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101-653: Kalaburagi , formerly known as Gulbarga , is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka , It is headquarters of eponymous Kalaburagi district and Kalaburagi division , Kalaburagi city is governed by a Municipal Corporation, It is called a Sufi city. It has famous religious structures, like the Hazrath Khwaja Banda Nawaz Dargah , the Sharana Basaveshwara Temple and the Buddha Vihar . It also has

202-766: A biodiversity hotspot , includes the western region of Karnataka. The Bandipur and Nagarahole National Parks were included in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in 1986, a UNESCO designation. The Indian roller and the Indian elephant are recognised as the state bird and animal while sandalwood and the lotus are recognised as the state tree and flower respectively. Karnataka has five national parks: Anshi , Bandipur , Bannerghatta , Kudremukh and Nagarhole . It also has 27 wildlife sanctuaries of which seven are bird sanctuaries. Wild animals that are found in Karnataka include

303-798: A fort built during the Bahmani rule, Other Bahmani monuments include the Haft Gumbaz (seven domes together) and the Shor Gumbad. Kalaburagi has the world's largest cannon, Kalaburagi has a few architectural marvels built during the Bahamani Kingdom rule, including the Jama Masjid in the Kalaburagi Fort. Kalaburagi houses the circuit bench of the High Court of Karnataka . Under the name Monuments and Forts of

404-463: A distinct form of literature and architecture evolved. The empire rose as a bulwark against Muslim advances into South India, which it completely controlled for over two centuries. In 1537, Kempe Gowda I , a chieftain of the Vijayanagara Empire, widely held as the founder of modern Bangalore, built a fort and established the area around it as Bengaluru Pete . In 1565, Karnataka and

505-401: A number of mixed and distinct dialects such as Are Bhashe , Beary Bhashe , and Nawayathi are found. Kodava Takk is the language of Kodagu. Kannada played a crucial role in the creation of Karnataka: linguistic demographics played a major role in defining the new state in 1956. Tulu , Konkani and Kodava are other minor native languages that share a long history in the state. Urdu

606-526: A permanent body of 75 members with one-third (25 members) retiring every two years. The government of Karnataka is headed by the Chief Minister who is chosen by the ruling party members of the Legislative Assembly . The Chief Minister, along with the council of ministers, executes the legislative agenda and exercises most of the executive powers. However, the constitutional and formal head of

707-495: A tender to generate a further 1.2 gigawatts in the coming years: Karnataka Renewable Energy Development suggests that this will be based on 24 separate systems (or 'blocks') generating 50 megawatts each. Since the 1980s, Karnataka has emerged as the pan-Indian leader in the field of IT ( information technology ). In 2007, there were nearly 2,000 firms operating in Karnataka. Many of them, including two of India's biggest software firms, Infosys and Wipro , are also headquartered in

808-560: Is a major language of Bangalore and in the Kolar district. Marathi (3.29%) is concentrated in areas of Uttara Kannada, Belgaum and Bidar districts bordering Maharashtra. Lambadi is spoken by the Lambadis scattered throughout North Karnataka, while Hindi is spoken in Bangalore. Tulu (2.61%), Konkani (1.29%), and Malayalam (1.27%) are all found in linguistically diverse Coastal Karnataka, where

909-449: Is about the rich culture of Gulbarga heritage, and the kingdoms ruled in this era and their significance, for the development of area's as their capital city of the kingdom. Karnataka Karnataka ( / k ər ˈ n ɑː t ə k ə / kər- NAH -tə-kə ; ISO : Karnāṭaka , Kannada: [kɐɾˈnaːʈɐkɐ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of India . It was formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with

1010-611: Is connected with Bangalore and Tirupati by Star Air and Alliance Air . Kalaburagi airport has second longest runway in Karnataka after the Kempegowda International Airport of Bangalore. Kalaburagi has a railway station named Kalaburagi Junction which comes under the Solapur division of Indian Railways . There are two railway lines that pass through Kalaburagi namely, Mumbai–Chennai line ( Solapur–Guntakal section ) and Kalaburagi - Bidar line. Kalaburagi

1111-464: Is directly linked through daily trains with Mumbai , Bangalore , Hyderabad , Chennai , Itarsi Junction , Mysore , Hassan , Hubli , Vijayawada , Coimbatore , Kochi , Kanyakumari etc. Kalaburagi is planned to be a part of proposed high-speed rail corridor running from Mumbai to Hyderabad . Kalaburagi is the headquarter of the NEKRTC also called as Kalyana Karnataka RTC bus transport which

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1212-467: Is estimated would generate about 672 million units annually. This work has been assigned to KPCL, a Karnataka Government company. It is expected to increase the production of food grains and cash crops in the command area of the UKP, adding ₹ 6,000 crore (US$ 720 million) to the country's economy annually and stimulating prosperity and growth in the otherwise drought-prone and economically backward districts of

1313-517: Is followed by the southwest monsoon, which lasts from late June to late October. This is then followed by dry winter weather from late November until February. Gulburga has been ranked 33rd best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India. As of the 2011 Indian census, Kalaburagi city has a population of 533,587. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Kalaburagi has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than

1414-675: Is headed by a Deputy Commissioner who belongs to the Indian Administrative Service and is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Karnataka state services. The Superintendent of Police , an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service and assisted by the officers of the Karnataka Police Service, is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues in each district. The Deputy Conservator of Forests, an officer belonging to

1515-570: Is located in Kadaganchi, Åland Taluk of Kalaburagi. The geographical area of the city is 64 square kilometres. Kalaburagi has a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) bordering on a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw). The climate of the district is generally dry, with temperatures ranging from 8 °C to 45 °C and an annual rainfall of about 750 mm. The year in Kalaburagi is divided into three main seasons. The summer lasts from late February to May. It

1616-449: Is marked by major festivities at Mysore. Bangalore Karaga , celebrated in the heart of Bangalore, is the second most important festival celebrated in Karnataka. Ugadi (Kannada New Year), Makara Sankranti (the harvest festival), Ganesh Chaturthi , Gowri Habba , Ram Navami , Nagapanchami , Basava Jayanthi , Deepavali , and Balipadyami are the other major festivals of Karnataka. Languages of Karnataka ( 2011 census ) Kannada

1717-524: Is primarily spoken . Though several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is that Karnataka is derived from the Kannada words karu and nādu , meaning "elevated land". Karu Nadu may also be read as karu , meaning "black" and nadu , meaning "region", as a reference to the black cotton soil found in the Bayalu Seeme region of the state. The British used

1818-572: Is spoken widely by the Muslim population. Less widely spoken languages include Beary bashe and certain languages such as Sankethi . Some of the regional languages in Karnataka are Tulu , Kodava , Konkani and Beary . Kannada features a rich and ancient body of literature including religious and secular genre, covering topics as diverse as Jainism (such as Puranas ), Lingayatism (such as Vachanas ), Vaishnavism (such as Haridasa Sahitya ) and modern literature . Evidence from edicts during

1919-426: Is the official language of the state of Karnataka, as the native language of 66.46% of its population as of 2011 and is one of the classical languages of India . Urdu is the second largest language, spoken by 10.83% of the population, and is the language of Muslims outside the coastal region. Telugu (5.84%) is a major language in areas bordering Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka as well as Bangalore, while Tamil (3.45%)

2020-651: Is threatened by poaching , habitat destruction , human-wildlife conflict and pollution . There are 31 districts in Karnataka. Each district ( zila ) is governed by a district commissioner ( ziladar ). The districts are further divided into sub-districts ( talukas ), which are governed by sub-commissioners ( talukdars ); sub-divisions comprise blocks ( tehsils / hobli ), which are governed by block development officers ( tehsildars ), which contain village councils ( panchayats ), town municipal councils ( purasabhe ), city municipal councils ( nagarasabhe ), and city municipal corporations ( mahanagara palike ). According to

2121-705: The Badami Chalukyas , the Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta and the Western Chalukya Empire , which ruled over large parts of the Deccan and had their capitals in what is now Karnataka. The Western Chalukyas patronised a unique style of architecture and Kannada literature which became a precursor to the Hoysala art of the 12th century. Parts of modern-day Southern Karnataka (Gangavadi) were occupied by

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2222-549: The Carnatic and Hindustani traditions. Karnataka's pre-history goes back to a paleolithic hand-axe culture evidenced by discoveries of, among other things, hand axes and cleavers in the region. Evidence of neolithic and megalithic cultures have also been found in the state. Gold discovered in Harappa was found to be imported from mines in Karnataka, prompting scholars to hypothesise about contacts between ancient Karnataka and

2323-659: The Central Food Technological Research Institute , are also headquartered in Karnataka. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited is an oil refinery , located in Mangalore. The state has also begun to invest heavily in solar power centred on the Pavagada Solar Park . As of December 2017, the state has installed an estimated 2.2 gigawatts of block solar panelling and in January 2018 announced

2424-588: The Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple and a well-organised matha were built. He was patronised by the Hoysala king, Vishnuvardhana . In the twelfth century, Lingayatism emerged in northern Karnataka as a protest against the rigidity of the prevailing social and caste system. Leading figures of this movement were Basava , Akka Mahadevi and Allama Prabhu , who established the Anubhava Mantapa which

2525-583: The Chola Empire at the turn of the 11th century. The Cholas and the Hoysalas fought over the region in the early 12th century before it eventually came under Hoysala rule. At the turn of the first millennium, the Hoysalas gained power in the region. Literature flourished during this time, which led to the emergence of distinctive Kannada literary metres , and the construction of temples and sculptures adhering to

2626-611: The Deccan Traps were formed after the cessation of volcanic activity in the early tertiary period. Eleven groups of soil orders are found in Karnataka, viz. Entisols , Inceptisols , Mollisols , Spodosols , Alfisols , Ultisols , Oxisols , Aridisols , Vertisols , Andisols and Histosols . Depending on the agricultural capability of the soil, the soil types are divided into six types, viz. red, lateritic , black , alluvio-colluvial, forest and coastal soils. About 38,284 km (14,782 sq mi) of Karnataka (i.e. 16% of

2727-510: The Gol Gumbaz being one of the high points of this style. During the sixteenth century, Konkani Hindus migrated to Karnataka, mostly from Salcette , Goa , while during the seventeenth and eighteenth century, Goan Catholics migrated to North Canara and South Canara , especially from Bardes , Goa, as a result of food shortages, epidemics and heavy taxation imposed by the Portuguese . In

2828-606: The Government of Karnataka . Contemporary Kannada literature has received considerable acknowledgement in the arena of Indian literature, with eight Kannada writers winning India's highest literary honour, the Jnanpith award . Tulu is the majority language in the coastal district of Dakshina Kannada and is the second most spoken in the Udupi district . This region is also known as Tulu Nadu . Tulu Mahabharato , written by Arunabja in

2929-540: The Indian Forest Service , is entrusted with the responsibility of managing forests, environment and wildlife of the district, he will be assisted by the officers belonging to Karnataka Forest Service and officers belonging to Karnataka Forest Subordinate Service. Sectoral development in the districts is looked after by the district head of each development department such as Public Works Department, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, etc. The judiciary in

3030-595: The Indian National Congress party. Kalaburagi comes under Kalaburagi Lok Sabha constituency . Radhakrishna Doddamani from Indian National Congress (INC) is the Member of Parliament (MP) since 2024. Mallikarjun Kharge (born 21 July 1942) is an Indian politician, who is the current president of the Indian National Congress, and Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Karnataka since 16 February 2021. He

3131-610: The Indus Valley civilisation c.  3300 BCE . Prior to the third century BCE, most of Karnataka formed part of the Nanda Empire before coming under the Mauryan empire of Emperor Ashoka . Four centuries of Satavahana rule followed, allowing them to control large areas of Karnataka. The decline of Satavahana power led to the rise of the earliest native kingdoms, the Kadambas and

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3232-727: The Karnataka Konkani Sahitya Akademi , the Tulu Sahitya Akademi and the Kodava Sahitya Akademi promote their respective languages. Karnataka has a parliamentary system of government with two democratically elected houses, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly consists of 224 members who are elected for five-year terms. The Legislative Council is

3333-870: The Kaveri and its tributaries, the Hemavati , Shimsha , Arkavati , Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini , in South Karnataka. Most of these rivers flow out of Karnataka eastward, reaching the sea at the Bay of Bengal . Other prominent rivers such as the Sharavati in Shimoga and Netravati in Dakshina Kannada flow westward to the Lakshadweep Sea . A large number of dams and reservoirs are constructed across these rivers which richly add to

3434-453: The State Bank of Mysore originated in this state. The coastal districts of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada have a branch for every 500 persons—the best distribution of banks in India. In March 2002, Karnataka had 4767 branches of different banks with each branch serving 11,000 persons, which is lower than the national average of 16,000. Upper Krishna Project The foundation stone for

3535-619: The Tigalari script, is the oldest surviving Tulu text. Tigalari script was used by Brahmins to write Sanskrit language. The use of the Kannada script for writing Tulu and non-availability of print in Tigalari script contributed to the marginalisation of Tigalari script. In Karnataka Konkani is mostly spoken in the Uttara Kannada and Dakshina Kannada districts and in parts of Udupi , Konkani use

3636-636: The Vesara style of architecture. The expansion of the Hoysala Empire brought minor parts of modern Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu under its rule. In the early 14th century, Harihara and Bukka Raya established the Vijayanagara empire with its capital, Hosapattana (later named Vijayanagara ), on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the modern Bellary district. Under the rule of Krishnadevaraya ,

3737-650: The Western Gangas , marking the region's emergence as an independent political entity. The Kadamba Dynasty , founded by Mayurasharma , had its capital at Banavasi ; the Western Ganga Dynasty was formed with Talakad as its capital. These were also the first kingdoms to use Kannada in administration, as evidenced by the Halmidi inscription and a fifth-century copper coin discovered at Banavasi. These dynasties were followed by imperial Kannada empires such as

3838-1186: The elephant , the tiger , the leopard , the gaur , the sambar deer , the chital or spotted deer , the muntjac , the bonnet macaque , the slender loris , the common palm civet , the small Indian civet , the sloth bear , the dhole , the striped hyena , the Bengal fox and the golden jackal . Some of the birds found here are the great hornbill , the Malabar pied hornbill , the Ceylon frogmouth , herons, ducks, kites, eagles, falcons , quails , partridges , lapwings , sandpipers , pigeons, doves, parakeets , cuckoos, owls, nightjars , swifts , kingfishers , bee-eaters and munias . Some species of trees found in Karnataka are Calophyllum tomentosum , Calophyllum apetalum , Garcinia cambogia , Garcinia morella , Alstonia scholaris , Flacourtia montana , Artocarpus hirsutus , Artocarpus lacucha , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Grewia tiliifolia , Santalum album , Shorea talura , Emblica officinalis , Vitex altissima and Wrightia tinctoria . Wildlife in Karnataka

3939-646: The irrigation and hydroelectricity power generation capacities of the state. Karnataka consists of four main types of geological formations – the Archean complex made up of Dharwad schists and granitic gneisses , the Proterozoic non-fossiliferous sedimentary formations of the Kaladgi and Bhima series, the Deccan trappean and intertrappean deposits and the tertiary and recent laterites and alluvial deposits. Laterite cappings that are found in many districts over

4040-889: The monsoon season between June and September and the post-monsoon season from October till December. Meteorologically , Karnataka is divided into three zones – coastal, north interior and south interior. Of these, the coastal zone receives the heaviest rainfall with an average rainfall of about 3,638.5 mm (143 in) per annum, far in excess of the state average of 1,139 mm (45 in). Amagaon in Khanapura taluka of Belgaum district received 10,068 mm (396 in) of rainfall in 2010. In 2014 Kokalli in Sirsi taluka of Uttara Kannada district received 8,746 mm (344 in) of rainfall. Agumbe in Thirthahalli taluka and Hulikal of Hosanagara taluka in Shimoga district were

4141-537: The " doctrine of lapse " gave way to dissent and resistance from princely states across the country, Kittur Chennamma , Queen of Kittur , her military leader Sangolli Rayanna , and others, spearheaded rebellions in part of what is now Karnataka in 1830, nearly three decades before the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . However, Kitturu was taken over by the British East India Company even before the doctrine

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4242-434: The 2011 census of India, the total population of Karnataka was 61,095,297 of which 30,966,657 (50.7%) were male and 30,128,640 (49.3%) were female, or 1000 males for every 973 females. This represents a 15.60% increase over the population in 2001. The population density was 319 per km and 38.67% of the people lived in urban areas. The literacy rate was 75.36% with 82.47% of males and 68.08% of females being literate. In 2007

4343-462: The 6th position among all states and union territories. In an employment survey conducted for the year 2013–2014, the unemployment rate in Karnataka was 1.8% compared to the national rate of 4.9%. In 2011–2012, Karnataka had an estimated poverty ratio of 20.91% compared to the national ratio of 21.92%. Nearly 56% of the workforce in Karnataka is engaged in agriculture and related activities. A total of 12.31 million hectares of land, or 64.6% of

4444-493: The Deccan Sultanate , Several buildings in the city and with others in the region were put by UNESCO on its "tentative list" of World Heritage Site in 2014. The name Gulbarga means ‘(City of) ‘Flower Gardens’ ultimately from the Persian words gul ‘flower’ and bāgh ‘garden’. Gulbarga was renamed as Kalaburagi in 2014, Kalaburagi (Kal-means stone in Kannada, bur means thorns in Kannada the whole name represents "The Land of stones and thorns") The history of Kalaburagi dates to

4545-494: The Deccan by Aurangzeb in the 17th century, Kalaburagi passed under the Mughal Empire . In the early part of the 18th century, with the decline of the Mughal Empire, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I , one of Aurangzeb's generals, formed the kingdom of Hyderabad , in which a major part of the Kalaburagi area was also included. In 1948, Hyderabad State became a part of the Indian Union, and in 1956, excluding two talukas which were annexed to Andhra Pradesh, Kalaburagi district became part of

4646-528: The Devanagari Script (which is official)/ Kannada script ( Optional ) for writing as identified by government of Karnataka. The Kodavas who mainly reside in the Kodagu district , speak Kodava Takk. Kodagu was a separate State with its own Chief Minister and Council of Ministers till 1956. Two regional variations of the language exist, the northern Mendale Takka and the southern Kiggaati Takka . Kodava Takk has its own script, Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy has accepted I. M. Muthanna 's script which

4747-505: The Kalaburagi Lok Sabha constituency. The MLA for Kalaburagi Uttar is Kaneez Fatima from Indian National Congress, while the MLA for Kalaburagi Dakshin is from Indian National congress (2023). The largest collection of Islamic art is seen at the domed ceiling and walls are adorned with paintings containing calligraphy designs and floral, flower and plants and geometric patterns inside the 14th-century tomb of Sufi saint Syed Shah Qhabulullah Husayni with natural colours. By religious restrictions,

4848-526: The Krishna River basin. Stage III of UKP would use 130 tmcft of water. The Karnataka government would be spending ₹ 17,000 crore (US$ 2.0 billion) to complete the third stage of the project. Stage III consists of increasing the full reservoir water level of Alamatti Dam to 524 metres (1,719 ft) and this would require the relocation of 30 villages. One lakh acres (405 km ) of land would be submerged. UKP stage III would involve lift irrigation schemes at Mulwad, Chimmalagi, and Indi and extension of

4949-409: The Narayanapura Right Bank Canal and Bhima diversion plan. Stage III would also involve the extension of lift irrigation schemes at Rampur, Mallabad, Koppal and Herakal. The major beneficiary of the project would be Kalaburagi district with around 950,000 acres of land coming under irrigation. A hydel power generation plant of installed capacity of 297 MW has been contemplated at Almatti, which it

5050-708: The UKP plans to use 119 tmcft of water and irrigate 4250 km of land on the left bank of the Krishna River. It involves construction of Almatti Dam and Narayanpur Dam along with several other canals. Stage II of the UKP plans to use 54 tmcft of water and irrigate 1971.20 km of land. It involves irrigation on the right bank of the river by the flow and also by lifting the waters to higher levels on both left and right banks. The project mainly involved construction of channels. Hipparagi barrage This project also includes construction of Hipparagi barrage (near 16°33′09″N 75°09′58″E  /  16.55250°N 75.16611°E  / 16.55250; 75.16611 ) in

5151-519: The adjoining states of Madras, Hyderabad and Bombay were incorporated into the Mysore state, under the States Reorganisation Act of 1956. The thus expanded state was renamed Karnataka, seventeen years later, on 1 November 1973. In the early 1900s through the post-independence era, industrial visionaries such as Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya , played an important role in the development of Karnataka's strong manufacturing and industrial base. The state has three principal geographical zones: The bulk of

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5252-438: The artist was prohibited from depicting living beings in the interior of tomb, and his imagination was therefore employed either in inventing new designs for religious texts or in adding further delicacy and subtleness to the geometric and floral devices by making the drawings more and more intricate. A small tomb beside the said Sufi's has an excellent work of painted flower plants on the ceiling. Another vacant Shore Gumbad outside

5353-410: The books of art provide the best documentation of courtly patronage. For more information about the rich culture of Gulbarga, the book titled, Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga, (A Cultural Study) by Dr. Md. Salahuddin Munshi can be referred. Kalaburagi has its own airport named Kalaburagi airport which was inaugurated by Karnataka CM Yediyurappa on 22 November 2019 and started on the same day. It

5454-406: The capital. When the Bahmani Sultanate came to an end in 1527, the kingdom broke up into five independent Deccan sultanates , Bijapur , Bidar , Berar , Ahmednagar , and Golconda . The present Kalaburagi district came partly under the sultanate of Bidar and partly under the sultanate of Bijapur . The last of these sultanates, Golconda, finally fell to Aurangzeb in 1687. With the conquest of

5555-428: The city has delicate designs on its domed ceiling is superb. The walls and ceiling of the tomb of Sultan Firuz Shah Bahmani can be appreciated which, although monotone, represents faithfully the creepers and floral patterns, the numerous geometric devices and calligraphic styles. The most notable building, however, of this period is the Jama Masjid of Kalaburagi fort, built by a Persian architect named Rafi in 1367 during

5656-404: The cost of the project was ₹ 120 crore (US$ 14 million); however, after many revisions, the final cost of the project reached ₹ 10,371.67 crore (US$ 1.2 billion), and it took 42 years for the project to be completed. 201 villages were affected by the project and 136 villages were completely submerged in the backwaters of the reservoirs constructed as a part of the project. Stage I of

5757-414: The culture, philosophy, and art of South India and Karnataka in particular by exerting considerable spiritual influence over the masses and kingdoms that ruled South India. This movement was ushered in by the Haridasas (literally "servants of Hari") and took shape in the 13th century – 14th century CE, period, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara empire. The main objective of this movement

5858-399: The district of Kalaburagi. The main crops are groundnuts, rice, and pulses. Kalaburagi is the largest producer of toor dal , or pigeon peas , in Karnataka. Kalaburagi is an industrially backward district but is showing signs of growth in the cement, textile, leather and chemical industries. Kalaburagi has a university with Medical and Engineering Colleges. Central University of Karnataka (CuK)

5959-400: The head of an elephant and the body of a lion . Karnataka had an estimated GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of about US$ 115.86 billion in the 2014–15 fiscal year. The state registered a GSDP growth rate of 7% for the year 2014–2015. Karnataka's contribution to India's GDP in the year 2014–15 was 7.54%. With GDP growth of 17.59% and per capita GDP growth of 16.04%, Karnataka is on

6060-468: The high positions of Prime Minister and Vice-President. Border disputes involving Karnataka's claim on the Kasaragod and Solapur districts and Maharashtra 's claim on Belagavi are ongoing since the states reorganisation. The official emblem of Karnataka has a Ganda Berunda in the centre. Surmounting this are four lions facing the four directions, taken from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath . The emblem also carries two Sharabhas with

6161-516: The highest revenue to the state respectively. The capital of the state, Bangalore, is known as the Silicon Valley of India , for its immense contributions to the country's information technology sector. A total of 1,973 companies in the state were found to have been involved in the IT sector as of 2007. Karnataka is the only southern state to have land borders with all of the other four southern Indian sister states. The state covers an area of 191,791 km (74,051 sq mi), or 5.83 per cent of

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6262-448: The kingdom was inherited by his son Tipu Sultan . To contain European expansion in South India, Haidar Ali and later Tipu Sultan fought four significant Anglo-Mysore Wars , the last of which resulted in Tippu Sultan's death and the incorporation of Mysore into British India in 1799. Mysore was restored to the Wodeyars, and the Kingdom of Mysore became a princely state outside but in a subsidiary alliance with British India . As

6363-530: The national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 70%, while that of females is 30%. In Kalaburagi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Languages of Kalaburgi city (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 55.04% of the population spoke Kannada , 35.78% Urdu , 3.56% Marathi , 2.37% Hindi , 1.20% Telugu and 1.14% Lambadi as their first language. Kalaburagi has been home to two ex- chief ministers of Karnataka , namely Veerendra Patil (1968–1971, 1988–1992) and Dharam Singh (2004–2006); both belonged to

6464-404: The native composition metres such as Chattana , Beddande and Melvadu during earlier centuries. The classic refers to several earlier greats ( purvacharyar ) of Kannada poetry and prose. Kuvempu , the renowned Kannada poet and writer who wrote Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate , the state anthem of Karnataka was the first recipient of the Karnataka Ratna , the highest civilian award bestowed by

6565-421: The new Mysore State through the States Reorganisation Act in 1956. The entire district is on the Deccan Plateau, and the elevation ranges from 300 to 750 m above MSL. Two main rivers, the Krishna and Bhima , flow through the district. The predominant soil type is black soil . The district has many tanks, which irrigate the land along with the river. The Upper Krishna Project is a major irrigation venture in

6666-421: The north eastern part of Karnataka. The project is also intended to provide drinking water to 18 urban and several rural centres. Delays and the level of cost over-runs lead to charges of cronyism and corruption. A first information report (FIR) was filed by police on 26 Oct 2011 in connection with alleged financial irregularities in awarding the contracts to the tune of ₹ 400 crore (US$ 48 million) in

6767-471: The passage of the States Reorganisation Act , and renamed Karnataka in 1973. The state is bordered by the Lakshadweep Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the eighth-largest state by population , comprising 31 districts . With 15,257,000 residents,

6868-405: The period that followed, parts of northern Karnataka were ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad , the Maratha Empire , the British , and other powers. In the south, the Mysore Kingdom , a former vassal of the Vijayanagara Empire, was briefly independent. With the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II , Haidar Ali , the commander-in-chief of the Mysore army, gained control of the region. After his death,

6969-622: The project during 1995–1998. The FIR filed did not name anyone. Former prime minister H. D. Deve Gowda after becoming the Prime Minister of India, amended the rule to release the funds for water projects of the states and released 700 cr to the state of Karnataka which not only helped Karnataka, but all states for their water projects. Even though several CM's came and went but not finished this project since 15 years. Totally dam work started 45 years back but not completed till today. Due to this Karnataka Government lost huge agricultural income and loss to ex-chequer. Lack of proper maintenance has been

7070-440: The project was laid by the then Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on 22 May 1964. It was designed to irrigate 1,536,000 acres of land in Gulbarga, Raichur, Bijapur, Bagalkot and now Yadgir. UKP intends to use the bulk of 173 thousand million cubic feet (tmcft) of water allocated to the state of Karnataka by the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal , headed by R. S. Bachawat Tribunal , in May 1976. The initial estimation of

7171-465: The rainiest cities in Karnataka, situated in one of the wettest regions in the world. The state is projected to warm about 2.0  °C (4  °F ) by 2030. The monsoon is set to provide less rainfall. Agriculture in Karnataka is mostly rainfed as opposed to irrigated, making it highly vulnerable to expected changes in the monsoon. The highest recorded temperature was 45.6  °C (114  °F ) in Raichuru district . The lowest recorded temperature

7272-452: The reign of Bahmani King Mohammed Shah I . The glory of the towns in north Karnataka waned with the decline of the Bahmani dynasty, although Barid Shahi and Adil Shahi Kings kept up its beauty during their chequered rule. It suffers from pollution through nickel and lead. Royal patronage played an important role in the making of Islamic art, as it has in the arts of other cultures. From the 14th century onwards, especially in eastern lands,

7373-457: The religious and cultural landscape of Karnataka. Islam , which had an early presence on the west coast of India as early as the tenth century, gained a foothold in Karnataka with the rise of the Bahamani and Bijapur sultanates that ruled parts of Karnataka. Christianity reached Karnataka in the sixteenth century with the arrival of the Portuguese and St. Francis Xavier in 1545. Buddhism

7474-731: The rest of South India experienced a major geopolitical shift when the Vijayanagara empire fell to a confederation of Islamic sultanates in the Battle of Talikota . The Bijapur Sultanate , which had risen after the demise of the Bahmani Sultanate of Bidar, soon took control of much of the Deccan; it was defeated by the Mughals in the late 17th century. The Bahmani and Bijapur rulers encouraged Urdu and Persian literature and Indo-Saracenic architecture,

7575-654: The same period, the Kakatiya kings of Warangal came into prominence and the present Kalaburagi and Raichur districts formed part of their domain. The Kakatiya power was subdued in 1308 AD and the entire Deccan , including the district of Kalaburagi, passed under the control of the Delhi Sultanate . The revolt of the officers appointed from Delhi resulted in the founding of the Bahmani Sultanate in 1347 CE by Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah , who chose Kalaburagi (Hasanabad) to be

7676-453: The sharp hierarchical divisions that existed and sought to remove all distinctions between the hierarchically superior master class and the subordinate, servile class. He also supported inter-caste marriages and Kaay Ta tTatva of Basavanna. This was the basis of the Lingayat faith which today counts millions among its followers. The Jain philosophy and literature have contributed immensely to

7777-523: The sixth century. The Rashtrakutas gained control over the region, but the Chalukyas regained their domain within a short period and reigned supreme for over 200 years. The Kalyani Kalachuris who succeeded them ruled until the 12th century. Around the end of the 12th century, the Yadavas of Devagiri and the Hoysalas of Dwarasamadra destroyed the supremacy of the Chalukyas and Kalachuris of Kalyani . Around

7878-476: The state capital Bangalore is the largest city of Karnataka. The economy of Karnataka is amongst the most productive in the country with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 25.01 trillion (US$ 300 billion) and a per capita GSDP of ₹ 332,926 (US$ 4,000) for the financial year 2023-24. The state experience a GSDP growth of 10.2% for the same fiscal year. After Bangalore Urban , Dakshina Kannada , Hubli-Dharwad, and Belagavi districts contribute

7979-516: The state capital, Bangalore, the sobriquet Silicon Valley of India . Karnataka also leads the nation in biotechnology . It is home to India's largest biocluster, with 60% of the country's biotechnology firms being based here. The state has 18,000 hectares of land under flower cultivation , an upcoming industry which supplies flowers and ornamental plants worldwide. Seven of India's banks, Canara Bank , Syndicate Bank , Corporation Bank , Vijaya Bank , Karnataka Bank , ING Vysya Bank and

8080-674: The state consists of the Karnataka High Court ( Attara Kacheri ) in Bangalore, Hubballi-Dharwad, and Kalaburagi, district and session courts in each district and lower courts and judges at the taluk level. Politics in Karnataka has been dominated by three political parties, the Indian National Congress , the Janata Dal (Secular) and the Bharatiya Janata Party . Politicians from Karnataka have played prominent roles in federal government of India with some of them having held

8181-452: The state had a birth rate of 2.2%, a death rate of 0.7%, an infant mortality rate of 5.5% and a maternal mortality rate of 0.2%. The total fertility rate was 2.2. Karnataka's private sector speciality health care competes with the best in the world. Karnataka has also established a modicum of public health services having a better record of health care and child care than most other states of India. In spite of these advances, some parts of

8282-746: The state is in the Bayaluseeme region, the northern part of which is the second-largest arid region in India. The highest point in Karnataka is the Mullayanagiri hills in Chikmagalur district which has an altitude of 1,925 m (6,316 ft). The two main river systems of the state are the Krishna and its tributaries, the Bhima , Ghataprabha , Vedavathi , Malaprabha and Tungabhadra in North Karnataka, and

8383-953: The state is the Governor who is appointed for a five-year term by the President of India on the advice of the Union government. The people of Karnataka also elect 28 members to the Lok Sabha , the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The members of the state Legislative Assembly elect 12 members to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Indian Parliament . For administrative purposes, Karnataka has been divided into four revenue divisions, 49 sub-divisions, 31 districts, 175 taluks and 745 hoblies / revenue circles. The administration in each district

8484-450: The state still suffer from the lack of primary health care. Religion in Karnataka (2011) Adi Shankara (788–820 CE) chose Sringeri in Karnataka to establish the first of his four mathas (monastery). Madhvacharya (1238–1317) was the chief proponent of Tattvavada (philosophy of reality), popularly known as Dvaita or Dualistic school of Hindu philosophy – one of the three most influential Vedanta philosophies. Madhvacharya

8585-497: The state's geographic area) is covered by forests. The forests are classified as reserved, protected, unclosed, village and private forests. The percentage of forested area is slightly less than the all-India average of about 23%, and significantly less than the 33% prescribed in the National Forest Policy. Karnataka experiences four seasons. The winter in January and February is followed by summer between March and May,

8686-655: The state's total area, is cultivated. Much of the agricultural output is dependent on the southwest monsoon as only 26.5% of the sown area is irrigated. Karnataka is the manufacturing hub for some of the largest public sector industries in India, including Hindustan Aeronautics Limited , National Aerospace Laboratories , Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited , Bharat Earth Movers Limited and HMT (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools), which are based in Bangalore. Many of India's premier science and technology research centres, such as Indian Space Research Organisation , Central Power Research Institute , Bharat Electronics Limited and

8787-442: The state. Exports from these firms exceeded ₹ 500 billion (equivalent to ₹ 1.6 trillion or US$ 19 billion in 2023) in 2006–07, accounting for nearly 38% of all IT exports from India. The Nandi Hills area in the outskirts of Devanahalli is the site of the upcoming $ 22 billion, 50 km BIAL IT Investment Region , one of the largest infrastructure projects in the history of Karnataka. All this has earned

8888-553: The struggle into the early 20th century. After the independence of British India , the Maharaja, Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar , signed an instrument of accession to accede his state to the new India. In 1950, Mysore became an Indian state of the same name; the former Maharaja served as its Rajpramukh (head of state) until 1975. Following the long-standing demand of the Ekikarana Movement , Kodagu- and Kannada-speaking regions from

8989-550: The time of Ashoka (reigned 274–232 BCE) suggest that Buddhist literature influenced the Kannada script and its literature. The Halmidi inscription , the earliest attested full-length inscription in the Kannada language and script, dates from 450 CE, while the earliest available literary work, the Kavirajamarga , has been dated to 850 CE. References made in the Kavirajamarga , however, prove that Kannada literature flourished in

9090-410: The total geographical area of India. It is the sixth-largest Indian state by area . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. Other minority languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit

9191-469: The upstream of Almatti dam with maximum water level and FRL at 531.4 m MSL and barrage crest level at 516.635 m MSL in Athani taluq of Belagavi district . Hipparagi barrage with 4.9 tmcft live storage capacity supplies irrigation water to nearly 60,000 acres by Ainapur and Halyal lift canals. The Karnataka government on 3 December 2011 unveiled a five-year action plan to fully use its share of water in

9292-537: The word Carnatic , sometimes Karnatak , to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of the Krishna . With an antiquity that dates to the paleolithic , Karnataka has been home to some of the most powerful empires of ancient and medieval India . The philosophers and musical bards patronised by these empires launched socio-religious and literary movements which have endured to the present day. Karnataka has contributed significantly to both forms of Indian classical music,

9393-456: Was 2.8 °C (37 °F) at Bidar district . Karnataka is home to a variety of wildlife. It has a recorded forest area of 38,720 km (14,950 sq mi) which constitutes 12.3% of the total geographical area of the state. These forests support 25% of the elephant and 10% of the tiger population of India. Many regions of Karnataka are as yet unexplored, so new species of flora and fauna are found periodically. The Western Ghats ,

9494-624: Was also Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha from 16 February 2021 to 1 October 2022. He was the Former Minister of Railways and Minister of Labour and Employment in the Government of India. Kharge was a Member of Parliament for Gulbarga, Karnataka from 2009 to 2019. Kalaburagi city has two Vidhan Sabha constituencies: Kalaburagi Uttar (North) and Kalaburagi Dakshin (South) . Both are part of

9595-470: Was developed in 1970 as the official script of Kodava Thakk. English is the medium of education in many schools and widely used for business communication in most private companies. All of the state's languages are patronised and promoted by governmental and quasi-governmental bodies. The Kannada Sahitya Parishat and the Kannada Sahitya Akademi are responsible for the promotion of Kannada while

9696-749: Was founded and started on 15 August 2000 and serves the North-Eastern Districts of Karnataka . It also has Nrupatunga city bus service which serves Kalaburagi urban and Sedam and is operated by NEKRTC itself. The Central University of Karnataka is located in Kalaburagi. The Gulbarga University , Sharnbasva University , and Khaja Bandanawaz University , are the other universities in the city. It also has an ESIC Medical College. Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga (A Cultural Study) by Dr. Md, Salahuddin Munshi The study entitled " Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga (A Cultural Study) 14th century to 17th century A.D"

9797-598: Was officially articulated by Lord Dalhousie in 1848. Other uprisings followed, such as the ones at Supa , Bagalkot , Shorapur , Nargund and Dandeli . These rebellions—which coincided with the Indian Rebellion of 1857 —were led by Mundargi Bhimarao, Bhaskar Rao Bhave , the Halagali Bedas, Raja Venkatappa Nayaka and others. By the late 19th century, the independence movement had gained momentum; Karnad Sadashiva Rao, Aluru Venkata Raya , S. Nijalingappa , Kengal Hanumanthaiah , Nittoor Srinivasa Rau and others carried on

9898-509: Was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement . He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. According to tradition, Madhvacharya is believed to be the third incarnation of Vayu (Mukhyaprana), after Hanuman and Bhima . The Haridasa devotional movement is considered one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Over a span of nearly six centuries, several saints and mystics helped shape

9999-581: Was popular in Karnataka during the first millennium in places such as Gulbarga and Banavasi . A chance discovery of edicts and several Mauryan relics at Sannati in Kalaburagi district in 1986 has proven that the Krishna River basin was once home to both Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism. There are Tibetan refugee camps in Karnataka. Mysore Dasara is celebrated as the Nada habba (state festival) and this

10100-404: Was the centre of all religious and philosophical thoughts and discussions pertaining to Lingayats. These three social reformers did so by the literary means of "Vachana Sahitya" which is very famous for its simple, straight forward and easily understandable Kannada language. Lingayatism preached women equality by letting women wear Ishtalinga i.e. Symbol of god around their neck. Basava shunned

10201-606: Was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya (Madhva Siddhanta) to the masses through a literary medium known as Dasa Sahitya . Purandara dasa is widely recognised as the "Pithamaha" of Carnatic Music for his immense contribution. Ramanuja , the leading expounder of Vishishtadvaita , spent many years in Melkote . He came to Karnataka in 1098 CE and lived here until 1122 CE. He first lived in Tondanur and then moved to Melkote where

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