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91-564: Major settlements on the Lincolnshire coast include the ports of Grimsby and Immingham , and the seaside resorts of Cleethorpes , Mablethorpe (with Sutton-on-Sea ), Ingoldmells and Skegness . Smaller towns and villages on the coast include South Ferriby , Barton , Barrow , New Holland , Saltfleet & Saltfleetby , Theddlethorpe , Trusthorpe , Sandilands , Anderby Creek, Chapel St Leonards and Freiston Shore . The port of Boston , though some six miles (10 km) from

182-577: A dynamometer car . The national electric-train speed record (pre- High Speed 1 ) of 162 mph (261 km/h) was set on the same stretch as the Mallard record, on 17 September 1989 by Class 91 91010. There were plans to bring a new high-speed rail line through the East Midlands as part of the High Speed 2 project, of which Phase 2 would have brought a new line connecting Birmingham to Leeds , with

273-456: A centre for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations. A smart port uses technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) to be more efficient at handling goods. Smart ports usually deploy cloud-based software as part of the process of greater automation to help generate the operating flow that helps the port work smoothly. At present, most of

364-402: A county level. As a region today, there is no overriding body with significant financial or planning powers for the East Midlands. The East Midlands Combined Authority will be established in 2024. The East Midlands region contains many urban areas which include: Major towns and cities in the East Midlands region include: 9% of all jobs in the region are in logistics . Traffic in

455-876: A fishing port to be uneconomical. A marina is a port for recreational boating. A warm-water port (also known as an ice-free port) is one where the water does not freeze in winter. This is mainly used in the context of countries with mostly cold winters where parts of the coastline freezes over every winter. Because they are available year-round, warm-water ports can be of great geopolitical or economic interest . Such settlements as Narvik in Norway, Dalian in China, Murmansk , Novorossiysk , Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Vostochny Port in Russia, Odesa in Ukraine, Kushiro in Japan and Valdez at

546-608: A joint LTP in collaboration with their respective local county councils. A historical basis for such a region exists in the territory of the Corieltauvi tribe. When the Romans took control, they made Leicester ( Ratae Corieltauvorum ) one of their main forts. The main town in the region in Roman times was Lincoln , at the confluence of the Fosse Way and Ermine Street . After the withdrawal of

637-462: A land area of 15,624 km (6,032 sq mi), with an estimated population 4,934,939 in 2022. With a sufficiency-level world city ranking, Nottingham is the only settlement in the region to be classified by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The region is primarily served by East Midlands Airport , which lies between Derby, Leicester and Nottingham. The main cities in

728-711: A port or nearby. Modern ports will have specialised cargo -handling equipment, such as gantry cranes , reach stackers and forklift trucks . Ports usually have specialised functions: some tend to cater mainly for passenger ferries and cruise ships ; some specialise in container traffic or general cargo; and some ports play an important military role for their nation's navy. Some third world countries and small islands such as Ascension and St Helena still have limited port facilities, so that ships must anchor off while their cargo and passengers are taken ashore by barge or launch (respectively). In modern times, ports survive or decline, depending on current economic trends. In

819-578: A port. For this reason, ports are also often densely populated settlements that provide the labor for processing and handling goods and related services for the ports. Today by far the greatest growth in port development is in Asia, the continent with some of the world's largest and busiest ports , such as Singapore and the Chinese ports of Shanghai and Ningbo-Zhoushan . As of 2020, the busiest passenger port in Europe

910-797: A proposed station in Toton known as the East Midlands Hub It would also have served the region via "classic-compatible" tracks serving Chesterfield and Sheffield , the latter of which is just outside the region in Yorkshire & the Humber . The Trent is a navigable river used to transport goods to the Humber , as well as passing by many power stations. The Trent is the only river in England able to supply cooling water for power stations for most of its length; it has

1001-497: A radio receiver installed in a van at Litchborough (just off the A5 about 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Daventry) to receive signals bounced off a metal-clad Handley Page Heyford bomber flying across the radio transmissions. The interference picked up from the aircraft allowed its approximate navigational position to be estimated, and therefore proved that it was possible to detect the position of aircraft using radio waves. The success of

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1092-465: A sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg , Manchester and Duluth ; these access the sea via rivers or canals . Because of their roles as ports of entry for immigrants as well as soldiers in wartime, many port cities have experienced dramatic multi-ethnic and multicultural changes throughout their histories. Ports are extremely important to the global economy; 70% of global merchandise trade by value passes through

1183-424: A ship on its sailing itinerary. At these ports, cargo ships may take on supplies or fuel, as well as unloading and loading cargo while cruise liners have passengers get on or off ship. A fishing port is a port or harbor for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause

1274-506: A ship to sail from the ocean inland to the port to load or unload its cargo. An example of this is the St. Lawrence Seaway which allows ships to travel from the Atlantic Ocean several thousand kilometers inland to Great Lakes ports like Toronto , Duluth-Superior , and Chicago . The term inland port is also used for dry ports . A seaport is a port located on the shore of a sea or ocean. It

1365-518: A single Dutch ship per year, whereas Osaka was the largest domestic port and the main trade hub for rice. Post-classical Swahili kingdoms are known to have had trade port islands and trade routes with the Islamic world and Asia. They were described by Greek historians as "metropolises". Famous African trade ports such as Mombasa , Zanzibar , Mogadishu and Kilwa were known to Chinese sailors such as Zheng He and medieval Islamic historians such as

1456-495: A small semi-automated container port (with links to the Port of Felixstowe , the UK's largest container port) thrived for some years, but has been hit hard by competition from the emergent London Gateway port and logistics hub. In mainland Europe, it is normal for ports to be publicly owned, so that, for instance, the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam are owned partly by the state and partly by

1547-641: A third of the world's shipping containers , half of the world's annual supply of crude oil , and is the world's busiest transshipment port . Europe's busiest container port and biggest port by cargo tonnage by far is the Port of Rotterdam , in the Netherlands. It is followed by the Belgian Port of Antwerp or the German Port of Hamburg , depending on which metric is used. In turn, the Spanish Port of Valencia

1638-651: Is an unelected body made up of representatives of local government in the region. The defunct East Midlands Development Agency was headquartered next to the BBC 's East Midlands office in Nottingham and made financial decisions regarding economic development in the region. Since the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government launched its austerity programme after the 2010 general election , regional bodies such as those have been devolved to smaller groups now on

1729-690: Is at the University of Leicester. The region is home to large quantities of limestone , and the East Midlands Oil Province . Charnwood Forest is noted for its abundant levels of volcanic rock, estimated to be approximately 600 million years old. A quarter of the UK's cement is manufactured in the region, at three sites in Hope and Tunstead in Derbyshire, and Ketton Cement Works in Rutland . Of

1820-418: Is extremely vulnerable to sea level rise and coastal flooding . Internationally, global ports are beginning to identify ways to improve coastal management practices and integrate climate change adaptation practices into their construction. Wherever ancient civilisations engaged in maritime trade, they tended to develop sea ports. One of the world's oldest known artificial harbors is at Wadi al-Jarf on

1911-404: Is further categorized as commercial and non-commercial: Cargo ports are quite different from cruise ports, because each handles very different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by a variety of mechanical means. Bulk cargo ports may handle one particular type of cargo or numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals, wood, automobiles, etc. Such ports are known as

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2002-466: Is known for Simpson's rule . Roger Cotes invented the concept of the radian in 1714, but the term was not so-named until 1873. Henry Cavendish , loosely connected with Derbyshire, discovered hydrogen in 1766 (although the element's name came from Antoine Lavoisier ), and Cavendish was the first to estimate an accurate mass of the Earth in 1798 in his Cavendish experiment . The Cavendish Laboratory at

2093-520: Is less important than it was (though it still handles upwards of 1.5 million tonnes p.a.). Humberside Airport is ten miles (16 km) west of Grimsby. The marshes and reedbeds of the Wash and Humber are some of the most important areas for wading birds in the UK. Lincolnshire's coastal nature reserves include: Gibraltar Point National Nature Reserve (NNR) south of Skegness, the Far Ings NNR on

2184-688: Is often lower because of both direct and indirect pollution from the shipping, and other challenges caused by the port's community, such as trash washing into the ocean. Sewage from ships, and leaks of oil and chemicals from shipping vessels can contaminate local water, and cause other effects like nutrient pollution in the water. Ports and their infrastructure are very vulnerable to climate change and sea level rise, because many of them are in low-lying areas designed for status quo water levels. Variable weather, coastal erosion, and sea level rise all put pressure on existing infrastructure, resulting in subsidence , coastal flooding and other direct pressures on

2275-489: Is the Port of Helsinki in Finland . Nevertheless, countless smaller ports do exist that may only serve their local tourism or fishing industries. Ports can have a wide environmental impact on local ecologies and waterways, most importantly water quality, which can be caused by dredging, spills and other pollution . Ports are heavily affected by changing environmental factors caused by climate change as most port infrastructure

2366-642: Is the busiest port in the Mediterranean basin, while the Portuguese Port of Sines is the busiest atlantic port. The Port of Trieste , Italy , is the main port of the northern Adriatic and starting point of the Transalpine Pipeline . The largest ports include the Port of South Louisiana , a vast sprawling port centered in the New Orleans area, Houston , Port of New York/New Jersey , Los Angeles in

2457-508: Is the largest port in the world in both cargo tonnage and activity. It regained its position as the world's busiest port by cargo tonnage and the world's busiest container port in 2009 and 2010, respectively. It is followed by the ports of Singapore , Hong Kong and Kaohsiung , Taiwan , all of which are in East and Southeast Asia . The port of Singapore is the world's second-busiest port in terms of total shipping tonnage, it also transships

2548-535: Is the main route carrier at EMA by far with 20 flights per night, UPS have 6, and TNT have 2 (Belfast and Liège); for hubs in Europe, DHL flies to Leipzig , UPS to Cologne , and TNT at Liège . Smaller airports in the region include Retford Gamston Airport , Nottingham Airport , Leicester Airport , Hucknall Airfield , Sywell Aerodrome , Bruntingthorpe Aerodrome and Humberside Airport . Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield lies just outside

2639-401: Is the port where cruise ship passengers board (or embark ) to start their cruise and disembark the cruise ship at the end of their cruise. It is also where the cruise ship's supplies are loaded for the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits, vegetables, champagne, and any other supplies needed for the cruise. "Cruise home ports" are very busy places during the day

2730-400: Is the region's biggest public airport, used by over 4 million passengers annually. Rivalry between the region's three biggest cities has led to a long-running discussion about the identity of both the airport, and region, with the East Midlands rarely found on any non-political map of the UK. The name was at one point changed to Nottingham East Midlands Airport so as to include the name of

2821-658: Is the second-largest freight airport in the UK after Heathrow , but most freight from EMA is carried on dedicated planes, whereas most freight from Heathrow is carried on passenger planes (bellyhold). Royal Mail have their main airport hubs at Heathrow and EMA, as EMA is conveniently near the M1 , A42 and A50 . Heathrow takes some 60 per cent of UK air freight, and EMA some 10 per cent, with Stansted, Manchester and Gatwick next. Air freight has grown at EMA from 1994 to 2004 from about 10,000 to over 250,000 tonnes. The main hours of cargo flying are from 20:00–05:00; domestic cargo flies into

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2912-464: Is when a native species with no natural predator is all of a sudden prey of an invasive specie. Indirect interaction can be diseases or other health conditions brought by invasive species. Ports are also a source of increased air pollution as a result of ships and land transportation at the port. Transportation corridors around ports have higher exhaust emissions and this can have related health effects on local communities. Water quality around ports

3003-1013: The A180 to Grimsby, thus linking the docks with Scunthorpe and the industrial towns and cities of South Yorkshire . The A16 joins Grimsby with Boston (via Louth ), while the A52 links Boston and Skegness. Skegness itself lies at the eastern end of the A158 to Lincoln . The coast is served by the Grimsby branch of the Sheffield to Lincoln line , the Cleethorpes-Barton line , and the Grantham to Skegness line . There are railway stations at Barrow , Barton , Boston , Cleethorpes , Grimsby ( docks and town ), New Holland and Skegness . Lincolnshire RoadCar (now owned by Stagecoach ) runs regular InterConnect buses linking

3094-856: The Charnwood Forest north of Peterborough , Leicester , and in the Lincolnshire Wolds . The region's major rivers, the Nene , the Soar , the Trent , and the Welland , flow in a northeasterly direction towards the Humber and the Wash . The Derwent , conversely, rises in the High Peak before flowing south to join the Trent some 2 miles (3 km) before its conflux with the Soar, and

3185-641: The English Civil War were the Battle of Naseby in northern Northamptonshire on 14 June 1645, and the Battle of Winceby on 11 October 1643 in eastern Lincolnshire. Isaac Newton , born in Grantham in 1642, is perhaps the most prolific scientist. His accomplishments include calculus , Newton's laws of motion , and Newton's law of universal gravitation , among many others. There is a shopping centre named in his honour in Grantham. Thomas Simpson from Leicestershire

3276-494: The Fosse Way , which has linked the south-western and north-eastern parts of England since Roman times. The A43 dual carriageway connects the East Midlands via the M40 motorway corridor with the university city of Oxford , as well as South of England and Solent ports further afield. The historically important A5 runs along the south-west Leicestershire boundary to the south of Lutterworth and Hinckley . The A14 runs through

3367-633: The London Gateway . Ideally, a port will grant easy navigation to ships, and will give shelter from wind and waves. Ports are often on estuaries, where the water may be shallow and may need regular dredging . Deep water ports such as Milford Haven are less common, but can handle larger ships with a greater draft, such as super tankers , Post-Panamax vessels and large container ships . Other businesses such as regional distribution centres , warehouses and freight-forwarders, canneries and other processing facilities find it advantageous to be located within

3458-653: The National Inventors Hall of Fame . Don Grierson at the University of Nottingham was the first to produce a Genetically modified tomato , which became the first GM food on sale in the UK and in the United States. Louis Essen , a Nottingham physicist, made advances in the quartz clock in the 1930s at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington, to produce the quartz ring clock in 1938, and

3549-576: The North Midlands has been proposed, but this has not taken off. In Bassetlaw , the most northern local authority in the East Midlands area, many of the shared services such as NHS are with South Yorkshire, not with other Midlands areas. The television signal comes mainly from the Emley Moor transmitting station , which broadcasts local news from BBC Look North and Calendar News. And its officially designated BBC Local Radio station in terms of radio coverage

3640-590: The Northampton Loop of the West Coast Main Line . England's primary south-west to north-east Cross Country Route runs through Derby and Chesterfield. Worksop , Mansfield , Lincoln , Matlock , Melton Mowbray , Skegness , Boston , Spalding and Oakham are served by regional services The Chiltern Main Line also serves the western fringe of the region, at Kings's Sutton . A land speed record for trains

3731-514: The Port of Buenos Aires in Argentina. East Midlands The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England . It comprises the eastern half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands . It consists of Derbyshire , Leicestershire , Lincolnshire (except for North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire ), Northamptonshire , Nottinghamshire , and Rutland . The region has

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3822-509: The Red Sea . Along with the finding of harbor structures, ancient anchors have also been found. Other ancient ports include Guangzhou during Qin dynasty China and Canopus , the principal Egyptian port for Greek trade before the foundation of Alexandria . In ancient Greece, Athens' port of Piraeus was the base for the Athenian fleet which played a crucial role in the Battle of Salamis against

3913-610: The University of Cambridge is named after a relative . Herbert Spencer coined the term " survival of the fittest " in 1864, which was once strongly linked with social Darwinism . Sir John Flamsteed was the first Astronomer Royal of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich in 1675. Robert Bakewell , of Dishley in Leicestershire and known for his English Leicester sheep , arrived at selective breeding ; his English Longhorn were

4004-626: The Witham flows in an arch, first north to Lincoln before heading south to the Wash. The centre of the East Midlands area lies roughly between Bingham , Nottinghamshire and Bottesford , Leicestershire. The geographical centre of England lies in Higham on the Hill in west Leicestershire , close to the boundary between the Leicestershire and Warwickshire. Some 88 per cent of the land is rural in character, although agriculture accounts for less than three per cent of

4095-412: The aggregates produced in the region, 25 per cent are from Derbyshire and four per cent from Leicestershire. Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire each produce around 30 per cent of the region's sand and gravel output. Barwell in Leicestershire was the site of Britain's largest meteorite (7 kg; 15 lb) on 24 December 1965. The 2008 Lincolnshire earthquake was 5.2 in magnitude . Areas of

4186-469: The caesium-133 atom. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), in Paris, takes the average of 300 atomic clocks around the world. On the early morning of Tuesday 26 February 1935 the radio transmitter at Daventry was used for what became known as the " Daventry Experiment " which involved the first-ever practical demonstration of radar , by its inventor Robert Watson-Watt and Arnold Frederic Wilkins . They used

4277-463: The hydrogen-bonding mechanism between DNA bases , allowing the structure of DNA to be discovered. Nottinghamshire's Ken Richardson was in charge of the team at Pfizer in Sandwich, Kent that in 1981 discovered Fluconazole (Diflucan), the world's leading antifungal medication , especially useful for those with weakened immune systems . It has few side effects. Richardson is now one of the few Britons in

4368-584: The land reclamation reclaimed Lincolnshire Marsh are pretty much at sea level, while in the south the Fens give way to acres of salt marshes . The tide is prevented from re-flooding the land by miles of man-made earth sea banks . Looking inland from any point on the coast between Grimsby and Boston, the nearest visible geographical feature is a low line of hills , the Lincolnshire Wolds . There are more than thirty miles of sandy beaches (in an unbroken line from Cleethorpes to Gibraltar Point ), which give way in

4459-468: The "bulk" or "break bulk ports". Ports that handle containerized cargo are known as container ports . Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very specific as to what cargo they handle. Additionally, individual cargo ports may be divided into different operating terminals which handle the different types of cargoes, and may be operated by different companies, also known as terminal operators, or stevedores . A cruise home port

4550-801: The Berber Islamic voyager Abu Abdullah ibn Battuta . Many of these ancient sites no longer exist or function as modern ports. Even in more recent times, ports sometimes fall out of use. Rye, East Sussex , was an important English port in the Middle Ages, but the coastline changed and it is now 2 miles (3.2 km) from the sea, while the ports of Ravenspurn and Dunwich have been lost to coastal erosion . Whereas early ports tended to be just simple harbours, modern ports tend to be multimodal distribution hubs , with transport links using sea, river, canal, road, rail and air routes. Successful ports are located to optimize access to an active hinterland , such as

4641-575: The East Midlands designated by the East Midlands Biodiversity Partnership as Biodiversity Conservation Areas include: Areas of the East Midlands designated by the East Midlands Biodiversity Partnership as Biodiversity Enhancement Areas include: Two of the nationally designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty are: Several towns in the southern part of the region, including Market Harborough, Desborough, Rothwell, Corby, Kettering, Thrapston, Oundle and Stamford, lie within

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4732-917: The East Midlands in South Yorkshire . Three of the United Kingdom's mainline railways serve the region: the Midland Main Line , the East Coast Main Line , and the West Coast Main Line ( Northampton Loop ) providing services terminating at London St Pancras , London King's Cross and London Euston respectively. The three lines provide regular high-speed services to London , at up to 125 mph (200 km/h), serving Wellingborough , Kettering , Corby , Market Harborough , Leicester , Loughborough , Derby , East Midlands Parkway , Nottingham , Chesterfield , Grantham , Newark North Gate and Retford . Northampton and Long Buckby are served by

4823-445: The East Midlands tend to identify themselves either on a county or town basis, regarding the East Midlands as simply a bureaucratic area that lumps together dissimilar places. In the North of the region, in areas such as North Nottinghamshire and North Derbyshire, people culturally identify as Northerners. For example, a study by YouGov in 2018 found that a quarter of the inhabitants of the region identified as Northerners. A new area of

4914-434: The Humber, Donna Nook NNR (a major pupping ground for Britain's grey seal population), Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe Dunes NNR (all managed by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust ), and Frampton Marsh and Freiston Shore RSPB reserves. Seaport A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on

5005-415: The Netherlands. Ports with international traffic have customs facilities. The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for different types of facilities handling ocean-going vessels, and river port is used for river traffic, such as barges and other shallow-draft vessels. An inland port is a port on a navigable lake, river ( fluvial port), or canal with access to a sea or ocean, which therefore allows

5096-454: The Persians in 480 BCE. In ancient India from 3700 BCE, Lothal was a prominent city of the Indus valley civilisation, located in the Bhal region of the modern state of Gujarāt . Ostia Antica was the port of ancient Rome with Portus established by Claudius and enlarged by Trajan to supplement the nearby port of Ostia. In Japan, during the Edo period , the island of Dejima was the only port open for trade with Europe and received only

5187-436: The Romans, the area was settled by Angles , a Germanic people who gave the East Midlands most of the place-names it has today. They eventually founded the Kingdom of Mercia, meaning "borderlands," as it borders the Welsh people to the west. The region also corresponds to the later Five Boroughs of the Danelaw , the area that Vikings from Denmark controlled. In about 917 the region was subdivided between Danelaw (Vikings) to

5278-483: The U.S., Manzanillo in Mexico and Vancouver in Canada. Panama also has the Panama Canal that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, and is a key conduit for international trade. The largest port in Oceania is the Port of Melbourne . According to ECLAC 's "Maritime and Logistics Profile of Latin America and the Caribbean", the largest ports in South America are the Port of Santos in Brazil, Cartagena in Colombia, Callao in Peru, Guayaquil in Ecuador, and

5369-428: The UK, both the ports of Liverpool and Southampton were once significant in the transatlantic passenger liner business. Once airliner traffic decimated that trade, both ports diversified to container cargo and cruise ships. Up until the 1950s the Port of London was a major international port on the River Thames , but changes in shipping and the use of containers and larger ships have led to its decline. Thamesport ,

5460-452: The airport in the evening, then from 23:30 to 01:30 cargo flies to European capitals and from 03:00–05:00 from Europe to EMA. It is the UK's twelfth-largest passenger airport; the runway is the UK's sixth-longest at 2,900 metres (9,500 ft). Royal Mail flights from EMA go to Belfast , Edinburgh , Inverness , Aberdeen , Newcastle , Exeter and Bournemouth , and it is the largest UK Royal Mail air hub, with eleven flights per night. DHL

5551-413: The beginnings of Received Pronunciation and southern England accents. However, spoken dialect and accent in the northern area of the East Midlands is far more similar to Northern English. Identity There is no modern Midlander, or East Midlander, identity. As Robert Shore wrote: "no one is more sceptical about the existence of an overarching Midland identity than Midlanders themselves." Inhabitants of

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5642-502: The boundaries of what was once Rockingham Forest – designated a royal forest by William the Conqueror and was long hunted by English kings and queens. The National Forest is an environmental project in central England run by The National Forest Company. Areas of north Leicestershire, south Derbyshire and south-east Staffordshire covering around 200 square miles (520 km ; 52,000 ha) are being planted in an attempt to blend ancient woodland with new plantings. It stretches from

5733-399: The caesium clock, known as the atomic clock , in 1955. During the war he invented the cavity resonance wavemeter to find the first accurate value of the speed of light. The atomic clock works on differences in magnetic spin . Before Essen's invention, the second was defined in terms of the orbit of the Earth round the Sun ; he changed it in 1967 to be based on the hyperfine structure of

5824-416: The cities themselves. Even though modern ships tend to have bow-thrusters and stern-thrusters, many port authorities still require vessels to use pilots and tugboats for manoeuvering large ships in tight quarters. For instance, ships approaching the Belgian port of Antwerp , an inland port on the River Scheldt , are obliged to use Dutch pilots when navigating on that part of the estuary that belongs to

5915-460: The city that is supposedly most internationally recognisable. However, the airport has a Derby phone number and postcode, and is in Leicestershire, but is officially assigned to Nottingham by IATA . As a result of the dispute, the name change reverted. Three of the world's four main international air-freight companies (integrators) have their UK operations at EMA: DHL , UPS and TNT Express (TNT bought by UPS); FedEx have theirs at Stansted . It

6006-436: The coast it is possible to see the curvature of the earth's surface. Tourism is still important for the area around Skegness – tens of thousands of holiday-makers and day-trippers from the industrial East Midlands ( Mansfield , Nottingham ) and South Yorkshire visit the town each year. The town has been home since 1936 to Sir Billy Butlin 's first Butlins holiday camp , and the stretch of coast just north of Skegness has

6097-413: The cruise ship is in port, because off-going passengers debark their baggage and on-coming passengers board the ship in addition to all the supplies being loaded. Cruise home ports tend to have large passenger terminals to handle the large number of passengers passing through the port. The busiest cruise home port in the world is the Port of Miami , Florida . A port of call is an intermediate stop for

6188-401: The experiment persuaded the British government to fund the development of a network of full scale radar stations on the south coast of England, which became known as Chain Home , which provided a decisive advantage to the RAF in the Battle of Britain in 1940. Language and dialect Parts of the East Midlands use a distinctive form of spoken dialect and accent. It also has some history in

6279-434: The first ever cattle bred for beef . George Boole , pioneer of Boolean logic (upon which all digital electronics and computers depend), was born in Lincoln in 1815. The application of Boole's theory to digital circuit design would come in 1937 by Claude Shannon . Boole's grandson, the physicist G. I. Taylor , made significant experimental contributions to quantum mechanics . The first practical demonstration of radar

6370-405: The fish sold there is landed at Grimsby Docks. Despite the decline in fishing, the ports of Grimsby and Immingham are still a vital link in the UK's transport infrastructure (see below). There is a wind farm near Mablethorpe, which generates 0.6 MW of electricity. Lincolnshire's only stretch of motorway , the M180 , terminates near the village of Barnetby le Wold , but the road continues as

6461-444: The greatest concentration of static caravans in Europe . Farming , the mainstay of the Lincolnshire economy, takes place right under the shadow of the sea walls. Grimsby is a centre for the UK's frozen food import and processing industry. It is known colloquially as The UK's (or Europe's ) Food Town . Though the fishing industry has declined since the 1970s, Grimsby still has the UK's largest fish market , though little of

6552-401: The largest water capacity in England, although it is not the longest. Several rivers in the region gave their name to early Rolls-Royce jet engines, namely the Nene , the Welland , and the Soar . Nottingham is the only city in the region served by a light railway system, operated by Nottingham Express Transit . As part of the transport planning system, the now defunct Regional Assembly

6643-462: The north and south to acres of salt marsh and estuarine mud . The rivers Great Eau , Lud , Nene , Steeping , Welland and Witham all drain into the North Sea from Lincolnshire. The Humber (and its tributary the Trent ) form the northern and western boundaries of the county. Owing to the combined sediment carried by the Humber and the rivers of the Wash, and to the muddy clay sea floor,

6734-618: The north of Northamptonshire , serving the settlements of Kettering and Corby alongside surrounding areas, and is a major route between the region and the East of England , including the university city of Cambridge , and the major port of Felixstowe . East Midlands Airport in North West Leicestershire is situated in proximity to the region's largest cities; some 14 miles from the centres of Derby and Nottingham , with central Leicester being some 21 miles away and Lincoln further north east being 43 miles away. The airport

6825-512: The north, and Mercia (Anglo-Saxons) to the south. By 920 this border had moved north to the River Humber . Evidence of the Danelaw can be seen in place-name endings of the region's villages, particularly towards the east. The Danes under Canute recaptured the area between about 1016 and 1035, but it came back under English control after Canute's death that same year. The region's two main battles in

6916-574: The open sea , is often considered a coastal town. Boston Haven , a tidal stretch of the River Witham , made Boston one of the most significant ports in England between the 11th and 17th centuries. Boston was a " staple town " and a member of the Hanseatic League . The character of Lincolnshire as it meets the sea is overwhelmingly flat. In the north of the county, the Humberhead Levels and

7007-615: The port. There are several initiatives to decrease negative environmental impacts of ports. The World Port Sustainability Program points to all of the Sustainable Development Goals as potential ways of addressing port sustainability. These include SIMPYC , the World Ports Climate Initiative , the African Green Port Initiative , EcoPorts and Green Marine . The port of Shanghai

7098-621: The region are Derby , Leicester , Lincoln and Nottingham . The largest towns in these counties are Boston , Chesterfield , Coalville , Corby , Glossop , Grantham , Kettering , Loughborough , Northampton , Mansfield , Oakham , Swadlincote and Wellingborough . The highest point at 636 m (2,087 ft) is Kinder Scout , in the Peak District of the southern Pennines in northwest Derbyshire near Glossop . Other hilly areas of 95 to 280 m (312 to 919 ft) in altitude, together with lakes and reservoirs, rise in and around

7189-520: The region is growing at 2% per year – the highest growth rate of all UK regions. It is estimated that about 140,000 heavy goods vehicle journeys are made inside the region each day. The M1 (part of the E13 European route) serves the four largest urban areas in the region and affords a motorway link between London , Yorkshire , and North East England . Additionally, the M6 begins on the south-western edge of

7280-639: The region's jobs. Church Flatts Farm in Coton in the Elms , South Derbyshire, is the furthest place from the sea in the UK (70 miles; 110 km). In April 1936 the first Ordnance Survey trig point was sited at Cold Ashby in Northamptonshire . The Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts and The Wildlife Trusts are based next to the River Trent and Newark Castle railway station. The National Centre for Earth Observation

7371-589: The region, providing links to the West Midlands and North West England . Both connect to other major routes providing further links to other parts of the UK. To the east of the largest cities lies the A1 (part of the European route E15 ), which is important for journeys to and from ports on England's north-east coast and the capital, and is a major artery for the United Kingdom's agricultural industry. The A46 largely follows

7462-525: The terminus of the Alaska Pipeline owe their very existence to being ice-free ports. The Baltic Sea and similar areas have ports available year-round beginning in the 20th century thanks to icebreakers , but earlier access problems prompted Russia to expand its territory to the Black Sea . A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or rail to a seaport and operating as

7553-438: The threat of inundation of low-lying areas by a rising sea in an era of global warming worries many residents of the Lincolnshire coast. In an effort to combat this threat (and that to wildlife of coastal squeeze ), parts of the sea bank are deliberately being breached, and areas of the coast converted back to salt marsh in a process of " managed retreat ". From the shoreline of Sutton on Sea and various other places along

7644-434: The towns of the east coast with the other major population centres of Lincolnshire - the bus network is of vital importance in a rural county poorly-served by the railway network, and with an elderly population living in remote, scattered villages. Grimsby and Immingham are major ports (together, they handle some 55.9 million tonnes of cargo per annum – the largest port in the UK in terms of tonnage); The port of Boston

7735-414: The water column, and can stir up pollutants captured in the sediments. Invasive species are often spread by the bilge water and species attached to the hulls of ships. It is estimated that there are over 7000 invasive species transported in bilge water around the world on a daily basis Invasive species can have direct or indirect interactions with native sea life. Direct interaction such as predation,

7826-518: The waters off Lincolnshire are usually an opaque brown . From prehistory , the Lincolnshire coast was an important centre for the production of salt . At its peak in the 1950s, Grimsby was the largest and busiest fishing port in the world. In 1953, a storm tide overwhelmed Lincolnshire's sea defences, and the county was flooded as far inland as Alford . More than 300 people were killed in Lincolnshire and neighbouring counties. Coastal defences (sea banks) were extensively rebuilt after 1953, but

7917-599: The western outskirts of Leicester in the east to Burton upon Trent in the west, and is planned to link the ancient forests of Needwood and Charnwood. Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire attracts many visitors, and is perhaps best known for its ties with the legend of Robin Hood . Regional financial funding decisions for the East Midlands are taken by East Midlands Councils , based in Melton Mowbray . East Midlands Councils

8008-766: The world's ports have somewhat embedded technology, if not for full leadership. However, thanks to global government initiatives and exponential growth in maritime trade, the number of intelligent ports has gradually increased. A report by business intelligence provider Visiongain assessed that Smart Ports Market spending would reach $ 1.5 bn in 2019. Ports and their operation are often a cause of environmental issues, such as sediment contamination and spills from ships and are susceptible to larger environmental issues, such as human caused climate change and its effects. Every year 100 million cubic metres of marine sediment are dredged to improve waterways around ports. Dredging, in its practice, disturbs local ecosystems, brings sediments into

8099-545: Was broken in the region. Although the record was set in 1938, the current world speed record for steam trains is held by 4468 Mallard , which clocked 126 mph (203 km/h) between Grantham and Peterborough , pulling six coaches on the East Coast Main Line near Little Bytham in Lincolnshire, on 3 July 1938. The Mallard record was unbroken by any British rail train until 6 June 1973, when an InterCity 125 between Northallerton and Thirsk reached 131 mph (211 km/h). Mallard in 1938 had six carriages and

8190-546: Was near Daventry in 1935. Robert Robinson , of Chesterfield in Derbyshire, invented the circular symbol in 1925 for the pi bonds of the benzene ring, as found on all structural diagrams of aromatic compounds . Nicola Pellow , a maths undergraduate at Leicester Polytechnic, whilst at CERN in November 1990, wrote the world's second web browser. Silicone was discovered in 1899 by Prof Frederic Kipping at University College, Nottingham. Michael Creeth of Northampton discovered

8281-735: Was under statutory requirement to produce a Regional Transport Strategy to provide long term planning for transport in the region. This involved region wide transport schemes such as those carried out by the Highways Agency and Network Rail . Local transport authorities in the region carry out planning through a Local Transport Plan (LTP) . The most recent LTPs are for the period 2006–11. The following East Midland transport authorities published an LTP online: Derbyshire , Leicestershire . Lincolnshire , Northamptonshire , Nottinghamshire and Rutland U.A. The unitary authorities of Derby , Leicester and Nottingham They have each written

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