal station was constructed on the peak, to better facilitate traffic to the Port of Auckland , Captain Robert Snow was employed as the first signal master, and he and his family became the first permanent residents of Devonport. The area was administered by the crown, and grew to be a settlement known as Flagstaff. Snow's family were joined by others from 1842 onwards, who were predominantly naval personnel. Members of Ngāti Paoa continued to live at Devonport in
9600-426: The early 1700s, Te Waiohua , a confederation of tribes such as Ngā Oho , Ngā Riki and Ngā Iwi, became the main influential force on the Auckland isthmus, with major pā located at Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill , Māngere Mountain and Maungataketake . The confederation came to an end around 1741, when paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki was killed in battle by Ngāti Whātua hapū Te Taoū chief Te Waha-akiaki. From
9728-492: The early 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore. The ancestor Kapetaua was marooned at Te Toka-o-Kapetaua ( Bean Rock ) as a child by his brother-in-law Taramokomoko, Waiohua chief of Kohimarama Pā , as punishment for stealing from kūmara pits. Taramokomoko was rescued by his sister Taurua, and fled to Waiheke Island , where he spent
9856-693: The early 20th century as Clay Hill. The hill is the location of the Pupuke Road Reservoir and Pump Station. Prior to human settlement, the inland North Shore area was primarily a northern broadleaf podocarp forest, dominated by kauri , tōtara , mataī , miro , kauri and kahikatea trees. Pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of the coastline. By the 19th century, much of the North Shore primarily scrubland, vegetated by plants such as mānuka , tutu , harakeke flax and ferns. Some kauri remnant forest remains in areas around Birkenhead, including Kauri Park and Le Roys Bush , while Smiths Bush in
9984-461: The eastern coastline of Northcote : Tank Farm , also known as Tuff Crater or Te Kōpua ō Matakamokamo , joined to the south by Onepoto (also known as Te Kōpua ō Matakerepo ). Onepoto and Tank Farm erupted an estimated 187,600 and 181,000 years ago respectively. Three volcanic features can be found at Devonport : Takarunga / Mount Victoria , the highest volcano on the North Shore at 81 metres (266 ft), and Maungauika / North Head ,
10112-567: The expanding Russian Empire were common among New Zealanders in the 1870s, especially due to the founding of Russia's Pacific port at Vladivostok . An 1884 report by Sir William Jervois , the Governor of New Zealand , included recommendations for military forts to be constructed at the country's four main ports at Auckland , leading to the establishment of three military forts: North Head, Fort Takapuna, and Fort Victoria at Takarunga / Mount Victoria. The defense works led to growth at Devonport due to
10240-562: The farms at Lake Pupuke, establishing a network of fences for the properties. By the early 1860s, as many Māori lived on the North Shore as Europeans. The colonial government of Auckland had become increasingly concerned about potential invasions by Māori by the early 1860s. On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement , Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to
10368-442: The fourth largest foreign-born population in the world, only behind Dubai , Toronto and Brussels , with 39% of its residents born overseas. Religious affiliations in the 2023 census were 35.7% Christian , 6.1% Hindu , 3.3% Islam , 0.9% Māori religious beliefs , 2.1% Buddhist , 0.3% New Age , 0.2% Jewish , and 2.8% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 42.7%, and 6.0% of people did not answer
10496-462: The growth and prosperity of the Auckland Region since the area was settled by humans. Initially, the maunga (scoria cones) were occupied and established as pā (fortified settlements) by Māori due to the strategic advantage their elevation provided in controlling resources and key portages between the Waitematā and Manukau harbours. The rich volcanic soils found in these areas also proved ideal for
10624-506: The head of the Ōrewa River . Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"). Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri , Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua , can trace their lineage to Kahu. Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki settlements during this period included Te Onewa Pā in Northcote ,
10752-450: The immigration services to award extra points towards immigration visa requirements for people intending to move to other parts of New Zealand. Immigration from overseas into Auckland is partially offset by the net emigration of people from Auckland to other regions of New Zealand. In 2021 and 2022, Auckland recorded its only decreases in population, primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic and
10880-459: The inner Hauraki Gulf islands from the mainland, there are popular swimming beaches at Cheltenham and Narrow Neck in Devonport , Takapuna , Milford , and the various beaches further north in the area known as East Coast Bays. The west coast has popular surf beaches such as Piha , Muriwai and Te Henga (Bethells Beach) . The Whangaparāoa Peninsula , Orewa , Ōmaha and Pākiri , to the north of
11008-493: The inner Waitematā Harbour to the Auckland isthmus and Auckland City Centre , while the Upper Harbour Bridge on State Highway 18 provides a connection to West Auckland , across the Upper Waitematā Harbour . Three major estuaries of the Waitematā Harbour flow through the North Shore. Oruamo or Hellyers Creek flows through the central west North Shore, separating Glenfield and Beach Haven from Greenhithe in
11136-401: The lack of good public transport, and increasing housing costs have been cited by many Aucklanders as among the strongest negative factors of living there, together with crime that has been rising in recent years. Nonetheless, Auckland ranked third in a survey of the quality of life of 215 major cities of the world (2015 data). One of Auckland's nicknames, the "City of Sails", is derived from
11264-516: The land surrounding the river, creating the Weiti Station. Their house, the Dacre Cottage, was built circa 1855 on the north shore of the river from locally made bricks. Statistics New Zealand describes Ōkura as a rural settlement, which covers 0.36 km (0.14 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 380 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,056 people per km. The settlement
11392-555: The landscape is dotted with 53 volcanic centres that make up the Auckland Volcanic Field . The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitematā Harbour on the Pacific Ocean. Auckland is one of the few cities in the world to have a harbour on each of two separate major bodies of water. The Auckland isthmus was first settled c. 1350 and
11520-463: The late 1950s), and Manukau City in the south. Economic deregulation in the mid-1980s led to very dramatic changes to Auckland's economy, and many companies relocated their head offices from Wellington to Auckland. The region was now the nerve centre of the entire national economy. Auckland also benefited from a surge in tourism, which brought 75 per cent of New Zealand's international visitors through its airport. Auckland's port handled 31 per cent of
11648-407: The late 20th century, have had an increasing presence in Auckland, making it by far the country's most cosmopolitan city. Historically, Auckland's population has been of majority European origin, though the proportion of those of Asian or other non-European origins has increased in recent decades due to the removal of restrictions directly or indirectly based on race . Europeans continue to make up
11776-560: The main urban area, are also nearby. Many Auckland beaches are patrolled by surf lifesaving clubs, such as Piha Surf Life Saving Club the home of Piha Rescue . All surf lifesaving clubs are part of the Surf Life Saving Northern Region . Queen Street , Britomart , Ponsonby Road , Karangahape Road , Newmarket and Parnell are major retail areas. Major markets include those held in Ōtara and Avondale on weekend mornings. A number of shopping centres are located in
11904-539: The major geographical regions of Auckland , the largest city in New Zealand . The area is defined as the northern shores of the Waitematā Harbour as far north as the Ōkura River . The North Shore is primarily uplifted Waitemata Group sandstone from the Miocene , and includes the northernmost features of the Auckland volcanic field , such as Lake Pupuke , the oldest known feature of the field. Settled by Tāmaki Māori in
12032-812: The middle- and outer-suburbs, with Westfield Newmarket , Sylvia Park , Botany Town Centre and Westfield Albany being the largest. A number of arts events are held in Auckland, including the Auckland Festival , the Auckland Triennial, the New Zealand International Comedy Festival , and the New Zealand International Film Festival . The Auckland Philharmonia is the city and region's resident full-time symphony orchestra, performing its own series of concerts and accompanying opera and ballet. Events celebrating
12160-668: The morning and dies down again in the evening. The early morning calm on the isthmus during settled weather, before the sea breeze rises, was described as early as 1853: "In all seasons, the beauty of the day is in the early morning. At that time, generally, a solemn stillness holds, and a perfect calm prevails...". Fog is a common occurrence for Auckland, especially in autumn and winter. Whenuapai Airport experiences an average of 44 fog days per year. Auckland occasionally suffers from air pollution due to fine particle emissions. There are also occasional breaches of guideline levels of carbon monoxide . While maritime winds normally disperse
12288-544: The narrowest sections of the isthmus. Several islands of the Hauraki Gulf are administered as part of the Auckland Region, though they are not part of the Auckland urban area. Parts of Waiheke Island effectively function as Auckland suburbs, while various smaller islands near Auckland are mostly zoned 'recreational open space' or are nature sanctuaries. Under the Köppen climate classification , Auckland has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb ). However, under
12416-529: The new weapons to seek refuge in areas less exposed to coastal raids. As a result, the region had relatively low numbers of Māori when settlement by European New Zealanders began. On 20 March 1840 in the Manukau Harbour area where Ngāti Whātua farmed, paramount chief Apihai Te Kawau signed the Treaty of Waitangi . Ngāti Whātua sought British protection from Ngāpuhi as well as a reciprocal relationship with
12544-472: The north-west. Further to the north is Lucas Creek , which separates Greenhithe from Pāremoremo . Shoal Bay is found to the south, which separates Northcote from Takapuna and Devonport in the east. To the east of Shoal Bay is the Devonport peninsula. The southern Devonport peninsula was formerly a [[presque-isle ]], only joined to the mainland at Narrow Neck by a small spit, until much of Ngataringa Bay
12672-493: The northern alliance, Te Hōtete (father of Hongi Hika ) settled at Takapuna for a period, returning to the north after peace with Ngāti Paoa had been made. The earliest known European to visit the North Shore was French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville , who anchored the Astrolabe at Torpedo Bay in 1827. Lottin, the ship's surveyor, climbed Takarunga / Mount Victoria, and noted the pā fortifications, huts and stonefield gardens in
12800-532: The oldest known features of the Auckland volcanic field , erupting an estimated 193,200 years ago. During the eruption of Lake Pupuke, two lava flows travelled eastwards through the area, burning vegetation and encasing the lower 1-2 metres of the tree trunks in lava. The lava solidified into basalt rock, creating the Takapuna Fossil Forest , which was exposed an estimated 7,000 years ago due to coastal erosion. There are two volcanic maars found on
12928-446: The outcome of a three-year study and public hearings, its Unitary Plan for Auckland. The plan aims to free up to 30 percent more land for housing and allows for greater intensification of the existing urban area, creating 422,000 new dwellings in the next 30 years. Positive aspects of Auckland life are its mild climate, plentiful employment and educational opportunities, as well as numerous leisure facilities. Meanwhile, traffic problems,
13056-427: The plurality of Auckland's population, the city became multicultural and cosmopolitan in the late-20th century, with Asians accounting for 34.9% of the city's population in 2023. Auckland has the fourth largest foreign-born population in the world, with 39% of its residents born overseas. With its sizable population of Pasifika New Zealanders , the city is also home to the largest ethnic Polynesian population in
13184-449: The plurality of the city's population, but no longer constitute a majority after decreasing in proportion from 54.6% to 48.1% between the 2013 and 2018 censuses. Asians now form the second-largest ethnic group, making up nearly one-third of the population. Auckland is home to the largest ethnic Polynesian population of any city in the world, with a sizeable population of Pacific Islanders ( Pasifika ) and indigenous Māori people . In
13312-408: The pollution relatively quickly it can sometimes become visible as smog, especially on calm winter days. The city of Auckland straddles the Auckland Volcanic Field , an area which in the past, produced at least 53 small volcanic centres over the last ~193,000 years, represented by a range of surface features including maars (explosion craters), tuff rings , scoria cones, and lava flows. It
13440-451: The popularity of sailing in the region. 135,000 yachts and launches are registered in Auckland, and around 60,500 of the country's 149,900 registered yachtsmen are from Auckland, with about one in three Auckland households owning a boat. The Viaduct Basin , on the western edge of the CBD, hosted three America's Cup challenges ( 2000 Cup , 2003 Cup and 2021 Cup ). The Waitematā Harbour
13568-597: The rest of his childhood training to become a skilled warrior. Around the year 1700, Kapetaua formed a taua and pursued Taramokomoko, leading to the sacking of pā around the North Shore, including Te Rahopara o Peretū ( Castor Bay ), Onewa (Northcote), and Tauhinu (Greenhithe). After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s. Ngāti Paoa settled in areas such as Te Haukapua (Torpedo Bay), Kiritai ( Narrow Neck ), and Te Onewa Pā at Northcote. Ngāti Whātua periodically occupied Te Onewa Pā and Maungauika / North Head. The Hauraki Gulf coast of
13696-419: The south, stretching in a line from the port village of Onehunga in the west to Howick in the east. Each of the four settlements had about 800 settlers; the men were fully armed in case of emergency, but spent nearly all their time breaking in the land and establishing roads. In the early 1860s, Auckland became a base against the Māori King Movement , and the 12,000 Imperial soldiers stationed there led to
13824-466: The south-east headland of the North Shore located at the mouth of the Waitematā Harbour . The third feature, Takararo / Mount Cambria , was quarried in tis entirety by the 1970s. Of these three features, Maungauika / North Head is significantly older, dated to approximately 87,000 years ago. Takararo / Mount Cambria is estimated to have erupted 43,000 years ago, while Takarunga / Mount Victoria erupted approximately 35,000 years ago. While not located on
13952-556: The south. Likely in the 17th century, the warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region . Maki conquered and unified many of the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki , including those of the North Shore. After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū . His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast , who based himself at
14080-421: The state housing area were abandoned. In 1977, Centrepoint was established as a commune at Albany. It became one of the most influential communes in New Zealand, at its peak had over 200 residents. In the 1990s, commune leaders including founder Bert Potter were charged on child sexual abuse and drug charges, and the commune was shut down in 2000. The Upper Harbour Bridge was opened in 1975, connecting
14208-432: The surrounding area, and manufacturing in the city itself. It has been the nation's largest city throughout most of its history. Today, Auckland's central business district is New Zealand's leading economic hub. The University of Auckland , founded in 1883, is the largest university in New Zealand. The city's significant tourist attractions include national historic sites, festivals, performing arts, sports activities and
14336-505: The transfer of the administration from Russell (now Old Russell ) in the Bay of Islands was completed in 1842. However, even in 1840 Port Nicholson (later renamed Wellington ) was seen as a better choice for an administrative capital because of its proximity to the South Island , and Wellington became the capital in 1865. After losing its status as capital, Auckland remained the principal city of
14464-402: The two most commonly used Māori language names for the North Shore. Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu") name refers to Kahu, the granddaughter of Maki, the namesake ancestor of the iwi Te Kawerau ā Maki . Kahu was among the members of Te Kawerau ā Maki who was based on the North Shore. Te Raki Paewhenua is a name that has been in use since at least the 1980s, and
14592-407: The volcanic hills of Takarunga / Mount Victoria and Maungauika / North Head, and Ōmangaia Pā at Browns Bay . The focal point of Te Kawerau ā Maki on the North Shore was Te Mātārae ō Mana ("The Brow of Mana"), a headland pā at Kauri Point in modern-day Chatswood likely constructed in the 17th century, and Rongohau ("Wind Shelter"), the kāinga below the cliffs at Kendall Bay. The pā
14720-584: The volcanic hills to the south-east, where crops such as uwhi yam , Taro and kūmara . An ara (traditional path) connected Lucas Creek and the Ōkura River. This was used as a portage , where waka could be hauled overland between the two bodies of water. Numerous archaeological sites are found on the banks of the Lucas Creek and the Ōteha valley, because of its importance as a transportation node. Similar portages linked Shoal Bay ( Oneoneroa ) at St Leonards Bay, and Kukuwaka ("Scratched Waka"),
14848-479: The wider southern North Shore area before the early colonial era. The North Shore is primarily uplifted Waitemata Group sandstone, that was deposited on the sea floor during the Early Miocene , between 22 and 16 million years ago, and uplifted due to tectonic forces. The sedimentary layers of Waitemata sandstone can be clearly seen in the eroding cliff faces of the bays along the Hauraki Gulf. Basement rocks in
14976-561: The world. The Māori-language name for Auckland is Tāmaki Makaurau , meaning "Tāmaki desired by many", in reference to the desirability of its natural resources and geography. Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf to the east, the Hunua Ranges to the south-east, the Manukau Harbour to the south-west, and the Waitākere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west. The surrounding hills are covered in rainforest and
15104-483: The year. The water temperature is warmest in February when it averages 21 °C (70 °F), while in August, the water temperature is at its coolest, averaging 14 °C (57 °F). Prevailing winds in Auckland are predominantly from the southwest. The mean annual wind speed for Auckland Airport is 18 kilometres per hour (11 mph). During the summer months there is often a sea breeze in Auckland which starts in
15232-406: Was $ 40,200, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 276 people (25.2%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 579 (52.9%) people were employed full-time, 183 (16.7%) were part-time, and 27 (2.5%) were unemployed. North Shore, New Zealand The North Shore ( Māori : Te Whenua Roa ō Kahu or Māori : Te Raki Paewhenua ) is one of
15360-457: Was 37.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 58.8% had no religion, 32.2% were Christian, 0.5% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.2% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 1.1% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 309 (28.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 99 (9.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
15488-413: Was arrested, and later their neighbour Joseph Burns was found guilty of the murders. Burns became the first European to be executed in New Zealand. Outside of Devonport, European settlements across the North Shore briefly focused on kauri logging. The supply was exhausted by the early 1840s, after which itinerant kauri gum diggers roamed the North Shore. In the early 1840s, Daniel Clucas established
15616-479: Was far greater than that of other settlements: about 50 per cent of the population was Irish, which contrasted heavily with the majority English settlers in Wellington, Christchurch or New Plymouth . The majority of settlers in the early period were assisted by receiving cheap passage to New Zealand. Trams and railway lines shaped Auckland's rapid expansion in the early first half of the 20th century. However, after
15744-556: Was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 44.9, compared with 28.8% nationally. At the 2023 census the Pasifika population formed the majority in the Māngere-Ōtāhuhu local board area and the plurality in the Ōtara-Papatoetoe and Manurewa local board areas. The Asian population formed the majority in the Howick and Puketāpapa local board areas and the plurality in
15872-427: Was of strategic importance due to its commanding view of the Waitematā Harbour, and its proximity to a renowned tauranga mango , a shark fishery which brought seasonal visitors from across Tāmaki Makurau and the Hauraki Gulf in the summer, including important rangatira such as Kiwi Tāmaki of Waiohua , and later Tarahawaiki of Ngāti Whātua . Te Mātārae ō Mana was named after the ancestor Manaoterangi, who
16000-525: Was reclaimed for the Waitemata Golf Course in the 1870s. Traditional histories tell that during king tides , the tombolo was completely submerged. The highest point on the North Shore is a 143 metres (469 ft) hill (A9L5) in the Albany hills, which is the origin point of the Ōkura River . The highest point in metropolitan North Shore is an 88 metres (289 ft) hill (A5X2) to on Pupuke Road in Northcote, referred informally by residents in
16128-449: Was suspended to dry. In 1847, flames were seen rising from the Snow family residence, and the family had found to be murdered. Many feared that Māori had done this, and that Snow's death was a sign of an imminent invasion. To ease tensions, Eruera Maihi Patuone investigated who could have undertaken the murder. Police suspected Thomas Duder, who had followed Snow as the signalman in 1843. Duder
16256-465: Was the rangatira of the pā in the mid-18th century. The pā was spared from the conflicts of the early 18th century between Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua, as Manaoterangi was a close relative of Tuperiri of the Ngāti Whātua, and was married to Waikahuia, the sister of Kiwi Tāmaki. At the end of his life, Manaoterangi entrusted his people to Tuperiri and the iwi that grew to become Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei . By
16384-405: Was valued for its rich and fertile land. The Māori population in the area is estimated to have peaked at 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans. After a British colony was established in New Zealand in 1840, William Hobson , then Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, chose Auckland as its new capital . Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei made a strategic gift of land to Hobson for the new capital. Hobson named
#322677