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57-503: Morcote is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Ticino situated about 10 kilometres from Lugano in the district of Lugano on the shore of Lake Lugano . Morcote is first mentioned historically in 926 as Murcau , which comes from the Latin Morae caput , meaning head of the hill . In 1353 it was mentioned as Murchoe and again in 1453 as Murchote . Starting around 1100, Morcote

114-471: A certain time in Switzerland are also allowed to participate in municipal politics. As at the cantonal and federal level, citizens enjoy political rights, including direct democratic ones, in their municipality. Municipalities are financed through direct taxes (such as income tax ), with rates varying more or less within a framework set by the canton (see Taxation in Switzerland ). As among the cantons, there

171-455: A civil partnership, 50 widows or widowers and 65 divorced residents. In 2016 there were 403 private households in Morcote with an average household size of 1.84 persons. In 2015 about 66.6% of all buildings in the municipality were single family homes, which is about the same as the percentage in the canton (68.1%) and greater than the percentage nationally (57.4%). Of the 394 inhabited buildings in

228-531: A few dozen people ( Kammersrohr , Bister ), and their territory between 0.32 km² ( Rivaz ) and 439 km² ( Scuol ). The beginnings of the modern municipality system date back to the Helvetic Republic . Under the Old Swiss Confederacy , citizenship was granted by each town and village to only residents. These citizens enjoyed access to community property and in some cases additional protection under

285-512: A full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 11 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 5 who attend part-time. The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 3 students in the professional program. As of 2000, there were 14 students in Morcote who came from another municipality, while 52 residents attended schools outside

342-423: A major industry in Morcote. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, wine production and handicrafts have been added to tourism. Morcote has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 2.79 km (1.08 sq mi). Of this area, about 2.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 81.5% is forested and 16.0% is settled (buildings or roads). In the 2004/09 survey a total of 37 ha (91 acres) or about 13.3% of

399-660: A native of Parma who knew Correggio's dome, painted the enormous dome of the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle with an Assumption of the Virgin that overwhelmed contemporary spectators with its exuberant illusionistic effects and became one of the first High Baroque masterpieces. Lanfranco's work in Rome (1613–1630) and in Naples (1634–1646) was fundamental to the development of illusionism in Italy. Pietro Berrettini, called Pietro da Cortona , developed

456-534: A population (as of December 2020) of 734. As of 2016, 42.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. In 2015 a large minority (159 or 20.7% of the population) was born in Italy. Over the last 6 years (2010-2016) the population has changed at a rate of 4.57%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2016, was 14.4, while the death rate was 9.2 per thousand residents. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks Italian (70.2%), with German being second most common (18.8%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (3.8%). Of

513-432: A standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 17 students attended the standard primary schools and 2 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There were 16 students in the two-year middle school, while 9 students were in

570-503: A term which was introduced in the seventeenth century and is also normally used in English, became popular with Baroque artists. Although it can also refer to the "opening up" of walls through architectural illusion, the term is most commonly associated with Italian ceiling painting. Unlike other trompe-l'œil techniques or precedent di sotto in sù ceiling decorations, which often rely on intuitive artistic approaches to deception, quadratura

627-442: A total of 3,008 overnight stays, of which 32.8% were international visitors. In 2015 the average cantonal, municipal and church tax rate in the municipality for a couple with two children making SFr  80,000 was 2.2% while the rate for a single person making SFr 150,000 was 14.9%. The canton has one of the lowest average tax rates for those making SFr 80,000 and an average rate for those making SFr 150,000. In 2013

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684-683: A total of 446 registered voters in Morcote, of which 297 or 66.6% voted. 5 blank ballots and 1 null ballot were cast, leaving 291 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 148 or 50.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the SSI (with 45 or 15.5%), the PS (with 44 or 15.1%) and the PPD +GenGiova (with 14 or 4.8%). In the 2007 Consiglio di Stato election, 5 blank ballots and 1 null ballot were cast, leaving 291 valid ballots in

741-696: A way that it seems to continue the existing architecture. The perspective of this illusion is centered towards one focal point. The steep foreshortening of the figures, and the painted walls and pillars were and are used to create an illusion of deep recession; a heavenly sphere or even an open sky. Paintings on ceilings could, for example, simulate statues in niches or openings revealing the sky. Quadratura may also employ other illusionistic painting techniques , such as anamorphosis . Examples of illusionistic painting include: Other examples were by Paolo Veronese at Villa Rotonda in Vicenza and Baldassare Peruzzi in

798-449: Is a tax transfer among the municipalities to balance various levels of tax income. Switzerland has a relatively high number of small municipalities, with a population of 1,000 or less, especially in rural areas. Because of the increasing difficulty in providing professional government services and in finding volunteers for political offices in small municipalities, the cantons tend to encourage voluntary mergers of municipalities. This led to

855-400: Is directly tied to seventeenth-century theories of perspective and the representation of architectural space. Due to its reliance on perspective theory, it more fully unites architecture, painting and sculpture and gives a more overwhelming impression of illusionism than earlier examples. The artist would paint a feigned architecture in perspective on a flat or barrel-vaulted ceiling in such

912-612: Is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . The church of Santa Maria del Sasso was probably built in the 13th century. It was completely rebuilt in 1462 in the style of the Renaissance . In 1758 it was renovated in the Baroque style, while in the 18th century a monumental staircase was added to the front of the church. The church tower was built in the Middle Ages and made taller during

969-684: The Bürgergemeinde /bourgeoisie. During the Mediation era (1803–1814), and especially during the Restoration era (1814–1830), many of the gains toward uniform citizenship were lost. Many political municipalities were abolished and limits were placed on the exercise of political rights for everyone except the members of the Bürgergemeinde . In the Regeneration era (1830–1848), the liberal revolutions of

1026-495: The Bürgergemeinde in the population was reduced as a result of increasing emigration to the cities. This led to the Bürgergemeinde losing its former importance to a large extent. However, the Bürgergemeinde has remained, and it includes all individuals who are citizens of the Bürgergemeinde , usually by having inherited the Bürgerrecht (citizenship), regardless of where they were born or where they may currently live. Instead of

1083-591: The San Giovanni Evangelista and in the Assumption of the Virgin in the dome of the Parma Cathedral , which is Correggio's most famous work (1520–24); in these frescos Correggio treats the entire surface as the vast and frameless vault of heaven in which the figures float. In a visual continuity between the architectural interior and its painted surfaces, Corregio's clouds and figures appear to inhabit

1140-496: The Villa Farnesina of Rome. Italian Renaissance artists applied their confidence in handling perspective to projects for ceilings and overcame the problems of applying linear perspective to the concave surfaces of domes in order to dissolve the architecture and create illusions of limitless space. Painted and patterned ceilings were a Gothic tradition in Italy as elsewhere, but the first ceiling painted to feign open space

1197-632: The place of birth , Swiss legal documents, e.g. passports, contain the Bürgerort (place of citizenship, or place of origin ). The Bürgergemeinde also often holds and administers the common property in the village for the members of the community. Each canton determines the powers and responsibilities of its municipalities. These may include providing local government services such as education, medical and social services, public transportation, and tax collection. The degree of centralization varies from one canton to another. The federal constitution protects

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1254-573: The plague year of 1432, only seven families survived in the town. The town was often caught between the rival powers of Milan and Como as they fought for control in Lombardy . In 1517 the region came under the control of the Old Swiss Confederation , and was added to the Vogtei of Lugano . However Morcote retained extensive rights, including judicial and tax autonomy as well as fishing rights over

1311-425: The primary economic sector in the municipality. The secondary sector employed 41 workers in seven separate businesses, of which one employed 30 of the workers. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 198 jobs in 69 businesses, of which one employed 73 workers. In 2016 a total of 10.4% of the population received social assistance. In 2011 the unemployment rate in the municipality was 3.8%. In 2015 local hotels had

1368-455: The 16th century. The church contains several valuable frescos from the 16th and 17th centuries including one painting that is dated to 1513. The sacramental chapel contains carvings from 1591 and paintings from 1611. In the chapel on the opposite side contains an example of illusionistic architecture painting from the 18th century. Near the church is the Chapel Sant'Antonio da Padova which

1425-572: The Swiss national languages (as of 2000), 142 speak German, 14 people speak French, 529 people speak Italian, and 2 people speak Romansh . The remainder (67 people) speak another language. As of 2008, the gender distribution of the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 229 Swiss men (30.7% of the population), and 125 (16.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 270 Swiss women (36.2%), and 122 (16.4%) non-Swiss women. As of 2016, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 12.6% of

1482-474: The administration and profit from the property were totally held by the Bürgergemeinden , leaving the political municipality dependent on the Bürgergemeinde for money and use of the property. It was not until the political municipality acquired rights over property that served the public (such as schools, fire stations, etc.) and taxes, that they obtained full independence. For example, in the city of Bern, it

1539-403: The autonomy of municipalities within the framework set out by cantonal law. Municipalities are generally governed by an executive council headed by a president or mayor . Legislative authority is exercised by a town meeting of all citizens, or by a municipal parliament, depending on the size of the municipality, and on cantonal and municipal law. In some cantons, foreigners who have lived for

1596-422: The average income in the municipality per tax payer was SFr 87,232 and the per person average was SFr 63,419, which is greater than the cantonal averages of SFr 76,339 and SFr 33,527 respectively It is also greater than the national per tax payer average of SFr 82,682 and the per person average of SFr 35,825. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering

1653-501: The common people helped to restore some rights again in a few cantons. In other cantons, the Bürgergemeinden were able to maintain power as political communities. In the city of Zürich it was not until the Municipal Act of 1866 that the political municipality came back into existence. The relationship between the political municipality and the Bürgergemeinde was often dominated by the latter's ownership of community property. Often

1710-588: The election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 139 or 47.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 56 or 19.2%), the SSI (with 38 or 13.1%) and the LEGA (with 35 or 12.0%). Morcote is classed as a high-income community. The municipality is part of the agglomeration of Lugano. As of  2014, there were a total of 239 people employed in the municipality. There were no jobs or businesses in

1767-483: The entire lake. During the Late Middle Ages the major industries of Morcote included fishing, farming and shipping. During the end of the Middle Ages, artists began to move into the town as well. In 1583 the town had a self-supporting parish established in the parish church Santa Maria del Sasso, which dated from the 13th century. In 1862, seven houses slid into the lake. During the 19th century tourism grew into

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1824-589: The following chart: In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the FDP with 49.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Ticino League (14.2%), the SVP (13.2%) and the SP (10.8%). In the federal election, a total of 245 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 59.3%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011., while

1881-456: The former home of wealthy St. Gallen textile merchant , was opened to the public. The gardens are rich with luxurious subtropical vegetation and many kinds of buildings and art, both original and copies from all over the world. The gardens include palm trees, camellias, wisteria and oleanders, cedar and cypress trees, camphor and eucalyptus, magnolias and azaleas, orange and lemon trees, bamboo and many other kinds of fragrant plants. Morcote has

1938-456: The four-year advanced program. The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as

1995-667: The illusionistic ceiling fresco to an extraordinary degree in works such as the ceiling (1633–1639) of the gran salone of Palazzo Barberini . From 1676 to 1679 Giovanni Battista Gaulli , called Baciccio, painted an Adoration of the Name of Jesus on the ceiling of the Church of the Gesù , the Jesuit headquarters in Rome. From 1691 to 1694 Andrea Pozzo painted the Entrance of Saint Ignatius into Paradise on

2052-426: The latter artist's influence and is called prospettiva melozziana ("Melozzo's perspective"). Another notable use is by Antonio da Correggio in the Parma Cathedral , which foreshadows Baroque architectural grandeur. The technique often uses foreshortened figures and an architectural vanishing point to create the perception of true space on a painted, most often frescoed, ceiling above the viewer. Quadratura ,

2109-460: The law. Additionally, the urban towns and the rural villages had differing rights and laws. The creation of a uniform Swiss citizenship, which applied equally for citizens of the old towns and their tenants and servants, led to conflict. The wealthier villagers and urban citizens held rights to forests, common land and other municipal property which they did not want to share with the "new citizens", who were generally poor. The compromise solution, which

2166-510: The municipal coat of arms is Per fess gules a shepherdess sitting on a garb all argent and vert a sow and her piglets also argent. The Chapel of S. Antonio Abate with its monumental staircase, the Parish Church of S. Maria del Sasso with Oratory , the Cimitero monumentale (Cemetery) and Scherrer Park are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire village of Morcote

2223-462: The municipalities under cantonal or federal law. Municipalities are numbered by the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics (see Community Identification Number#Switzerland ). One or more postal codes (PLZ/NPA) can by assigned to a municipality or shared with other municipalities. Between 2011 and 2021 nine of the smallest municipalities merged into others as part of the effort to eliminate

2280-519: The municipality for every one leaving. About 24.5% of the workforce coming into Morcote are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.9% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 6.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.5% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 555 or 73.6% were Roman Catholic, while 87 or 11.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . There are 92 individuals (or about 12.20% of

2337-400: The municipality, in 2000, about 71.6% were single family homes and 21.8% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 4.1% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 1.8% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2015 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 10.4. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2017, was 1.54%. The historical population is given in

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2394-701: The municipality. Municipalities of Switzerland Municipalities ( German : Gemeinden , Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden ; French : communes ; Italian : comuni ; Romansh : vischnancas ) are the lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons , which form the Swiss Confederation . In most cantons, municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. There are 2,131 municipalities as of January 2024 . Their populations range between several hundred thousand ( Zürich ), and

2451-436: The number of municipalities dropping by 384 between the end of 2010 and the beginning of 2019. Some municipalities designate themselves as "city" ( ville or Stadt ) or as "village" ( Dorf ). These designations result from tradition or local preference – for example, several small municipalities designated as cities held city rights in medieval times – and normally do not impact the legal or political rights or obligations of

2508-605: The percentage that the SP dropped from 18.1% to 10.8%. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 49.18% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (18.65%), the SVP (12.94%) and the Ticino League (7.36%). In the federal election, a total of 205 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.0%. In the 2007 Gran Consiglio election, there were

2565-628: The population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 20 individuals (or about 2.65% of the population) did not answer the question. In Morcote about 74% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). In Morcote there were a total of 69 students (as of 2009). The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Morcote there were 6 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both

2622-494: The population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 60.7% of the population and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 26.7%. The population of Morcote is older than average and has fewer children and teenagers. In 2015 there were 205 residents who were over 65 years old (26.7% vs 18% nationally). There were only 54 children under 10 and 43 teenagers under 20 (only 12.6% of the population under 20 vs 20.1% nationally). In 2015 there were 281 single residents, 373 people who were married or in

2679-543: The same architectural space in which the spectator stands. In Baroque Rome , the long-standing tradition of frescoed ceilings received a push from the grand projects in Palazzo Farnese under the guidance of Annibale Carracci and his team, but the figural subjects were still enclosed within multiple framed compartments ( quadri riportati ), and the perspective of subjects seen from below was not consistently taken into consideration. From 1625 to 1627 Giovanni Lanfranco ,

2736-450: The same time period the amount of forested land has increased by 1 ha (2.5 acres). Despite being on the lake, the borders of the municipality do not include any rivers or lakes. The municipality is located in the Lugano district, between Lake Lugano and Monte Arbostora. It consists of the village of Morcote, the village of Vico until 1803 and between 1803–16, Carabietta. The blazon of

2793-458: The sky, with courtiers , a peacock , and putti leaning over a balustrade , seen in strongly foreshortened perspective from below; di sotto in sù . This was the prototype of illusionistic ceiling painting that was to become an important element of Italian Baroque art . Correggio at Parma took the illusionistic ceiling a step farther in his frescoes of Christ and the Apostles for the cupola at

2850-846: The smallest communities. Only Bister has not merged into a new municipality although the smallest municipality is now Kammersrohr with a population of just 32. In addition to the municipalities as basic territorial political subdivisions, a number of other local subdivisions exist in several cantons. These include: Illusionistic ceiling painting Di sotto in sù (or sotto in su ), which means "seen from below" or "from below, upward" in Italian, developed in late quattrocento Italian Renaissance painting , notably in Andrea Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi in Mantua and in frescoes by Melozzo da Forlì . Italian terminology for this technique reflects

2907-439: The total area was covered only with buildings, an increase of 5 ha (12 acres) over the 1983 amount. About 0.72% of the total area is recreational space. Of the agricultural land, 2 ha (4.9 acres) is used for orchards and vineyards, 5 ha (12 acres) is fields and grasslands and 3 ha (7.4 acres) consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1983 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 5 ha (12 acres). Over

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2964-413: Was built in 1676 with an unusual octagonal floor plan and dome. In 1750, a large cemetery was added near the church. In the terraced cemetery overlooking the lake, many artists are buried, among them Alexander Moissi , actor, Georges Baklanoff , Russian baritone, Georg Kaiser , German author, and Eugen d’Albert , German composer and pianist. The chapel of Sant'Antonio Abate , consecrated before 1591,

3021-585: Was created by Andrea Mantegna , a master of perspective who went to Mantua as court painter to the Gonzaga . His masterpiece was a series of frescoes that culminated in 1474 in the Camera degli Sposi of the Ducal Palace . In these works, he carried the art of illusionistic perspective to new limits. He frescoed the walls with illusionistic scenes of court life, while the ceiling appeared as if it were an oculus open to

3078-521: Was home to a castle that was built to guard and control commerce on the lake. Until the dam was built in Melide in 1847, Morcote was the largest port on Lake Lugano. Goods from northern Italy were shipped across the lake to the rest of Ticino. In 1422 the town was granted privileges by the Duke of Milan , which included the rights to impose taxes, self-government, independent fishing and the right to hold markets. After

3135-480: Was not until after the property division of 1852 that the political municipality had the right to levy taxes. It was not until the Federal Constitution of 1874 that all Swiss citizens were granted equal political rights on local and Federal levels. This revised constitution finally removed all the political voting and electoral body rights from the Bürgergemeinde . In the cities, the percentage of members in

3192-623: Was originally a hospice run by the Antonines order of Vienna . The interior houses several frescoes from a 15th-century master artist from Seregno , as well as other newer paintings. The arcades along the lake shore date partly from the Late Middle Ages and include several noble houses from the 16th to 18th centuries. One of the most interesting is the Palazzo Paleari , which was built in 1483 and renovated in 1661. In 1965, Scherrer Gardens,

3249-481: Was written into the municipal laws of the Helvetic Republic, is still valid today. Two politically separate but often geographically similar organizations were created. The first, the so-called municipality, was a political community formed by election and its voting body consists of all resident citizens. However, the community land and property remained with the former local citizens who were gathered together into

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