121-560: Māngere ( Māori pronunciation: [ˈmaːŋɛɾɛ] ) is a major suburb in South Auckland , New Zealand , located on mainly flat land on the northeastern shore of the Manukau Harbour , to the northwest of Manukau City Centre and 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) south of the Auckland city centre . It is the location of Auckland Airport , which lies close to the harbour's edge to the south of
242-481: A Hundred Lovers"), one tradition links the name to Kiwi Tāmaki. Waiohua's relationship with Te Taoū and Ngāti Whātua tribes was complex. The Kaipara River area was an unstable borderland between Ngāti Whātua, Te Kawerau ā Maki and Waiohua, which over time intensified, as Ngāti Whātua pushed further south and grew in numbers. Unacceptable killings began a cycle of revenge raids between the parties. Many high-ranking members of Ngāti Whātua were also close relatives of
363-597: A battle in the lower Waitākere Ranges. Kiwi Tāmaki's death signalled the end of the Waiohua mandate in Tāmaki Makaurau, and the beginning of a permanent Ngāti Whātua presence on the isthmus. Kiwi Tāmaki's direct descendants through his son Rangimatoru became the chiefs of the Te Ākitai Waiohua iwi based in South Auckland and around the Manukau Harbour , while relatives of Kiwi Tāmaki were married to members of Te Taoū who stayed in
484-541: A cooler climate. A number of early Tāmaki Māori iwi and hapū are associated with South Auckland. Ngā Oho was used as a unifying name for Tāmaki Māori who descended from the Tainui and Te Arawa migratory waka. Descendants of Tāhuhunui-o-te-rangi, captain of the Moekākara waka, settled around Ōtāhuhu and adopted the name Ngāi Tāhuhu , while descendants of Tāiki, a Tainui ancestor of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki , named
605-496: A disbursed circuit around the Manukau Harbour. During this time, the tribal identities of Te Ākitai Waiohua , Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua developed. Ngāti Whātua people who remained in the area and interwed with Waiohua developed into the modern iwi Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei . By the 19th century, most Tāmaki Māori peoples moved away from fortified pā and favoured kāinga closer to resources and transport routes. In
726-628: A disease-resistant variety of kūmara that became the modern Owairaka Red variety. The development of the Auckland Southern Motorway in the mid-1950s led to an explosion in the population of Papatoetoe and Manurewa. In 1958, the first modern supermarket in New Zealand was opened in Papatoetoe, by Tom Ah Chee , Norm Kent and John Brown, and in 1967 the third American-style mall in Auckland
847-461: A land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero and Turia of Ngāti Te Rau , covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura . The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what the chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in South Auckland, unchanged by this sale. Fairburn was criticised for
968-606: A more direct route between Onehunga , Māngere, Papatoetoe and Manukau but services are at 30 min frequencies. Māngere College is a secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of 759 students. Sir Douglas Bader Intermediate School is an intermediate school (years 7–8) with a roll of 274 students. Mangere Central School and Viscount School are full primary schools (years 1–8) with rolls of 487 and 549 students, respectively. Jean Batten School and Nga Iwi School are contributing primary schools (years 1–6) with rolls of 313 and 342 students, respectively. Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Māngere
1089-478: A new commercial and administrative centre, leading to the development of Manukau in a previously rural area between Manurewa and Papatoetoe. After the construction of Manukau, South Auckland from Ōtāhuhu to Papakura became a continuous part of the urban sprawl of Auckland. In the mid-1970s, construction on State Highway 20 (commonly known as the Southwestern Motorway) began in South Auckland, including
1210-463: A new motorway bridge to be built alongside the existing Māngere Bridge. Construction was halted by May 1978, when workers organised a labour strike over insufficient redundancy payments. The partially constructed bridge was picketed for a period of two and a half years, becoming the longest continuous labour strike in the history of New Zealand. The Auckland Botanic Gardens opened in Manurewa in 1982,
1331-717: A population density of 2,558 people per km. Māngere had a population of 21,363 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 2,067 people (10.7%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 2,613 people (13.9%) since the 2006 census . There were 4,317 households, comprising 10,407 males and 10,950 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female, with 5,997 people (28.1%) aged under 15 years, 5,703 (26.7%) aged 15 to 29, 8,010 (37.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,650 (7.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 11.6% European/ Pākehā , 16.1% Māori , 68.1% Pacific peoples , 17.5% Asian , and 1.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
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#17328549239681452-672: A population of 316,878 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 42,378 people (15.4%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 57,651 people (22.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 78,903 households, comprising 158,331 males and 158,547 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female, with 79,629 people (25.1%) aged under 15 years, 80,154 (25.3%) aged 15 to 29, 129,459 (40.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 27,636 (8.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 26.9% European/ Pākehā , 21.0% Māori , 41.1% Pacific peoples , 26.1% Asian , and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1573-637: A rural community until the mid-20th Century, when Māngere became one of the largest state housing developments in Auckland. The name Māngere is a shortened form of the Māori language name Ngā Hau Māngere, a name given to the area by Taikehu, one of the rangatira of the Tainui canoe, referring to the gentle breezes in the area. The spelling of the area was inconsistent in English in the 19th century, with Māngere variously spelt Mangere, Mangerei or Mangare. The spelling Mangere became more consistently used after 1897, when
1694-408: A wheat-producing area, and by the 1880s became known for dairy farming. In October 1887, Ambury and English Ltd opened a dairy factory in the area, supplying milk from the dairy farms (which includes modern day Ambury Regional Park , and farms along Wallace Road and Creamery Road) to their stores on Karangahape Road and Ponsonby Road . The creamery closed in 1937, and in 1943 operations were sold to
1815-514: Is a Māori-language area school (years 1–13) with a roll of 316 students. Al-Madinah School is an area school (years 1–13) and Zayed College for Girls is a secondary school (years 7–13) with rolls of 586 and 209 students, respectively. They are state-integrated Islamic schools on adjacent sites. All these schools except for Zayed College are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024. South Auckland South Auckland ( Māori : Te Tonga o Tāmaki Makaurau or Māori : Tāmaki ki te Tonga )
1936-747: Is an Auckland Council owned and operated performing arts venue and gallery space. The Mangere East Hawks rugby league club is based in Māngere at the Walter Massey Park. The Manukau Rovers RFC rugby union club is also based in Māngere and competes in the Auckland Premier Competition. The Mangere United football club is also based in Māngere and competes in the Auckland Football and NZ Football National League Competitions. Māngere has three marae : The original Māngere Bridge
2057-499: Is one of the major geographical regions of Auckland , the largest city in New Zealand . The area is south of the Auckland isthmus , and on the eastern shores of the Manukau Harbour . The area has been populated by Tāmaki Māori since at least the 14th century, and has important archaeological sites, such as the Ōtuataua stonefield gardens at Ihumātao , and Māngere Mountain , a former pā site important to Waiohua tribes. The area
2178-464: The Auckland volcanic field are found in South Auckland, such as Māngere Mountain , Matukutūreia and the Pukaki Lagoon . Many of the mountains of South Auckland have been quarried, such as Matukutūruru , Maungataketake and Ōtara Hill (either entirely or partially). Some of the northern-most features of the older South Auckland volcanic field can be found in the area, such as Pukekiwiriki and
2299-630: The Hūnua Falls . Both the Manukau Harbour and the Tāmaki River are drowned river valley systems. The Manukau Harbour formed between 3 and 5 million years ago when tectonic forces between the Pacific Plate and Australian Plate uplifted the Waitākere Ranges and subsided the Manukau Harbour. It began as an open bay, eventually forming as a sheltered harbour as the Āwhitu Peninsula developed at
2420-496: The Manukau Harbour , and the volcanic scoria of Maungataketake and Puketutu Island was quarried for construction material. South Auckland's demographics rapidly changed from the 1950s to the 1970s. Between the 1940s and 1960s, Māori living in rural areas were encouraged to move to cities by the Māori Affairs Department , in order to create a larger industrial labour force. Urban Māori populations first settled in
2541-490: The Māngere-Ōtāhuhu , Manurewa , Ōtara-Papatoetoe , Papakura local board areas. The term South Auckland was first used in the 1880s, to refer to areas of the southern Auckland Province , such as Cambridge , Ngāruawāhia , Te Awamutu , or Hamilton . The first references to modern South Auckland come from 1962, in discussions for the creation of Manukau City . The term began developing negative connotations in
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#17328549239682662-705: The Native Compensation Court returned 144 of the original 485 acres that had been seized by the crown. The remaining land was kept by the crown as reserves, or sold on to British immigrant farmers. Te Ākitai Waiohua began returning to the area in 1866, settling to the west of Pūkaki Creek and at Ihumātao. In 1862, the first local government was established in the area, with the formation of the Mangerei Highway Board. The first school, Mangere Central School, opened in 1859, and churches were built in central Māngere in 1874 and 1894. Māngere had become known as
2783-626: The New Zealand Army . Areas of Papatoetoe and Manurewa were used as military camps for the United States Army . Middlemore Hospital opened in 1947, originally intended to be a temporary military hospital. In the 1950s, Chinese New Zealand gardeners Fay Gock and Joe Gock began cultivating kūmara (sweet potatoes) at their farm beside the Pūkaki Creek, using plants donated to them by their neighbours at Pūkaki Marae. The Gocks developed
2904-538: The New Zealand Co-operative Dairy Company . By 1915, Chinese New Zealand market garden were established around Māngere. The Māngere area was primarily rural for the first half of the 20th century, except for the Māngere Bridge area, where the first suburban housing developed in 1875 after the construction of the first Māngere Bridge . Māngere East began to develop as a suburban area after
3025-456: The North Shore ). Alternatively, according to Ngāti Tamaoho tradition, Waikahina married Noia, a Ngāti Pou chief who settled at Te Maketū ( Drury ) in South Auckland, after fleeing the isthmus. Kahutoroa, another sister of Kiwi Tāmaki, married Tautini of Ngāti Tāhinga . While there are many explanations for the etymology of Māori language name for Auckland, Tāmaki Makaurau ("Tāmaki of
3146-654: The Tāmaki River after himself (Te Wai ō Tāiki) and settled on the eastern shores of the river alongside the descendants of Huiārangi (of the early iwi Te Tini ō Maruiwi), including the shores of Te Waiōtara (the Ōtara Creek ). Over time, Ngā Riki emerged as a group who settled between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura , and Ngā Oho was used to describe the people who lived around Papakura. Many of the volcanic features of South Auckland became fortified pā sites for Tāmaki Māori, notably Māngere Mountain , Matukutūruru , Matukutūreia and Pukekiwiriki . There are few pā sites inland from
3267-554: The Waiohua under the rangatira Huakaiwaka. The union lasted for three generations, and was centred around the pā of Maungawhau and later Maungakiekie on the Auckland isthmus . Other Tāmaki Māori groups such as Ngāi Tāhuhu were considered either allies of Waiohua, or hapū within the union. Māngere Mountain / Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Te Ara Pueru was a major pā for the Waiohua , a confederacy of Tāmaki Māori iwi . The mountain complex may have been home to thousands of people, with
3388-564: The Waitematā Harbour (likely close to the site of the modern-day Arataki Visitor Centre on Scenic Drive, Auckland ), and when this happened, dropped a hue (calabash bottle) full of oil on the ground as a signal for his men to turn around and attack. Waha-akiaki rushed towards Kiwi Tāmaki, recognisable by his chiefly hair plumes. Both fell to the ground, but during the struggle Waha-akiaki managed to grab his stone patu , striking Kiwi Tāmaki and killing him. His death instantly demoralised
3509-512: The Waokauri / Pūkaki portage , connecting the Manukau Harbour and Tāmaki River via Papatoetoe , and was often used by Tāmaki Māori to avoid the Te Tō Waka and Karetu portages, controlled by the people who lived at Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond . Much of the coastal Manukau Harbour area was farmed using Polynesian stonefield agricultural techniques, such as the Ōtuataua Stonefields at Ihumātao . In
3630-580: The Wesleyan Methodist Church established a mission at the foot of Maungataketake , near Ihumātao. The following year, Governor George Grey established the village of Ōtāhuhu . The village was created as a way to protect the township of Auckland, and was settled by retired British soldiers of the Royal New Zealand Fencible Corps . Grey also asked Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (then known as a powerful chief and negotiator, but later
3751-573: The taraire forest at Kirks Bush in Papakura, and areas of the Auckland Botanic Gardens in Manurewa. The Auckland area was an early location visited by many of the Māori migration canoes , including the Matahourua , Aotea , Mātaatua , Tainui , Tākitimu , Tokomaru , Te Wakatūwhenua and Moekākara waka. Some of the earliest stories about the region involve Te Tō Waka ,
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3872-549: The Āwhitu Peninsula . The war party launched a surprise attacks on the Āwhitu pā and the powerful Tara-ataua pā at the south of the peninsula, slaughtering the residents. The taua pursued the fleeing occupants as far south as Papakura , and attacked the Puke-Horo-Katoa pā at the north of the peninsula, however were unable to take the pā and retreated across the Manukau Harbour back to the south Waitākere Ranges, regrouping at Paruroa (Big Muddy Creek) . Kiwi Tāmaki, livid at
3993-513: The 1820s, the threat of Ngāpuhi war parties from the north during the Musket Wars caused most of the Tāmaki Makaurau area to become deserted. Ngāti Whatua and Waiohua relocated to the Waikato under the protection of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero . A peace accord between Ngāpuhi and Waikato Tainui was reached through the marriage of Matire Toha, daughter of Ngāpuhi chief Rewa was married to Kati Takiwaru,
4114-480: The 1910s, Between the 1920s and 1940s, significant portions of South Auckland were used for Chinese-owned and operated market gardens. In 1911, the first controlled powered flight in New Zealand took place in Takanini . The flight took place inside a single paddock within the racecourse of the now-defunct Papakura Racing Club. The flight was piloted by Vivian Walsh and was carried out in a Howard Wright 1910 Biplane ,
4235-525: The 1950s and 1960s, typically from primarily from Western Samoa (modern-day Samoa), Tonga , the Cook Islands and Niue . By the mid-1970s, gentrification caused many Pasifika communities to relocate away from the central suburbs, moving to areas such as South Auckland. In 1965, Manukau City was formed by the amalgamation of the Manurewa Borough and Manukau County. The new city decided to create
4356-610: The 1970s, with non-residents associating the term with deprivation, crime and violence. From 1989, many organisations began using the term Counties Manukau as an alternative way to describe South Auckland. The name South Auckland is often used imprecisely by the press or politicians, to describe lower socio-economic areas south of the Auckland City Centre . Some areas of the Auckland isthmus occasionally referred to as South Auckland are Onehunga , Penrose , Mount Wellington , and Panmure . Some Howick ward suburbs to
4477-502: The 2040s, the Auckland Council plans to create a new regional park on Puketutu Island. Much of the island was quarried in the 1950s, and is slowly being refilled with biosolids. At the end of this process, the quarried peaks will be reformed. South Auckland covers 166.94 km (64.46 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 375,300 as of June 2024, with a population density of 2,248 people per km . South Auckland had
4598-559: The Auckland isthmus and the Māngere peninsula, including Maungarei / Mount Wellington , Māngere Mountain / Te Pane-o-Mataaho , Ihumātao , Onehunga , Remuera , Omahu, Te Umuponga at Ōrākei , Kohimarama , Taurarua ( Point Resolution in Parnell ), Te Tō ( Freemans Bay ), Rarotonga / Mount Smart , Te Tatua-a-Riukiuta / Three Kings and Ōwairaka / Mount Albert . Kiwi Tāmaki primarily stayed at Maungakiekie, but would also shift seasonally between
4719-575: The Crown as a native settlement in the 1850s, around the Te Ākitai Waiohua kāinga. In the late 1840s, a Wesleyan Mission was established at Ihumātao . The area flourished as a farming area primarily for wheat and oat crops, which were processed at a mill at Ihumātao. Until the 1860s, the Māori population of the Manukau Harbour and Waikato areas produced goods to sell or barter at the port of Onehunga . During this period,
4840-540: The God Rēhua-i-te-rangi was found inside of his body, in the shape of a reptile. A Te Taoū warrior consumed the God, however soon died because of eating it. Kiwi Tāmaki's breastbone was taken back to Kaipara and hung upon a tree, as Waha-akiaki had cursed. Tuperiri, unsatisfied that the deaths did not make up for the deaths of his sisters, confronted Waha-akiaki, and together they convinced all Ngāti Whātua hapū to attack
4961-570: The Manukau Harbour to the Waikato River in the south. Tāmaki Māori peoples settled the eastern coastline of the Manukau Harbour as early as the 14th century. Settlements in the area were based on what resources were available seasonally, such as Manukau Harbour fish and shellfish. In the 15th century, Tāmaki Māori people created extensive garden sites at Ihumātao , Wiri and the slopes of Māngere Mountain . These garden sites used Polynesian agricultural techniques and traditions, with
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5082-537: The Manukau Harbour, inviting Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson to settle in Auckland, hoping this would protect the land and people living in Tāmaki Makaurau. In the winter of 1840, Ngāti Whātua moved the majority of the iwi to the Waitematā Harbour , with most iwi members resettling to the Remuera - Ōrākei area, closer to the new European settlement at Waihorotiu (modern-day Auckland City Centre ). A smaller Ngāti Whātua presence remained at Māngere-Onehunga. In 1846,
5203-418: The Māngere area, in order to tend to the farms and for ahi kā (land rights through continued occupation). Lieutenant-Colonel Marmaduke Nixon , who settled on the shores of the Pūkaki Creek in the 1850s, arrested his neighbour, the Te Ākitai Waiohua rangatira Ihaka Takanini , who later died on Rakino Island . European settlers continued to live in the area, often looting the abandoned settlements. In 1867,
5324-691: The Māori population of Māngere was significantly larger than the European population. On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement, Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for the south before the Government's Invasion of the Waikato . Six men remained in
5445-653: The Pūkaki Creek, using plants donated to them by their neighbours at Pūkaki Marae. The Gocks developed a disease-resistant variety of kūmara that became the modern Owairaka Red variety. In 1958, the Mangere Aerodrome was chosen by the New Zealand Government as the site of a new purpose-built airport, to replace the RNZAF Base Auckland at Whenuapai served as the civilian airport for Auckland. The Auckland Airport opened in 1966. In 1962, central Māngere
5566-641: The Southwestern Motorway) extended south to Massey Road. The entire Western Ring Route project, connecting the Northwestern Motorway to the Southern Motorway was completed in 2017. In the 2010s, discussions began to create a light rail connection between the Auckland city centre to Māngere. After the 2023 New Zealand general election , plans for light rail to Māngere were placed on hold. Māngere covers 9.04 km (3.49 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 23,120 as of June 2024, with
5687-476: The Te Taoū camp at Paruroa, travelling by land and sea. Vastly outnumbered, Waha-akiaki ordered his warriors to adopt a hawaiki-pepeke strategy, a feigned retreat to draw in the enemy. As the warriors arrived, Waha-akiaki told his brother Waitaheke, "let the bird be drawn into the snare", while they pursued the Te Taoū force further up the creek. Waha-akiaki told the men to continue up the creek until they could see
5808-674: The Tāmaki River becoming one of the busiest waterways in New Zealand by the late 1850s. In April 1851, the Tāmaki Bridge was constructed along the Great South Road , spurring growth in the Papatoetoe area. By 1855, the Great South Road was extended as far south as Drury . Coal mining became a major industry in Drury during this time, and in 1862 one of the first tramways in New Zealand
5929-598: The Waiohua confederation, and was one of the most prosperous and populated areas of Aotearoa prior to the arrival of Europeans. Kiwi Tāmaki owned a gigantic pahū pounamu, a greenstone gong, that could be heard from across the isthmus as a calling for warriors to assemble, especially in times of war. It was known as Whakarewa-tāhuna ("Lifted from the Banks of the Sea"), and was located at either Maungakiekie or Maungawhau. The gong had been in possession by Tāmaki Māori for generations, however
6050-406: The Waiohua force, who fell back towards the Manukau Harbour. While fleeing, many were killed on the seashore, which was the origin of the name of the battle, Te-Rangi-hinganga-tahi ("The Day When All Fell Together"), named so because the large number of corpses desecrated the area and polluted the local shellfish beds. After his death, Kiwi Tāmaki was cut open by the warriors. According to retellings,
6171-494: The Waiohua people had suffered historic raids by Ngāti Whātua warriors led by the Tainui warrior Kawharu , and waited for an opportune time. Around the year 1740, Kiwi Tāmaki attended the uhunga (funeral rites) commemorating the death of Te Taoū rangatira and great warrior Tumupākihi. Tumupākihi was one of the warriors who secured Ngāti Whātua hegemony in the area, pushing Ngā Iwi (Waiohua) residents further south. A memorial feast
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#17328549239686292-487: The Waiohua ruling class, such as Tuperiri and Kiwi Tāmaki, who were cousins. One chief of Ngāti Whātua who had ties to both Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua was Te Raraku (of the hapū Ngāti Rongo). Te Raraku was a Ngāti Whātua leader based on the south of the Kaipara River, who fought with Te Taoū over border issues, and led a faction of Ngāti Whātua who were opposed to Te Taoū. Kiwi Tāmaki agreed to support Raraku's cause, as
6413-742: The area became a part of the Manukau City , In November 2010, all cities and districts of the Auckland Region were amalgamated into a single body, governed by the Auckland Council . Māngere is a part of the Māngere-Ōtāhuhu local board area. The residents of Māngere elect members of the Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board , as well as two councillors from the Manukau ward to sit on the Auckland Council . The Māngere Arts Centre Ngā Tohu o Uenuku
6534-489: The area in the latter 19th century along the Great South Road corridor. In 1875, the North Island Main Trunk began operating in South Auckland, linking the South Auckland area to Auckland and the Waikato by train, and leading to development along this corridor. The first Māngere Bridge was opened in 1875, linking Māngere to Onehunga. The township of Woodside in modern-day Wiri dwindled in importance after
6655-510: The attacks on the Āwhitu Peninsula, sounded the pahu (drum) and pūkaea (war trumpet) of Maungakiekie and surrounding settlements to notify the Waiohua chiefs to assemble for war. Warriors from across Tāmaki joined the war party, including those from Maungekiekie, Te Tātua-o-Riukiuta (Thee Kings), Ōwairaka / Mount Albert , Onehunga , Māngere , Ihumātao and Moerangi / Mount Gabriel . The Waiohua war party, numbering between 3,000 and 4,000 warriors compared to Wahiakiaki's 120, descended on
6776-523: The chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in South Auckland, unchanged by this sale. The Fairburn Purchase was criticised for the sheer size of the purchase, and in 1842 the Crown significantly reduced the size of his land holdings, and the Crown partitioned much of the land for European settlers. On 20 March 1840, Ngāti Whātua chief Apihai Te Kawau signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Orua Bay on
6897-440: The coasts, due to the flat land being unsuitable for fortified sites. The pā is known by the name Te Pā-o-te-tū-tahi-atu, a name that describes the pā as temporary, due to the surrounding flat landscape not being ideal for fortifications. In the early 17th century, the area became a part of the rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki . In the 17th century, three major tribes of Tāmaki Makaurau, Ngā Iwi, Ngā Oho and Ngā Riki, joined to form
7018-433: The course of a few days and most residents were slaughtered, before the war party returned to Kaipara. The final battle against Waiohua was held at Māngere Mountain, which Tuperiri took as revenge for the deaths of his sisters. The mountain was the location where many of the Waiohua soldiers regrouped, and as a defense, had strewn pipi shells around the base of the mountain to warn against attacks. Te Taoū warriors covered
7139-536: The dead. After the massacre, the Waiohua war party travelled to Mimihānui pā, close by along the Kaipara River , and murdered Tahatahi and Tangihua, the sisters of the Ngāti Whātua rangatira Tuperiri. They pursued the surviving members of Te Taoū further south to the pā at Te Mākiri (Te Awaroa / Helensville), confronting Tuperiri and Waha-akiaki, two prominent members of Te Taoū who managed to survive. Waha-akiaki
7260-453: The death of paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki , who became the major occupants of the Tāmaki isthmus and Māngere . Ngāti Whātua was significantly smaller than the Waiohua confederation and chose to focus life at Onehunga , Māngere and Ōrākei . Gradually, the Waiohua people who had sought refuge with their Waikato Tainui relatives to the south, re-established in the South Auckland area, mainly in
7381-621: The deity who was involved in their creation. A number of waterways are found in the area, including the Tararata Creek and Harania Creek which drain into the Māngere Inlet in the north, and the Pūkaki Creek and Waokauri Creek in the south. The first evidence of Tāmaki Māori in the coastal Māngere area comes from the 14th century, with evidence of the first settlements later in the 15th century. The Pūkaki Creek formed an important part of
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#17328549239687502-420: The different pā throughout Tāmaki Makaurau, based on when the harvest times for various seafood, bird and vegetables were. He was based at Māngere during the Manukau Harbour shark season and at Te Tō (Freemans Bay) during the Waitematā Harbour shark season. During the migratory season of the kākā parrot, Kiwi was based at Ngutuwera (in modern-day Chatswood on the North Shore ) where birds could be snared in
7623-543: The early 18th century, Te Pane o Mataaho / Māngere Mountain was a major pā for the Waiohua , a confederacy of Tāmaki Māori iwi . The mountain complex may have been home to thousands of people, with the mountain acting as a central place for rua (food storage pits). Paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki stayed at Māngere seasonally, when it was the time of year to hunt sharks in the Manukau Harbour. The southern slopes of Te Pane o Mataaho / Māngere Mountain were known as Taotaoroa, an extensive garden that sat between wetlands, and fed by
7744-434: The east are often called South Auckland, including Flat Bush and East Tāmaki . Towns south of Auckland are also often referred to as South Auckland, including Pukekohe and Waiuku , and occasionally some towns in the northern Waikato Region, such as Pōkeno and Tuakau . South Auckland is an area on the eastern shores of the Manukau Harbour , and the upper headwaters of the Tāmaki River . Many features of
7865-409: The extreme breach of Ngāti Whātua manaakitanga (hospitality) were seen as powerful reasons to retaliate against the Waiohua, and a Te Taoū taua was formed. The first wave of attacks were by a Te Taoū taua of 100 men raised by Waha-akiaki. This force advanced as far southeast as Titirangi , defeating Kiwi Tāmaki's forces so badly that Kiwi Tāmaki retreated to the safety of Maungakiekie. Bypassing
7986-509: The first Māori King ) to settle at Māngere Bridge as a second defensive site, which developed into a Ngāti Mahuta village. Papakura was established in the late 1840s by a small group of settler families. The South Auckland area flourished in the 1850s, when Manukau Harbour and Waikato tribes produced goods to sell or barter at the port of Onehunga , primarily corn, potato, kūmara, pigs, peaches, melons, fish and potatoes. Ōtāhuhu developed as an agricultural centre and trade hub, with
8107-429: The forested gullies, and at Te Pāhī ( Herald Island ). When it was time to preserve the birds, Kiwi Tāmaki moved to Ōwairaka / Mount Albert. The Maungakiekie pā complex (also known as Te Tōtara-i-āhua, after a tōtara tree planted at the peak of the mountain to commemorate the birth of a rangatira) could house as many as 4,000 people. Kiwi Tāmaki's rule is associated with the time of the greatest unity and strength of
8228-487: The hapū known as Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei . Many hapū of Waiohua did not intermarry with Ngāti Whātua, including Te Ākitai Waiohua , Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Te Ata . Despite fighting against Te Taoū, Te Rangikaketu and his Ngāi Tai relatives were allowed to continue to occupy ancestral lands at Mutukaroa / Hamlins Hill , Rarotonga / Mount Smart and Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond , as Te Rangikaketu had warned members of Te Taoū to be armed and wary around Kiwi Tāmaki. Kiwi Tāmaki
8349-497: The harbour's mouth. Over the last two million years, the harbour has cycled between periods of being a forested river valley and a flooded harbour, depending on changes in the global sea level . The present harbour formed approximately 8,000 years ago, after the Last Glacial Maximum . Historically, much of inland South Auckland was composed of wetlands. Many areas of remnant native bush are found in South Auckland, such as
8470-416: The inner suburbs of Auckland and areas close to factories; often areas with poor housing. To counter overcrowding in the central suburbs, the New Zealand Government undertook large scale state housing developments, creating planned suburbs in Ōtara and Māngere in the 1970s, and adding large areas of state housing around Manurewa and Papatoetoe. Large-scale immigration of Pasifika New Zealanders began in
8591-434: The isthmus, building a pā below the summit of Maungakiekie, which they called Hikurangi. Waiohua remained at locations along the Waitematā Harbour and at Māngere Mountain . Members of Ngāti Whātua who were not Te Taoū, formed a taua to avenge the deaths of Te Huru and Taura, and attacked the settlements of the twin brother Waiohua chiefs Hupipi and Humataitai. The settlements at Ōrākei , Kohimarama and Taurarua fell over
8712-490: The most diverse places in New Zealand but also one of the most socio-economically deprived. South Auckland is not a strictly defined area. It primarily refers to the western and central parts of the former Manukau City , which existed between 1989 and 2010, and surrounding areas of Franklin . Major areas of South Auckland include Māngere , Manukau , Manurewa , Ōtāhuhu , Ōtara , Papakura and Papatoetoe . A strict definition sometimes used for South Auckland includes just
8833-476: The most prosperous and populated areas of Aotearoa. Kiwi Tāmaki's seat of power was at Maungakiekie , which was the most elaborate pā complex in Aotearoa. Around the year 1740, Kiwi Tāmaki angered Ngāti Whātua tribes to the north-west, by murdering guests at a funeral feast held at South Kaipara . This led the Ngāti Whātua hapū Te Taoū to wage war on Kiwi Tāmaki and the Waiohua confederation, defeating him at
8954-487: The mountain acting as a central place for rua (food storage pits). Paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki stayed at Māngere seasonally, when it was the time of year to hunt sharks in the Manukau Harbour. To the south, the twin peaks of Matukutūreia and Matukutūruru were home to the Ngāi Huatau hapū of Waiohua, settled by Huatau, daughter of Huakaiwaka. Around the year 1740, a conflict between Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua led to
9075-445: The mountain to warn against attacks, but Te Taoū warriors covered the pipi shells with dogskin cloaks to muffle the sound, and raided the pā at dawn. An alternate name for the mountain, Te Ara Pueru ("the dogskin cloak path"), references this event. After the events of this war, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei , a hapū created by the members of Te Taoū who remained near the Tāmaki isthmus , who intermarried with defeated members of Waiohua, settled
9196-581: The north-west. The oldest known feature is the Boggust Park Crater , which erupted an estimated 130,000 years ago, while the most recent feature is Waitomokia , which erupted around 20,300 years before the present. The low-lying volcanic features of the area, such as the Māngere Lagoon , Crater Hill , and Pukaki Lagoon were collectively known by the name Nga Tapuwae a Mataoho ("The Sacred Footprints of Mataoho ") to Tāmaki Māori peoples, referring to
9317-504: The opening of the Otahuhu Railway Workshops in the late 1920s. The Pukaki Lagoon was drained and used as a speedway from 1928 until World War II , and by the 1950s Croatian immigrant Andrew Fistonich established the first vineyards in the area, which later grew to become Villa Maria Estates . In the 1950s, Chinese New Zealand gardeners Fay Gock and Joe Gock began cultivating kūmara (sweet potatoes) at their farm beside
9438-571: The parts for which were imported from England in 1910 and assembled by members of the Auckland Aeroplane Syndicate. During the 1920s, Papatoetoe and Manurewa became some of the fastest growing areas of Auckland. These were joined by Māngere East , which developed after the opening of the Otahuhu Railway Workshops in the late 1920s. During World War II , the Papakura Military Camp was established as an important base for
9559-420: The pipi shells with dogskin cloaks to muffle the sound, and raided the pā at dawn. The mountain gained the name Te Ara Pueru ("the dogskin cloak path") in reference to this event. It is unclear if storming the Māngere pā occurred immediately after the capture of the isthmus, or many years later. Members of Waiohua who were enslaved or allowed to return to the isthmus intermarried with Te Taoū, eventually forming
9680-575: The portage at Ōtāhuhu , that allowed waka to cross between the east coast and the Manukau Harbour , where only 200 metres of land separated the two. The crossing of the Tainui waka is memorialised in the name of Ngarango Otainui Island in the Māngere Inlet , where the wooden skids used to haul the waka were left after the trip was made, and other waka including the Matahourua , Aotea , Mātaatua and Tokomaru all have traditional stories associated with
9801-549: The portage. Portages remained important features Tāmaki Māori. In South Auckland, the Waokauri and Pūkaki portages at Papatoetoe was used to avoid Te Tō Waka, controlled by the people who lived at Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond . The Papakura portage connected the Manukau Harbour at Papakura in the west to the Wairoa River in the east, likely along the path of the Old Wairoa Road, and Te Pai o Kaiwaka at Waiuku connected
9922-442: The post office began using this spelling. In 2019, the name of the suburb was officially gazetted as Māngere, with a macron . Central Māngere was traditionally known by the name Taotaoroa, or "The Extensive Plains". Māngere is a peninsula of the Manukau Harbour , south of the Auckland isthmus . Many features of the Auckland volcanic field can be found around Māngere, most visibly Māngere Mountain , an 106-metre volcanic cone to
10043-521: The principal residence of Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei until the 1840s, before the iwi moved to Ōrākei. When the Waiohua people began to re-establish themselves in the Tāmaki Makaurau area in the latter 18th century, most settled around the Manukau Harbour and South Auckland . A major iwi who formed in the area from these people was Te Ākitai Waiohua . By the 19th Century, most Tāmaki Māori peoples moved away from fortified pā and favoured kāinga closer to resources and transport routes. A kāinga called Te Ararata
10164-509: The pā of the isthmus, the taua travelled to Te Taurere ( Taylors Hill ) to the east at the mouth of the Tāmaki River , storming the pā and killing Waiohua chief Takapunga. After further skirmishes, the taua retreated to the Kaipara area, however did not feel that this was enough to compensate for the feast massacre. In retaliation, a Waiohua taua invaded the Kaipara area, killing a number of important Ngāti Whātua chiefs. The second wave of attacks
10285-492: The pūriri tree on Maunga-a-Ngū (a hill at Te Awaroa / Helensville)" Kiwi Tāmaki: "E kore a Kiwi e mate, mā Rēhua-i-te-rangi e kī iho kia mate" / "Kiwi will not die, unless Rēhua-i-terangi says so" Rēhua-i-te-rangi is a god of the Antares associated with the summer, who Kiwi Tāmaki believed resided within his body. After the exchange of threats, Kiwi Tāmaki and the Waiohua war party returned to Tāmaki Makaurau. The massacre and
10406-412: The railway opened, slowly being overtaken by neighbouring Manurewa . Much of South Auckland was known for wheat production, until the 1880s when dairy farming became popular. The first local governments in the area, were established in the 1860s in order to better fund roading projects. During the 1890s, the wetlands of South Auckland were a major location for kauri gum digging. Papakura township
10527-458: The region together. After the Waiohua hegemony in Tāmaki Makaurau fell, as the Te Taoū war party were easily able to defeat most of the central isthmus pā. Many Waiohua fled to the Franklin District and the Waikato , or were enslaved. Te Taoū believed the result of this war was take raupatu (land right through conquest), and Tuperiri along with most of the Te Taoū contingent stayed on
10648-514: The region, eventually becoming the modern hapū Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei , based on the Auckland isthmus and Waitematā Harbour . Much of what is known about Kiwi Tāmaki is through Ngāti Whātua leader and folklore recorder Paora Tūhaere , 19th century court cases in the Māori Land Court , and oral traditions from Tāmaki Māori tribes including Te Ākitai Waiohua , Ngāti Te Ata and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki . Kiwi Tāmaki's grandfather Huakaiwaka
10769-493: The region. Originally the iwi were based on Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill , but after the death of paramount chief Tūperiri (circa 1795), the Māngere Bridge area and Onehunga became permanent kāinga (settlements) for Ngāti Whātua. The location was chosen because of the good quality soils for gardening, resources from the Manukau Harbour , and the area acting as a junction for surrounding trade routes. Māngere-Onehunga remained
10890-765: The same year as, Rainbow's End a theme park in Manukau. Over time, Rainbow's End expanded to become the largest theme park in New Zealand. In the 1989 local government reforms, Manukau, Papatoetoe and Howick in East Auckland amalgamated into the Manukau City, and in 2010 all areas of the Auckland Region were merged into a single unitary body, administered by Auckland Council . By the 2010s, areas of South Auckland such as Papatoetoe had developed as major areas for South Asian communities. Between 2016 and 2020, Ihumātao
11011-437: The sheer size of the purchase, and in 1842 the Crown significantly reduced the size of his land holdings, and the Crown partitioned much of the land for European settlers. On 20 March 1840, Ngāti Whātua chief Apihai Te Kawau signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Orua Bay on the Manukau Harbour, inviting Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson to settle in Auckland, hoping this would protect the land and people living in Auckland. In
11132-577: The south before the Government's Invasion of the Waikato . Small numbers of people remained, in order to tend to their farms and for ahi kā (land rights through continued occupation). Most Māori occupants of the area felt they had no choice due to their strong ties to Tainui and Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, and were forced to flee to the south. While fleeing, Te Ākitai Waiohua rangatira Ihaka Takanini and his family were captured by his former neighbour, Lieutenant-Colonel Marmaduke Nixon , and taken prisoner on Rakino Island , where Ihaka Takanini died. During
11253-412: The stone walls acting acted as boundaries, windbreaks and drainage systems for the crops grown in the area, which included kūmara (sweet potato), hue ( calabash gourds ), taro , uwhi (ube yam), tī pore (Pacific cabbage tree) and aute (the paper mulberry tree). The environment-modifying techniques used in the Ōtuataua Stonefields allowed early Tāmaki Māori to propagate crops which were not suited to
11374-486: The suburb. The area has been inhabited by Tāmaki Māori since early periods of Māori history, including large-scale agricultural stonefields, such as Ihumātao , and Māngere Mountain , which was home to a fortified pā . Te Ākitai Waiohua communities in Māngere thrived in the 1840s and 1850s after the establishment of a Wesleyan Mission and extensive wheat farms, until the Invasion of the Waikato in 1863. Māngere remained
11495-694: The two motorways running south from the isthmus, runs across the bridge and through Māngere. Passenger train Southern and Eastern Line services run along the eastern edge of Māngere, stopping at Middlemore railway station . Further north at Massey Road is Māngere railway station , closed in 2011. Frequent bus services (15 mins schedules) connect Māngere Town Centre to Sylvia Park via Ōtāhuhu railway station (route 32) and to Botany Town Centre via Papatoetoe railway station and Ōtara (route 31). Connections can be made with Onehunga , Auckland Airport and Manukau Bus Station on (route 380) Note: The 313 runs on
11616-511: The war, many stockades and redoubts were constructed by the Crown troops. This included St John's Redoubt on Great South Road , constructed in order to secure the supply line for troops and in operation until 1864. Early skirmishes between the Crown and Kīngitanga forces happened in the forested land around Drury and Pukekohe areas, including the Defence of Pukekohe East in September 1863. After
11737-435: The war, the Crown confiscated 1.2 million acres of Māori land around the Waikato , including Waiohua land in South Auckland. The former residents of the Manukau Harbour began returning to the area in 1866, with the Native Compensation Court returning small portions of land in 1867. Most land was kept by the crown as reserves, or sold on to British immigrant farmers. Small farming communities such as began developing in
11858-513: The waters of three streams: Te Ararata (Tararata Creek), the Harania Creek and the Ōtaki Creek, a tributary of the Tāmaki River . In the early 1740s, Kiwi Tāmaki was slain in battle by the Te Taoū hapū of Ngāti Whātua . After the battle, most Waiohua fled the region, although many of the remaining Waiohua warriors regrouped at Te Pane o Mataaho. The warriors strew pipi shells around the base of
11979-462: The winter of 1840, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei moved the majority of the iwi to the Waitematā Harbour , with most iwi members resettling to the Remuera - Ōrākei area, closer to the new European settlement at Waihorotiu (modern-day Auckland CBD ). A smaller Ngāti Whātua presence remained at Māngere-Onehunga, as well as members of Te Uringutu , and the western banks of the Waokauri Creek were reserved by
12100-478: The younger brother of Tainui chief Pōtatau Te Wherowhero , who settled together on the slopes of Māngere Mountain. Ngāti Whātua returned to the Māngere-Onehunga area by the mid-1830s, re-establishing a pā on Māngere Mountain called Whakarongo. During the 1840s, Waiohua descendant tribes returned to their papakāinga (settlements) at Ihumātao, Pūkaki , Papahīnau, Waimāhia and Te Aparangi . Māngere-Onehunga
12221-451: Was Paerata Rise north of Pukekohe, joined by Auranga , an area of coastal Karaka . A major development is planned for the Drury- Ōpaheke area, to be developed in stages from the 2020s through to the 2050s. Three new train stations will be constructed in the area between Papakura and Pukekohe. In the 2010s, a light rail line was proposed to link the Auckland City Centre to Māngere. In
12342-571: Was 38.5, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 25.3% had no religion, 48.6% were Christian , 2.2% had Māori religious beliefs , 8.0% were Hindu , 3.6% were Muslim , 1.5% were Buddhist and 5.3% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 34,152 (14.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 49,143 (20.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 23,367 people (9.8%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
12463-563: Was 39.7, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 14.4% had no religion, 64.7% were Christian , 2.3% had Māori religious beliefs , 4.9% were Hindu , 7.7% were Muslim , 0.7% were Buddhist and 0.7% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 1,452 (9.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 3,582 (23.3%) people had no formal qualifications. 939 people (6.1%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
12584-645: Was adjacent to the large Ardmore Gumfield (also known as the Papakura Gumfield), which stretched from Manurewa to Clevedon . By the 1900s, Auckland gumfields and swamps began being converted into farmland and orchards. In 1890, the Māori King, Tāwhiao , had a residence constructed for his family members at Māngere Bridge, where members of the family including Mahuta Tāwhiao , Tumate Mahuta and Tonga Mahuta stayed while attending schools in Auckland. The first Chinese New Zealanders arrived in South Auckland in
12705-416: Was born on Maungawhau / Mount Eden . When he was a young leader, Kiwi Tāmaki shifted the seat of power of the Waiohua from Maungawhau to Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill. The 46 hectare Maungakiekie pā complex was the largest pā in the Tāmaki Makaurau region. By 1720, Waiohua confederation were thriving under the leadership of Kiwi Tāmaki, and had established pā and kāinga at most of the volcanic peaks of
12826-457: Was built to link Mangere with Onehunga to its north while the isthmus of Auckland reaches its narrowest point, further to the east at Ōtāhuhu . Later, it provided a more direct route for traffic to and from Auckland Airport . Construction of a new bridge was the subject of one of New Zealand's longest-running industrial disputes, from 1978 until 1980. The bridge was finally completed in 1983. The Southwestern Motorway ( State Highway 20 ), one of
12947-469: Was chosen as a location for a large-scale state housing development. This followed Glen Innes and Ōtara as the third large-scale state housing development in Auckland aimed a low-income families, centred around a retail and community centre. By the 1980s, central Māngere had become one of the more economically deprived areas in New Zealand. By the early 2000s, Māngere had become a multicultural area of Auckland. In 1997, State Highway 20 (commonly known as
13068-496: Was constructed to transport coal from the mine to the Manukau Harbour. In 1861, Governor George Grey ordered the construction of the Great South Road further into the Waikato, due to fears of potential invasion of Waikato Tainui . On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement, Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for
13189-411: Was found near modern central Māngere along the banks of the Tararata Creek, and the central Māngere area was used as an area for growing food, medicine and plants for weaving. In the 1820s and early 1830s, the threat of Ngāpuhi raiders from the north during the Musket Wars caused most of the Tāmaki Makaurau area to become deserted. During this period, a peace accord between Ngāpuhi and Waikato Tainui
13310-490: Was held at Waitūoro, close to Parakai and modern-day Helensville . During the feast, Kiwi Tāmaki and Waiohua forces, assisted by Ngāi Tai rangatira Te Rangikaketu, descended on the guests and massacred members of Te Taoū. The deaths included Te Taoū rangatira Te Huru and Te Kaura, Tumupakihi's son Tapuwae, while others including Kahurautao of Ngāti Maru and members of the Ngāpuhi hapū Ngāti Rua-Ngaio may have been among
13431-536: Was hidden near Maungawhau during the end of Kiwi Tāmaki's reign and never recovered. Kiwi Tāmaki married Paretutanganui (who descended from the Waiohua hapū Ngāti Te Aua and Ngāti Pare), and together they had a son, Rangimatoru. Kiwi Tāmaki's sister Waikahina (also known as Waikahuia) was married to Mana, a chief of Te Kawerau ā Maki , the iwi who primarily resided in West Auckland and the Waitākere Ranges . Together they lived at Mangonui (modern-day Chatswood on
13552-580: Was made by a taua of 240 men, under the joint leadership of Tuperiri, Waha-akiaki and Tuperiri's half-brother Waitaheke, and were intended as a way to entice Kiwi Tāmaki away from the safety of the Maungakiekie pā. The taua travelled south and camped on the Karangahape Peninsula (modern Cornwallis ), constructing rafts made of raupō (bulrushes), crossing the Manukau Heads overnight and reaching
13673-405: Was occupied by protesters, who were concerned at the construction of a housing development on the archaeological site, and called for the land to be returned to mana whenua . In late 2020, the New Zealand Government purchased the site, with no decision being made on the future of the land. Areas south of Papakura began developing into new suburban housing in the late 2010s. The first of these
13794-502: Was opened, Southmall Manurewa . In 1960, the Manukau Sewage Purification Works (now Māngere Wastewater Treatment Plant) was opened in the Manukau Harbour, using algae-based oxidation ponds, around Puketutu Island . A new purpose-built Auckland Airport was opened in Māngere 1966 to replace the dual commercial and military airport at Whenuapai . The construction of the airport led to significant reclamation of
13915-461: Was primarily farmland until the mid-20th century, when the construction of the Auckland Southern Motorway led to major suburban development, and the establishing of Manukau City , which was later amalgamated into Auckland. Large-scale state housing areas were constructed in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to significant Urban Māori and Pasifika communities developing in the area. The presence of 165 different ethnicities makes South Auckland one of
14036-424: Was reached through the marriage of Matire Toha, daughter of Ngāpuhi chief Rewa was married to Kati Takiwaru, the younger brother of Tainui chief Pōtatau Te Wherowhero , and they settled together on the slopes of Māngere Mountain. Ngāti Whātua returned to the Māngere-Onehunga area by the mid-1830s, re-establishing a pā on Māngere Mountain called Whakarongo. In January 1836 missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered
14157-550: Was that 120,102 (50.6%) people were employed full-time, 26,430 (11.1%) were part-time, and 14,052 (5.9%) were unemployed. $ 24,700 $ 25,900 $ 27,400 Kiwi T%C4%81maki Kiwi Tāmaki (died c. 1741 ) was a Māori warrior and paramount chief of the Waiohua confederation in Tāmaki Makaurau (modern-day Auckland isthmus ). The third generation paramount chief of Waiohua, Kiwi Tāmaki consolidated and extended Waiohua power over Tāmaki Makaurau, making it one of
14278-466: Was that 7,236 (47.1%) people were employed full-time, 1,647 (10.7%) were part-time, and 975 (6.3%) were unemployed. The first local government in the area was the Mangerei Highway Board, which formed in 1862. Māngere for the 19th and early 20th Centuries, Māngere was a rural area within the Manukau County . Māngere Bridge and Māngere East were established as town districts in 1954 and 1955. In 1965,
14399-489: Was the founder of Waiohua, a union between the Tāmaki Māori tribes of Ngā Oho , Ngā Riki and Ngā Iwi under a single banner. His parents were paramount chief Te Ika-maupoho and Te Tahuri. His mother was from the Waikato tribe Ngāti Mahuta , and was a famed agriculturalist, who managed Nga Māra a Tahuri, extensive kūmara (sweet potato) plantations located between Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and Onehunga . Kiwi Tāmaki
14520-405: Was the main residence of Auckland-based Ngāti Whātua until the 1840s. In January 1836 missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero and Turia of Ngāti Te Rau , covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura . The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what
14641-457: Was the son of Tumupakihi, who the funeral had been held for. At Te Mākiri, Kiwi Tāmaki and Waha-akiaki exchanged kanga (threatening curses): Kiwi Tāmaki: "Heoi anō tō kōuma āpōpō e iri ana i te rākau i Tōtara-i-āhua" / "Tomorrow your breast bone will hang on the tree on Tōtara-i-āhua (Maungakiekie) " Waha-akiaki: "Kia pēnei, āpōpō tō kōuma e iri ana i te pūriri i Maunga-a-Ngū" / "It will be like this, tomorrow your 10 breast bones will hang on
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