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73-585: Welland is a city in the Regional Municipality of Niagara in Southern Ontario , Canada. As of 2021, it had a population of 55,750. The city is in the centre of Niagara and located within a half-hour driving distance to Niagara Falls , Niagara-on-the-Lake , St. Catharines , and Port Colborne . It has been traditionally known as the place where rails and water meet , referring to the railways from Buffalo to Toronto and Southwestern Ontario , and

146-613: A cotton mill, and the Atlas Steel Co., as well as general manufacturing plants, had big influence on shaping early Welland. While recent years saw the end of Welland operations for several companies, such as John Deere which announced in September 2008 that it would be closing its plant and relocating manufacturing to Wisconsin and Mexico, businesses such as Lakeside Steel (a pipe plant formerly owned by Stelco , since 2012 owned by JMC Steel) continues to employ residents. The Atlas Steel Co.

219-424: A mother tongue. French was the first language of 7.2% of the population, compared to 3.3% in all of Ontario. In terms of non-official languages, the most common mother tongues were Italian (2.1%), Spanish (1.0%), Hungarian (0.6%), Polish (0.6%), Korean (0.4%), German (0.4%) and Chinese languages (0.4%). 1.5% of residents listed both English and French as mother tongues, while 1.2% listed both English and

292-542: A non-official language. 62.4% of residents were Christian , down from 77.2% in 2011. 35.1% were Catholic , 15.1% were Protestant , 7.7% identified as Christian without specifying and 4.5% belonged to other Christian denominations or Christian-related traditions. 34.9% were non-religious or secular, up from 22.0% in 2011. All other religions accounted for 2.3% of the population, up from 0.8% in 2011. The largest non-Christian religions were Islam (0.9%), Hinduism (0.4%) and Sikhism (0.4%). Another significant cultural group

365-466: A small number of members are elected by the entire European Union at large from Union-wide party lists. This is among a number of proposed reforms to deepen European integration . In Israel , elections for the Knesset (the national parliament ) are conducted at large by proportional representation from party lists. Election of municipal and town (but not regional) councils are on the same basis. In

438-593: A snowfall of 81.3 cm (32.0 inches) on 1 March 1900. One of the worst winter storms to affect the Welland area was in January 1977 when the Blizzard of '77 hit Niagara and Western New York from 28 January to 1 February 1977. Notable parks are Chippawa Park, an older, well-developed park in the northwest; Memorial Park, a newer park in the southeast which has been shrunk for suburban development; and Merritt Island Park along

511-601: Is viticulture , or winemaking. The Niagara Wine Route , which connects visitors to dozens of wineries, is a growing tourism draw while the internationally renowned Niagara Falls is one of Canada's major tourist attractions. Along with Shaw Festival , held annually in Niagara-on-the-Lake , and the Welland Canal , the Regional Municipality of Niagara receives up to 12 million visitors each year. Niagara Region

584-585: Is a former township created in 1788 that grew up around Ontario Road and Welland Recreational Canal. A man-made geographic feature is the Merritt Island, a strip of land approximately five kilometres long and, in some places, less than 100 metres wide. The island was created when the alignment of the First Welland Canal was constructed basically parallel to the Welland River and since the abandonment of

657-501: Is a paved recreational path beginning in the City of St. Catharines at Lake Ontario and ending at Lake Erie in Port Colborne . The sections of the trail located within Welland are paved. The trail follows alongside the Welland ship and Recreational Canals, and passes through downtown Welland. The Welland Canal, linking Lake Ontario with Lake Erie, is the transportation mode that Welland

730-647: Is being built close to the banks of the By-Pass, and the area received further investment when a new Wal-Mart store opened on Woodlawn Road close to Highway 406. Technically, both the east side and Dain City are peninsulas , surrounded by the waters of the old and new channels of the Welland Canal and connected to "solid" ground only by the relatively small plug in the old canal along the Townline Tunnel approaches. Crowland

803-648: Is best known for. Until 1972, the canal passed through downtown Welland. As of the end of the 1972 shipping season, the canal was re-routed via the Welland Canal Bypass east of the city. Welland clings to its canal heritage, as evidenced by the steadfast preservation of the Main Street Lift Bridge ( Welland Canal, bridge 13 ) shown in the photograph above. Highway 406 is the main route in and out of Welland, leading north to Thorold , St. Catharines and onwards via Queen Elizabeth Way . Port Colborne

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876-455: Is cool (average temperature of 4.3 °C (39.7 °F)) and wet (actually, the wettest of Welland' s seasons ) (273.7 mm 10.8 in.) of total precipitation . The extreme high and low temperatures are 37.8 °C (100 °F), recorded on 4 July 1911; 1 July 1931; 26 August 1948, and −32.8 °C (-27 °F), recorded on 25 January 1884. Daily precipitation extremes include a rainfall of 118.4 mm (4.66 in.) on 30 September 1959, and

949-467: Is linked to Welland by Highways 140 and 58 . Port Colborne residents then can take the 406 further north. The Mid-Peninsula Highway , once constructed, can play an important role in the transportation patterns of Welland, as it might cross the Welland Canal along the Highway 58A corridor in the south of the city. Should that occur, Highway 406 will likely be extended to reach the new thoroughfare. Two of

1022-523: Is made up of 12 councillors, each elected in his or her ward (this is known as election by single-member districts ). Each of the six wards in Welland elects two councillors. It is led by the mayor, who is elected at-large , by all the voters in the city. Welland's current mayor is Frank Campion. In addition, two regional councillors are elected at-large, to participate in the Niagara Regional Council . These councillors were George Marshall and

1095-535: Is over-representation. They have high apportionment but are ethnically diverse and of exceptional geographical size. Provinces are divided to make up the other 335 electoral districts (ridings or comtés). Canada's 102 senators are appointed to serve a large region within a province or a city.) The Conference on the Future of Europe has proposed adding "transnational lists" to the European Parliament , in which

1168-749: Is proving to be a catalyst for development, as several new establishments have been opened downtown and some businesses are expanding. Welland is represented in the House of Commons of Canada by the Liberal Party Member of Parliament Vance Badawey , and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by the NDP Member of Provincial Parliament Jeff Burch , representing the Niagara Centre and the provincial ridings of Niagara Centre, respectively. According to

1241-747: Is situated on treaty land. This land has a rich history of First Nations such as the Neutral , the Haudenosaunee , and the Anishinaabe , including the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation . There are many First Nations, Métis, and Inuit people from across Turtle Island that continue to live and work in Niagara today. As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada ,

1314-811: Is the southern end of the Golden Horseshoe , the largest megalopolis in Canada. The region occupies most of the Niagara Peninsula . Its eastern boundary is the Niagara River , which is also the border with the US state of New York . It is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario and on the south by Lake Erie . Unique natural landscapes make the Niagara Region an important centre for agriculture and tourism in Canada. The most important agricultural enterprise in Niagara

1387-490: Is used as a suffix referring to specific members (such as the U.S. congressional Representative/the Member/Rep. for Wyoming at large ). It figures as a generic prefix of its subject matter (such as Wyoming is an at-large U.S. congressional district, at present). It is commonly used when making or highlighting a direct contrast with subdivided equivalents that may be past or present, or seen in exotic comparators. It indicates that

1460-706: The 2021 census conducted by Statistics Canada , Welland had a population of 55,750 living in 23,656 of its 24,530 total private dwellings, a change of 6.6% from its 2016 population of 52,293 . With a land area of 81.16 km (31.34 sq mi), it had a population density of 686.9/km (1,779.1/sq mi) in 2021. In 2021, 87.0% of the population was white/European, 8.7% were visible minorities and 4.3% were Indigenous. The largest visible minority groups were Black (2.6%), South Asian (1.6%), Latin American (1.3%), Filipino (0.7%), Southeast Asian (0.5%), and Chinese (0.5%). 80.2% of residents spoke English as

1533-534: The Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (the French Catholic board) also operate schools in Welland. The Niagara Catholic District School Board operates six elementary schools within the city. The board also operates one secondary school in the city: Notre Dame , which offers Grade 9 through to Grade 12. Continuing education courses are also offered by the board at its Father Patrick H. Fogarty Learning Centre within

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1606-669: The Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area . VIA Rail serves Grimsby, St. Catharines and Niagara Falls stations as part of the Maple Leaf intercity train between Toronto and New York City, jointly operated with Amtrak . Many private bus operators operate intercity services to Niagara Region on routes connecting to cities such as Toronto, Buffalo and New York. As of 2023, private bus operators in Niagara Region include Flixbus , Megabus , Equinox, Greyhound , and Trailways . 400-series expressways: Other highways: At-large The term

1679-520: The Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area ; as well as crossing the border to use Buffalo Niagara International Airport or Niagara Falls International Airport in Upstate New York . Public transit within Niagara Region is provided by Niagara Region Transit , including scheduled local bus service within Niagara Falls, St. Catharines, Thorold and Welland, on-demand transit service in other portions of

1752-615: The Netherlands , elections for the House of Representatives (the lower house of the States-General , the national parliament ) are conducted at large by proportional representation from party lists. This manner of election applies to the Senate . All voters can cast twelve votes to refresh half of the Senate, namely twelve senators, from a longer list of candidates. The simple tally determines

1825-656: The Niagara Regional Police . The chief local political issue is the redevelopment of the downtown core, which has deteriorated in the years after the Welland By-Pass project. The Civic Square project has been completed after spanning the terms of three city councils and three mayors. The new building, facing both East Main Street and the old canal, houses the city hall and the Welland Public Library. The project

1898-689: The Plymouth Cordage Heritage District , became the first Italian ethnic neighbourhood in Welland. European n.o.s North American Indigenous , n.o.s. Like the rest of Ontario, Welland has access to four public education systems: the regional school boards are the Niagara Catholic District School Board and the District School Board of Niagara . The Conseil scolaire Viamonde (the French public board) and

1971-544: The city receives, on average, 97.8 cm (38.5 in.) of snow every winter. The average temperature in January, the coldest month , is −4.7 °C (23.5 °F ). Spring is mild (13 °C (55.4 °F) on average) and rainy (240.3 mm (9.46 in.) of rain in April, May and June, also with 5.4 cm (2.12 in.) of snow in April and May). Summer is warm, with an average high temperature of 24.5 °C (76.2 °F) and, humid, with 251 mm (9.88in.) of total rainfall . Autumn

2044-401: The state has a single representative, that will be a representative at large. This is a table of every such instance. It shows the situation applied to a small, varying group of states in three periods. The 33rd Congress began in 1853; it ended two years later. The 38th began in 1863; the 50th ended in 1889. The 53rd began in 1893; the 89th ended in January 1967, the final such period. This

2117-614: The 1990s. After the 2010 United States redistricting cycle , Nevada eliminated their two remaining multi-member senate districts and implemented single-winner districts in both houses. In 2018, West Virginia passed a law switching all remaining multi-winner House of Delegates seats to single-winner districts following the 2020 United States Census . Since passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and lessening of some historic barriers to voter registration and voting, legal challenges have been made based on at-large election schemes at

2190-575: The American Revolutionary War. Tensions continued between Great Britain and the newly independent United States, and the War of 1812 broke out. On 19 October 1814, Canadian forces led by George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale , met an American raiding party, numbering approximately nine hundred, near the eastern edge of the present community during the Battle of Cook's Mills . After an intense skirmish,

2263-592: The Americans retreated to Buffalo, New York . Cook's Mills was the second to last engagement of the War of 1812 on Canadian soil. The First Welland Canal was extended in 1833 to reach Lake Erie and has influenced development of this city ever since. A wooden aqueduct was built to carry the Welland Canal over the Welland River at what is now downtown Welland, and the area became known as simply Aqueduct. A lock to cross from

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2336-568: The New York Central to provide through service between Toronto and Buffalo (via Hamilton, Ontario and Welland). Regional Municipality of Niagara The Regional Municipality of Niagara , also colloquially known as the Niagara Region or Region of Niagara , is a regional municipality comprising twelve municipalities of Southern Ontario , Canada. The regional seat is in Thorold . It

2409-512: The Plymouth plant, which was prior to 1904, farmland. The cordage industry was a victim of the harvester-thresher, which obviated the need for binding (or baling) twine, as the threshing operation is now performed in a contiguous step immediately when the stalk is cut. Welland's electricity comes from the Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric generation plants at Niagara Falls via Welland Hydro. Thanks to

2482-626: The Region, and regional bus service between communities in the region. WEGO is an additional local bus network within Niagara Falls, targeted at visitors rather than residents. The WEGO Green Line is operated by the Niagara Parks Commission and requires separate WEGO tickets, while the remainder of WEGO routes are operated by Niagara Region Transit and accept both Niagara Region Transit and WEGO tickets. GO Transit provides regional train and bus services from Niagara Falls and St. Catharines to

2555-535: The Regional Municipality of Niagara had a population of 477,941 living in 195,914 of its 207,926 total private dwellings, a change of 6.7% from its 2016 population of 447,888 . With a land area of 1,852.82 km (715.38 sq mi), it had a population density of 258.0/km (668.1/sq mi) in 2021. Religious profile (2021): The area has a higher concentration of human trafficking compared to other regions in Canada, with 3% of recorded incidents taking place within it. The Niagara Region's proximity to

2628-414: The Welland By-Pass project, the Welland Canal cut through the centre of Welland. As a result, a very prominent split was created between the east side and the west side of the city. The west side grew primarily to the north, while the east side expanded south. The west side also became the more affluent of the two. Today, even though the canal traffic no longer causes regular interruption in the traffic across

2701-633: The black minority makes up more than one-third of the population. In another instance, in 2013 Fayette County, Georgia , which had an estimated 70% white majority and 20% black minority, was ordered by a federal district court to develop single-member districts for election of members to its county council and its school board. Due to at-large voting, African Americans had been unable to elect any candidate of their choice to either of these boards for decades. Such local election systems have become subject to litigation since enabling more representative elections can create entry points for minorities and women into

2774-457: The border and large amounts of hotels are considered to be contributing factors to this issue. Niagara Region contains three airports used primarily for general aviation : Aside from scheduled commuter flights between Niagara District Airport and Toronto City with FlyGTA , for commercial flights Niagara residents use Toronto Pearson International Airport , Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , or John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in

2847-511: The canal to the river and vice versa was also built. A small shantytown soon developed around the facility, providing essential services in what was a convenient stop-over location for travellers and workers on the canal. The growing town was later named Merrittsville, after William Hamilton Merritt , the initiator of the Welland Canal project. This name is reflected in the name of the Merrittville Highway (Niagara Road 50), which served as

2920-430: The canal with an upper level paved trail and lower level gravel trail. Chippawa Park has rolling hills, mature specimen trees (predominantly Carolinian, including several species of Hickory and Maple), playgrounds, a large pond, and small ornamental fish pond in a formal rose garden. It features a large war memorial carved from Lacasse granite and designed by a famous Canadian sculptor, Elizabeth Wyn Wood . Memorial Park

2993-563: The city council from single-member districts. The town of Islip, New York was sued by four residents in 2018 for violating the Voting Rights Act by maintaining a discriminatory at-large council system. One-third of Islip's population is Hispanic, but only one person of color has ever been elected to a town seat. As part of the settlement reached in 2020, the at-large system will be abolished and replaced by four council districts by 2023. Some states have passed laws that further discourage

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3066-560: The city or province may be split into as many as seven districts, and each then elects at least two members. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for direct election of members of the House of Representatives . The Uniform Congressional District Act , enacted in 1967 and codified as 2 U.S.C.   § 2c , dictates that representatives must be elected from geographical districts and that these must be single-member districts . Indeed it confirms when

3139-449: The city was home to a satellite campus of the defunct francophone Collège des Grands-Lacs . Welland, because of its proximity to the Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric station at Niagara Falls , was historically known for its steel, automotive, and textile industries. Initially, manufacturing firms were the biggest employers in Welland. The plants of companies like Union Carbide , United Steel , Plymouth Cordage Company , three drop forges,

3212-656: The city's outskirts. With the completion of the bypass, Welland's east end (and the former town of Crowland) was like an island between the new and old canal channels. The City of Welland is working to revitalize the downtown core through an ongoing community improvement plan. Integral to the program is the use of incentives to promote revitalization and redevelopment. A report published by the City of Welland in 2013 said, "for over 10 years now, these programs have produced only very moderate uptake and development since being introduced." Other former industrial cities have grappled with similar painful transitions. The Welland city council

3285-451: The city, the channel lives on as Welland Recreational Waterway. The waterway still serves as a very prominent visual feature dividing the city, and it is perhaps for this reason that the east side/west side division is still very much alive in the minds of Wellanders. East side and west side are very commonly used as basic directions. The communities of Cooks Mills and Dain City have their own separation stories. Cooks Mills, located on

3358-450: The city. The District School Board of Niagara operates ten elementary schools within the city and two secondary schools: Welland Centennial Secondary School servicing the western side of the city and Eastdale Secondary servicing the eastern side. A campus of Niagara College of Applied Arts and Technology is located in Welland. The college offers post-secondary diplomas, baccalaureate degrees and advanced-level programs. From 1995 to 2001,

3431-464: The county or city level, including in school board elections, in numerous jurisdictions where minorities had been effectively excluded from representation on local councils or boards. An example is Charleston County, South Carolina , which was sued in 2001 and reached a settlement in 2004. Its county commission changed to nine members elected from single-member districts; in 2015 they included six white Republicans and three African-American Democrats, where

3504-416: The described zone has no further subsets used for the same representative purpose. An exception is a nil-exceptions arrangement of overlapping tiers (resembling or being district and regional representatives, one set of which is at large ) for return to the very same chamber, and consequent issue of multiple ballots for plural voting to every voter. This avoids plural voting competing with single voting in

3577-645: The heart of downtown, between Main Street and Division Street bridges along the west side of the Welland Recreational Waterway, is a small parkette dubbed "Guerrilla Park" by locals. It was originally park space that had become neglected over years and was reclaimed as public space by volunteers. Through efforts of local artists and guerrilla gardening , the formerly neglected space is now tended by various unorganized volunteers, and features revitalized garden beds and flowers, outdoor paintings, and occasional impromptu events. The Welland Canal Parkway Trail

3650-536: The jurisdiction, an inherent different level of democratic power . Examples of a democratic power disparity were found in a small number of states at certain U.S. Congresses, between 1853 and 1967, and in the old lower houses of the United Kingdom and Ireland , whereby certain voters could vote for (and lobby) at-large (whole-state/County) and district(-based) representatives to them, giving zones of plural voting and thus representation contrasting with zones, for

3723-584: The late Peter Kormos , who died in March 2013. Another representative of Welland was appointed to fill Kormos's seat since late May 2013, in order to represent the city on the Regional Council. The city is responsible for fire protection, libraries, parks and recreation and secondary streets, but many municipal services come from the broader level of government, the Niagara Region. Regional responsibilities include social welfare, community health, and policing through

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3796-527: The low grade for the rail lines that use the tunnel. Dain City was built for, and by, the Dain Manufacturing Company (Now known as John Deere ), the main employer in the area, as a " company town ". John Deere announced in September 2008 that it would be closing its plant and relocating manufacturing to Wisconsin and Mexico. There is a slight movement to develop the northern end of the east side, an undeveloped area. A community named Hunters Pointe

3869-534: The majority of traffic on the line consisted of New York Central Railway trains transiting between Windsor, Ontario (and the tunnel to Detroit ), and one of two bridges over the Niagara River located at Niagara Falls and Fort Erie . Welland was also the terminus of the Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railway 's track (the link to Buffalo, New York being via the CASO line). The T, H & B ran joint passenger trains with

3942-428: The mayor is elected at large as well. Municipal election at large is widespread in small towns to avoid " them and us " cultural dissociation produced by partition of voters into wards and their representatives thus being seen to represent only a specific part of the city. It is also used in many large cities in Canada. The voting method in all such elections and multi-member wards today is plurality block voting . (In

4015-465: The old Welland Canal, then runs parallel to it for a few miles. Between the old canal and the river lies a long narrow strip of land referred to as Merritt Island that is now a park. The end of the park closest to the centre of the city has picnic tables and playground equipment. The island also includes a main trail that follows the bank of the old canal for the entire length of the park, with a variety of intermittent side paths and trails. Also located in

4088-517: The old canal has been established as Merritt Park, featuring a popular four kilometre-long paved trail. Welland experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa/Dfb ) typical of the Great Lakes region, with cold, snowy winters, mild, wet springs , warm to hot, humid summers, and cool, wet falls . The winter is the driest season , with no more than 77.8 mm (3.06 in.) of precipitation in its wettest month . Though, due to lake-effect snow ,

4161-581: The other members. It follows that such true or quasi- local government units do not in the purest sense elect members at large when their geography is analysed, as each member co-exists with the others who have territorial overlap, as representing greater or lower-rank districts. The members are by law chosen by the public directly or indirectly. Members chosen by the City Council or the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Board) are elected such that

4234-485: The other side of the By-Pass channel than the rest of Welland, has arguably been protected against the impact of urban sprawl , but the necessity of using one of the two highway tunnels to cross the canal causes some residents to head to nearby Niagara Falls instead. Dain City, located in the south of the city where the two channels meet, is separated by the massive approaches to the Townline Tunnel required to provide

4307-723: The ownership changed hands numerous times: the Sammi group acquired it in 1989, followed by Slater Steels of Mississauga in 2000, who went bankrupt in 2003. The plant was finally torn down in 2007. The Canadian branch plant of the Plymouth Cordage Company was started in 1904 due to Parliament's initiation of a 25% import duty on rope and related products. Plymouth, with roots in Massachusetts , moved to secure its business in binding twine, necessary to package farm crops such as grass, wheat or straw. The city of Welland grew up around

4380-553: The past, single transferable voting (STV) was used in 20 Canadian municipalities, either in at-large contests or multi-member wards.) Notable larger instances are, from west to east: (As well, the three territories - Yukon , Nunavut , and the Northwest Territories - are federally served in the Parliament of Canada by one Member of Parliament and Senator each. These are so sparsely populated that even one member each

4453-511: The political system and provide more representative government. In the late 1980s, several major cities in Tennessee reached settlement in court cases to adopt single-member districts to enable minorities to elect candidates of their choice to city councils, who had previously been excluded by at-large voting favoring the majority population. By 2015, voters in two of these cities had elected women mayors who had gotten their start in being elected to

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4526-415: The presence of the massive plant, power remained on in over half of Welland during the 2003 North America blackout until rolling blackouts began the next day in an effort to provide power to areas that hadn't had it for nearly 24 hours. Welland is located in the centre of south Niagara. Over the years, urban growth has all but united the northwest part of Welland with the community of Fonthill . Prior to

4599-467: The primary north–south route in central Niagara before the construction of Highway 406 . Welland gained its present name when it was incorporated on 25 July 1858. It became a city in 1917. One of the few railway crossings across the canal was near Welland. Together with the canal, these two factors attracted the development of heavy industry in Welland. In 1906 the Plymouth Cordage Company

4672-505: The same national assembly, of single voting and representation. In 1964 the U.S. Supreme Court banned such plural voting for the U.S. Congress (thus banning at-large, whole-state congressional districts which overlap state subdivision congressional districts). Universal principles apply regardless whether election(s) are for a member at large, or not. Many municipalities in Canada elect part or all of their city councils at large. In most,

4745-450: The three tunnels under the canal, Main Street Tunnel and Townline Tunnel, are located in Welland, just east of the main urbanised area. Welland boasts a rich railway history. The city motto is "Where Rails and Water Meet", referring to the two prevalent means of transportation. The Canada Southern Railway (CASO) passed through the south end of Welland, with a passenger station on King Street. The CASO operated very few trains of its own –

4818-427: The use of at-large districts. For example, the California Voting Rights Act removes one of the criteria required for a successful federal Voting Rights Act challenge, which has thus resulted in hundreds of cities, school districts, and special districts moving to single member area-based elections. Some jurisdictions have kept at-large city councils and boards. The solution adopted by Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1941

4891-425: The waterways of Welland Canal and Welland River , which played a great role in the city's development. The city has developed on both sides of the Welland River and Welland Canal, which connect Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. The area was settled in 1788 by United Empire Loyalists who had been granted land by the Crown to compensate for losses due to property they left in the British Thirteen Colonies during and after

4964-548: The winners ( plurality-at-large voting ). Provinces with smaller populations elect their House representative at large. Some cities that has its own congressional district also elect its representatives this way. Most other provinces and a few cities are divided into two or more districts. Party-list elections are elected nationwide at-large. Likewise, the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Councils), Sangguniang Barangay (Village Councils), Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Councils) and some Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Councils) elect

5037-417: Was a project of the 1967 Centennial. It is very flat with younger trees. It has an outdoor pool shaped like a figure 8. There is also a cenotaph at this park. In the late 1960s, the eastern part of the park was used for the Welland Canal bypass. Patrons of the park can often see ships passing through the bypass. At the heart of the old city of Welland, near the Main Street Bridge, the Welland River passes under

5110-463: Was due to the 1964 case of Reynolds v. Sims : the United States Supreme Court determined that the general basis of apportionment must be " one person, one vote ." As of 2021, ten U.S. states have at least one legislative chamber which uses multi-winner at-large districts: In the 1980s, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, South Carolina, and Virginia all moved entirely from multi-winner districts in either chamber, followed by Alaska, Georgia, and Indiana in

5183-419: Was established with the opening of the Plymouth Cordage plant. Many workers relocated to Welland from the company's operations in Plymouth, Massachusetts were of Italian origin. To minimize the potential effects of cultural and language barriers, Plymouth Cordage sent four foremen to Welland: one was Italian, one French, one German and one English. The neighbourhood that the company built for its employees, now

5256-496: Was founded at some time in the 1920s. Roy H. Davis and partners bought the Welland plant from its American shareholders in 1928. Gun barrels were produced here during the second World War. It was for a time Canada's largest manufacturer of stainless steel. The plant housed a vacuum smelter line, necessary for the production of Titanium . The onset of the CanAm FTA , NAFTA , GATT and globalization brought decline, and subsequently

5329-411: Was the first major industrial company to open a plant in Welland. By the 1930s, Welland was an important industrial city in the region and was developing rapidly. In the 1960s, the city was starting to outgrow the canal passing through its core. The Welland By-Pass project, started in 1967 and finished in 1973, provided a new, shorter alignment for the Welland Canal by moving it from downtown Welland to

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