Misplaced Pages

#642357

98-528: Throughout the last several millennia, the area that is now Langley Township was inhabited by various Stó꞉lō nations, including the Katzie and Kwantlen . There is limited recorded history from this time, as much was passed down through oral tradition rather than written documents. The Kwantlen were a major factor in the salmon trade that later operated out of the Fort Langley . Simon Fraser, while traveling through

196-449: A nomadic to a more sedentary lifestyle between 5,000 and 4,000 years ago. Characteristic of this period were decorative and sculpted stone items, an increasingly complex relationship with the environment, and a more stable and increasingly complex culture . The now extinct Coast Salish woolly dog appeared for the first time during this period. Among the oldest archaeological digs in Canada

294-520: A colony. James Douglas was sworn in as the new colony's first governor in Fort Langley, but New Westminster was chosen as the capital, as Fort Langley was less defensible from an American invasion. When the gold rush ended, Fort Langley's importance began to decline. The Hudson's Bay Company subdivided and sold the farm it was occupying on Langley Prairie. Farming and logging took over as the dominant local industries. In 1870, Paul Murray settled what

392-632: A covered picnic shelter in the park. The park is also home to the OMI cemetery where nun, students land and buildings of government–nun school were initially leased to the Coqualeetza Training Centre after 1985. In 2005, the park was returned to the Stó꞉lō and given Indian reserve status. The land formally regained its Stó꞉lō name of pekw’xe: yles (Peckquaylis) and it is used by 21 different first nations governments. The language traditionally spoken by

490-409: A farming area. It is now a small centre with two gas stations, a grocery store and a pub. This is the location of Campbell Valley Regional Park . St%C3%B3%EA%9E%89l%C5%8D The Stó꞉lō ( / ˈ s t ɔː l oʊ / ), alternately written as Sto꞉lo , Stó꞉lô , or Stó꞉lõ , historically as Staulo, Stalo or Stahlo , and historically known and commonly referred to in ethnographic literature as

588-464: A helicopter maintenance and modification contractor. It features 2 runways with a maximum length of 2743 feet and 2 helipads. In 2018 Langley airport had 75,954 movements CBQ2 Fort Langley airport is a private airport located in north Langley adjacent to the Fraser River. It has a single 5510 foot runway and float plane access to the river. These are the communities and neighbourhoods recognized by

686-972: A joint task force of the Scowlitz First Nation and archaeologists. Little is known about the mounds, which appear to be burial mounds and which contain timber structures to sustain the weight of the mound. Because they are distinct from any other structures anywhere else in the region, the people who made them may not have been forebears of the Stó꞉lō peoples. This period extends from 3,000 years ago to first contact with European people. New forms of ground stone technology , including slate knives , slate points, hand mauls , nephrite chisels , and nephrite adzes , are evidence of an increasingly specialized society evolving during this period. Social class distinctions were accompanied by changing house forms that indicated expanding households. Warfare became increasingly widespread. Although Captains José María Narváez of Spain and George Vancouver of England explored

784-520: A part of various pastoral charges: Langley-Milner, Langley, Murrayville-Fort Langley, and Fort Langley-Milner. Preliminary discussions were held in May 1990 regarding amalgamating Milner with St. Andrew's United Church. On September 16, 1990, a report on amalgamation was discussed and approved by the Milner congregation. It was decided that morning services at Milner would be discontinued at the end of September 1990. It

882-435: A special type of hardwood floor room) and a new community policing station. Since the 1980s, Langley City and surrounding lands administered by the municipality have been subject to extensive strip mall development. The old town core remains pleasant to walk through, but many core businesses (including the civil courts and several banks) have moved to the malls, fostering an automobile-dominated community. In addition to this,

980-610: A stop on the Fraser Valley Branch (New Westminster–Chilliwack) of the British Columbia Electric Railway inter-urban line until 1950. Milner Methodist Church was founded in 1885 and the church was dedicated in April, 1886, as Langley Prairie Methodist Church, but it soon became known as Milner Methodist Church. With church union in 1925, it became Milner United Church. At various times, Milner United Church has been

1078-514: A whole new segment of visitors to the area. In 2016, the landmark Coulter Berry Building was completed, marking the first LEED certified building in Fort Langley. Construction of the Golden Ears Bridge has been completed and opened to traffic on June 16, 2009. The bridge spans the Fraser River and connects the Township of Langley with the communities of Maple Ridge and Pitt Meadows. In addition,

SECTION 10

#1732844204643

1176-438: Is Xá:ytem , at Hatzic, just east of present-day Mission . Initial work on a suburban housing project around a transformer stone aroused the interests of Stó꞉lō archaeologist, Gordon Mohs . The land eventually was transferred to Stó꞉lō governance for heritage purposes. The focus of the site is a large transformer stone which bears the name Xá:ytem. This has come to be used for the ancient village site that has been excavated in

1274-466: Is 1745. Furthermore, 667 phrases have been archived on the website in Halq'eméylem. Coast Salish towns and villages were located along the waterways in watersheds , both for access to water for cooking and drinking, and for salmon fishing. Its importance in their culture was reflected in ceremonies dedicated to it. The various tribes, sometimes named by Europeans for the river they were located near, fished on

1372-529: Is home to one campus of Kwantlen Polytechnic University , and to Trinity Western University , a private Christian liberal arts university. 0 Avenue is along the U.S. border , and avenue numbers are incremented based on eight per mile (1.6 km), so for example 80 Avenue would be 10 miles (16 km) from the border. Street numbers also increment eight per mile as they go further east. There are roads that break this system such as Fraser Highway , Glover Road and Old Yale Road , because they existed before

1470-1177: Is home to the Langley Rugby Club of the British Columbia Rugby Union , Vancouver Giants of the Western Hockey League , the Vancouver Bandits of the Canadian Elite Basketball League , the Langley Rivermen of the British Columbia Hockey League , the Langley Rams of the British Columbia Conference of the Canadian Junior Football League who are based at the MacLeod Stadium, the Langley Blaze of

1568-500: Is known today as Murrayville . Together with his sons he owned a quarter section of land on each of the four corners of Yale Road and what now is 216th Street. At that time, this area became known as "Murrays corner" after Alexander Murray, who drowned in the Fraser River in January 1884 while attempting in vain to save a friend. In 1925, the post office named it "Murrayville". The area between 216 street, 216A street, 48th ave and 48A avenue

1666-513: Is located along the British Columbia Electric Railway line (now the Southern Railway of B.C. ) northeast of the City of Langley and just southwest of Fort Langley . Local businesses include Milner Downs Equestrian Center, Milner Village Garden Centre, Milner Feed and Pet Supply Ltd., and Milner Valley Cheese. An agricultural hall and fairground were built in Milner in 1918. The village had

1764-405: Is ninety feet long. In this room the posts or pillars are nearly three feet in diameter at the base and diminish gradually to the top. In one of these posts is an oval opening answering the purpose of the door through which one man may crawl in or out. Above, on the outside, are carved human figures as large as life, with other figures in imitation of beasts and birds. The first Europeans to stay in

1862-581: Is one of the oldest subdivisions in Langley. Of the eight building lots in this subdivision there are still 6 heritage houses (built before 1930). The Township of Langley was incorporated on April 26, 1873, with James W. Mackie as its first elected warden. Over time, New Westminster and then Vancouver developed into urban centres, but Langley Township remained predominantly a rural community. The growth of transportation continued to connect Langley Township with its surroundings. The British Columbia Electric Railway

1960-565: Is the Twilight Drive-in ;– a drive-in movie theatre, the Canadian Museum of Flight , numerous parks, rivers, and horse farms. The Otter Co-op is a major commercial and agricultural centre for the community of Aldergrove . In South Langley is Campbell Valley Regional Park , a large Metro Vancouver Regional Park. Within the park boundaries are the historic Rowlatt Farmstead, clearly visible logging railway grades, and

2058-657: The Fraser River Indians or Lower Fraser Salish , are a group of First Nations peoples inhabiting the Fraser Valley and lower Fraser Canyon of British Columbia , Canada, part of the loose grouping of Coast Salish nations. Stó꞉lō is the Halqemeylem word for "river", so the Stó꞉lō are the river people . The first documented reference to these people as "the Stó꞉lō" occurs in Catholic Oblate missionary records from

SECTION 20

#1732844204643

2156-539: The Fraser Valley from Surrey, through Langley to Chilliwack . The tracks were previously used for the BCER Interurban in the early 20th century but are maintained and in use today for freight rail traffic with passenger rail right-of-way. If implemented, this could potentially include stops at Fort Langley and Milner . The city is served by four railways: Canadian National Railway (CN), Canadian Pacific Railway (CP), Burlington Northern and Santa Fe (BNSF), and

2254-548: The Georgia Strait in 1791 and 1792, respectively, they did not reach the Fraser River or Stó꞉lō territory. The first contact between the Stó꞉lō and Europeans was indirect, through the transmission of infectious disease via other Indigenous peoples. There are two main theories for how the smallpox virus first reached the Stó꞉lō in late 1782. The first is that the disease came up from Mexico spreading with overland travelers,

2352-740: The Sts'ailes people on the Harrison River , while ethnically and linguistically similar, is among a number of First Nations governments in the region who have distanced themselves from Stó꞉lō collective governance. Others include the Musqueam Indian Band ( Xwməθkwəy̓əm/X'Muzk'I'Um people), Tsleil-Waututh First Nation (historic: Burrard [Inlet] Indian Band, Səl̓ílwətaʔ/Selilwitulh people), Tsawwassen First Nation ( Sc̓əwaθən Məsteyəx people), and Semiahmoo First Nation ( Semyome people). The Stó꞉lō Declaration included twenty-four First Nations when it

2450-554: The Willowbrook Shopping Centre , and the Famous Players Colossus Theatre Complex. Fort Langley has the distinguished title of being "The Birthplace of British Columbia". The Fort Langley National Historic Site , which puts on events and exhibits relevant to the history of the area, is open to the public. Additionally, the village itself has areas of historical interest. Elsewhere in Langley

2548-741: The Yewal Síyá꞉m (high leaders). The primary shelter for the Stó꞉lō people was in the form of a longhouse . Although some modern longhouses were built with gabled roofs, most Stó꞉lō longhouses were built with a single flat, but slanted roof, similar to the Xá꞉ytem Longhouse. Entire extended families would live in a longhouse, and the structure could be extended as the family expanded. Pit houses (or Quiggly hole houses) also were used during earlier generations. Although river and lake canoes were built within Stó꞉lō, larger ocean-going canoes were primarily acquired through trade with indigenous people of

2646-514: The beaver , mountain goat , and sturgeon. Xexá:ls (transformers) fixed the world ("made it right") and the people and animals in it, creating the present landscape. As Carlson notes: There is a continuous record of occupation of S'ólh Téméxw by First Nations people dating from the early Holocene period, 5,000 to 10,000 years ago. Two archaeological sites referred to in the Origins section are well documented. Additional archaeological evidence from

2744-462: The shortline Southern Railway of British Columbia (SRY). CYNJ Langley is serviced by Langley Regional Airport , a small controlled airport with no scheduled service. Harbour Air , the largest float-carrier in the world, formerly served Langley with scheduled service but terminated these flights due to low passenger numbers in 2011. The Langley Airport is also home to the Canadian Museum of Flight , as well as SkyQuest Aviation and Standard Aero,

2842-470: The 1880s. Prior to this, references were primarily to individual tribal groups such as Matsqui , Ts’elxweyeqw, or Sumas. The first traces of people living in the Fraser Valley date from 4,000 to 10,000 years ago. The Stó꞉lō called this area, their traditional territory, S'ólh Téméxw . The early inhabitants of the area were highly mobile hunter-gatherers . There is archeological evidence of a settlement in

2940-546: The City of Langley centre, and continues north through Walnut Grove to the Golden Ears Bridge which leads into Pitt Meadows and Maple Ridge across the Fraser River. Langley is situated directly north of and along the United States border , with Washington state to the south. The northernmost point in Langley is less than 25 km from the border. Langley contains one of the five Lower Mainland border crossings in

3038-565: The Fraser River and its tributaries, including the Chilliwack and the Harrison . Important parts of the community life of the people were related to the life cycle of the salmon. Ceremonies such as the First Salmon ceremony, performed when the first fish was caught each year, reflected its importance in Stó꞉lō culture. The First Salmon Ceremony was held when the first salmon were brought back from

Langley, British Columbia (district municipality) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3136-564: The Langley Board of Trade, the push for independence came to a head in the 1950s. Specifically, two issues decided Langley's future - street lights, which Langley Prairie argued were not only needed for safety but also progress, but on which reeve George Brooks declared "not a nickel" would be spent, and Langley Prairie's belief that it did not have the political sway or its fair share of municipal services that it deserved relative to its local tax contribution. Langley Prairie by now made up 20% of

3234-1055: The PBL Premier Baseball League and the Trinity Western University Spartans in Canadian Interuniversity Sport . In 2023, Vancouver FC from Langley debuted in the Canadian Premier League . There are several ice rinks in town, including the George Preston Centre in Brookswood, the Sportsplex in Walnut Grove, and the Aldergrove arena. There are public swimming pools located at the Walnut Grove Community Centre,

3332-657: The Sisters of St. Ann. That school later moved in 1882 so that construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway could take place. The boys and girls lived separately. There was emphasis on the catechism of the Roman Catholic Church and academics. Later, there was a shift to agriculture and industrial vocations including woodworking, attending mass, ironing and sewing. Parents were allowed to visit and some camped around school. Students were given permission to visit

3430-506: The Sto:lo territory in 1808 recorded the image of a Kwantlen village: Their houses are built of cedar planks and in shape, similar to the one already described, the whole range, which is six hundred and forty feet long by sixty broad, is under one roof, the front is eighteen feet high and the covering is slanting: all the apartments which are separated by partitions are square, except the Chief's, which

3528-570: The Stó꞉lō Nation. Eight others formed the Stó꞉lō Tribal Council. The eight members — Chawathil, Cheam, Kwantlen First Nation, Kwaw-kwaw-Apilt, Scowlitz, Seabird Island, Shxw'ow'hamel First Nation, and Soowahlie — are not participating in the treaty process. Milner, British Columbia Milner is a rural village (small town) and locality in the Township of Langley in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia , Canada. It

3626-402: The Stó꞉lō and miners by creating separate territories for each group to occupy. This began the long history of land disputes between the Stó꞉lō and settlers. As the miners left in large numbers by 1860 the whiskey peddlers came in selling their "fire water" to the Stó꞉lō. Shortly after this more permanent immigrants arrived and began to establish farms. Because no treaties had been signed between

3724-563: The Stó꞉lō and the government, the settlement of this land was not in accordance with the Royal Proclamation of 1763 that stated that all land acquisition from the Aboriginals had to be done legally through a treaty process. No treaties were ever made in BC, and although Governor Douglas planned to create them, the gold rush and subsequent immigration rush hindered this. The main goal of his plan

3822-429: The Stó꞉lō fair compensation for all the land outside of the reserves being occupied by settlers. While setting up the reserves the Stó꞉lō were asked to help mark the territories themselves as it was recognized that only they would know what lands needed to be included such as berry patches, transformer sites, and burial grounds (although many spiritual sites were not revealed to ensure their secrecy). Sergeant William McColl

3920-454: The Stó꞉lō had little interest in beaver. The Hudson Bay Company then began to ask for salmon after seeing the impressive hauls that were being made. In August 1829 the Stó꞉lō traded Fort Langley 7000 Salmon. Since European settlement in Stó꞉lō territory the salmon have been experiencing decreases in numbers. Major contributions to this include the building of the CPR, agriculture, and forestry. One of

4018-641: The Stó꞉lō people is Halq'eméylem, the "Upriver dialect" of Halkomelem . Halq'eméylem is primarily spoken in Harrison Lake , lower Fraser Canyon, and the upper and central Fraser Valley. The dialect is included in the Coast Salish language family. While there are 278 fluent speakers of the dialects of Halkomelem, there are fewer than five fluent speakers of Halq'eméylem. Of these, the speakers who have achieved fluency are of dotage. Because of this, several speakers have been lost in each successive year. In turn,

Langley, British Columbia (district municipality) - Misplaced Pages Continue

4116-462: The Stó꞉lō population. Soon after the 1782 epidemic, the Stó꞉lō encountered Europeans face to face. The first European to explore the region from overland was Simon Fraser , who travelled down the river that bears his name in 1808. The Hudson's Bay Company established trading posts at Fort Langley (in 1827) and Fort Yale (1848). Their involvement in trading with the British brought great changes to

4214-456: The Stó꞉lō were limited in comparison with many other indigenous people, because they had been inoculated with the smallpox vaccine . Although deadly smallpox epidemics broke out at least once more (and possibly in 1824 and 1862), it was, however, only one of a number of serious diseases that would be brought to the area by European colonizers. Measles , mumps , tuberculosis , influenza , and venereal diseases also caused high fatalities among

4312-677: The Township of Langley is Carvolth Exchange - a bus terminal with a park and ride situated next to the Trans-Canada Highway on 202nd Street which provides service to various parts of Langley and the Lower Mainland. Notable is the #555 service, an express bus that connects Langley to Lougheed Town Centre station in Burnaby crossing the Port Mann Bridge . This route uses the HOV interchanges on

4410-638: The Township of Langley. For a list of all communities, see Neighbourhoods in Langley, British Columbia . Aldergrove is a small community centred on Fraser Highway . It is home to the Greater Vancouver Zoo and the Aldergrove Regional Park. Brookswood is a community to the south of the City of Langley. It is a mostly residential area, with Brookswood Village on 200th Street and 40th Avenue featuring independent stores as well as larger chains. The small neighbourhood of Fernridge used to be

4508-619: The Township's tax base. A referendum on secession was therefore held in September, 1954. It passed with over 85% of the vote. Langley Prairie officially seceded and became the City of Langley on March 15, 1955. Langley's growth increased during the economic boom after the Second World War . In 1957, Langley Township, along with other municipalities in British Columbia adopted the grid system for

4606-526: The University of British Columbia. An additional effort the Stó꞉lō Shxweli Halqʼ;eméylem Language Program has partaken in their efforts to revitalize and document the language is by using technology. The language staff involved in the program established an ongoing language archive on the mobile and website application First Voices. The number of singular words archived from the Halq'eméylem

4704-664: The W.C. Blair Recreation Centre in Murrayville , and the Fort Langley Outdoor Pool. The Al Anderson Memorial Pool is also nearby in Langley City . The Langley Ukulele Ensemble is one of the more noteworthy cultural acts to be based out of the district. With a local equine industry valued at over $ 60 million annually, the Township of Langley has become the Horse Capital of BC. As of 2006, Langley farms represented 7.2% of

4802-533: The agricultural areas of Langley, farms produce a variety of fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy and eggs. It is not unusual to see signs on the roadside advertising fresh produce sold direct from the farm. The Langley Circle Farm Tour is a popular way for tourists to experience the various farms and see what Langley produces. Alpacas are farmed in Langley, Kensington Prairie Farm retails an array of specialized alpaca products including rovings, yarn, socks, toques, mitts, scarves, shawls, apparel and housewares. Langley

4900-514: The area permanently were the traders of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). In 1827, Fort Langley was built on the banks of the Fraser River, in the area now known as Derby Reach . It was one of a string of trading posts built along the Pacific Coast to compete with American fur traders for the rich pelts available in the region. Farming as well as cranberry and salmon exports soon replaced fur trading as

4998-410: The central parties that has been involved in the preservation of the language is the Stó꞉lō Shxweli Halqʼeméylem Language Program. In 1994, the program originated under the wing of the education department of the Stó꞉lō Nation's Community Economic Development division. It was established in the efforts to teach members of the community the language and be able to have these community members teach

SECTION 50

#1732844204643

5096-531: The city of Mission until 1948. On arrival at the school students were assigned lockers, beds and dormitory. They were also checked for lice and given two sets of clothes to be worn and marked. Accounts of abuse at the school vary from person to person and at different eras. Terry Glavin writes that in the 1800s, there was no corporal punishment at all, but in later periods strapping became routine, and for some students, conditions were nightmarish. In 1952, 16 students graduated with full grade 12 diplomas. In 1961,

5194-481: The coast and Vancouver island. In the late nineteenth century, the emphasis on water transportation was replaced first by horse and buggy , then by train and automobile. Traditionally, Stó꞉lō girls went through puberty rites at the time of their first menstruation . A pubescent girl would be brought to a pit lined with cedar boughs and told to remain there during daylight hours, leaving only to eat and sleep. Women would bring her fir boughs and instruct her to pick out

5292-491: The community allowed extensive strip development along the Langley Bypass , which has become the new sprawled business area of the city. In the 1990s, the Village of Fort Langley has undergone a revitalization of its core that enhanced its heritage character. In fact, there are no franchises permitted in the village and this has raised its profile as a tourist and independent retail destination with hundreds of thousands of annual visitors. A rowing facility completed in 2009 brings

5390-489: The community of Aldergrove , however British Columbia Highway 15 , which only 3.5 km to the west of Langley in Surrey , leads to the larger Pacific Highway Crossing . Crossing the border here is often faster due to having more open crossing lanes including NEXUS lanes which offer faster crossings for those opted into the NEXUS program. The region is served by TransLink which provides bus services connecting Langley to its neighbouring cities. The largest transit hub in

5488-415: The company and partly for protection from competitors. The fort repelled an attack by the Euclataws of Quadra Island , helping to bring an end to slave raids on the lower Fraser by northern tribes. But, slave raiding continued for several decades after the establishment of Ft. Langley. After Simon Fraser ’s arrival in 1808 and the establishment of Fort Langley in 1827 the gold rush began in 1858. With

5586-448: The decimation of the community, large amounts of important cultural information were lost. It is a testament to the strength of the Stó꞉lō people that they are still a strong culture and community after such devastation. By the late 19th century, the Stó꞉lō's by then extended contact with Europeans enabled them to learn about and get vaccinated for protection against smallpox. The effects of the 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic on

5684-413: The discovery of gold came the influx of over 30,000 miners with goals of striking it rich. These miners created many problems as they encroached closely to Stó꞉lō communities, resources, and homes. With the fierce competition over land many disputes arose concerning the ownership of land and the damage that was being caused by the miners. Governor James Douglas recognized these issues and tried to separate

5782-507: The downtown core. In 2012, upgrades to the highway in the Langley and Surrey region have widened the highway by two lanes in each direction - one new HOV lane and one new regular lane - which has reduced traffic congestion. In addition to this there are HOV exits which provide direct access into the communities for Buses, Motorcycles and Cars with more than one occupant. In addition to the five interchanges, three vehicle overpasses - at 208th Street, Glover Road and 248th Street - cross over

5880-418: The early period has been found throughout the region, including sites at Stave Lake , Coquitlam Lake , and Fort Langley . Many more sites exist that date from the middle Holocene period (c. 5,500–3,000 years ago). Tools found indicate considerable continuity with the early period. One striking feature of this period is the introduction of permanent house sites, showing evidence of cultural transmission from

5978-446: The export of cranberries and salmon would soon become the fort's main source of profit. In 1858, gold was discovered in the Fraser River in what is now the interior of British Columbia , and the fort also became important as a supply station for the miners heading up the river toward the gold fields. With thousands of gold prospectors, many of them American, streaming into the region, the British government created British Columbia as

SECTION 60

#1732844204643

6076-433: The fort's primary source of income. The first fort (1827-1839), built with two bastions, a wooden stockade and several buildings, proved to have been built too close to a fast-moving part of the river, in an area prone to flooding. It was rebuilt in 1839 farther upstream. As the HBC's network of forts in the interior grew, Fort Langley became a hub for farming, smithing and for shipping furs back to Europe. Along with farming,

6174-418: The grid system was introduced. Many of the old road names have been replaced with numeric designations, however Heritage and Pioneer markers installed by the council are placed on many of the roads to highlight their original name. Highway 1, also known as the Trans-Canada Highway, cuts through the northern part of Langley. The Walnut Grove and Willoughby communities are popular with commuters due to being

6272-570: The highway, stopping at Surrey (via the 156th Street HOV interchange) and using the Government Street and 202nd Street HOV interchanges to leave and exit the highway. The SkyTrain rapid transit system is due to be extended to Langley by 2028. Two Skytrain stations are planned for Langley, one at the border between Surrey and the Township of Langley at 196 Street, and another in the City of Langley at 203 Street. The community group South Fraser Community Rail have been campaigning for TransLink to run passenger trains along existing railway tracks through

6370-459: The highway. An overpass carries rail traffic exclusively a few hundred metres east of Glover Road. Fraser Highway used to be part of the Trans-Canada Highway but was replaced in 1964. It is a major road that runs from the centre of Surrey, through Cloverdale , the City of Langley , Murrayville and continues on to Abbotsford . While the speed limit between Langley and Abbotsford qualifies as highway speed at 80 km/h, between Langley and Surrey

6468-428: The historic Lochiel Schoolhouse. Langley takes part in British Columbia's wine-making tradition and has many wineries with a temperate climate which allow grapes to grow. This includes places such as the Fort Wine Co. in Fort Langley, and Vista D'oro winery in the south, both of which have produced award-winning wines, with the latter reaching international acclaim at the Shanghai International Wine Competition 2012. In

6566-577: The language is facing the threat of extinction. In residential schools, such as St. Mary's Residential School in Mission, BC, students were prohibited from speaking their language. If students did speak their language instead of the desired English, they would often be punished physically or mentally to reinforce which language was to be spoken – or not spoken. With a lack of opportunity to speak ʼeméylem in their environment and inability to go home in most cases, students in attendance at residential schools frequently lost their language. In present day,

6664-438: The language to others. In addition, the development of curriculum in Halq'eméylem was desired. The initial program has led to the Stó꞉lō Shxweli Halqʼeméylem Language Program working with post-secondary institutions in British Columbia to allow course offerings to students regardless of background. Among the post-secondary schools offering Halq'eméylem is the University of the Fraser Valley , Simon Fraser University, and

6762-511: The lower Fraser Canyon (called "the Milliken site" after historian August 'Gus' Milliken ) and a seasonal encampment ("the Glenrose Cannery site") near the mouth of the Fraser River. Remains of this latter campsite show that in spring and early summer, the people came here to hunt land and sea mammals , such as deer , elk , and seals and, to a lesser extent, to fish for salmon , stickleback , eulachon , and sturgeon and to gather shellfish . Their lives depended on their success at harvesting

6860-436: The most developed areas with the easiest access to the highway. By road, the highway is the fastest method of reaching Vancouver and all the cities along the route, such as Surrey , Coquitlam , New Westminster and Burnaby . Depending on the traffic volume it can take between 25 and 35 minutes to enter Vancouver city limits. For reaching Downtown Vancouver , drivers can exit at Hastings Street and continue westbound into

6958-518: The needles one at a time, but this was the only work she would be allowed to do; other women would feed and wash the girl until her first menstrual period was over. This custom was practiced widely, at least until youth were sent to residential schools . The Stó꞉lō have two elected tribal councils: the Sto꞉lo Nation Chiefs Council and the Stó꞉lō Tribal Council . Several bands belong to each council and some to both. Six bands belong to neither council (see below for list). The Chehalis Indian Band of

7056-518: The neighbourhood. The municipal government, however, refused to finance these projects as it bowed, instead, to politically influential farming communities and smaller, mostly rural, business centres, like Fort Langley, Milner and Murrayville, that viewed such spending as unnecessary. Talk of secession began in Langley Prairie in the 1930s, as a result. Headed by a panel of important residents and businesspersons, including Richard Langdon, president of

7154-406: The newer major issues is the expanding farmed salmon industry. The farmed salmon are transferring lice and disease to the wild salmon. This is further harming the already dwindling numbers. Stó꞉lō society was organized into classes: the sí꞉yá꞉m (or upper classes), the ordinary people, and the slaves, who were usually captives taken from enemy tribes in raids or warfare. A person's family status

7252-461: The original communities of Fort Langley and Murrayville, instead happening adjacent to Langley City and near the Trans-Canada highway, likely due to the influence of private automobiles. In February 2006, the Township of Langley moved its Municipal Hall from the "core area" of the Township to the growing Willoughby area. The new facility also includes a new library, fitness room (which incorporates

7350-580: The plan for the Carvolth Neighbourhood in Willoughby is promoting the construction of new office buildings in proximity to Highway 1 and 200th Street. The Township of Langley is largely a suburban community, but, while the centre is increasingly urban, the periphery (particularly in the south and southeast) maintains its agricultural nature. The neighbourhoods of Willoughby and Walnut Grove are quite suburban and feature large numbers of big-box stores ,

7448-439: The practice was dying out there was a settlement of former slaves called Freedom Village ( Halkomelem : Chiʼckim). In some bands, the memory of which families descend from slaves may persist. The Síyá꞉m (leader) were the most influential members of each family. Expert hunters were referred to as Tewit and led during the hunting season. Leaders with influence over entire villages or tribal groups were sometimes known as

7546-640: The provincial total of horses and ponies. Langley Township is served by the School District 35 Langley . It also contains one francophone elementary school, École des Voyageurs , which is part of the province-wide CSF (conseil scolaire francophone), School District 93 , and there is the Langley Fine Arts School in Fort Langley. The largest school in Langley is the Walnut Grove Secondary School which has about 2000 students. Langley

7644-480: The relationships of the Stó꞉lō with each other and with the land. Although the HBC built the posts with the fur trade in mind, trade in salmon soon took over as the primary item of exchange. Between 1830 and 1849, Fort Langley's purchases of salmon increased from 200 barrels to 2610 barrels. The Kwantlen branch of the Stó꞉lō relocated their main village to the proximity of the fort, partly to maintain primacy in trade with

7742-505: The reserves. He felt that the Stó꞉lō did not need most of the land promised to them by Douglas and McColl. Trutch believed that if the land was not being used for agrarian purposes it was not required. He reduced the reserves by 91% in 1867, siding with the settlers who had begun to build homes and farms in the area. Trutch also took away many of the rights that Douglas had given to the Stó꞉lō. They no longer were allowed to participate in government or able to pre-empt or purchase land outside of

7840-545: The reserves. In the years following these events the federal and provincial governments have paid very little attention to the problems that First Nations people have been experiencing in British Columbia. In 1990 British Columbia acknowledged that Aboriginal rights to land and resources needed to be extinguished by treaty as stated in the 1763 Royal Proclamation . They created the BC Treaty Commission to help deal with these issues. St. Mary's Indian Residential School

7938-405: The resources of the land and the rivers through fishing, foraging, and hunting. Contemporary Stó꞉lō elders describe their connection to the land in the statement "we have always been here." They tell of their arrival in S'ólh Téméxw as either Tel Swayel ("sky-born" people) or as Tel Temexw ("earth-born" people) and through the subsequent transformations of ancestral animals and fish such as

8036-422: The river. It was then shared with either the entire community or more privately in a family setting. After the salmon meat was eaten the bones of the fish were then returned to the river. This was to show respect to the salmon people. If the ceremony was not performed and the fish not shared it was said that the fisher would experience bad luck for the rest of the year and the salmon run may not be as strong. Salmon

8134-495: The road network. In 1967, Langley Township became part of Metro Vancouver . As with many other parts of Canada and cities in the United States , the Vancouver region expanded with the growth of the suburb . With the completion of the faster Trans-Canada Highway route in 1964 in the north of Langley, suburb communities such as Walnut Grove appeared in Langley which were popular with commuters. Most of this growth happened outside of

8232-411: The second and more likely theory is that it was brought to the coast through trade routes with Europeans. It is estimated that the epidemic killed two thirds of the Stó꞉lō population, approximately 61%, within six weeks. During the epidemic traditional responses to illness may have made the outbreak worse. One method was gathering around the sick person’s bed to sing and pray. This exposed more people to

8330-447: The speed limit is primarily 60 km/h with the route having frequent traffic lights. This usually means longer travel time than using Highway 1 to reach Surrey City Centre. However, since Fraser Highway goes directly between urban centres, it remains a popular route. 200 is the longest street that runs through Langley and is a major traffic artery. It starts at 0 Avenue at the U.S. Border (as Carvolth Road), up through Brookswood , into

8428-560: The students moved to a new government-run residential school of the same name on the eastern border of Mission, and the Roman Catholic School was closed. In 1985, all buildings of the former schools were destroyed, making it the last residential school in British Columbia. The grounds of the school are now part of Fraser River Heritage Park. New Bell Tower, built in 2000, also housed the 1875 original bell from Mission. The Mission Indian Friendship Centre in 2001 provided funds to build

8526-613: The surrounding field. There are two major eras found in the dig, one 3000BP and the other from 5000-9000BP . Both indicate posthole and timber-frame construction and advanced social and economic life. The site was eventually abandoned and covered by flooding and sediment during the ongoing evolution of the Fraser delta. In the early 21st century, a group of structures known variously as the Fraser Valley Pyramids or Scowlitz Mounds at Harrison Bay, near Chehalis, are under investigation by

8624-507: The trend of individuals not being able to speak their language continues. English has still been taking precedence over the speaking of Halq'eméylem. With those who have fluency in the language passing away, and children not being raised in environments in which Halq'eméylem is learned and utilized as English has. As the Stó꞉lō people, like other Aboriginal groups, consider their language to be an important aspect of their culture, there have been efforts made to revitalize Halq'eméylem. One of

8722-429: The virus. Other practices included cleansing sweats and cold morning baths which would have shocked the infected person’s body causing more harm. Those who survived were affected with blindness and other permanent disabilities making hunting and other activities difficult. This caused many people to suffer from hunger along with the emotional damage from debilitation. Stó꞉lō culture is based on an oral tradition, and with

8820-717: Was also decided to hold an evening service on the fourth Sunday of every Monday, beginning on November 24, 1990. On January 1, 1991, the Milner United Church congregation of the Fort Langley-Milner pastoral charge was amalgamated with the St. Andrew's United Church congregation. The Milner property was sold, and the new one-point pastoral charge was named St. Andrew's-Fort Langley Pastoral Charge. 49°08′00″N 122°37′00″W  /  49.13333°N 122.61667°W  / 49.13333; -122.61667 This article about

8918-509: Was built through the community in 1910, followed by Fraser Highway in the 1920s, and the construction of the Pattullo Bridge in 1937, all adding to Langley's importance. These developments impacted the Langley Prairie area in particular, transforming it into the Township's main urban and commercial core. In turn, this birthed the need for upgraded and new amenities, especially with respect to health, infrastructure, safety and sanitation, in

9016-475: Was directed in 1864 by Douglas to create the reserves. The surveyors outlined 15,760 hectors through present day Abbotsford, Chilliwack, and Mission. This may seem like a large amount of land, but was small in comparison to the land available to settlers. Soon after the survey was completed Douglas retired and McColl died. Joseph Trutch , the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, was placed in charge of

9114-463: Was important in determining their role within Stó꞉lō society, and within Longhouse ceremonies, though this has faded over time. Slaves may have been treated relatively well, but they were not permitted to eat with others at the Longhouse fire. They were primarily responsible for daily tasks such as gathering nuts, fruits and other foods, or firewood. The use of slaves died out in the nineteenth century. As

9212-731: Was signed in 1977. Twenty-one of these nations entered the BC Treaty Process as the Sto꞉lo Nation Chiefs Council in August 1995. Four First Nations withdrew from the treaty process, leaving seventeen to reach Stage Four of the six-stage process. In 2005, an internal reorganization of the nineteen Stó꞉lō First Nations divided them into two tribal councils. Eleven of these First Nations — Aitchelitz, Leq'a:mel, Matsqui, Popkum, Shxwhá:y Village, Skawahlook, Skowkale, Squiala, Sumas, Tzeachten, and Yakweakwioose — chose to remain in

9310-498: Was smoked, this was traditionally done for a week or two but with modern refrigeration technology smoking is only done for a few days. Dried salmon was then either boiled or steamed before eating. Salmon was not only used for food, it was also crucial for trading. This began when the Hudson’s Bay Company set up trading posts in Stó꞉lō territory. They originally wanted the Stó꞉lō to hunt beaver for them but quickly learned that

9408-418: Was the assimilation of the Stó꞉lō into European culture. He hoped to have Stó꞉lō pre-empt crown land for agricultural development and have them lease out parts of the reserves to non-Aboriginal farmers to aid in assimilation. While waiting to be able to negotiate treaties, which were a very expensive process, he attempted to create large Indian reserves of at least 40 hectares per family. Douglas also promised

9506-583: Was the name of two Indian residential schools in Mission , British Columbia. It was first operated by the Roman Catholic Church of Canada and secondly by the Canadian federal government. The school had approximately 2000 children in attendance with most of them Stó꞉lō. Opened in 1863 as a school of boys housing 42 students in its first year a girls section was added in 1868, but was split off and operated by

9604-458: Was the preferred food of the Stó꞉lō and was seen as superior to other types of meat. Meat and salmon were classified differently and salmon was said to give individuals energy while meat makes you feel heavy and lazy. In order to have salmon through the off seasons it was preserved through two different methods. In the summer salmon was wind dried with salt in the Fraser Canyon. In the fall salmon

#642357