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48-758: Kaledin attended the Mikhaylovskoye Artillery School and the General Staff Academy . Kaledin served as a cavalry commander at the beginning of the war, before taking over command of a cavalry corps, and rising to the rank of General of the Cavalry. He was then assigned command of the 8th Army on the Southwest Front, participated in the Brusilov offensive , and won the Battle of Lutsk . Kaledin spoke at

96-521: A barrier, where the offensive was stopped in several heavy battles around Narva . On 18 April the Soviet forces were ordered to the defense, a new 3rd Baltic Front was created to coordinate operations near Narva and Govorov's Leningrad Front turned attention to the north. In June 1944, during the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive , which led to Soviet recapture of Vyborg, Govorov was promoted to

144-501: A diploma and a silver diamond-shaped badge which has to be worn on the right side of his uniform or civilian clothes above all other military or civilian decorations or ribbon bars. The Mikhailovskaya Artillery Military Academy ( Russian : Михайловская военная артиллерийская академия ) in Saint Petersburg dates back to 1698. In 1849 it was named Mikhailovskaya after Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia . In 1925 it merged into

192-592: A former manager of a Polish estate. In 1924 their son Vladimir was born. Govorov obtained further military education, graduating from the Artillery course in 1926, the Higher Academy course in 1930, and the Frunze Military Academy in 1933. In 1936, Govorov was among the first officers who attended the newly founded Military Academy of Red Army General Staff , from which he graduated in 1938. From 1936, he

240-550: A new army. On 20 November, the voisko declared its independence. On 5 December, Kaledin declared martial law when news came of a Red Guard detachment had been sent by the Soviet regime. Between 9 and 15 December, with the aid of the Alekseev Organization, Kaledin was able to suppress Bolshevik resistance in Rostov-on-Don , and then open the third session of the krug . On 19 December, Lavr Kornilov arrived, and by

288-534: Is Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia which is the third (strategic) level of officer training. This academy prepares highest ranking military officers. The educational programme at Military Academy of the General Staff takes 2 years. Officer wishing to join the program shall comply with the entry requirements illustrated below Officer wishing to join the program shall comply with

336-707: The 51st Rifle Division as an artillery battalion commander. With the division, he fought in the Siege of Perekop in November, during which Soviet forces drove Pyotr Wrangel 's White Army out of Crimea . Govorov was wounded twice during the year and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1921 for his actions in Crimea. In 1923 he met in Odessa, and later married Lydia Izdebska, the daughter of

384-759: The 8th Kama Rifle Division of the 2nd Ufa Army Corps in the Western Army , fighting in the Russian Civil War . Govorov fought in the Spring Offensive of the Russian Army , a general drive westwards by White forces in the east. He deserted in November 1919, fleeing to Tomsk , where he took part in an uprising against White authorities as part of a fighting squad . Govorov joined the Red Army in January 1920, serving in

432-638: The German forces had captured in July 1942. Both sides were unaware of the other's preparations. As a result, the Soviet Sinyavino Offensive failed and the 2nd Shock army was decimated for the second time in a year, but the German forces suffered heavy casualties and canceled Operation Northern Light. In late November 1942, Govorov began planning the next operation to break the blockade of Leningrad. In December,

480-504: The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, this academy conducts magistratura training programmes for the service of the country's civil defence capabilities and disaster response services. Leonid Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov ( Russian : Леони́д Алекса́ндрович Го́воров ; 22 February [ O.S. 10 February] 1897 – 19 March 1955) was a Soviet military commander. Trained as an artillery officer, he joined

528-641: The Moscow State Conference , stating "all Soviets and committees must be abolished, both in the army and in the rear." Following the Kornilov affair , Kaledin retreated back to Novocherkassk , and protection of the voisko , to avoid arrest by the Provisional Government. When he was 55 years old, the Cossack krug had elected Kaledin as their ataman. According to Peter Kenez , Kaledin "...thus became

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576-584: The Red Army in 1920. He graduated from several Soviet military academies, including the Military Academy of Red Army General Staff . He participated in the Winter War of 1939–1940 against Finland as a senior artillery officer. In World War II, Govorov rose to command an army in November 1941 during the Battle of Moscow . He commanded the Leningrad Front from April 1942 to the end of the war. He reached

624-669: The ranks of lieutenant colonel, colonel , and Major General (one star). Most are colonels or newly promoted generals. Previous names include: Marshal Voroshilov Military Academy of the WPRA General Staff; General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR; General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy ( Russian : Военно-медицинская академия им. С. М. Кирова ) in Saint Petersburg

672-939: The Advance Officers' Class of the Imperial Russian Navy and later the Nikolayev Naval Academy and reorganized as the Petrograd Maritime Academy in 1917, and at various times renamed as the WPRF Naval Academy, the Marshal of the Soviet Union Kliment Voroshilov Naval Academy and the Marshal of the Soviet Union Andrey Grechko Naval Academy, it gained its current name and title in 1990. This is

720-777: The Central Air Force Museum. Almost all the senior officers in the Soviet Air Force have attended this academy. It is charged with the preparation of "command cadres of various aviation specialties and is a research center for working out problems of operational art of the Air Force and tactics of branches and types of aviation." The Academy descended from Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy of Imperial Russia created in 1820 in St. Petersburg. The Dzerzhinsky Military Academy ( Russian : Военная академия им. Ф. Э. Дзержинского )

768-720: The Dzerzhinsky Missile Force Academy, its main facility was 'located at Kitayskiy Proyezd 9/5, within a block' of the Rossiya Hotel off Red Square . Other sources report that it was in the historical building of the Moscow Orphanage . Officers in command positions in the Strategic Missile Troops would seek admission to this academy. Information about this academy was highly classified. Its two major faculties were "command" and "engineering." The Academy

816-594: The Frunze curriculum as an advanced training program for previous graduates. Later on, this program became the basis for the "Voroshilov General Staff Academy" and the Frunze Academy refocused upon combined arms ground warfare training at the tactical level. In September 1998 the Frunze Academy and the "Malinovsky Academy" were amalgamated into the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation , on

864-684: The Red Army Military Technical Academy, was restored in 1953 as Kalinin Artillery Military Academy ( Военная артиллерийская академия им. М. И. Калинина ) as a spin-off of the Dzerzhinsky Academy, and in 1995 went back to the Grand Duke's name. Military Academy of Field Anti-Aircraft Defense ( Russian : Военная академия войсковой противовоздушной обороны имени Маршала Советского Союза А.М. Василевского )

912-698: The Signal Corps ( Военная академия связи имени Маршала Советского Союза С.М. Будённого ) was created in 1932 in Leningrad . It is named after Semyon Budyonny . It trains the Russian military's future signals and communications experts. In 1918 the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow was established as the academy of the General Staff, which became the RKKA Military Academy in 1921. It is named after Mikhail Frunze ,

960-566: The Soviet Union invaded Finland , and Govorov was appointed chief of artillery of the 7th Army , as his research while at Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy was about assaulting and penetrating fortified enemy positions. He commanded the massive artillery assault that allowed the Soviet breakthrough along the Mannerheim Line in 1940. For this he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and promoted to

1008-456: The Volkhov Front was re-established, and Govorov became the head of the entire Leningrad Front, replacing Lieutenant General M.S. Khosin. Leningrad had been cut off from the rest of the country since September 1941, and the Soviet forces were trying to lift the siege of Leningrad , which was causing colossal damage to the city and suffering to the civilian population. The Road of Life , which

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1056-642: The academy responsible for the training of officers of the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces , the armed forces' youngest branch of service. It was most recently renamed the Military Space Engineering Academy in November 2002. The academy, formed in 1956, is named after Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov . The Gagarin Military Air Academy is located at Monino , northeast of Moscow, in an area closed to foreigners, nearby

1104-480: The advance training career commissioned officer programmes. These programmes are named magistratura ( Russian : магистратура ) and take 2 years. Military academies are the second (operational-tactical) level of officer training. Their graduates can be appointed to battalion/regiment/brigade commander or equivalent positions. At the moment, some military academies also conduct programmes for the training of warrant officers and commissioned officers . A special case

1152-591: The aim of decisively defeating the German Army Group North , but achieved very modest gains. Several other offensives were conducted by Govorov in the area in 1943, slowly expanding the corridor into Leningrad, and making other small gains. In November 1943, Govorov began planning the Leningrad-Novgorod Offensive which would drive Army Group North out of the Leningrad region. On 17 November he

1200-433: The blockade of the city by eliminating the German positions south of Ladoga Lake , where only 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) separated the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts. This position was called "the bottleneck". At the same time, German forces were planning Operation Northern Light ( German : Nordlicht ) to capture the city and link up with Finnish forces. To achieve that, heavy reinforcements arrived from Sevastopol , which

1248-424: The city than the "Road of Life", eliminating the possibility of the capture of the city and a German-Finnish link up. Govorov was promoted to Colonel General on 15 January and was awarded the Order of Suvorov 1st Class on 28 January. The Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts tried to follow up their success with a much more ambitious offensive operation named Operation Polyarnaya Zvezda (Polar Star). This operation had

1296-588: The end of the month, had reorganized the Alekseev Organization into the Volunteer Army. By January 1918, Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko was threatening Rostov and Taganrog with a force led by Sivers. On 8 February, Sivers had taken control of Taganrog, and Kornilov decided to retreat from the Don. The ensuing loss of Rostov-on-the-Don and the Volunteer Army 's retreat during their Ice March led Kaledin to believe that

1344-499: The entry requirements illustrated below In 1936, Leonid Govorov founded the current General Staff Academy in Moscow. It has been the senior Russian professional school for officers in their late 1930s. The "best and the brightest" senior commissioned officers of all forces are selected to attend this most prestigious of all Soviet military academies. Students are admitted to the Academy in

1392-514: The first democratically chosen leader of the Cosacks since 1723." According to Kenez, "On November 9, immediately after receiving news of the Petrograd revolution , and acting in the name of the voisko government, he invited the members of the Provisional Government to Novocherkassk to join him in organizing the anti-Bolshevik struggle." On 15 November, Mikhail Alekseyev arrived and started organizing

1440-459: The plan was approved by the Stavka and received the codename Operation Iskra (Spark). Operation Iskra began on 13 January 1943, and on 18 January Soviet forces linked up, breaking the blockade. By 22 January the front line stabilized. The operation successfully opened a land corridor 8–10 km wide to the city. A railroad was swiftly built through the corridor that allowed far more supplies to reach

1488-580: The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1944, and was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and many other awards. He was the father of Soviet General Vladimir Govorov . Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov was born into a peasant family of Russian ethnicity in the village of Butyrki in Vyatka Governorate (now in Kirov Oblast ). He attended a technical high school in Yelabuga and enrolled in

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1536-524: The rank of marshal of the Soviet Union . Later his forces recaptured the Baltic states, and in autumn 1944 his forces blocked Army Group North in what became known as Courland Pocket . On 27 January 1945, Govorov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union . In the postwar years Govorov was commander of the Leningrad Military District , and then Chief Inspector of Ground Forces. In 1948 he

1584-642: The rank of division commander. He was then appointed Deputy Inspector-General of Artillery of the Red Army. After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, Govorov commanded the Artillery on the Western Front in Belarus from August to October 1941. During the Battle of Moscow , he was appointed Chief of Artillery of the 5th Army , under the command of Major General Dmitri Danilovich Lelyushenko . After Lelyushenko

1632-730: The shipbuilding department of Petrograd Polytechnical Institute . In December 1916, however, he was mobilized and was sent to the Konstantinovskye Artillery School, from which he graduated in 1917. He became an artillery officer with the rank of podporuchik . When the Russian Revolution broke out and the Russian Army disintegrated, Govorov returned home, but was conscripted into the White Guard army of Aleksandr Kolchak in October 1918, serving in an artillery battery with

1680-419: The site of the former Frunze Academy, which since 2010 is known as Military Educational and Scientific Centre . The Military Educational and Scientific Centre has been the site of a number of Russian-Western joint military activities, including an IISS conference in February 2001, and U.S.-Russian exercises. After graduation from Military Educational and Scientific Center , every graduate officer receives

1728-407: The then USSR Minister of Defence in mid-1920s. It is roughly the equivalent of the U.S. Army's Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas or the British Army's Staff College, Camberley . Officers in their late twenties up to thirty-two years at the rank of Captain or Major enter if they pass the competitive entry examinations. In the 1930s, higher academic courses were added to

1776-751: The whole situation had become hopeless. On 11 February, he resigned from his post and committed suicide by shooting himself. Mikhaylovskoye Artillery School Russia has a number of military academies of different specialties. This article primarily lists institutions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation rather than those of the Soviet Armed Forces . Russian institutions designated as an "academy" are post-graduate professional military schools for experienced commissioned officers who graduated from higher military school or military training center within civilian university and have some years of active duty service after graduation. Thus, military academies are educational institutions conducting

1824-428: Was appointed Commander of National Air Defence Forces , and in 1952 he also became Deputy Minister of Defence. In these posts he oversaw the modernization of the Soviet air defence system for the age of the jet aircraft and the atomic bomb . But Govorov was by this time suffering from chronic heart disease, and died in March 1955. He was cremated and his ashes in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis . A street in St Petersburg

1872-414: Was considered most valuable, since the city was under constant shelling, and one of Govorov's tasks was to launch an artillery counter-offensive against the German guns. As soon as he became the commander of the Leningrad Front in July 1942, Govorov mounted local attacks in several sectors of the front, while preparing a much larger offensive. Together with the Volkhov Front, the Leningrad Front would break

1920-422: Was created in 1932 as F.E. Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy (Артиллерийская академия имени Ф. Э. Дзержинского) of the "Red Army from the "Artillery Department and the Powder and Explosives" section of the Military Technical Academy's chemistry department that was disbanded at the time. Dzerzhinsky Academy was moved from Leningrad to Moscow in 1958, the year before the Strategic Rocket Forces were formed. Now named

1968-427: Was established in 1798. Senior medical staff are trained for the Armed Forces and conduct research in military medical services. The institution also provides advanced training for mid-career military medical doctors and trains graduate students to Ph.D. level. The academy was founded in 1929. Since 1954, it is located in Krasnodar . The academy was founded in 1957 in Cherepovets . The Budyonny Military Academy of

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2016-764: Was established in 1932 in Moscow. It is named after Semyon Timoshenko . Its duties are for the training of officers and NCOs in chemical warfare and defence. It is located in Kostroma in Kostroma Oblast and has now opened its doors to engineering cadets as well. Formerly known as Marshal Andrey Grechko Naval Academy, the Kuznetsov Naval Academy is located in St. Petersburg and is the Russian Navy's only senior service school. The students are lieutenants commander, commanders, and some captains, with ages from 30–35 years. All naval officers (including naval aviation) holding positions of Executive Officers, Commanding Officers, formation, fleet, or naval staff command positions are graduates of this academy. First established in 1827 as

2064-589: Was founded in 1970 in Smolensk . The Military Logistics Academy ( Russian : Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулёва ) was created in 1918 in Leningrad. It trains officers and NCO's for the various Armed Forces rear services and the Army Transportation Force, a part of the rear services. One of its graduates is Igor Levitin , a former Russian Minister of Transport . Timoshenko NBC Protection Military Academy ( Военная академия радиационной, химической и биологической защиты имени Маршала Советского Союза С.К. Тимошенко )

2112-404: Was head of artillery in the Kiev Military District . In 1938 he was appointed as lecturer in tactics at the Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy . In 1939, he finished his first research publication. This was the period of Joseph Stalin 's Great Purge . Govorov was close to being arrested, but in the end survived thanks to the intervention of Mikhail Kalinin and continued to rise in rank. In 1939

2160-451: Was promoted to army general . The Soviet offensive started on 14 January 1944. By 1 March the Leningrad, Volkhov and 2nd Baltic Fronts had driven Army Group North back up to 300 kilometres (190 mi) on a 400 kilometres (250 mi) front, liberating the southern Leningrad region and part of the Kalinin region. By that time, the reinforced Germans forces were at the "Panther Line", stretching from Narva to Pskov using Lake Pskov as

2208-424: Was renamed after Peter the Great in 1997, and its Commandant is now Colonel General (three star) Yuriy F. Kirillov. Established on 25 December 1921 and relaunched on August 24, 1992, this training academy of the Russian Federal Security Service is mandated for the enhanced education of all FSS personnel in various fields of law enforcement. Since 2007, Colonel General Victor Ostroukhov is its commandant. As part of

2256-484: Was the only means of supply to the city, was frequently cut by regular German and Finnish air strikes. Despite several German requests Mannerheim decided that Finnish forces would not attack Leningrad. Soviet forces launched several offensives in the region in 1942, but these failed to lift the siege. The Lyuban Offensive Operation resulted in the encirclement and destruction of most of the Soviet 2nd Shock Army . In this situation, Govorov's background as an artilleryman

2304-409: Was wounded on 18 October Govorov assumed command of the army. During the Soviet counter-offensives in the winter of 1941–42, his army liberated Mozhaisk . As a result, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general of artillery. In April 1942 Govorov was appointed commander of the Leningrad Group of Forces of the Leningrad Front , which combined the former Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts . In July,

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