Electronic data interchange ( EDI ) is the concept of businesses electronically communicating information that was traditionally communicated on paper, such as purchase orders, advance ship notices, and invoices. Technical standards for EDI exist to facilitate parties transacting such instruments without having to make special arrangements.
116-574: DP World London Gateway is a port within the wider Port of London , on the north bank of the River Thames in Thurrock , Essex . Opened in November 2013, the site is a fully integrated logistics facility, consisting of a semi-automated deep-sea container terminal which is on the same site as a land bank for the development of warehousing, distribution facilities, and ancillary logistics services. The facility
232-471: A day's work; and a day's work could be 24 hours of continuous labouring. In addition, the work itself was incredibly dangerous. A docker would suffer a fatal injury from falling cargo almost every week during 1900, and non-fatal injuries were even more frequent. The London dockers handled exotic imports such as precious stones, African ivory, Indian spices, and Jamaican rum that they could never dream of purchasing themselves, and so robberies were very common on
348-575: A deep water channel, added the King George V Dock (1920) to the Royal group, and made continuous improvements to the other enclosed dock systems throughout the first two-thirds of the 20th century. This culminated in expansion of Tilbury in the late 1960s to become a major container port (the UK's largest in the early 1970s), together with a huge riverside grain terminal and mechanised facilities for timber handling. Under
464-507: A few barriers to adopting electronic data interchange. One of the most significant barriers is the accompanying business process change. Existing business processes built around paper handling may not be suited for EDI and would require changes to accommodate automated processing of business documents. For example, a business may receive the bulk of their goods by 1 or 2-day shipping and all of their invoices by mail. The existing process may, therefore, assume that goods are typically received before
580-640: A gateway for different transmission methods, and handling telecommunications support. Because of these and other services VANs provide, businesses frequently use a VAN even when both trading partners are using Internet-based protocols. Healthcare clearinghouses perform many of the same functions as a VAN, but have additional legal restrictions. VANs may be operated by various entities: It is important to note that there are key trade-offs between VANs and Direct EDI, and in many instances, organizations exchanging EDI documents can in fact use both in concert, for different aspects of their EDI implementations. For example, in
696-565: A joint venture between contractors Laing O’Rourke and Dredging International. The first three of eight new quay cranes arrived in March 2013. Manufactured in Shanghai by ZPMC , they weigh 1,848 tonnes (1,819 long tons), have a boom which at 138 metres (453 ft) high is taller than the London Eye , can reach across 25 containers, and can lift up to 80 tonnes (79 long tons). By September 2015 two of
812-585: A joint venture partnership to construct a 316,000-square-foot (29,400 m), high-spec distribution facility at DP World London Gateway Logistics Park. DP World London Gateway is located on the 1,500-acre (6.1 km) former Shell Haven site, which closed in 1999. Close to DP World London Gateway at the Medway Estuary , on the south-east side of the Isle of Grain , is the Hutchison Whampoa -owned Thamesport ,
928-607: A modem-pool that all of its hundreds of suppliers are required to dial into to perform EDI. However, if a supplier does business with several manufacturers, it may need to acquire a different modem (or VPN device, etc.) and different software for each one. As EDI and web technology have evolved, new EDI software technologies have emerged to facilitate direct (also known as point-to-point) EDI between trading partners. Modern EDI software can facilitate exchanges using any number of different file transmission protocols and EDI document standards, reducing costs and barriers to entry. To address
1044-459: A new facility facing a lot of inertia from users. DP World reported London Gateway throughput of 1,804,871 TEU in 2021, a 15% increase on the annual record set the previous year. Construction began in February 2010, and was expected to take several years, with the port and logistics park completed in stages. The first stage of construction was a £400 million dredging and reclamation programme, led by
1160-431: A number of flexible warehousing solutions, integrated with the port and the rail terminal. This includes options to occupy speculatively built facilities on site or to work with an on-site team to develop bespoke buildings of any size, for manufacturing, distribution or storage. DP World London Gateway Logistics Park is covered by a Local Development Order which enables planning consent for certain types of new facilities on
1276-566: A paper document used for the same organizational function. For example, an EDI 940 ship-from-warehouse order is used by a manufacturer to tell a warehouse to ship a product to a retailer. It typically has a 'ship-to' address, a 'bill-to' address, and a list of product numbers (usually a UPC ) and quantities. Another example is the set of messages between sellers and buyers, such as request for quotation (RFQ), bid in response to RFQ, purchase order, purchase order acknowledgement, shipping notice, receiving advice, invoice, and payment advice. However, EDI
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#17328374278861392-509: A particular business document exchange. For other large companies, they may create separate EDI guidelines for each branch/division. Trading partners are free to use any method for the transmission of documents (as described above in the Transmission protocols section). Further, they can either interact directly or through an intermediary. Trading partners can connect directly to each other. For example, an automotive manufacturer might maintain
1508-521: A phenomenal increase in both overseas and coastal trade in the second half of the 18th century. Two-thirds of coastal vessels using the Pool were colliers meeting an increase in the demand for coal as the population of London rose. Coastal trade virtually doubled between 1750 and 1796 reaching 11,964 vessels in 1795. In overseas trade, in 1751 the pool handled 1,682 ships and 234,639 tons of goods. By 1794, this had risen to 3,663 ships and 620,845 tons. By this time,
1624-426: A public trust established in 1908; while mainly responsible for coordination and enforcement of activities it also has some minor operations of its own. The port can handle cruise liners, roll-on roll-off ferries and cargo of all types at the larger facilities in its eastern extent. As with many similar historic European ports, such as Antwerp and Rotterdam , many activities have steadily moved downstream towards
1740-447: A sequence of messages between two parties, either of whom may serve as originator or recipient. The formatted data representing the documents may be transmitted from originator to recipient via telecommunications or physically transported on electronic storage media." It distinguished mere electronic communication or data exchange, specifying that "in EDI, the usual processing of received messages
1856-456: A small but well-established container terminal. The Tilbury container port on the north bank, upriver of London Gateway, was previously partially owned by DP World, but was sold shortly before the development initially opened. DP World received Government approval for the development of the Port and Logistics Park, identified by Prime Minister Gordon Brown as one of the four economic hubs needed for
1972-530: A smaller W8 loading gauge clearance, requiring the use of specially designed low-liner wagons to accommodate the taller containers. The rail terminal, operated by GB Railfreight , is served by three rail-mounted gantry cranes which move containers between ground-based cassettes and wagons. The first rail freight service from the UK to China departed from the DP World London Gateway terminal on 10 April 2017. The three-week-long journey (19 days) took
2088-408: A standard data transformation language such as XSLT . The final step is to import the transformed file (or database) into the company's back-end system. For an "outbound" document, the process for integrated EDI is to export a file (or read a database) from a company's information systems and transform the file to the appropriate format for the translator. The translation software will then "validate"
2204-439: A winter day.. .. Three more power stations, at Belvedere (Oil-firing), and Northfleet and West Thurrock (coal-firing), are being built. This coal was handled directly by riverside coal handling facilities, rather than the docks. For example, Beckton Gas Works had two large piers which dealt with both its own requirements and with the transfer of coal to lighters for delivery to other gasworks. A considerable proportion of
2320-475: Is a business document) can be tracked to ensure that they are not lost. In the case of a retailer sending a Purchase Order to a supplier, if the Purchase Order is "lost" anywhere in the business process, the effect is devastating to both businesses. To the supplier, they do not fulfil the order as they have not received it thereby losing business and damaging the business relationship with their retail client. For
2436-400: Is a semi-automated facility. It uses robotic, automated stacking cranes to assist with managing containers as they are moved from ship-to-shore cranes and onto and off trucks and trains. Twelve quay cranes (also known as ship-to-shore cranes), among the largest in the world and built by ZPMC , are installed along 1200m of developed quayside that has a water depth of 17m alongside. This enables
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#17328374278862552-655: Is a wholly owned subsidiary of DP World London Gateway's sister terminal, DP World Southampton . Road distribution is via the A13 to Junction 30 of the M25 motorway or via the A13 to the A130 and A12. As part of construction of the port, DP World London Gateway has invested significantly into improving road access to the facility. It increased capacity at the A13/Manorway junction, the main interchange for
2668-507: Is an inbound document in relation to the warehouse computer system. It is an outbound document in relation to the manufacturer or dealer that transmitted the document. EDI and other similar technologies save costs for businesses by providing an alternative to, or replacement for, information flows which would require a great deal of human interaction and paper documents. Even when paper documents are maintained in parallel with EDI exchange, e.g. printed shipping manifests, electronic exchange and
2784-458: Is by computer only. Human intervention in the processing of a received message is typically intended only for error conditions, for quality review, and for special situations. For example, the transmission of binary or textual data is not EDI as defined here unless the data are treated as one or more data elements of an EDI message and are not normally intended for human interpretation as part of online data processing." In short, EDI can be defined as
2900-479: Is important to select the correct level of integration to match the business requirement. For a business with relatively few transactions with EDI-based partners, it may make sense for businesses to implement inexpensive "rip and read" solutions, where the EDI format is printed out in human-readable form, and people — rather than computers — respond to the transaction. Another alternative is outsourced EDI solutions provided by EDI "Service Bureaus". For other businesses,
3016-443: Is located 30 miles (48 km) east of central London . The deep-water port is able to handle some of the largest container ships in the world. On a weekly basis, the port is now linked with 51 countries and more than 90 ports all over the world, including Asia , Australia , the US , South America , Africa , India , and Southern Europe . The largest ships anchor off Suffolk to await
3132-482: Is not confined to just business data related to trade but encompasses all fields such as medicine (e.g., patient records and laboratory results), transport (e.g., container and modal information), engineering and construction, etc. In some cases, EDI will be used to create a new business information flow (that was not a paper flow before). This is the case in the Advanced Shipment Notification (ASN) which
3248-405: Is one of the most challenging EDI management tasks. Companies must develop and maintain EDI maps for each of their trading partners (and sometimes multiple EDI maps for each trading partner based on their order fulfilment requirements). EDI translation software provides the interface between internal systems and the EDI format sent/received. For an "inbound" document, the EDI solution will receive
3364-730: Is that part of the River Thames in England lying between Teddington Lock and the defined boundary (since 1968, a line drawn from Foulness Point in Essex via Gunfleet Old Lighthouse to Warden Point in Kent ) with the North Sea and including any associated docks. Once the largest port in the world, it was the United Kingdom's largest port as of 2020. Usage is largely governed by the Port of London Authority ("PLA"),
3480-432: Is the predominant reason why many organizations also implement an EDI software solution or eventually migrate to one for some or all of their EDI. On the other hand, implementing EDI software can be a challenging process, depending on the complexity of the use case, technologies involved and availability of EDI expertise. In addition, there are ongoing maintenance requirements and updates to consider. For example, EDI mapping
3596-508: The British Trades Union movement, leading to the betterment of labourers across London. Alongside the docks many port industries developed, some of which (notably sugar refining , edible oil processing , vehicle manufacture and lead smelting ) survive today. Other industries have included iron working, casting of brass and bronze, shipbuilding , timber, grain, cement and paper milling, armament manufacture, etc. London dominated
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3712-542: The IETF has published several informational documents (the "Applicability Statements"; see below under Protocols ) describing ways to use standard internet protocols for EDI. As of 2002, Walmart has pushed AS2 for EDI. Because of its significant presence in the global supply chain, AS2 has become a commonly adopted approach for EDI. Organizations that send or receive documents from each other are referred to as "trading partners" in EDI terminology. The trading partners agree on
3828-727: The Port of Tilbury Police (formed in 1992 and a remnant of the old PLA force). The Metropolitan police have a special Marine Support Unit , formerly known as the Thames Division, which patrol and police the Thames in the Greater London area. A sixth police force in the Port may be established with the creation of the London Gateway port. 51°30′N 0°03′E / 51.5°N 0.05°E / 51.5; 0.05 Electronic data interchange EDI has existed at least since
3944-496: The financial crisis of 2007–2010 and associated financial problems for DP World's owners Dubai World . In January 2010 DP World announced its intention to seek a share listing on the London Stock Exchange in the second quarter of 2010, and was given the go-ahead for construction of the port. However, the port's development has not come without challenges. Despite growing steadily since 2013, attracting services to call at
4060-500: The 1990s, and bulk paper import at Convoy's Wharf in Deptford until 2000. The wider port continued to be a major centre for trade and industry, with oil and gas terminals at Coryton , Shell Haven and Canvey in Essex and the Isle of Grain in Kent. In 1992 Government privatisation policy led to Tilbury becoming a free port . The PLA ceased to be a port operator, retaining the role of managing
4176-548: The 2nd and 3rd centuries, and saw its final demise in the early 5th century with the decline in trade activity due to the Roman departure from Britain . The changes made to the banks along the port made by the Romans are so substantial and long-lasting that it was hard to tell where the natural waterfront really began. However, the harbour within the Roman town was already in decline at the end of
4292-551: The 2nd century AD. It seems likely that a proper port developed at about this time at Shadwell , about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the Roman town London became a very important trading port for the Romans at its height in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The harbour town grew and expanded quickly. The lavish nature of goods traded in London shaped the extravagant lifestyle of its citizens and the city flourished under Roman colonization. The Roman expansion of port facilities and organisation of
4408-552: The Caribbean, United States, Australia, South Africa, Russia and the Mediterranean. Full development of the port – berths four, five and six – will be completed in line with market demand. With six deep-sea berths, 2700 m of linear quayside and 24 quay cranes, the port will have an annual capacity of 3.5 million TEU. It is estimated that when the port is fully operational it will save 65 million HGV -miles and take 2,000 trucks off
4524-583: The Clyde and other centres from the mid-19th century. This also affected an attempt by Henry Bessemer to establish steel-making on the Greenwich Peninsula in the 1860s. The last major warship, HMS Thunderer , was launched in 1911. The volume of shipping in the Port of London supported a very extensive ship repairing industry. In 1864, when most ships coming in were built of wood and powered by sail, there were 33 ship-repairing dry docks. The largest of these
4640-459: The EDI documents themselves still remain. In 2002, the IETF published RFC 3335, offering a standardized, secure method of transferring EDI data via e-mail. On July 12, 2005, an IETF working group ratified RFC4130 for MIME -based HTTP EDIINT (a.k.a. AS2 ) transfers, and the IETF has prepared a similar RFC for FTP transfers (a.k.a. AS3 ). EDI via web services (a.k.a. AS4 ) has also been standardized by
4756-486: The EDI file sent to ensure that it meets the standard agreed upon by the trading partners, convert the file into "EDI" format (adding the appropriate identifiers and control structures) and send the file to the trading partner (using the appropriate communications protocol). Another critical component of any EDI translation software is a complete "audit" of all the steps to move business documents between trading partners. The audit ensures that any transaction (which in reality
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4872-521: The East & West India Docks Company (owners of the East India, West India, and Tilbury docks), Surrey Commercial Docks Company and London & St Katharine Docks Company (owners of the London, St Katharine and Royal docks). By the beginning of the 20th century, competition and strikes led to pressure for amalgamation. A Royal Commission led to the setting up of the Port of London Authority (PLA) in 1908. In 1909,
4988-580: The Logistics Centre. The retailer's occupation of the facility began in March 2017. In May 2018, UPS opened a 32,000-square-metre (340,000 sq ft), highly automated parcel and package sorting hub at the Logistics Park. It acts as a UK hub and distribution centre as well as a key gateway to UPS's global transport network. It will be able to process around 30,000 packages each hour. In February 2015, Prologis and DP World London Gateway announced
5104-413: The London docks. Dockers would leave work with goods hidden under their clothes, and robbers would break into warehouses at night. While tobacco, pineapples, bearskins, and other goods were all targets of thievery, the most common transgression was stealing to drink. Many reports from the early 20th century detail dockers stealing bottles of brandy or gin and drinking rather than working. More often than not,
5220-565: The London harbour have remained as the base of the London harbour. Until the beginning of the 19th century, shipping was handled entirely within the Pool of London on the stretch of the River Thames along Billingsgate on the south side of the City of London . All imported cargoes had to be delivered for inspection and assessment by Customs Officers, giving the area the name of " Legal Quays ". The Pool saw
5336-569: The OASIS standards body. While some EDI transmission has moved to these newer protocols, the providers of value-added networks remain active. As more organizations connected to the Internet, eventually most or all EDI was pushed onto it. Initially, this was through ad hoc conventions, such as unencrypted FTP of ASCII text files to a certain folder on a certain host, permitted only from certain IP addresses. However,
5452-539: The PLA has implemented a plan to safeguard 50 wharves , half above and half below the Thames Barrier . In recent years there has been a resurgence in the use of the River Thames for moving cargo between terminals within the Port of London. This is seen to be in the main part due to the environmental benefits of moving such cargo by river, and as an alternative to transporting the cargo on the congested road and rail networks of
5568-501: The PLA took control of the enclosed docks from Tower Bridge to Tilbury, with a few minor exceptions such as Poplar Dock which remained as a railway company facility. It also took over control of the river between Teddington Lock and Yantlet Creek from the City corporation which had been responsible since the 13th century. The PLA head Office at Trinity Square Gardens was built by John Mowlem & Co and completed in 1919. The PLA dredged
5684-504: The PLA, London's annual trade had grown to 60 million tons (38% of UK trade) by 1939, but was mainly transferred to the Clyde and Liverpool during World War 2. After the war, London recovered, again reaching 60 million tons in the 1960s. By 1900, the wharves and docks were receiving about 7.5 million tons of cargo each; an inevitable result of the extending reach of the British Empire. Of course, because of its size and grandeur,
5800-536: The Park to be obtained within 28 days. The Order was agreed by Thurrock Council on 4 November 2013 and signed off by the Secretary of State by 7 November 2013. The LDO covers an area of 890,000 m and is designed to enable projects to be "fast-tracked" through the planning system. The LDO is thought to be the largest of its kind in the UK. UPS obtained planning consent for its facility at the Logistics Park in just 17 days. At
5916-720: The Pool's wharves. Throughout the 19th century, a series of enclosed dock systems was built, surrounded by high walls to protect cargoes from river piracy. These included West India Docks (1802), East India Docks (1803, originating from the Brunswick Dock of 1790), London Docks (1805), Surrey Commercial Docks (1807, originating from the Howland Great Wet Dock of 1696), St Katharine Docks (1828), Royal Victoria Dock (1855), Millwall Dock (1868), Royal Albert Dock (1880), and Tilbury docks (1886). The enclosed docks were built by several rival private companies, notably
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#17328374278866032-533: The Port of London handles around 10% of the UK commercial shipping trade, and contributes £8.5 billion to the UK's economy . In addition to cargo, 37 cruise ships visited the Port in 2008. Once a major refiner of crude oil, today the port only imports refined products. The Kent ( BP ) and Shell Haven ( Shell ) refineries closed in 1982 and 1999, and Coryton in 2012. A number of upstream wharves remain in use. At Silvertown, for example, Tate & Lyle continues to operate
6148-453: The Port was a place of work for many labourers in late 19th and early 20th century London. While most of the dockers were casual labourers, there were skilled stevedores who loaded ships, and lightermen who unloaded cargo from moored boats via barges. While these specific dockhands found regular work, the average dockhand lived day to day, hoping he would be hired whenever a ship came in. Many times these workers would actually bribe simply for
6264-514: The Thames and its tributaries and canals. Major Thames-side gasworks were located at Beckton and East Greenwich , with power stations including Brimsdown , Hackney and West Ham on the River Lea and Kingston , Fulham , Lots Road , Wandsworth , Battersea , Bankside , Stepney , Deptford , Greenwich , Blackwall Point , Brunswick Wharf , Woolwich , Barking , Belvedere , Littlebrook , West Thurrock , Northfleet , Tilbury and Grain on
6380-880: The Thames. Much of the disused land of the upstream London Docklands is in the process of being developed for housing and as a second financial district for London (centred on Canary Wharf ). The Port of London today comprises over 70 independently owned terminals and port facilities, directly employing over 30,000 people. These are mainly concentrated at Purfleet (with the world's largest margarine works), Thurrock , Tilbury (the Port's current main container facility), London Gateway , Coryton and Canvey Island in Essex, Dartford and Northfleet in Kent, and Greenwich, Silvertown, Barking , Dagenham and Erith in Greater London. The Port of London handles containers , timber, paper, vehicles, aggregates , crude oil , petroleum products , liquefied petroleum gas , coal, metals, grain and other dry and liquid bulk materials. In 2012 London
6496-428: The Thames. The coal requirements of power stations and gas works constituted a large proportion of London's post-war trade. A 1959 Times article states: About two-thirds of the 20 million tons of coal entering the Thames each year is consumed in nine gas works and 17 generating stations. Beckton Gas Works carbonises an average of 4,500 tons of coal every day; the largest power stations burn about 3,000 tons during
6612-452: The U.S., the majority of EDI document exchanges use AS2, so a direct EDI setup for AS2 may make sense for a U.S.-based organization. But adding OFTP2 capabilities to communicate with a European partner may be difficult, so a VAN might make sense to handle those specific transactions, while direct EDI is used for the AS2 transactions. In many ways, a VAN acts as a service provider, simplifying much of
6728-739: The World", only 34% of purchase orders were then transmitted electronically in North America. In EMEA , 36% of orders were transmitted electronically and in APAC , 41% of orders are transmitted electronically. The report also stated that the average paper requisition to order costs a company $ 37.45 in North America, $ 42.90 in EMEA and $ 23.90 in APAC. With an EDI requisition to order, costs are reduced to $ 23.83 in North America, $ 34.05 in EMEA and $ 14.78 in APAC. There are
6844-447: The ability to expand to six. The facility uses 60 automated stacking cranes, 30 dedicated to land-side operations and 30 dedicated to ship-side operations. These cranes were also built by ZPMC, with software provided by Kalmar and Cargotec . There are 180 bays available at any one time for hauliers collecting or dropping off containers. The port also uses straddle carriers (also known as shuttle carriers), which move containers between
6960-430: The ability to ship through DP World London Gateway to and from 51 countries and more than 91 ports all over the world. THE Alliance – a container shipping consortium made up of Hapag Lloyd , NYK Line , K-Line , Mitsui-Osk Line and Yang Ming – offers services to and from Asia, including China, Vietnam and Thailand. A number of weekly services are available to and from both the east coast and west coast of South America,
7076-399: The automated container stacking area and the quay cranes. Terminal tractors and trans lifter trailers – which move cassettes, onto which containers are loaded – are used on the port's land side to move containers between the automated stacking area and the port's rail terminal and inspection facilities. An automated gate enables hauliers to access the site seamlessly, by booking a slot through
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#17328374278867192-402: The business view that EDI is a system for exchanging business documents with external entities, and integrating the data from those documents into the company's internal systems. Successful implementations of EDI take into account the effect externally generated information will have on their internal systems and validate the business information received. For example, allowing a supplier to update
7308-566: The capital. Local authorities are contributing to this increase in intraport traffic, with waste transfer and demolition rubble being taken by barges on the river. The construction of the Olympic Park and Crossrail both used the river as a means of transporting cargo and waste/excavation material, and the ongoing Thames Tideway Scheme also uses the river for these purposes, as well as for transporting of its Tunnel Boring Machines as well as temporary offices. The Crossrail project alone involved
7424-486: The consequences were harsh. Five weeks of hard labour for one bottle of Hennessy brandy was not unheard of. These conditions eventually spurred Ben Tillett to lead the London Dock strike of 1889 . The workers asked for only a minuscule increase in payment, but foremen initially refused. Over time the strike grew and eventually helped to draw attention to the poor conditions of London dockhands. The strike also revitalized
7540-415: The drop in London's trade since the 1960s is accounted for by loss of the coal trade, the gas works having closed following discovery of North Sea gas , domestic use of coal for heating being largely replaced by gas and electricity, and closure of all the coal-burning power stations above Tilbury. In 2011, when Tilbury Power Station switched fully to burning biomass, London's coal imports fell to zero. With
7656-472: The early 1970s, and there are many EDI standards (including X12 , EDIFACT , ODETTE , etc.), some of which address the needs of specific industries or regions. It also refers specifically to a family of standards. In 1996, the National Institute of Standards and Technology defined electronic data interchange as "the computer-to-computer interchange of a standardized format for data exchange. EDI implies
7772-426: The end of 2016, DP World London Gateway's Logistics Park Development Director, Oliver Treneman, established a supply chain commercial team. The supply chain commercial team is unique in the property development arena because its purpose is to work with organisations, such as retailers and manufacturers , to assist them in enhancing their distribution networks and supply chains. The first facility to be completed on
7888-448: The exchange of business documents and forms. The complete X12 Document List includes all major business documents, including purchase orders and invoices. The EDI standard prescribes mandatory and optional information for a particular document and gives the rules for the structure of the document. The standards are like building codes. Just as two kitchens can be built " to code " but look completely different, two EDI documents can follow
8004-468: The figure for intraport trade was 1.9 million tonnes, making the River Thames the busiest inland waterway in the UK. DP World 's London Gateway , opened in November 2013, is an expansion of the Port of London on the north bank of the Thames in Thurrock, Essex, 30 miles (48 km) east of central London. It is a fully integrated logistics facility, comprising a semi-automated, deep-sea container terminal on
8120-400: The file (either via a value-added network or directly using protocols such as FTP or AS2), take the received EDI file (commonly referred to as an "envelope"), and validate that the trading partner who is sending the file is a valid trading partner, that the structure of the file meets the EDI standards, and that the individual fields of information conform to the agreed-upon standards. Typically,
8236-548: The first TDCC (Transportation Data Coordinating Committee) standards in the US. Among the first integrated systems using EDI were Freight Control Systems. One such real-time system was the London Airport Cargo EDP Scheme (LACES) at Heathrow Airport, London, UK, in 1971. Implementing the direct trader input (DTI) method, it allowed forwarding agents to enter information directly into the customs processing system, reducing
8352-410: The implementation of an integrated EDI solution may be necessary as increases in trading volumes brought on by EDI force them to re-implement their order processing business processes. The key hindrance to a successful implementation of EDI is the perception many businesses have of the nature of EDI. Many view EDI from the technical perspective that EDI is a data format; it would be more accurate to take
8468-406: The invoice. With EDI, the invoice will typically be sent when the goods ship and will, therefore, require a process that handles large numbers of invoices whose corresponding goods have not yet been received. Another significant barrier is the cost in time and money in the initial setup. The preliminary expenses and time that arise from the implementation, customization and training can be costly. It
8584-401: The limitations in peer-to-peer adoption of EDI, VANs (value-added networks) were established decades ago. A VAN acts as a regional post office. It receives transactions, examines the 'from' and the 'to' information, and routes the transaction to the final recipient. VANs may provide a number of additional services, e.g. retransmitting documents, providing third party audit information, acting as
8700-408: The need to re-key documents on the destination side. One very important advantage of EDI over paper documents is the speed at which the trading partner receives and incorporates the information into their system greatly reducing cycle times. For this reason, EDI can be an important component of a just-in-time production system. A study published in 1996 by Kenneth Kahn and John T. Mentzer observed
8816-476: The open sea as ships have grown larger and the land upriver taken over for other uses. The Port of London has been central to the economy of London since the founding of the city in the 1st century and was a major contributor to the growth and success of the city. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was the busiest port in the world, with wharves extending continuously along the Thames for 11 miles (18 km), and over 1,500 cranes handling 60,000 ships per year. It
8932-475: The pilot vessel from Harwich to escort them to London Gateway through the shifting sands off Essex . Undertaken by DP World , the new facility significantly increased the capabilities and efficiencies of the Port of London to handle container shipping, to help meet the growing demand for container handling at Britain's ports. Construction began in February 2010, with the port and logistics park being completed in stages. Three berths were initially completed, with
9048-493: The port and the A13, by adding additional lanes. It also moved Sorrells roundabout south east by 50m so capacity and access at the roundabout could be increased. DP World London Gateway has also contributed funding to the widening of the A13, a two-year project which started in 2017. As of March 2022 this project is not yet completed. There is an employee bus service which runs from Chafford Hundred, Grays and Stanford-le-Hope. The technology employed at DP World London Gateway makes
9164-476: The port area, then they will retain the same powers of arrest as they would have if they were still in the port area. The majority of the provisions of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 were applied by the order. Otherwise the local territorial police force is Essex Police . The former Port of London Authority Police now exists only as the Port of Tilbury Police . Port of London The Port of London
9280-711: The port container handling areas. Rail logistics partners DB Cargo UK (formerly DB Schenker Rail) and Freightliner are running intermodal trains on a daily basis via Barking and Gospel Oak to the West Coast Main Line . Network Rail has cleared all trains on this route to rail loading gauge W10 , the same as the connecting rail access route to the Channel Tunnel , allowing 9 feet 6 inches (2.90 m) high containers to be transported. The East Coast Main Line connection to serve Doncaster and Leeds carries
9396-671: The port to efficiently handle the world's largest container ships, which are now up to 400m long, 60m wide and able to carry up to 24,000 TEUs (or 20-foot equivalent units). In the last three years, DP World London Gateway has handled dozens of these "Ultra-Large" container ships. The port's quay cranes – which are manual but can be driven remotely from the port's control room – have multi-lift capability, meaning they are able to lift up to four TEUs in one go (or two 40-foot containers). The cranes are able to lift cargo weighing up to 80 tonnes and sit on 49m-deep quay walls. DP World London Gateway Port currently comprises three deep-water berths, with
9512-430: The port which operate between North Europe and South America, Africa, Australia, India and more, the big breakthrough came in March 2017 when THE Alliance – a container shipping consortium made up of Hapag Lloyd , NYK Line , K-Line , Mitsui-Osk Line and Yang Ming – announced it would be using DP World London Gateway for its UK ports of call on Asia-Europe services. With around 17% of all UK imports coming from Asia, it
9628-475: The port's vehicle booking system. In 2016, DP World London Gateway delivered an average truck-turnaround time of 35 minutes and an average container turnaround time of 20 minutes. The vehicle booking system is provided by Community Network Services Ltd . This electronic data interchange system ensures a swift flow of import and export information between shipping lines, ports, freight forwarders, customs and other inspection agencies, hauliers and rail operators. CNS
9744-439: The potential for the development of three more; DP World in 2021 announced that it would build a fourth berth. The first phase of the port opened for business on 6 November 2013 with the docking of the 58,000-tonne MOL Caledon , loaded with fruit and wine from South Africa . Development of the Logistics Park followed the initial stages of development of the port. UPS opened a new 32,000-square-metre package-sorting facility on
9860-626: The regeneration of the Thames Gateway , in May 2006. In May 2008 the Department for Transport issued a "Harbour Empowerment Order" for DP World London Gateway, which provided official and statutory powers for the new port and established it as a legally recognised authority. The future of the project was less certain after Moody's downgraded DP World's financial status to 'junk' in December 2009, following
9976-433: The retailer, they have a stock outage and the effect is lost sales, reduced customer service and ultimately lower profits. In EDI terminology, "inbound" and "outbound" refer to the direction of transmission of an EDI document in relation to a particular system, not the direction of merchandise, money or other things represented by the document. For example, an EDI document that tells a warehouse to perform an outbound shipment
10092-540: The river was lined with nearly continuous walls of wharves running for miles along both banks, and hundreds of ships moored in the river or alongside the quays. In the late 18th century, an ambitious scheme was proposed by Willey Reveley to straighten the Thames between Wapping and Woolwich Reach by cutting a new channel across the Rotherhithe , Isle of Dogs , and Greenwich peninsulas. The three great horseshoe bends would be cut off with locks, as huge wet docks. This
10208-713: The road per day, with economic and environmental advantages. London Gateway expressed interest in becoming a freeport after the exit of the UK from the EU . The rail terminal at DP World London Gateway is one of the longest in the UK. It is located inside the port's ISPS fence. Rail access to the terminal is via connection to the Tilbury Loop of the London, Tilbury and Southend line . On site 25 kilometres (16 mi) of double track access accommodates trains of up to 35 wagons long (750 metres (2,460 ft), which are loaded/unloaded next to
10324-547: The same site as the UK's largest land bank for development of warehousing, distribution facilities and ancillary logistics services. It is a deep-water port able to handle the biggest container ships. The Port of London once had its own police force – the Port of London Authority Police – but is today policed by a number of forces. These are the local territorial police forces of the areas the Thames passes through (the Metropolitan , City of London , Essex and Kent forces) and
10440-478: The same standard and contain different sets of information. For example, a food company may indicate a product's expiration date while a clothing manufacturer would choose to send colour and size information. EDI can be transmitted using any methodology agreed to by the sender and recipient, but as more trading partners began using the Internet for transmission, standardized protocols have emerged. This includes various technologies such as: When some people compared
10556-441: The setup for organizations looking to initiate EDI. Due to the fact that many organizations first starting out with EDI often do so to meet a customer or partner requirement and therefore lack in-house EDI expertise, a VAN can be a valuable asset. However, VANs may come with high costs. VANs typically charge a per-document or even per-line-item transaction fee to process EDI transactions as a service on behalf of their customers. This
10672-568: The site in 2018 – one of the American firm's largest-ever infrastructure investments outside of the US. Since March 2017, German grocery retailer Lidl has been operating out of the DP World London Gateway Logistics Centre, the first warehouse to be developed on the site. Annual capacity of the port is 3.5 million containers ( TEU ); 2021 throughput was 1.8 million TEU, and continues to increase. DP World London Gateway Port
10788-439: The site was the DP World London Gateway Logistics Centre, which was awarded Planet First accreditation in December 2015. The facility was opened by the transport minister of the time, Robert Goodwill , in 2015. The centre was initially operated by Import Services Ltd, but the agreement ended as DP World wished to work more closely to end-users of the warehouse. In December 2016, it was announced that Lidl would begin operating out of
10904-438: The six berths were operational, and on 1 April 2017, the third berth opened. The London Gateway Port Harbour Empowerment Order 2008 permits the harbour authority to apply to a justice of the peace to appoint constables to form a police force for the port (and for justices of the peace to dismiss them). If appointed, they will have all the powers and privileges of a constable within the port area, and if they pursue someone from
11020-411: The specific information to be transmitted and how it should be used. This is done in human-readable specifications (also called Message Implementation Guidelines). While the standards are analogous to building codes, the specifications are analogous to blueprints. (The specification may also be called a "mapping," but the term mapping is typically reserved for specific machine-readable instructions given to
11136-456: The synchronous protocol 2400 bit/s modems, CLEO devices, and value-added networks used to transmit EDI documents to transmitting via the Internet, they equated the non-Internet technologies with EDI and predicted erroneously that EDI itself would be replaced along with the non-Internet technologies. In most cases, these non-internet transmission methods are simply being replaced by Internet protocols, such as FTP, HTTP, telnet , and e-mail, but
11252-485: The terminal safer than traditional ports. The automated stacking area means that personnel or hauliers do not have to closely interact with stacks of containers, as this is managed by robotic cranes. This means that adverse weather has only forced the port to close for five hours in three-and-a-half years– other UK deep-sea port have closed for longer periods due to weather. DP World London Gateway continues to expand its customer base. It now offers UK exporters and importers
11368-619: The third most and the Medway ports (chiefly London Thamesport ) the fifth. The number of twenty-foot equivalent units of containers handled by the Port of London exceeded two million in 2007 for the first time in the Port's history and this continued in 2008. The Port's capacity in handling modern, large ships and containers is set to dramatically expand with the completion of the London Gateway port project, which will be able to handle up to 3.5 million TEUs per year when fully completed. With around 12,500 commercial shipping movements annually,
11484-434: The time for clearance. The increase of maritime traffic and problems at customs similar to those experienced at Heathrow Airport led to the implementation of DTI systems in individual ports or groups of ports in the 1980s. EDI provides a technical basis for automated commercial "conversations" between two entities, either internal or external. The term EDI encompasses the entire electronic data interchange process, including
11600-521: The train and its cargo through France, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, ending in Yiwu in China's eastern Zhejiang province. DP World London Gateway has planning consent to develop a second rail terminal to the north-west of Berth Seven. DP World London Gateway Logistics Park is a 9.25million square foot bank of land ready for the development of warehouse and distribution facilities. It offers
11716-486: The transfer of structured data, by agreed message standards, from one computer system to another without human intervention. Like many other early information technologies, EDI was inspired by developments in military logistics . The complexity of the 1948 Berlin airlift required the development of concepts and methods to exchange, sometimes over a 300 baud teletype modem , vast quantities of data and information about transported goods. These initial concepts later shaped
11832-455: The translation software. ) Larger trading "hubs" have existing Message Implementation Guidelines which mirror their business processes for processing EDI and they are usually unwilling to modify their EDI business practices to meet the needs of their trading partners. Often in a large company, these EDI guidelines will be written to be generic enough to be used by different branches or divisions and therefore will contain information not needed for
11948-498: The translator will either create a file of either fixed length, variable length or XML tagged format or "print" the received EDI document (for non-integrated EDI environments). The next step is to convert/transform the file that the translator creates into a format that can be imported into a company's back-end business systems, applications or ERP. This can be accomplished by using a custom program, an integrated proprietary "mapper" or an integrated standards-based graphical "mapper," using
12064-399: The transmission, message flow, document format, and software used to interpret the documents. However, EDI standards describe the rigorous format of electronic documents , and the EDI standards were designed, initially in the automotive industry , to be independent of communication and software technologies. EDI documents generally contain the same information that would normally be found in
12180-414: The transporting of 5 million tonnes of material, almost all of which is clean earth, excavated from the ground, downstream through the Port, from locations such as Canary Wharf to new nature reserves being constructed in the Thames estuary area. This also includes the re-opening of wharves or jetties for various building projects along or near the Thames, Battersea coal jetty being the most recent. In 2008,
12296-461: The use of EDI alliances among companies linked within a supply network , where EDI facilitated more transparent information sharing than had been customary among businesses who only shared information of a "need-to-know" basis. They anticipated the potential for EDI to encompass all the players within a marketing channel with benefits at each stage in the chain. According to a 2008 Aberdeen Group report, "A Comparison of Supplier Enablement around
12412-446: The use of data from that exchange reduces the handling costs of sorting, distributing, organizing, and searching paper documents. EDI and similar technologies allow a company to take advantage of the benefits of storing and manipulating data electronically without the cost of manual entry. Another advantage of EDI is the opportunity to reduce or eliminate manual data entry errors , such as shipping and billing errors, because EDI eliminates
12528-550: The use of larger ships and containerisation , the importance of the upstream port declined rapidly from the mid-1960s. The enclosed docks further up river declined and closed progressively between the end of the 1960s and the early 1980s. Trade at privately owned wharves on the open river continued for longer, for example with container handling at the Victoria Deep Water Terminal on the Greenwich Peninsula into
12644-451: The world submarine communication cable industry for decades with works at Greenwich , Silvertown, North Woolwich , Woolwich and Erith . For centuries London was the major centre of shipbuilding in Britain (for example at Blackwall Yard , London Yard , Samuda Yard , Millwall Iron Works , Thames Ironworks , Greenwich , and Deptford and Woolwich dockyards), but declined relative to
12760-553: The world's largest cane sugar refinery , originally served by the West India Docks but now with its own cargo handling facilities. Many wharves as far upstream as Fulham are used for the handling of aggregates brought by barge from facilities down river. Riverside sites in London are under intense pressure for prestige housing or office development, and as a consequence the Greater London Authority in consultation with
12876-537: Was Langley's Lower Dock at Deptford Green, which was 460 ft (140 m) in length. While the building of large ships ceased with the closure of the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company at Leamouth in 1912, the ship repairing trade continued to flourish. Although by 1930 the number of major dry docks had been reduced to 16, highly mechanised and geared to the repair of iron and steel-hulled ships. There were also numerous power stations and gas works on
12992-537: Was a prime target for Nazi German bomber aircraft during World War II ( the Blitz ). The first evidence of a reasonable sized trading in London can be seen during Roman control of Britain, at which time the Romans built the original harbour. The construction involved expanding the waterfront using wooden frames filled with dirt. Once these were in place, the wharf was built in four stages moving downstream from London Bridge . The port began to rapidly grow and prosper during
13108-442: Was designed to inform the receiver of a shipment, the goods to be received and how the goods are packaged. This is further complemented with the shipment's use of the shipping labels containing a GS1-128 barcode referencing the shipment's tracking number. Some major sets of EDI standards: Many of these standards first appeared in the early to mid-1980s. The standards prescribe the formats, character sets, and data elements used in
13224-417: Was important that the port secured these high-volume services. At the time the port opened major container shipping companies were increasingly grouped in alliances already committed to existing ports, and were rationalising their services as they used ever bigger ships. The port was reported to have processed 300,000 containers (TEU) in 2014, its first full year of operation, considered reasonably successful for
13340-736: Was not realised, though a much smaller channel, the City Canal , was subsequently cut across the Isle of Dogs. London's Docklands had their origin in the lack of capacity in the Pool of London which particularly affected the West India trade. In 1799, the West India Dock Act allowed a new off-river dock to be built for produce from the West Indies, and the rest of Docklands followed as landowners built enclosed docks with better security and facilities than
13456-444: Was the second largest port in the United Kingdom by tonnage handled (43.7 million), after Grimsby and Immingham (60 million). The Port of London however handles the most non-fuel cargo of any port in the UK (at 32.2 million tonnes in 2007). Other major rival ports to London in the country are Felixstowe and Southampton , which handle the most and second-most number of containers of British ports; in 2012 London handled
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