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66-657: The Tainui iwi share a common ancestry from Polynesian migrants who arrived in New Zealand on the Tainui waka , which voyaged across the Pacific Ocean from Hawaiki to Aotearoa (North Island) approximately 800 years ago. According to Pei Te Hurinui Jones , the Tainui historian, Tainui first entered the Waikato about 1400 bringing with them kumara plants. By about 1450 they had conquered

132-622: A brief period until the mid-1850s Tainui made a good return from selling food to the new settlers but this came to a sudden end when traders realised they could get food – especially flour – much cheaper from New South Wales . Tainui set up a bank at Cambridge to take the deposits of Māori traders; it was burnt down by the people when it was found that chiefs were using the money as their own. Relationships between Europeans and Tainui soured as Europeans began to outnumber Māori (around 1858, across all of New Zealand), stopping them from being dependent on friendly tribes for food and protection. At

198-625: A fisheries deal, the purchase of the Auckland Warriors rugby league team and a hotel in Singapore , which all failed. A financial overhaul and the separation of the Kīngitanga from Tainui business enterprise has paid dividends. The construction of The Base shopping complex has been a winner for the iwi, drawing many retail customers from the Hamilton central business district. Tainui business supports

264-535: A long established drink problem from his youth. Friction broke out between the Maniapoto hosts who wanted to engage with the European settlers and the conservative Kīngitanga adherents who wanted to retain power and remain isolated. Over time the more forward thinking ideas of Maniapoto prevailed, land was sold to the government and work was given to Tainui men on roads and on the main trunk line railway. Māori men were given

330-704: A new population by a very small number of individuals from a larger population, which also causes a loss of genetic variation. Soares et al. (2008) argued for an older pre- Holocene Sundaland origin in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) based on mitochondrial DNA . The "out of Taiwan" model was challenged by a study from Leeds University published in Molecular Biology and Evolution . Examination of mitochondrial DNA lineages indicates that they have been evolving in ISEA for longer than previously believed. Ancestors of

396-438: A peace settlement through " kingmaker " Wiremu Tamihana , in mid-1861 he sent an ultimatum to the movement's leaders. When it was rejected he began drawing up plans to invade the Waikato and depose the king. After a pause, these plans were continued by his successor Governor George Grey , who used troops from the newly formed Commissariat Transport Corps to start construction work on the so-called Great South Road from Drury to

462-448: A population density of 998 people per km . Before the 2023 census, the town had a smaller boundary, covering 12.48 km (4.82 sq mi). Using that boundary, Te Awamutu had a population of 12,198 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 1,578 people (14.9%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 2,052 people (20.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 4,656 households, comprising 5,787 males and 6,414 females, giving

528-459: A request to assist with the planned attack, "You must fight me if you come on to Auckland; for these Europeans are under my protection", referring to Auckland as the "hem of his cloak" and placing it under his personal tapu . During this time large numbers of new migrants came to Auckland and Te Wherowhero established a house in Māngere so he could oversee trade and get advice from the government. For

594-502: A roll of 262. Many of these students then progress on to Te Awamutu Intermediate, with a roll of 457, and Te Awamutu College, with a roll of 1362. There are also three other schools in the town: The town's best known residents are the Finn Brothers , Tim and Neil , whose musical careers have stretched from Split Enz through the internationally successful Crowded House to their current solo and collaborative works. The town

660-478: A sex ratio of 0.9 males per female, with 2,421 people (19.8%) aged under 15 years, 2,208 (18.1%) aged 15 to 29, 4,944 (40.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 2,631 (21.6%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 81.8% European/ Pākehā , 23.2% Māori , 2.7% Pacific peoples , 4.5% Asian , and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 14.7, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer

726-651: A suitable miller to operate the mills and to train Māori in this skill. Possibly the oldest surviving building in the Waikato is St John's church, built in 1853 as part of the mission station. It is in Gothic Revival style. During the 1850s the wider area prospered on the back of sending surplus farm produce to Auckland. For a brief period wheat was even sent overseas. By the late 1850s prices dropped as cheaper flour and other foodstuffs were imported from Australia. This caused huge resentment among local Māori who had grown use to

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792-484: Is close to the extinct Kakepuku and Pirongia volcanoes (and other volcanoes of the Alexandra Volcanic Group ). Maungatautari , another extinct volcanic cone, now the site of New Zealand's largest ecological restoration project, is also nearby. Other towns surrounding Te Awamutu include Cambridge , 25 kilometres to the northeast, Otorohanga , 30 kilometres to the southwest, and Raglan 50 kilometres to

858-665: Is intended to support more freight by rail versus road, thus reducing CO 2 emissions and congestion around the ports of Auckland and Tauranga. Tainui have said that this may provide up to 12,000 jobs and will be a 30–50 year project. The project will include a 195ha Logistics precinct, 262ha Light Industrial precinct, 108ha Innovation precinct, 3 retail areas, 1,800 mixed density houses and over 60ha of public open space for walk and cycle ways, ecological and storm water functions. The project has been approved by an independent Board of Inquiry, which will enable development to start in 2015 which will provide much needed employment and amenities to

924-573: Is mentioned in Split Enz's song "Haul Away", and also in Crowded House's 1986 song " Mean to Me ", the debut single from their self-titled debut album . Writer Heather Morris , author of The Tattooist of Auschwitz , was born in the town in 1953. She was inducted into the Te Awamutu Walk of Fame in 2019. Musician Spencer P. Jones ( The Beasts of Bourbon , Paul Kelly and The Coloured Girls )

990-509: Is often referred to as "The Rose Town of New Zealand" because of its elaborate rose gardens in the centre of the town. Many local businesses use "Rosetown" in their name, and the symbol of the rose is widely used on local signs and billboards. The local paper, Te Awamutu Courier , has a symbol of a rose in the masthead on its front page. Tainui Māori first settled in the area in about 1450, according to noted Tainui historian Te Hurinui-Jones. Te Awamutu means "the river cut short", as it marked

1056-679: Is on gently undulating land close to the banks of a tributary of the Waipā River . The Waikato Plains lie to the north and east, and the promontory of Mount Pirongia , 20 kilometres to the west, is easily visible. Inside the township are two streams called the Mangapiko Stream and the Mangaohoi Stream. The Mangaohoi ends and becomes the Tributary of the Mangapiko near Memorial park. The town

1122-973: The Marquesas . From here, they expanded further to Hawaii by 900 AD, Easter Island by 1000 AD, and finally New Zealand by 1200 AD. Analysis by Kayser et al. (2008) found that only 21% of the Polynesian autosomal gene pool is of Australo-Melanesian origin, with the remaining 79% being of Austronesian origin. Another study by Friedlaender et al. (2008) also confirmed that some Polynesians are genetically closer to Micronesians , Taiwanese Aborigines , and Islander Southeast Asians . The study concluded that Polynesians moved through Melanesia fairly rapidly, allowing only limited admixture between Austronesians and Papuans. Polynesians predominantly belong to Haplogroup B (mtDNA), particularly to mtDNA B4a1a1 (the Polynesian motif). The high frequencies of mtDNA B4 in Polynesians are

1188-707: The New Zealand Wars of the 19th century, serving as a garrison town for the colonial settlers from 1864. European settlement began at the conclusion of the Waikato Wars (1863–1865). The local Mangatoatoa Marae and Te Maru o Ihowa meeting house is a meeting place for the Ngāti Maniapoto hapū of Ngutu , Pare te Kawa and Parewaeono , and the Waikato Tainui hapū of Ngāti Ngutu and Ngāti Paretekawa . Rangiaowhia , or Rangiaohia Highway Board administered

1254-807: The Polynesian languages , a branch of the Oceanic subfamily within the Austronesian language family . The Indigenous Māori people form the largest Polynesian population, followed by Samoans , Native Hawaiians , Tahitians , Tongans , and Cook Islands Māori . As of 2012 , there were an estimated 2 million ethnic Polynesians (both full and part) worldwide. The vast majority either inhabit independent Polynesian nation-states ( Samoa , Niue , Cook Islands , Tonga , and Tuvalu ) or form minorities in countries such as Australia , Chile ( Easter Island ), New Zealand , France ( French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna ), and

1320-914: The United States ( Hawaii and American Samoa ), as well as in the British Overseas Territory of the Pitcairn Islands . New Zealand had the highest population of Polynesians, estimated at 110,000 in the 18th century. Polynesians have acquired a reputation as great navigators, with their canoes reaching the most remote corners of the Pacific and allowing the settlement of islands as far apart as Hawaii, Rapanui (Easter Island), and Aotearoa (New Zealand). The people of Polynesia accomplished this voyaging using ancient navigation skills, including reading stars, currents, clouds, and bird movements—skills that have been passed down through successive generations to

1386-487: The Waipa District and serves as a service town for the farming communities which surround it. Te Awamutu is located some 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Hamilton on State Highway 3 , one of the two main routes south from Auckland and Hamilton. Te Awamutu has a population of 14,150 (June 2024), making it the fifth-largest urban area in the Waikato behind Hamilton, Taupō , Cambridge and Tokoroa . The town

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1452-535: The aukati ('boundary'). Under the New Zealand Settlements Act , which had been passed in December 1863, Governor Grey confiscated more than 480,000 hectares of land from the Tainui iwi (tribe) in the Waikato as punishment for their "rebellion". The war and confiscation of land caused heavy economic, social and cultural damage to Waikato-Tainui. The Maniapoto, by contrast, had been more zealous for war than

1518-461: The governor thought posed a threat to Auckland and the new settlers as it had done in Taranaki. Tainui were the tribe responsible for the setting up of the Kīngitanga in 1858 – a pan-Māori movement of mainly central North Island iwi who aimed at establishing a separate Māori nation with a Māori King. The key aim was the refusal of the kingites to sell land to the government . The first Māori king

1584-567: The $ 3 billion inland port. Few details of the Taupō disaster have been made public. The Waikato Times in September 2014 reported internal friction in the tribe between those who see the Port development as risky and those favouring a higher risk model. After the failure of the Taupō venture the tribe is uneasy about risking its asset base on such a huge venture. In November 2014 a new marae based management structure

1650-598: The Crown. Te Awamutu was a missionary settlement built by the missionaries and Māori Christians in July 1839 after they observed Tainui cannibals who had been fighting at Rotorua , return with 60 backpacks of human remains and proceed to cook and eat them in the Otawhao pa. The growith of the king movement led Governor Thomas Gore Browne to conclude that they would have to be compelled to submit to British rule. After attempting to achieve

1716-503: The European settlers, and "the present European population…would have been literally starved out of the country but for the extraordinary exertions made by the aboriginal inhabitants to supply them with cheap provisions", as the Southern Cross newspaper reported in 1844. A year later, when the less than 4,000 settlers of Auckland were under threat from an attack by Ngāpuhi from the south, Tainui rangatira Te Wherowhero responded to

1782-515: The Kingite border at the Mangatāwhiri Stream near Pōkeno . Events in early 1863 brought tensions to a head. In March Kingites obstructed the construction of a police station at Te Kohekohe, near Meremere , and raided the property at Te Awamutu occupied by magistrate and Commissioner John Gorst . The raiders, led by Rewi Maniapoto and Wiremu Kīngi , sent a message to Gorst—who was absent at

1848-535: The Kīngitanga financially, as well as fostering tertiary education for tribal members with grants. Tainui has very close links with Waikato University and each year the university closes down during major Tainui celebrations. From 2002 until 2008 Tainui was also the name of a Māori electorate in Parliament. It was replaced by the Hauraki-Waikato electorate. In 2009 it was announced that Tainui Group Holdings

1914-480: The North Island of New Zealand. The town has three large supermarkets, electronics retailers, a well equipped sports / leisure centre and The Kihikihi Trail cycleway, which opened in 2017. The town has a large dairy factory, and serves as an important centre in the local dairy industry. Te Awamutu has two co-educational state primary schools: Te Awamutu Primary School, with a roll of 618 and Pekerau School with

1980-694: The Otawhao Pa. In 1842 the Rev. John Morgan moved to the Otawhao Mission Station. Otawhao was to the south west of Te Awamutu, on the rise overlooking what is now Centennial Park. The CMS missionaries established a flourishing trade school that focused on developing agricultural skills. The missionaries introduced European crops such as wheat, potatoes and peaches. In 1846 Morgan provided advice and some capital to help local Māori to construct eight water mills to grind wheat into flour. Morgan assisted in finding

2046-548: The Polynesians are believed to be the Neolithic Lapita culture . This group emerged in Island Melanesia and Micronesia around 1500 BC from a convergence of Austronesian migration waves, originating from both Island Southeast Asia to the west and an earlier Austronesian migration to Micronesia to the north. The culture was distinguished by dentate-stamped pottery. However, their eastward expansion halted when they reached

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2112-560: The Polynesians arrived in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea at least 6,000 to 8,000 years ago. A 2014 study by Lipson et al., using whole genome data , supports the findings of Kayser et al. Modern Polynesians were shown to have lower levels of admixture with Australo-Melanesians than Austronesians in Island Melanesia . Nonetheless, both groups show admixture, along with other Austronesian populations outside of Taiwan, indicating varying degrees of intermarriage between

2178-591: The Prime Minister Fraser after a hui at Turangawaewae. The deal was accepted by Roore Edwards speaking for Te Puea. Tainui have been actively seeking a resolution to their ongoing grievance over the 1863 confiscation of lands, water rights, and harbour rights. Tribal members were annoyed that the leadership appeared to be frittering away the large annual income on expensive hui. Most of the funds were spent on administration costs, grants to marae for functions such as tangi and entertaining visitors. In 1995 as part of

2244-455: The Treaty of Waitangi settlement the tribe received a second lot of compensation amounting to $ 195 million, made up of cash and parcels of land in and around Hamilton such as the former air force base at Te Rapa , now called The Base . The compensation is a little over 1 percent of the value of the lands taken as a result of the 1863 invasion. At first many of the investments made were poor such as

2310-513: The Waikato on 12 July 1863. The kingitangi forces were defeated at the Battle of Rangiriri on 20–21 November 1863 and on 8 December the Kingite capital at Ngāruawāhia was abandoned to Cameron's troops. A new defensive line was built to the south, centered on Paterangi , the largest system of Māori fortifications built during the New Zealand Wars, which was designed to block the main approaches to

2376-526: The Waikato, yet suffered no loss of land because its territory was too remote to be of use to white settlers. Some Tainui, such as Wiremu Te Wheoro of Ngati Naho, who was a magistrate for the Pokeno area and later became a Māori MP, fought with the British during the invasion. They established their own press, police force, laws and governing body. Europeans who entered the Kīngitanga area were killed. However, because

2442-541: The agriculturally rich Rangiaowhia district, east of Te Awamutu . On 20 February 1864, Cameron by-passed the fortress and attacked Te Awamutu directly, where he massacred civilians. The kingite forces withdrew; Wiremu Tamihana went east to Maungatautari to block a British advance up the Waikato River into Ngati Raukawa territory. Rewi Maniapoto moved south into the Hangitiki Valley to defend Ngati Maniapoto bases. He

2508-458: The basics of numeracy and farming skills. Two mills were built to grind the wheat into flour – one near Cambridge on a stream leading to the Waikato River , parts of the mill being still visible. Later in the 1850s six others were built in the general area. Produce was exported as far as Victoria and California. The relationship was far from one-sided. The Tainui tribe provided food to

2574-482: The census's question about religious affiliation, 50.4% had no religion, 37.1% were Christian , 1.1% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.8% were Hindu , 0.2% were Muslim , 0.5% were Buddhist and 1.9% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 1,317 (13.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 2,442 (25.0%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,296 people (13.3%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

2640-557: The country was unproductive and the people cut themselves off from European civilization they struggled to develop the Kīngitanga ideal. A number of Pākehā had lived with Ngāti Maniapoto since 1842 such as the French trader Louis Hetet. All of them married Māori women. Drunkenness became a problem among the Kingitanga supporters south of the Puniu, particularly after the arrival of Te Kooti , who had

2706-404: The eastern side of Hamilton. In 2008 Tainui started work on developing a luxury $ 10 million resort at Lake Taupō. The business failed with the onset of the recession and the assets were valued by Jones, Lang, Lasalle registered valuers, at about $ 3 million. The failure of this venture under the direction of Mike Pohio Tainui Holdings CEO has raised questions about the ability of the iwi to develop

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2772-630: The end of the navigable section of the Mangapiko Stream . Te Awamutu was the birthplace of the first Māori King , Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (died 1860). The first European missionaries visited the area in 1834. A missionary settlement was set up by Benjamin Yate Ashwell of the Church Missionary Society (CMS). and Māori Christians in July 1839 after they observed Tainui warriors, who had been fighting at Rotorua , return with 60 backpacks of human remains and proceed to cook and eat them in

2838-457: The first humans to cross vast distances of water on ocean-going boats. Despite the popularity of rejected hypotheses, such as Thor Heyerdahl 's belief that Polynesians are descendants of "bearded white men" who sailed on primitive rafts from South America , Polynesians are believed to have originated from a branch of the Austronesian migrations in Island Melanesia . The direct ancestors of

2904-460: The genetics of modern Polynesians (as well as Islander Melanesians ) occurred after the settlement of Tonga and Vanuatu . A 2020 study found that Polynesians and the Indigenous peoples of South America came in contact around 1200, centuries before Europeans interacted with either group. There are an estimated 2 million ethnic Polynesians and many of partial Polynesian descent worldwide,

2970-418: The history of Te Awamutu and the surrounding area. The museum contains one of the most famous early Māori artifacts, a large carved post known simply as Te Uenuku . This impressive carving has caused much controversy because its style is markedly different from any other early Māori work, yet it is clearly of a Māori design. Te Awamutu itself is located on SH3 , one of the major routes used when touring

3036-409: The incoming Neolithic Austronesian settlers and the preexisting Paleolithic Australo-Melanesian populations of Island Southeast Asia and Melanesia . Studies from 2016 and 2017 also support the idea that the earliest Lapita settlers mostly bypassed New Guinea, coming directly from Taiwan or the northern Philippines . The intermarriage and admixture with Australo-Melanesian Papuans evident in

3102-457: The last of the indigenous people in a battle at Ātiamuri . During the late 1840s and early 1850s European missionaries introduced Tainui to modern inventions such as the water mill and gave then instruction in how to raise various European crops: potatoes were particularly widely planted. They set up a trade school in Te Awamutu to educate young Tainui so they became literate and taught

3168-612: The majority of whom live in Polynesia, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. The Polynesian peoples are listed below in their distinctive ethnic and cultural groupings, with estimates of the larger groups provided: Polynesia : Polynesian outliers : Te Awamutu Te Awamutu is a town in the Waikato region in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the council seat of

3234-473: The northwest. The small town of Kihikihi lies just to the south of Te Awamutu. The main thoroughfare is Alexandra Street, so named because it was once the main road to the town of Alexandra (since renamed to Pirongia to avoid confusion with the town of Alexandra in the South Island ). Te Awamutu covers 14.18 km (5.47 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 14,150 as of June 2024, with

3300-463: The present day. Polynesians, including Samoans , Tongans , Niueans , Cook Islands Māori , Tahitian Mā'ohi , Hawaiian Māoli , Marquesans , and New Zealand Māori , are a subset of the Austronesian peoples . They share the same origins as the indigenous peoples of Taiwan , Maritime Southeast Asia , Micronesia , and Madagascar . This is supported by genetic , linguistic and archaeological evidence. There are multiple hypotheses regarding

3366-406: The result of genetic drift and represent the descendants of a few Austronesian females who mixed with Papuan males. The Polynesian population experienced a founder effect and genetic drift due to the small number of ancestors. As a result of the founder effect, Polynesians are distinctively different both genotypically and phenotypically from the parent population, due to the establishment of

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3432-515: The roads in the town until Te Awamutu Town Board's election on 1 November 1884. The board first met on 8 November, though there had been an earlier attempt to form a board and there was an unsuccessful challenge to the legality of the election. Te Awamutu Borough Council took over from the board and first met on 10 May 1915. It was merged into Waipā District Council on 23 October 1989. Te Awamutu literally means in English "The River's End". The town

3498-524: The same time as respect for even high-ranking Māori waned, desire for land settled by them grew among Europeans. At the outbreak of the First Taranaki War , "friendly Māori" in Auckland had to be issued with arm badges to protect them from assault. Tainui people were expelled from the Auckland area in 1863 because of their refusal to take the oath of allegiance to the Crown and hand in their weapons, which

3564-411: The scenes to recover the remainder of the land they believed was wrongly confiscated (120,000 acres (490 km) was returned by 1873) from them after their defeat during the land wars . Some land or reserves were given back to Tainui but this act caused intra-tribal friction for many years because most of the land retained by the government was in the north and central Waikato. None of the Maniapoto land

3630-429: The time—to quit the property or risk death; Grey recalled Gorst to Auckland soon after. On 4 June, British troops attacked Tainui Māori at Tataraimaka. On 9 July 1863 Grey issued a new ultimatum, ordering that all Māori living between Auckland and the Waikato take an oath of allegiance to Queen Victoria or be expelled south of the river. British forces under Duncan Cameron crossed the Mangatāwhiri Stream and invaded

3696-410: The tribe was prepared to accept money in compensation for the confiscated land. In April 1946 an additional payment of £5000 (later $ 15,000) per annum was made in perpetuity – this was considered a full and final payment by the Crown, but although accepted by the Kingitanga royalty some members remained discontented as they wanted land. This was a deal worked out directly between Tainui leadership and

3762-456: The ultimate origin and mode of dispersal of the Austronesian peoples , but the most widely accepted theory is that modern Austronesians originated from migrations out of Taiwan between 3000 and 1000 BC. Using relatively advanced maritime innovations such as the catamaran , outrigger boats , and crab claw sails , they rapidly colonized the islands of both the Indian and Pacific oceans. They were

3828-486: The vote and Māori were given four Members in Parliament who all argued strongly for modernisation and acceptance of the benefits of Pākehā civilization. Following this schools, stores and churches were built. Some of the Tainui leaders were employed by the government as advisors or given government pensions in recognition of their change of heart and willingness to engage with the government. Tainui continued to work behind

3894-411: The wealth provided by trade. Some of the more warlike Māori such as Rewi Maniapoto blamed the missionaries for having a negative influence on Māori tikanga (cultural practices). He attempted to kill the local missionary and burnt down the trade school and other mission buildings. Some Christian Māori warned Europeans to leave the Waikato as their lives were in danger. Te Awamutu was a major site during

3960-523: The western Polynesian islands of Fiji , Samoa , and Tonga by around 900 BC. This remained the furthest extent of the Austronesian expansion in the Pacific for approximately 1,500 years, during which the Lapita culture in these islands abruptly lost the technology of pottery-making for unknown reasons. They resumed their eastward migrations around 700 AD, spreading to the Cook Islands , French Polynesia , and

4026-417: Was confiscated, despite the fact they were the most actively hostile iwi in Taranaki and during the Waikato campaign , and this annoyed the other Tainui iwi. 120,000 acres (490 km) of land was returned to the rebels a few months after the British victory. In 1926 a government commission agreed to pay an annual payment of £3000. Te Puea, the main force in Tainui leadership, indicated to the government that

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4092-468: Was encircled at Ōrākau on 30 March 1864 and forced to withdraw to the south on 1 April. After their defeat at the hands of the British and kūpapa Māori, who fought alongside the troops, King Tāwhiao and his people were forced to retreat into the heartland of Ngāti Maniapoto , establishing a quasi-autonomous community based around the Kīngitanga, known as the King Country , south of a border known as

4158-443: Was that 4,587 (46.9%) people were employed full-time, 1,308 (13.4%) were part-time, and 393 (4.0%) were unemployed. For earlier censuses, Te Awamutu was divided into four area units , central, east, south and west, as in this table. Māori formed 19.7% of the population in central, 22.8% in east, 23.2% in south and 25.7% in west. Te Awamutu Museum was established in 1935. The museum has a number of permanent exhibitions focusing on

4224-419: Was the great Waikato warrior Te Wherowhero who came from a great line of rangatira . Tainui, who had conquered much Taranaki land, sent warriors to help fight the settlers and British soldiers in Taranaki to prevent minor chiefs selling land to the government. Missionaries at Te Awamutu told the Kīngitanga they would be considered rebels by the government after they refused to take an oath of allegiance to

4290-537: Was to develop farm land adjacent to the Ruakura Research Station and University of Waikato and plan to establish an inland hub for the redistribution and repackaging of containerized products complementing the ports of Auckland and Tauranga . Ruakura will be centered around the existing and planned infrastructure being the East Coast Main Trunk railway line and the proposed Waikato Expressway. Ruakura

4356-565: Was voted in designed to rein in risky development. Polynesians Polynesians are an ethnolinguistic group comprising closely related ethnic groups native to Polynesia , which encompasses the islands within the Polynesian Triangle in the Pacific Ocean . They trace their early prehistoric origins to Island Southeast Asia and are part of the larger Austronesian ethnolinguistic group, with an Urheimat in Taiwan . They speak

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