105-750: Nordhoff may refer to: Ojai, California , a city that was formerly named Nordhoff Nordhoff High School , a public high school in Ojai, California Nordhoff station , a metro station in Chatsworth, Los Angeles Nordhoff Street , a major thoroughfare in Los Angeles Heinrich Nordhoff (1899–1968), German automotive engineer, managing director of Volkswagen Charles Nordhoff (1887–1947), English-born author Charles Nordhoff (journalist) (1830–1901), German-born, American journalist Topics referred to by
210-562: A warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. The city's climate is influenced by the Pacific Ocean, resulting in far more moderate temperatures than locations further inland experience. Snow in Malibu is extremely rare, but flurries with higher accumulations in the nearby mountains occurred on January 17, 2007. More recently, snow fell in the city on January 25, 2021. The record high temperature of 104 °F (40 °C)
315-591: A 50-room mansion that was started in the 1920s as the main Rindge home on a hill overlooking the lagoon. The unfinished building was sold to the Franciscan Order in 1942 and is operated as a retreat facility, Serra Retreat. It burned in the 1970 fire and was rebuilt using many of the original tiles. Most of the Big Rock Drive area was bought in 1936 by William Randolph Hearst , who considered building an estate on
420-519: A brush fire that swept through the area in 1959, and the other in the 1993 Malibu fire. McAnany Way is named after him. Malibu Colony was one of the first areas with private homes after May Rindge opened Malibu to development in 1926. Frederick Rindge paid $ 10 an acre in 1890. One of Malibu's most famous districts, it is south of Malibu Road and the Pacific Coast Highway, west of Malibu Lagoon State Beach, east of Malibu Bluffs Park (formerly
525-470: A female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.06. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
630-451: A fire started in a gasoline stove in a store in the Arcade and the stores in the western half of the Arcade burned down. Part of the Arcade suffered smoke damage but did not burn down. A new Spanish-style Foothills Hotel was built in 1919–1920 to replace the one that burned down. The Taormina neighborhood was established as the first historic district in the city in 2016. The housing development
735-532: A lengthy court battle to prevent the building of a Southern Pacific railroad line through the ranch. Interstate Commerce Commission regulations would not support a railroad condemning property in order to build tracks that paralleled an existing line, so Frederick Rindge built his own railroad through his property first. He died, and May followed through with the plans, building the Hueneme, Malibu and Port Los Angeles Railway . The line started at Carbon Canyon, just inside
840-582: A mile east of the pier, was ravaged by a fire in 1931. It partially reopened in 1932, but could not recover from the effects of the Great Depression and a steep downturn in Southern California construction projects. A distinct hybrid of Moorish and Arts and crafts designs, Malibu tile is considered highly collectible. Fine examples of the tiles may be seen at the Adamson House and Serra Retreat,
945-484: A special tax district would be formed. This was approved by almost 90 percent of voters but it was tied up in court by the private water purveyor, Golden State Water Company . Casitas Municipal Water District took over management of the Ojai water system by purchase of the franchise from Golden State Water Company in April 2017. The Ojai Valley Sanitary District treats the sewage from the city and surrounding areas. In 2020,
1050-715: A state park), and across from the Malibu Civic Center. May Rindge allowed prominent Hollywood movie stars to build vacation homes in the Colony as a defensive public relations wedge against the Southern Pacific from taking her property under eminent domain for a coastal train route. The action forced the Southern Pacific to route its northbound line inland then return to the coast in Ventura. But her long legal battle to protect
1155-427: A whopping 23.46 inches (595.9 mm) in eight days from January 19 to 26. In contrast, the median annual rainfall for all years in Ojai is only around 18.1 inches (460 mm) and in the driest "rain year" from July 2020 to June 2021, just 5.46 inches (138.7 mm) fell in twelve months. The wettest "rain year" was from July 1997 to June 1998 with 48.29 inches (1,226.6 mm). The city's population dropped between
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#17328524173721260-399: Is Nordhoff Junior High and High School . The former public middle high school, named "Matilija", formerly served as Nordhoff Union High School and still features large tiles with the initials "NUHS" on the steps of the athletic field. The Ventura and Ojai Valley Railroad connected Ojai to the national rail network near Ventura station in 1898. The Southern Pacific Railroad acquired all
1365-748: Is a beach city in the Santa Monica Mountains region of Los Angeles County, California , about 30 miles (48 km) west of Downtown Los Angeles . It is known for its Mediterranean climate , its strip of beaches stretching 21 miles (34 km) along the Pacific Ocean coast, and for its longtime status as the home of numerous affluent Hollywood celebrities and executives. Although a high proportion of its residents are entertainment industry figures with multi-million dollar mansions, Malibu also features several middle - and upper-middle-class neighborhoods. The Pacific Coast Highway ( State Route 1 ) traverses
1470-584: Is about 10 miles (16 km) long by 3 miles (5 km) wide and divided into a lower and an upper valley, each of similar size, surrounded by hills and mountains. The population was 7,637 at the 2020 census , up from 7,461 at the 2010 census . Ojai is known for its boutique hotels, recreation opportunities, hiking, and farmers' market of local organic agriculture. It has small businesses specializing in local and ecologically friendly art, design, and home improvement. Chain stores are prohibited by city ordinance to encourage local small business development and retain
1575-596: Is approximately 745 feet (227 m) above sea level and borders the Los Padres National Forest to the north. It is approximately 15 miles (24 km) inland from the Pacific Ocean . The Ojai Valley lies within the Topatopa Mountains on the north and south and is actively shaped by a web of earthquake faults. The Sisar fault in the valley was the epicenter of a magnitude 5.1 earthquake on August 20, 2023. The Santa Ynez Mountains lie to
1680-635: Is believed to have moored at Malibu Lagoon, at the mouth of Malibu Creek, to obtain fresh water in 1542. The Spanish presence returned with the California mission system, and the area was part of Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit —a 13,000-acre (53 km ) land grant —in 1802. Baptismal records list 118 individuals from Humaliwo. That ranch passed intact to Frederick Hastings Rindge in 1891. He and his wife, Rhoda May Knight Rindge , staunchly protected their land. After his death, May guarded their property zealously by hiring guards to evict all trespassers and fighting
1785-525: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ojai, California Ojai ( / ˈ oʊ h aɪ / OH -hy ; Chumash : ’Awhaỳ ) is a city in Ventura County, California . Located in the Ojai Valley, it is northwest of Los Angeles and east of Santa Barbara . The valley is part of the east–west trending Western Transverse Ranges and
1890-506: Is home to several private boarding schools as well as other private and alternative school programs: The Ojai Valley News is a weekly, community-oriented newspaper that has been published since October 27, 1891. The newspaper was called The Ojai until 1958. A newspaper called The Ojai Valley News was founded in competition to The Ojai in 1949. In 1958, J. Frank Knebel bought The Ojai , The Ojai Valley News and another small paper called The Oaks Gazette . He called this combined paper
1995-641: Is now part of Malibu Creek State Park, between Malibu Lagoon State Beach and Surfrider Beach, beside the Malibu Pier that was used to provide transportation to/from the ranch, including construction materials for the Rindge railroad, and to tie up the family's yacht. In 1926, in an effort to avoid selling land to stave off insolvency, May Rindge created a small ceramic tile factory. At its height, Malibu Potteries employed over 100 workers, and produced decorative tiles that furnish many Los Angeles-area public buildings and Beverly Hills residences. The factory, half
2100-499: Is one of two cities in the county that initially allowed retail sales. Voters approved a 3% tax on retail marijuana sales on 2020, which could eventually grow to a 10% tax. State law says local governments may not prohibit adults from growing, using or transporting marijuana for personal use but they can prohibit companies from growing, testing, and selling cannabis within their jurisdiction by licensing none or only some of these activities. The state requires cities to allow deliveries. By
2205-499: Is the largest employer in Malibu. Jakks Pacific is based in Malibu. Established in 1937 in south-central Los Angeles, Pepperdine University moved to its Malibu campus in 1972. But when Malibu incorporated as a city, the boundaries were drawn to exclude Pepperdine, at the college's insistence. The Surfrider Foundation was formed in 1984 by a group of surfers gathered to protect 31 miles (50 km) of coastal waters from Marina Del Rey through Malibu to Ventura County, and represent
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#17328524173722310-700: Is today) and most of the buildings there were demolished. In 1916, he hired the architectural firm of Frank Mead and Richard Requa of San Diego to transform Nordhoff into the Spanish-style town center seen today. The project included a Mission-style arcade along the main street, a bell-tower reminiscent of the famous campanile of the Cathedral of the Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception in Havana, Cuba (also known as
2415-691: The Ojai Tennis Tournament is held. It is the oldest tennis tournament west of the Mississippi River (founded in 1896) and has been an early competition for many players who went on to earn one or more Grand Slam titles. The Wall of Fame in Libbey Park honors players who competed and went on to win at least one Grand Slam. William Thacher (brother of Sherman Thacher) founded the Ojai Valley Tennis Club in 1895. There were five years when
2520-668: The Ojai Valley News and Oaks Gazette. A competition newspaper called The Ojai Press was founded in 1959 and another called The Oaks Sentinel came out the following year. When both of these papers floundered a group of over 100 people called "Voice of the Valley" pitched in to take over these papers and began publishing the Press Sentinel . Members of the Voice of the Valley group felt strongly that there needed to be an alternative viewpoint in
2625-663: The Ojai Valley Visitors Guide ) and the Ojai Quarterly , magazines published every three months. In early June, often coinciding with the Music Festival, the Ojai Wine Festival is held at Lake Casitas. Over 3,000 wine lovers sample the products of more than 30 wineries. Proceeds go to charity. The town of Ojai and the surrounding area is home to many recreational activities. Los Padres National Forest borders
2730-498: The poverty line , including 15.9% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over. Ojai is a tourism destination known for its boutique hotels, recreation opportunities, hiking, and farmers' market of local organic agriculture. The 306-room Ojai Valley Inn , which opened in 1923, is situated on 220 acres with a golf course and tennis courts. There are just 12 hotels within city limits but short-term vacation rentals (STVR) were banned in 2016. A few accommodations are available in
2835-433: The 1993 wildfire stripped the surrounding mountains of their earth-hugging chaparral , torrential rainstorms in early 1994 caused a massive mudslide near Las Flores Canyon that closed down the Pacific Coast Highway for months. Thousands of tons of mud, rocks, and water rained down on the highway. The destruction to property and infrastructure was exacerbated by the road's narrowness at that point, with beachside houses abutting
2940-582: The California Coastal Act. The state Legislature eventually passed a Malibu-specific law that allowed the Coastal Commission to write an LCP for Malibu, thus limiting the city's ability to control many aspects of land use. Because of the failure to adequately address sewage disposal problems in the heart of the city, the local water board ordered Malibu in November 2009 to build a sewage plant for
3045-525: The California Department of Transportation (Cal-Trans) over a year after the road collapsed. Mudslides can occur at any time in Malibu, whether a recent fire or rainstorm has occurred or not. Pacific Coast Highway , Kanan Dume Road , and Malibu Canyon Road (as well as many other local roads) have all been prone to many subsequent mudslide-related closures. During any period of prolonged or intense rain, Caltrans snowplows patrol most canyon roads in
3150-473: The California coast, Christianize the native population, found military presidios and relocate Chumash people from their villages into Spanish missions . Due to violence and imported disease, Chumash people died at devastating rates under Spanish rule. According to George Tinker, a Native Scholar, “The Native American population of coastal population was reduced by some 90 percent during seventy years under
3255-535: The City of Ojai Recreation Center. The center was formerly the Boyd Clubhouse which was built in 1903 and located on the south side of Ojai Avenue east of Libbey Park. The Boyd Club was a men's athletic and activity club. The Boyd clubhouse was moved to Sarzotti Park in 1957. The city's recreational program offers soccer, softball, football, basketball, tennis, volleyball, exercise programs, and many other classes. In April,
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3360-535: The Civic Center area. The city council has objected to that solution. On February 2, 2007, Civic Center Stormwater Treatment Facility opened. On June 29, 2016, City of Malibu Civic Center Wasterwater Treatment Facility , Phase 1, broke ground. Malibu's eastern end borders the community of Topanga , which separates it from the city of Los Angeles. According to the United States Census Bureau ,
3465-537: The Havana Cathedral), and a pergola with two arches opposite the arcade. In March 1917, just after completion of the renovation project, the name of the town was changed to Ojai. The valley had always been known as "The Ojai". Leading up to and during World War I, American sentiment became increasingly anti-German . Across the United States, German and German-sounding place names were changed. Some Ojai writers in
3570-574: The Libbey Glass Company of Toledo, Ohio. He fell in love with the valley, bought property in the Foothills tract in 1909, and built a Craftsman-style house designed by Myron Hunt and Elmer Grey. Steeped in City Beautiful ideals, Libbey began thinking about what could be done to beautify the existing rustic town. He bought up all the properties on the south side of Ojai Avenue (where Libbey Park
3675-562: The Malibu coast had been costly, and she died penniless. Long known as a popular private enclave for wealthy celebrities, the Malibu Colony is a gated community , with multi-million-dollar homes on small lots. It has views of the Pacific, with coastline views stretching from Santa Monica to Rancho Palos Verdes to the south (known locally as the Queen's Necklace ) and the bluffs of Point Dume to
3780-428: The Malibu coast include Leo Carrillo State Beach and Park , Malibu Creek State Park , Point Mugu State Park , and Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach , along with individual beaches such as El Matador Beach, El Pescador Beach, La Piedra Beach, Carbon Beach, Surfrider Beach, Westward Beach, and Escondido Beach. Paradise Cove, Pirates Cove, Trancas, and Encinal Bluffs are along the coast in Malibu. Point Dume forms
3885-424: The Malibu land grant was incorporated as a city to allow local control of the area (as cities under California law, they are not subject to the same level of county government oversight). Prior to achieving municipal status, the local residents had fought several county-proposed developments, including an offshore freeway, a nuclear power plant , and several plans to replace septic tanks with sewer lines to protect
3990-464: The Ojai Valley when his book came out in 1873, but made several visits to his namesake town in the early 1880s, and he mentioned the Ojai Valley in the revised 1882 version of his popular book. The discovery of hot springs in Matilija Canyon and subsequent development of hot springs resorts in the late 1800s contributed to the valley's healing mystique. The public junior high and high school in Ojai
4095-496: The Pacific Coast Highway would need to be widened into a freeway to accommodate growth that they did not want. The supervisors fought the incorporation drive and prevented the residents from voting, a decision that was overturned in the courts. The city councils in the 1990s were unable to write a Local Coastal Plan (LCP) that preserved enough public access to satisfy the California Coastal Commission , as required by
4200-688: The Santa Clara River at Santa Paula. The high mountains above the Ojai Valley and further east are drained by Sespe Creek, which empties into the Santa Clara River at Fillmore. In 1991, 31.5 miles of the 55-mile-long Sespe Creek was given federal Wild & Scenic River status. The climate of Ojai is Mediterranean , characterized by hot, dry summers, at times exceeding 100 °F (37.8 °C), and mild, rainy winters, with lows at night falling below freezing at times. During dry spells with continental air, morning temperatures, due to Ojai's valley location, can drop well below most of Southern California, with
4305-543: The Soule Park Golf Course, and the Ojai Valley Inn Golf Course. The town completed a new park, Cluff Vista Park , in 2002, which contains several small themed regions of California native plants , two water features, and three public art works. The park is located on a small hill which has a view of the mountains surrounding the town. Sarzotti Park is a 10-acre (4.0 ha) city park that is home to
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4410-405: The United States records the name Ojai as being derived from an Indigenous word meaning "nest", though the specific Indigenous language is not identified. In 1837, Fernando Tico, a Santa Barbara businessman, received the 17,716-acre Rancho Ojai Mexican land grant, which included both the lower and upper Ojai valleys. Tico operated a cattle ranch on the land and moved his large family to an adobe in
4515-671: The Ventura River just north of Casitas Springs. The Ventura River flows through the Ventura River Valley and empties into the Pacific Ocean at the city of Ventura. The Ventura River was once known for its steelhead fishing before Matilija Dam and Lake Casitas were constructed, eliminating habitat for this trout species. The eastern part of the Upper Ojai Valley is drained by the Sisar and Santa Paula creeks. These creeks flow into
4620-430: The age of 18 living in them, 2,571 (48.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 403 (7.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 222 (4.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 269 (5.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 49 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 1,498 households (28.4%) were made up of individuals, and 501 (9.5%) had someone living alone who
4725-452: The area, clearing mud, rocks, and other debris from the roads. Such efforts keep most roads passable, but it is nevertheless typical for one or more of the major roads leading into and out of Malibu to be temporarily closed during the rainy season. Malibu is periodically subject to intense coastal storms. Occasionally, these unearth remnants of the Rindge railroad that was built through Malibu in
4830-521: The area. On July 8, 1999, former Apollo astronaut Pete Conrad , one of the twelve men who walked on the Moon, died of injuries suffered from a motorcycle accident in Ojai. The Ojai Music Festival (founded in 1947) is an annual festival of performances by some of the world's top musicians and composers, and occurs on the first weekend after Memorial Day . Notable appearances include Igor Stravinsky , Aaron Copland , Esa-Pekka Salonen and Pierre Boulez , who
4935-404: The average family size was 2.86. In the city, 19.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 102,031, and
5040-541: The capital stock in the Ventura and Ojai Valley Railroad in April 1898. A nine-day Pineapple Express with rainfall intensity reaching 6.2 inches (16 cm) per day caused floods destroying the rail line in January 1969. The former rail line was converted to the Ojai Valley Trail in 1989. Nordhoff became a popular wintering spot for wealthy Easterners and Midwesterners. The elite Foothills Hotel, which catered to them,
5145-538: The city and has led most residents to settle anywhere from half a mile (0.8 km) to within a few hundred yards of it, with some residents living up to one mile (1.6 km) away from the beach in areas featuring narrow canyons. As of the 2020 census , the city's population was 10,654. Nicknamed "The 'Bu" by surfers and locals, Malibu is noted for its beaches. The many parks within the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area lie along
5250-527: The city banned new hook-ups to natural gas except for restaurants and pools. Public libraries: Ventura County Library —14 county locations, with three branches in the Ojai Valley: The City of Ojai operates the Ojai Trolley bus system. Gold Coast Transit connects Ojai with Ventura . Malibu, California Malibu ( / ˈ m æ l ɪ b uː / MAL -ih-boo ; Spanish : Malibú )
5355-440: The city has an area of 19.8 square miles (51 km ), over 99% of it is land. Malibu's dry brush chaparral and steep clay slopes make it prone to fires, floods, and mudslides. Beaches on the Malibu coast include Big Rock Beach, Broad Beach, County Line Beach , Dan Blocker Beach, La Costa Beach, Las Flores Beach, Malibu Beach, Point Dume Beach , Surfrider Beach , Topanga Beach , and Zuma Beach . State parks and beaches on
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#17328524173725460-401: The city was 88.01% White , 0.60% African American , 0.50% Native American , 1.58% Asian , 0.17% Pacific Islander , 6.26% from other races , and 2.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.84% of the population. There were 3,088 households, out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 11.6% had
5565-423: The city were built between 1940 and 1980 with about a dozen mobile-home parks included in the housing stock. With rapid growth in the 1970s, a slow-growth ordinance was passed. From 2008 to 2018, there were no new multifamily developments with a single six residential unit apartment being built in 2019. Ojai is situated in a small east–west eponymous valley, north of Ventura and east of Santa Barbara . The city
5670-442: The city. The population density was 632.9 inhabitants per square mile (244.4/km ). There were 6,126 housing units at an average density of 308.3 units per square mile (119.0 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 91.91% White , 8.49% Asian , 0.90% African American , 0.21% Native American , 0.10% Pacific Islander , 1.67% from other races , and 2.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of
5775-491: The country. The "Garrett Lemire Memorial Grand Prix" began in 2004 as a tribute to a 22-year-old cyclist from Ojai who died racing his bicycle in Arizona the previous year. The race is held on a one-mile (1.6 km) circuit that circumnavigates Libbey Bowl in the heart of downtown Ojai. The Ventura County Sheriff's Office provides law enforcement services for the city. No homicides were recorded in 2015–2018. The Ojai Valley
5880-500: The early 20th century. On January 25, 2008, during an unusually large storm for Southern California, a tornado came ashore and struck a naval base's hangar, ripping off the roof. It was the first tornado to strike Malibu's shoreline in recorded history. Malibu is within 50 miles (80 km) of the San Andreas Fault , a fault over 800 miles (1,300 km) long that can produce an earthquake over magnitude 8. Several faults are in
5985-511: The end of 2018, three recreational marijuana storefronts were open in close proximity to each other. In 2020, there were two manufacturing businesses that were going through the permitting processes and the city was considering allowing on-site cannabis consumption. Ojai's culture is heavily focused on ecology , health and organic agriculture , NIMBYism , walking / hiking , spirituality , music and local art . Weekends may include exhibiting classic cars or motorcycle clubs touring
6090-518: The end of the Civil War and cheaper imports from the east, Scott and Stanford ceased oil exploration in the valley area. Thomas Bard then began selling the surface rights to parcels of Rancho Ojai in late 1867. As the president of Unocal , Bard would return in the 1890s to dig about 50 oil tunnels into Sulphur Mountain, which produced until 1998. The town was laid out in 1874 by San Buenaventura businessman R.G. Surdam and named Nordhoff in honor of
6195-418: The form of rain between the months of October and April, with intervening dry summers. As with all of Southern California, rain falls on few days, but when it does rain it is often extremely heavy: the record being 9.05 inches (229.9 mm) on February 24, 1913, followed by 8.15 inches (207.0 mm) on January 26, 1914. During the wettest month on record of January 1969, 25.76 inches (654.3 mm) fell, with
6300-542: The fringe of an extensive chaparral and woodland wilderness area, the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. Various environmental elements collectively create a recipe for natural disasters: the mountainous and geologically unstable terrain; seasonal rainstorms that result in dense vegetation growth; seasonal dry Santa Ana winds ; and a naturally dry topography and climate. The Malibu coast has seen dozens of wildfires: One of
6405-500: The highway with little or no frontage land as a buffer to the mudslide. Another large mudslide occurred on Malibu Canyon Road , between the Pepperdine University campus and HRL Laboratories LLC, closing down Malibu Canyon for two months. Yet another behemoth slide occurred on Kanan Dume Road , about one mile (1.6 km) up the canyon from the Pacific Coast Highway. This closure lasted many months, with Kanan finally fixed by
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#17328524173726510-530: The lower valley. Tico sold the entire Rancho Ojai in 1853. The rancho changed hands several more times before it was purchased in 1864 by Thomas A. Scott , a Pennsylvania oil and railroad baron. The petroleum exploration of the Ojai Basin was the result of a report of oil seeps (oil springs) along the Sulphur Mountain area. In 1866, Scott's nephew Thomas Bard used a steam-powered cable-tool drilling rig on
6615-465: The median income for a family was $ 123,293. Males had a median income of $ 100,000 versus $ 46,919 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 74,336. About 3.2% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 1.1% of those age 65 or over. German and English were the most common ancestries. Canada and the United Kingdom were
6720-408: The most common foreign places of birth. The Malibu Chamber of Commerce was formed in 1949 to provide support to local Malibu business, and has over 500 members. HRL Laboratories , the research arm of the former Hughes Aircraft Company , was established in 1960 in Malibu. Among its research accomplishments was the first working laser . Despite the aerospace industry's downsizing in the 1990s, HRL
6825-481: The most problematic side effects of the fires that periodically rage through Malibu is the destruction of vegetation, which normally provides some degree of topographical stability to the loosely packed shale and sandstone hills during periods of heavy precipitation. Rainstorms following large wildfires can thus cause mudslides, in which water-saturated earth and rock moves quickly down mountainsides, or entire slices of mountainside abruptly detach and fall downward. After
6930-580: The north side of Sulphur Mountain. On May 29, 1867, Ojai No. 6 produced an oil gusher , at a depth of 550 feet, and the Ojai Field eventually produced 10-20 barrels of oil a day. Also in 1866, Leland Stanford 's brother Josiah dug oil tunnels on the south side of Sulphur Mountain, producing 20 barrels a day for the Stanford Brothers refinery in San Francisco. For economic reasons, falling oil prices at
7035-569: The north, while Sulphur Mountain and the lower Black Mountain lie to the south. Nordhoff Ridge, the western extension of the Topatopa Mountains, towers over the north side of the valley at more than 5,000 feet (1,500 m). Sulphur Mountain creates the southern ranges bounding the Ojai Valley, a little under 3,000 feet (910 m) in elevation. The Sulphur and Topatopa mountains are part of the Transverse Ranges system. The Ojai Valley and
7140-580: The north. The first working model of a laser was demonstrated by Theodore Maiman in 1960 in Malibu at the Hughes Research Laboratory (now known as HRL Laboratories LLC). In the 1990s HRL Laboratories developed the FastScat computer code. TRW built a laboratory in Solstice Canyon without any structural steel to test magnetic detectors for satellites and medical devices. In 1991 most of
7245-534: The northern end of the Santa Monica Bay , and Point Dume Headlands Park affords a vista stretching to the Palos Verdes Peninsula and Santa Catalina Island . Like all California beaches, Malibu beaches are public below the mean high tide line. Many large public beaches are easily accessible, but such access is sometimes limited for some of the smaller and more remote beaches. The Malibu Coast lies on
7350-470: The ocean from seepage that pollutes the marine environment. The incorporation drive gained impetus in 1986, when the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved plans for a regional sewer that would have been large enough to serve 400,000 people in the western Santa Monica Mountains. Residents were incensed that they would be assessed taxes and fees to pay for the sewer project, and feared that
7455-469: The past have speculated that anti-German sentiment contributed to the name change of Nordhoff to Ojai in 1917. There is no clear evidence that this was the case for the name change in Ojai. To thank Libbey for his gifts to the town, the citizens proposed a celebration in the new Civic Center Park (later changed to Libbey Park) that they wished to call "Libbey Day," but Libbey suggested "Ojai Day" instead. The first Ojai Day took place April 7, 1917. Ojai Day
7560-639: The population) lived in households, 48 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 132 (1.8%) were institutionalized. There were 3,111 households, out of which 876 (28.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,396 (44.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 366 (11.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 128 (4.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 151 (4.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 25 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 992 households (31.9%) were made up of individuals, and 496 (15.9%) had someone living alone who
7665-412: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,038 people (40.7%) lived in rental housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,862 people, 3,088 households, and 1,985 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,773.0 inhabitants per square mile (684.6/km ). There were 3,229 housing units at an average density of 728.2 per square mile (281.2/km ). The racial makeup of
7770-407: The population. There were 5,137 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and
7875-578: The property. In 1944, he sold the lower half of his holdings there to Art Jones, one of Malibu's prominent early realtors, starting with the initial leases of Rindge land in Malibu Colony. He also owned or partly owned the Malibu Inn, Malibu Trading Post, and the Big Rock Beach Cafe (now Moonshadows restaurant). Philiip McAnany owned 80 acres (32 ha) in the upper Big Rock area, which he purchased in 1919, and had two cabins there, one of which burned in
7980-570: The ranch's property eastern boundary, and ran 15 miles westward, past Pt. Dume. Few roads even entered the area before 1929, when the state won another court case and built what is now known as the Pacific Coast Highway . By then May Rindge was forced to divide her property and begin selling and leasing lots. The Rindge house, known as the Adamson House (a National Register of Historic Places site and California Historical Landmark ),
8085-430: The record being 13 °F (−10.6 °C) on January 6–7, 1913. In contrast, Ojai is far enough from the sea to minimize marine cooling, and very hot days can occur during summer, with the record being 119 °F (48.3 °C) on June 16, 1917 – when it fell as low as 65 °F (18.3 °C) in the morning due to clear skies and dry air. As is typical for much of coastal Southern California, most precipitation falls in
8190-470: The region, making the area prone to earthquakes. The 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1971 Sylmar earthquake (magnitudes 6.7 and 6.6, respectively) shook the area. Smaller earthquakes happen more often. This region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Malibu has
8295-470: The ridges above the city. The city is bounded by the Santa Monica Mountains to the north, Topanga to the east, Solromar to the west, and the ocean to the south. Signs around the city boast of its "21 miles of scenic beauty" in reference to the incorporated city limits. In 2017, the signs were updated from the historical 27-mile (43 km) length of the Malibu coast spanning from Tuna Canyon on
8400-467: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Nordhoff . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordhoff&oldid=1245079371 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
8505-655: The sole proprietorship of Serra’s mission system.” Whether due to Spanish rule or as part of the California Genocide under the land's eventual control by the United States , by 1900, the Chumash population had declined to just 200, while current estimates of Chumash people today range from 2,000 to 5,000. The name Ojai is derived from the Ventureño Chumash word ʼawha'y meaning "moon." A 1905 book on place names in
8610-524: The southeast to Point Mugu in Ventura County on the northwest. The Malibu ZIP code includes residents of the unincorporated canyon areas as it was assigned before the city incorporated. The city also has the closest commercial centers. The area is within the Ventureño Chumash territory, which extended from the San Joaquin Valley to San Luis Obispo to Malibu, as well as several islands off
8715-478: The southern coast of California. The Chumash called the settlement Humaliwo or "the surf sounds loudly". The city's name derives from this, as the "Hu" syllable is not stressed. Humaliwo was an important regional center in prehistoric times. The village, which is identified as CA-LAN-264, was occupied from approximately 2500 BCE. It was the second-largest Chumash coastal settlement by the Santa Monica Mountains , after Muwu ( Point Mugu ). This pre-colonial village
8820-626: The surfing community. Heal the Bay , a nonprofit organization for environmental advocacy, was formed in 1985 to protect Santa Monica Bay , which extends from Malibu's Point Dume along the entire coastline of Malibu past Santa Monica to the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Following the opening of Passages Malibu in 2001, the city has become home to numerous residential drug-abuse treatment centers. As of 2013, there are 35 state-licensed drug and alcohol rehabilitation facilities in Malibu, in addition to
8925-567: The surrounding mountains are heavily wooded with oak trees. The mountains to the west of the Ojai Valley are drained by the Coyote, Matilija and Santa Ana creeks. These empty into the Ventura River. The Matilija Dam, Casitas Dam and Lake Casitas Reservoir alter the historic drainage of these creeks and the river. The creeks that drain the mountains directly north of Ojai empty into San Antonio Creek, as does Lion Canyon Creek that lies between Black Mountain and Sulphur Mountain. San Antonio Creek drains into
9030-411: The surrounding unincorporated area where the county has placed similar restrictions on STVR. It has small businesses specializing in local and ecologically friendly art, design, and home improvement. Chain stores are prohibited by city ordinance to encourage local small business development and keep the town unique. Under the legalization of the sale and distribution of cannabis in California, Ojai
9135-485: The tournament was not held: 1924 because of a hoof-and-mouth epidemic and from 1943 to 1946 during and just after World War II. Ventura County parks in the area include Foster Park near Casitas Springs, Camp Comfort on Creek Road, Soule Park and Soule Park Golf Course, and Dennison Park on the Dennison Grade. Annually, in early April, the town hosts a bicycle race that draws professional and amateur teams from around
9240-528: The town on the north, and many back country areas within the forest are accessible from Highway 33 , the major north–south highway through town. Matilija Creek is a spot to enjoy splashing under waterfalls and backpacking. To the west, the Lake Casitas Recreation Area offers camping, picnicking, hiking, boating, fishing, and has a water park. The valley has several public tennis courts in downtown Libbey Park. There are also two major golf courses:
9345-497: The town's character. The name Ojai is derived from the Mexican-era Rancho Ojai , which in turn took its name from the Ventureño Chumash word ' Awha'y , meaning "Moon". The city's self-styled nickname is " Shangri-La " referencing the natural environment of this health and spirituality-focused region as well as the mystical sanctuary of the 1937 film adaptation of James Hilton 's novel Lost Horizon . Ojai sits on
9450-572: The traditional territory of the Chumash , a Native American people who inhabited the central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what are Morro Bay in the north to Malibu in the south and the Channel Islands . Before the arrival of European settlers, at least 10,000 Chumash people lived in over 150 independent villages, speaking variations of the same language. Starting in 1769, Spanish soldiers and missionaries arrived to colonize
9555-518: The valley from the views expressed in Knebel's paper. The Press Sentinel was published for two years. When Fred Volz purchased The Ojai Valley News and Oaks Gazette in 1962, changing the name to Ojai Valley News, the Press Sentinel ceased publication. A collaborative blog covering local news, The Ojai Post , also once existed. In 2013, a plan to take over the private water system was approved by voters. Up to $ 60 million in bonds would be issued and
9660-436: The writer Charles Nordhoff who had written a book about California titled, California for Health, Pleasure and Residence: A Book for Travelers and Settlers . Most early settlers to the valley had one or more family members who were ill, particularly with respiratory illnesses, and the Ojai Valley developed a reputation for having healthy air quality. Many did get well after moving to the valley. Charles Nordhoff had not visited
9765-519: The years 2000-2010. The 2010 United States Census reported that Ojai had a population of 7,461. The population density was 1,695.3 inhabitants per square mile (654.6/km ). The racial makeup of Ojai was 6,555 (87.9%) White , 42 (0.6%) African American , 47 (0.6%) Native American , 158 (2.1%) Asian , 1 (0.0%) Pacific Islander , 440 (5.9%) from other races , and 218 (2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,339 persons (17.9%). The Census reported that 7,281 people (97.6% of
9870-572: Was 11,565 (91.5%) White (87.4% Non-Hispanic White), 148 (1.2%) African American , 20 (0.2%) Native American , 328 (2.6%) Asian , 15 (0.1%) Pacific Islander , 182 (1.4%) from other races , and 387 (3.1%) from two or more races. There were 769 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (6.1%). The Census reported that 12,504 people (98.9% of the population) lived in households, 126 (1.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 15 (0.1%) were institutionalized. There were 5,267 households, out of which 1,379 (26.2%) had children under
9975-448: Was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 11.9%. 9,141 people (72.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,363 people (26.6%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Malibu had a median household income of $ 133,869, with 10.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line. As of the census of 2000, there were 12,575 people, 5,137 households, and 3,164 families residing in
10080-406: Was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males. The median income for households in the city was $ 44,593, and the median income for a family was $ 52,917. Males had a median income of $ 40,919 versus $ 30,821 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 25,670. About 7.9% of families and 10.7% of the population were below
10185-400: Was 47.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.9 males. There were 3,382 housing units at an average density of 768.5 per square mile (296.7/km ), of which 1,717 (55.2%) were owner-occupied, and 1,394 (44.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.4%. 4,243 people (56.9% of
10290-430: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34. There were 1,890 families (60.8% of all households); the average family size was 2.95. The population distribution was spread out, with 1,520 people (20.4%) under the age of 18, 515 people (6.9%) aged 18 to 24, 1,446 people (19.4%) aged 25 to 44, 2,547 people (34.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,433 people (19.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
10395-742: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37. There were 3,196 families (60.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.87. There were 2,366 people (18.7%) under the age of 18, 1,060 people (8.4%) aged 18 to 24, 2,291 people (18.1%) aged 25 to 44, 4,606 people (36.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,322 people (18.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males. There were 6,864 housing units at an average density of 346.2 units per square mile (133.7 units/km ), of which 3,716 (70.6%) were owner-occupied, and 1,551 (29.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate
10500-547: Was built in the style of French architecture of Normandy in the 1960s and 1970s by members of the Theosophy movement adjacent to the Krotona Institute of Theosophy . Taormina's founder, theosophist Ruth Wilson, envisioned the development as a retirement community for fellow theosophists but in the early 1980s a court ruling required the community to be open to residents of all faiths and backgrounds. The majority of homes in
10605-408: Was built on a mountain overlooking the town in 1903. Visitors enjoyed dining, music concerts, horseback riding, and hunting and fishing trips into the back country. Some of these businessmen built homes in the valley and contributed to the community's development. Among these winter visitors were Edward Drummond Libbey and his wife Florence. Their first winter in Ojai was in 1907. Libbey was the owner of
10710-551: Was celebrated each year until 1928. Local schoolteacher Craig Walker revived Ojai Day in 1991 and it has been celebrated since. The Ojai Day celebration takes place in October. In 1917 two fires struck the community. The first started in Matilija Canyon on June 16 and burned 60 buildings in its path, including many homes and the Foothills Hotel. The newly Spanish-style structures in the downtown were not affected. On November 28, 1917,
10815-530: Was festival director in 2003. The outdoor bookshop Bart's Books , subject of news programs and documentaries, has been in Ojai since 1964. Ojai is home to the annual Ojai Playwrights Conference , a two-week playwrights festival that brings professional writers and actors from across the country to Ojai. The community is served by the Ojai Valley News , a weekly newspaper, the Ojai Valley Guide (formerly
10920-633: Was next to Malibu Lagoon and is now part of the State Park. Humaliwo was considered an important political center, but there were additional minor settlements in the area. One village, Ta'lopop, was a few miles up Malibu Canyon from Malibu Lagoon. Research shows that Humaliwo had ties to other pre-colonial villages, including Hipuk (in Westlake Village ), Lalimanux (by Conejo Grade ) and Huwam (in Bell Canyon ). Conquistador Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
11025-439: Was observed on September 27, 2010, while the record low temperature of 26 °F (–3 °C) was observed on January 14, 2007. The 2020 United States census reported that Malibu had a population of 10,654, a 15.7% decrease from the 2010 census. The 2010 United States census reported that Malibu had a population of 12,645. The population density was 637.7 inhabitants per square mile (246.2/km ). The racial makeup of Malibu
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