A strip mall , strip center , strip plaza or simply plaza is a type of shopping center common in North America and Australia where the stores are arranged in a row, with a footpath in front. Strip malls are typically developed as a unit and have large parking lots in front. Many of them face major traffic arterials and tend to be self-contained with few pedestrian connections to surrounding neighborhoods. Smaller strip malls may be called mini-malls , while larger ones may be called power centers or big box centers . In 2013, The New York Times reported that the United States had 65,840 strip malls. In 2020, The Wall Street Journal wrote that in the United States, despite the continuing retail apocalypse that started in around 2010, investments and visitor numbers were increasing to strip malls.
68-660: The City of Langley , commonly referred to as Langley City , or just Langley , is a municipality in the Metro Vancouver Regional District in British Columbia , Canada. It lies directly east of Surrey , adjacent to the Cloverdale area, and is surrounded elsewhere by the Township of Langley , bordered by its neighbourhoods of Willowbrook to the north, Murrayville to the east, and Brookswood and Fern Ridge to
136-414: A general store , toy store , pet store , jewelry store , mattress store, convenience store , thrift shop , or pawn shop . In the past, pharmacies were often located next to the grocery stores, but are now often free-standing or contained within the anchor tenant (e.g. Walmart , Target) or grocery store. Gas stations , banks , and other businesses also may have their own free-standing buildings in
204-592: A Regional Context Statement to "demonstrate to the Metro Vancouver Board how its Official Community Plan Supports the RGS." The five goals of the RGS are to: Regional planning also includes planning and policy-making in agriculture and the food industry. The organization is committed to the goals and strategies in the Regional Food System Strategy, as approved by the board. The goals are to: In 2018,
272-594: A bi-weekly basis. Other governmental departments include the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer, Corporate Services, Development Services & Economic Development, Engineering, Parks & Environment, Recreation, Culture and Community Services, and the Langley City Fire Rescue Service. The City of Langley has a joint RCMP detachment with the township of Langley. Langley is also
340-582: A change of 7.3% from its 2016 population of 2,463,431 . With a land area of 2,878.93 km (1,111.56 sq mi), it had a population density of 918.0/km (2,377.6/sq mi) in 2021. The Metro Vancouver Regional District is the densest and most populous regional district in British Columbia, and the second-densest and second-most populous census division in Canada behind Toronto . Metro Vancouver technically comprises four separate corporate entities:
408-445: A children’s waterpark and playground, a lacrosse box, twelve picnic tables, and public washrooms. A covered picnic shelter that can accommodate up to 75 people is available and can be booked for a picnic. This is an 18-acre, fully fenced area with a perimeter walking path. Dogs and their owners can meet and enjoy a large open space for walking and playing. There is also a drinking fountain designed for both dogs and people. Douglas Park
476-422: A fenced dog park and a wheelchair accessible playground. Public washrooms are available. This park has a suitable parking area and is the starting point to enter the floodplain and various walking trails. This park is home to North America's largest Parkour Course, with an in-ground trampoline, numerous climbing walls, balance beams, and swinging bars will provide hours of creative physical fun. In addition, there
544-508: A key component in the Canadian federal electoral district of the same name , which was formed in 2004. The Member of Parliament for the constituency is Liberal John Aldag . In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Langley had a population of 28,963 living in 12,598 of its 13,271 total private dwellings, a change of 11.9% from its 2016 population of 25,888. With a land area of 10.18 km (3.93 sq mi), it had
612-513: A nickel" would be spent. Second was Langley Prairie's belief that it had neither the political sway nor fair share of municipal services that it deserved relative to its local tax contribution. Langley Prairie by then constituted 20% of the Township's tax base. A referendum on secession was therefore held in September, 1954. It passed with over 85% of the vote. Langley Prairie officially seceded and became
680-444: A paved play area for ball hockey and basketball, an intermediate soccer field, and a softball diamond. Public washrooms are available, though a close eye on your children is advisable, as used needles and other drug paraphernalia are often found lying in the open. Brydon Lagoon is south of the park and has a peaceful perimeter walk around the lagoon where one may observe wildfowl and turtles. This park features Al Anderson Memorial Pool,
748-429: A population density of 2,845.1/km (7,368.7/sq mi) in 2021. Metro Vancouver Regional District The Metro Vancouver Regional District ( MVRD ), or simply Metro Vancouver , is a Canadian political subdivision and corporate entity representing the metropolitan area of Greater Vancouver , designated by provincial legislation as one of the 28 regional districts in British Columbia . The organization
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#1732844878279816-404: A retail centre in the city. Douglas Park is also near this area in the downtown and is seen as the main park in the city, frequently being used for events and shows. In Summer 2013, McBurney Plaza opened to the public replacing McBurney Lane (previously used as a parking lot). This area connects Fraser Highway and Douglas Park with a pedestrian boulevard, providing outdoor space for cafes and space
884-488: A section of downtown Langley. Mayor Nathan Pachal who supported the motion said that there was now an opportunity for the city to get creative to find new ways to create childcare spaces in other areas of the city, particularly residential areas. There are over 17 public parks in this city. They range from small neighbourhood adventure playgrounds, to larger parks with nature trails, wildlife, and various sporting fields and equipment. This park contains an adventure playground,
952-588: Is a kid size parkour course, a basketball court with optional volleyball net, dirt jumps for mountain bike enthusiasts, and a pump track. A nature trail passes through the park. This park contains a playground, ball diamond, senior soccer field, display garden beds, and public washrooms. A paved walking path follows the perimeter, and the facilities are wheelchair accessible. This park contains botanical gardens that feature 3.67 acres of plants, shrubs and trees. A nature trail passes through this park, and there are two duck ponds. There are several varieties of wildfowl in
1020-601: Is a private Christian liberal arts university, both have campuses in Langley. Both KPU and TWU are members of Universities Canada . Langley Community Music School was founded in 1969 and is the third largest community music school in the province. Major roads in the City of Langley include 200 Street, 64 Avenue, Fraser Highway, Glover Road, and the Langley Bypass which carries part of British Columbia Highway 10 . These roads serve as
1088-477: Is committed to the goals and strategies in the Regional Parks Plan, as approved by the board. The four goals are to: Regional parks are distinct from municipal parks in that they are typically more "wild" and represent unique geographical zones within the region, such as bogs and mature rainforests . Regional economic prosperity is a service of Metro Vancouver organized to advance a shared prosperity in
1156-468: Is determined by population, and the number of votes allocated to each director further helps proportionally represent the population distribution of the region. Each board director is also an elected official of one of the local authorities, with the exception of the elected representative for Electoral Area A (which has no council). As of 2017, the organization had about 1,500 employees. The current organizational structure shows ten departments reporting to
1224-429: Is located at the intersection of Douglas Crescent and 206th Street in Langley, British Columbia , Canada. The park contains an adventure playground, two tennis courts, a water park (seasonal), bowling green, sports box, basketball hoops and public washrooms. It also has an outdoor covered performance platform called "Langley Spirit Square". Langley Spirit Square is the site of an annual Shakespeare performance, "Bard in
1292-720: Is located east of the Strait of Georgia and north of the State of Washington and is bisected by the Fraser River . The boundaries of the MVRD match those of the Vancouver CMA. This regional district comprises 23 local authorities as members: 21 municipalities, one electoral area and one treaty First Nation. Electoral Area A comprises all unincorporated land within the regional district boundaries, which totals about 818 square kilometres. Most of
1360-476: Is more common and often located at the intersection of major streets in residential areas; it caters to a small residential area. This type of strip mall or plaza is found in nearly every city or town in the United States and Canada; it is service-oriented and may contain a grocery store , hair salon , dry cleaner , laundromat , small restaurant , discount stores , variety stores , and similar stores such as
1428-682: Is planned to have one station. They are aiming to finish construction by 2028. The Fraser Highway is one of the major east-west corridors servicing the City of Langley and the Township of Langley. The "502" bus route operates on a 15-minute headway (12 minutes during rush hour) from the Surrey Central Station in north Surrey to the Langley Centre bus loop in the City of Langley via Fraser Highway. The "503" Express service, launched on June 23, 2014, provides express service between Surrey Central Station and Langley Centre and local service through
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#17328448782791496-653: Is professional cyclist Svein Tuft of the Greenedge Cycling Team. The Langley Thunder is a Senior A team in the Western Lacrosse Association , part of the Canadian Lacrosse Association . School District 35 Langley operates public schools. The City of Langley is home to six Elementary schools and one Middle school , H. D. Stafford Middle School . Five major high schools are located in
1564-510: Is provided by four legal entities that operate under the name Metro Vancouver: the GVWD, the GVS&;DD, the MVRD and MVHC. They collectively serve 2.8 million residents in the region and provide 1.5 billion litres (400,000,000 US gal) of water during peak summer days. The GVWD provides tap water to a land area covering more than 2,600 km² with all of the water coming from three sources:
1632-449: Is served by TransLink , which operates the regional transportation network of Metro Vancouver . Langley is served by several regular bus routes, and six "community shuttle" routes operating smaller capacity mini-buses. Currently, Langley doesn't have a rapid transit service, but an extension of the SkyTrain's Expo Line is planned, and it will reach all the way to the city of Langley, which
1700-640: Is the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The number of directors of the housing corporation is 13. Metro Vancouver works in collaboration with its members to achieve a shared vision of livability across the generations, as laid out in the Regional Growth Strategy (RGS), which was approved by the board in 2011, replacing the Livable Region Strategic Plan (LRSP). The RGS requires each member local authority to provide
1768-806: The Capilano reservoir , the Seymour reservoir and the Coquitlam reservoir . Metro Vancouver controls the Cleveland Dam on the Capilano reservoir, which supplies 40 percent of the district's water. The system includes 26 storage tanks, 19 pump stations, and 520 kilometres (320 mi) of water mains . Metro Vancouver operates and maintains the liquid waste facility, which includes managing "the network of trunk sewers, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants that connect with municipal sewer systems". Throughout operations,
1836-528: The Strait of Georgia to the west. The MVRD is under the direction of 23 local authorities and delivers regional services, sets policy and acts as a political forum. The regional district's most populous city is Vancouver , and Metro Vancouver's administrative offices are located in the city of Burnaby . The MVRD's boundaries match those of the Vancouver census metropolitan area (CMA) as identified by Statistics Canada . The Greater Vancouver Water District and
1904-789: The Vancouver Bandits of the Canadian Elite Basketball League are based at the Langley Events Centre in the Township of Langley . The Langley Blaze of the Premier Baseball League is based at McLeod Park. A local Little League baseball team represented Canada in the 2011 Little League World Series in Williamsport, PA. Brett Lawrie , an infielder for the Chicago White Sox is from Langley, as
1972-679: The "501 Surrey Central Station" (via 200 St, Carvolth Exchange, Port Kells Industrial and to Surrey Central Station via Guildford Exchange. The "595" to Maple Ridge heads along 208 street, and across the Golden Ears Bridge . As of December 1, 2012, TransLink had created a new "555 Port Mann Express / Lougheed Town Centre Station " rapid bus service which operates between Carvolth Exchange (in Langley Township ) and Lougheed Town Centre Station (in Burnaby ) via Highway 1 , with just one stop along
2040-471: The 1930s, as a result. Headed by a panel of important residents and businesspersons, including Richard Langdon, president of the Langley Board of Trade, the push for independence came to a head in the 1950s. Specifically, two issues decided Langley's future. First was street lights, which Langley Prairie argued were needed not only for safety but also progress, yet on which reeve George Brooks declared "not
2108-513: The Chief Administrative Officer: Human Resources & Corporate Services; External Relations; Financial Services; Legal Services & Aboriginal Relations; Board & Information Services; Liquid Waste Services; Parks & Housing Services; Planning & Environment; Solid Waste Services; and Water Services. The principal function of Metro Vancouver is to administer resources and services which are common across
Langley, British Columbia (city) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-490: The City of Langley on March 15, 1955. Langley City follows the same block system as its neighbouring Township of Langley as well as other Districts in the Fraser Valley, where Streets run north-south, and Avenues run east-west. Many natural and artificial barriers prevent Langley City from following a complete tidy grid: This has affected development in a number of ways, for example, the Langley Bypass turns 45 degrees in
2244-585: The Corporate Climate Action Plan, the purpose of which is to, "set out strategies and actions to achieve Metro Vancouver's commitment to corporate carbon neutrality and to adapt [its] corporate infrastructure and activities to the anticipated consequences of climate change ." The strategies of the plan are to: Strip mall In the United Kingdom and Ireland such malls are called retail parks or retail outlets. They are usually located on
2312-664: The Fraser, and at Port Mann , beneath the south foot of the Port Mann Bridge . Metro Vancouver owns and manages housing complexes throughout the region via the Metro Vancouver Housing Corporation (MVHC); it also forms policy on homelessness and affordable housing for the region. The MVHC's board-approved goals, as outlined in the Affordable Housing Strategy, are to: The MVHC's sole shareholder
2380-517: The GVRD applied to change its official legal name a second time to simply "Metro Vancouver", which was deemed more recognizable at the time. British Columbia's Minister of Community Services denied the application due to the absence of the term "regional district" within the proposed new name, though it was suggested that the GVRD could brand itself under the unofficial name of Metro Vancouver. After nine years, with growing public recognition of Metro Vancouver,
2448-682: The Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District were established in 1924 and 1956 respectively. The Government of British Columbia incorporated a regional district for this western portion of the Lower Mainland named the Regional District of Fraser-Burrard on 29 June 1967. Just under a year later, the regional district was renamed as the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) on 13 June 1968. In 2007,
2516-569: The Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD), the Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District (GVS&DD), the Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) and the Metro Vancouver Housing Corporation (MVHC). Each of these is governed by a board of directors. The board of the MVRD has 40 directors coming from the 23 local authorities who are MVRD members. The number of directors coming from each local authority
2584-404: The Township of Langley into Aldergrove . In September 2019, the 503 was upgraded to provide service every 8 minutes during peak hour. Riders are now given the benefit of being able to board and get off the bus at any 503 stop. The other major routes include the "320 Surrey Central Station" (via Cloverdale), "341 Guildford" (via Cloverdale, & Newton), the "364 Scottsdale" (via 64th avenue), and
2652-448: The Valley." Douglas Recreation Centre, situated in the park, offers many programs for the citizens of Langley and is also available for rentals such as wedding receptions or banquets and other events. In 2000, there were plans to build a library in the park, but public opposition forced the library be built elsewhere. In 1971, Langley's city council had plans to install a Chinese garden in
2720-417: The area is in the northernmost part of the district, including residential areas and isolated dwellings on Howe Sound between Lions Bay and Horseshoe Bay, on Indian Arm to the north of Deep Cove and Belcarra/Anmore and on the west side of Pitt Lake to the north of Port Coquitlam. Other areas included are Barnston Island on the Fraser River , Passage Island between Bowen Island and West Vancouver, and finally
2788-608: The area, transforming it from rural into the main urban and commercial core of the Township. In turn, this birthed the need for upgraded and new amenities, especially with respect to health, infrastructure, safety and sanitation. The municipal government, however, refused to finance these projects as it bowed, instead, to politically influential farming communities and smaller, mostly rural, business centres, like Fort Langley , Milner and Murrayville , that viewed such spending as unnecessary. Talk of secession began in Langley Prairie in
Langley, British Columbia (city) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2856-528: The area. Today, with the Trans-Canada Highway now in the north of the Langley Township, the downtown is more pedestrian oriented. Where Fraser Highway goes through the downtown it is reduced to a single lane of traffic in one direction to limit traffic flow. This stretch is often affectionately referred to by residents as "The One-Way" and is lined with restaurants and shops on either side, making it
2924-608: The backbone of the road infrastructure network by handling traffic from the west in Surrey, Delta, and Ladner, as well as from the east in Aldergrove and Abbotsford. Trains from across the country pass by the city on a regular basis. A major rail corridor runs alongside the Langley Bypass and towards the Roberts Bank Superport , which handles the export and import of various commodities coming in and out of Asia. The City of Langley
2992-486: The city can use for street performance and other civic events. Just outside this downtown centre are strip malls and a number of low rise apartment buildings. Most detached housing remains outside the downtown area. By 2024, Langley had 1,400 childcare spots, which was less than needed. In 2024, amid a shortage of childcare facilities in Langley, the City Council limited the opening of new childcare facilities within
3060-523: The definition of: Note that ICSC classifications vary slightly for Europe as well as for Asia Pacific. The Park and Shop in Cleveland Park, Washington, D.C. opened in 1930, anchored by a Piggly Wiggly supermarket. It was built in an L shape with dedicated parking space for shoppers in the front, a novelty at the time. The center still exists as of 2020, anchored by a Target store and measuring 50,400 square feet (4,680 m ). The smaller variety
3128-488: The district of Mission , located to the east, although often linked to Vancouver in promotions and tourism, are part of a separate regional district, the Fraser Valley Regional District . As a census division in the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , the Metro Vancouver Regional District had a population of 2,642,825 living in 1,043,319 of its 1,104,532 total private dwellings,
3196-545: The environment with respect to air quality, improve visual air quality and minimize the region's contribution to climate change . The organization is committed to the goals and strategies in the Integrated Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Management Plan, as approved by the board. The three goals are to: The parks department of Metro Vancouver oversees the development and maintenance of 23 regional parks, as well as various nature reserves and greenways. The organization
3264-763: The goals and strategies in the Integrated Solid Waste and Resource Management plan, as approved by the board. The four goals are to: One initiative of the organization was the Ashcroft Manor Ranch Mega- Landfill Proposal in Ashcroft, British Columbia , in the Thompson Country of the British Columbia Interior , as there is no more room in the Lower Mainland for Metro Vancouver's garbage. A similar project nearby adjacent to
3332-471: The grid in place. Even Grade Crescent, which is much further south than these roads, follows this same angle, demonstrating the impact Fraser Highway had on the development of Langley. Langley City's Downtown was developed around Old Yale Road , which later on became Fraser Highway. Until 1964, Fraser Highway was part of the Trans-Canada Highway network - this major route attracted many businesses to
3400-559: The metropolitan area. The Metro Vancouver Board has defined its strategic priorities for 2015 through 2018 in its Board Strategic Plan. The organization categorizes its work into action areas as described in the following subsections. However, 84% of the organization's budget is spent in three of those areas – the three utilities (water, liquid waste, solid waste). Metro Vancouver's commitments and its members' commitments to each action area are outlined in eight board-approved management plans as referenced below. Metro Vancouver's tap water
3468-484: The metropolitan area. The proliferation of mini-malls from that time into the 1980s led to a 1988 anti-mini-mall ordinance in Los Angeles. The other variety of strip mall in the United States is usually anchored on one end by a big box retailer, such as Walmart, Kohl's , or Target, and/or by a large supermarket like Kroger , Publix or Winn-Dixie on the other. They are usually referred to as power centers in
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#17328448782793536-467: The north-west, tracing the boundary outline since it was constructed by the City and could not go over the boundary into the Langley Township. Many streets come to an abrupt halt when reaching the river and continue on the other side without a connecting bridge. Roads such as Douglas Crescent, Logan Avenue, and Eastleigh Crescent parallel the 45-degree angles of Fraser Highway and Glover Road, almost proposing an alternative grid at an angle which conflicts with
3604-477: The organization is committed to protecting public health and the environment, and recovering as much resources (energy, nutrients, etc.) as possible out of the waste stream. The liquid waste utility is committed to the goals and strategies in the Integrated Liquid Waste and Resource Management plan, as approved by the board. The three goals are to: Metro Vancouver's solid waste utility is committed to
3672-485: The organization's board also adopted the Ecological Health Framework, which encapsulates Metro Vancouver’s collective efforts around ecological health and provides guiding principles, goals, and strategies to help achieve the vision of a "beautiful, healthy, and resilient environment for current and future generations." The goals are: The organization runs programs and set policy to protect public health and
3740-521: The outskirts of towns and cities, and serve as an alternative to the high street in the UK or main street in Ireland. Retail parks have become popular due to the widespread use of cars and the ability to park close to the shops as opposed to restricted parking on high streets, many of which are pedestrianised . In Australia "strip shops" or "shopping centre" describes a line of independent shops and buildings along
3808-472: The overall success of the brand, and confusion between the brand and the official legal name of the regional district, the GVRD moved in 2016 to change its name to the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The regional district was therefore formally renamed a second time by the Government of British Columbia on 30 January 2017 to the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD)
3876-407: The park, but this was never carried out. In 1982, a day care centre in the park was replaced by a bowls meeting house and a bowling green was established adjacent to it. Douglas Park is the main park in the City of Langley for events, festivals and other civic activities. Featuring a permanent stage, the park is equipped for live performance of music, theatre and other arts. This park contains
3944-822: The park, including geese and ducks. The tropical greenhouse has a wide variety of exotic plants and is open to the public April 1 to October 1. The Langley Rams of the British Columbia Conference of the Canadian Junior Football League are based at the MacLeod Stadium in the Township of Langley . The Langley Rivermen of the British Columbia Hockey League , the Vancouver Giants of the Western Hockey League and
4012-570: The parking lot of the strip center. The mini-mall in Los Angeles is seen as the descendant of the drive-in markets with multiple independent vendors that appeared in the area in the 1920s. The 1973 oil crisis bankrupted many gas stations, freeing up their corner lots for redevelopment. La Mancha developers built the first modern-style mini-mall – a few stores with parking in front – in Panorama City, Los Angeles in 1973, with over 600 to follow in
4080-479: The principal streets of a city or suburban area, which are not set back from the pavement (footpath) and do not have dedicated car parking spaces. Strip malls and retail parks often range in size from 5,000 square feet (460 m ) to over 100,000 square feet (9,300 m ). In the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) classification of shopping centers , U.S. and Canadian strip malls may fit
4148-448: The real estate development industry because they attract and cater to residents of an expanded population area. The categories of retailers may vary widely, from electronics stores to bookstores to home improvement stores , dollar stores , and boutiques . There are typically only a few of this type of strip malls in a city, compared to the smaller types. Retailers vary from center to center, ranging from three or four large retailers to
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#17328448782794216-565: The region. The service is structured around three functions: fostering collaboration, conducting regional data collection and research, and attracting investment. Metro Vancouver undertakes support functions that underpin the rest of its service areas. In these areas, the organization commits to "contribute to the effective and efficient performance of our regional roles through leadership and collaboration with our members and other stakeholders." There are eight strategic directions guiding work in this area: The organization's board has also adopted
4284-452: The south. Early European settlement in the area was known as "Innes Corners" (after homesteader Adam Innes); in 1911, the area became known as "Langley Prairie", part of the Township of Langley a.k.a. Langley Township since 1873. Twentieth-century improvements in transportation access, including the construction of the British Columbia Electric Railway in 1910, Fraser Highway in the 1920s, and Pattullo Bridge in 1937, profoundly impacted
4352-458: The surrounding area; Brookswood Secondary School , Langley Secondary School , D. W. Poppy Secondary School , Walnut Grove Secondary School , & R. E. Mountain Secondary School . They are located in the Township of Langley . The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates one Francophone school: école des Voyageurs primary school. Kwantlen Polytechnic University (KPU) and Trinity Western University (TWU), which
4420-412: The town of Cache Creek, British Columbia has almost reached capacity. Environmental concerns about the area's sensitive shrub–steppe climate and ecology are strong, while Highland Valley Copper , near Logan Lake , has offered the use of its mine-pit instead. Other MVRD landfill locations serving the regional district in the past have been in the Fraser Mills area, between the Trans-Canada Highway and
4488-413: The urban communities of the University of British Columbia and the University Endowment Lands , in which 98% of the population of Electoral Area A lives. There are also seventeen Indian reserves within the geographical area that are not subject to governance by local authorities or the regional district; they have a combined population of 7,550 (2006). The cities of Abbotsford and Chilliwack and
4556-431: The way in Surrey . This bus takes approximately 20 minutes from start to finish in one direction. It runs frequently; approximately every 15 minutes during peak times, and every 30 minutes during off-peak times. Langley is home to the Arts Alive Festival in August, and the Langley Ukulele Ensemble . Langley City Council has seats for one mayor and six councillors. Each serves a 4-year term and attends council meetings on
4624-439: Was known as the Regional District of Fraser–Burrard for nearly one year upon incorporating in 1967, and as the Greater Vancouver Regional District ( GVRD ) from 1968 to 2017. Metro Vancouver borders Whatcom County, Washington , to the south, the Fraser Valley Regional District to the east, the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District to the north, and the Nanaimo Regional District and Cowichan Valley Regional District across
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