87-458: Opposition (112) Others (25) Vacant (14) 28°37′0″N 77°12′30″E / 28.61667°N 77.20833°E / 28.61667; 77.20833 The Rajya Sabha ( lit : "States' Assembly"), also known as the Council of States , is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India . As of 2023, it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of
174-523: A constitutional crisis . On 7 April 2022, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that the dismissal of the no-confidence motion, the prorogation of the National Assembly, advice of Khan to president Arif Alvi to dissolve the National Assembly and subsequent dissolution of the National Assembly were unconstitutional, and overturned these actions. On 10 April 2022, the reconvened National Assembly passed
261-599: A bill fails to pass. Bills and motions that are considered implicit motions of confidence include appropriations or supply bills , motions concerning budgetary policy, and the Address in Reply to the Speech from the Throne . The government may also declare any bill or motion to be a question of confidence. Although the failure to pass those bills and motions can serve as an implicit expression of
348-547: A confidence resolution, the Cabinet shall resign en masse, unless the House of Representatives is dissolved within ten (10) days." In Malaysia's federal political system , votes of confidence in state legislative assemblies of Malaysia have removed its heads of state governments four times, most recently Faizal Azumu's Perak ministry in 2020 . During the 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis , opposition members of Parliament demanded
435-476: A confidence vote – that is, the vote on the bill is treated as a question of confidence in the government; a defeat of the bill expresses no confidence in the government. There are a number of variations in this procedure between parliaments. In some countries, a motion of no confidence can be directed at the government collectively or at any individual member, including the prime minister . Sometimes, motions of confidence or no confidence are proposed even though it
522-407: A country's constitution, a no-confidence motion may be more directed against the entire cabinet . Again, depending on the applicable rules, censure motions may need to state the reasons for the motion, but specific reasons may not be required for no-confidence motions. However, in some countries, especially those with uncodified constitutions , what constitutes a no-confidence vote sufficient to force
609-758: A leader of the opposition (LOP) – leading the opposition parties. The function was only recognized in the Salary and Allowances of Leaders of the Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977. This is commonly the leader of the largest non-government party and is recognized as such by the chairman. The Secretariat of the Rajya Sabha was set up under the provisions contained in Article 98 of the Constitution. The said Article, which provides for
696-520: A power to the Union Parliament. The Union government cannot make a law on a matter reserved for States without any authorisation from the Rajya Sabha. The Union government reserves the power to make laws directly affecting the citizens across all the States whereas, a single state in itself reserves the power to make rules and governing laws of their region. The Rajya Sabha plays a vital role in protecting
783-525: A priority. If a motion of no confidence cannot be scheduled by the last sitting day of the annual sitting, it must be the first item on the order paper of the next sitting. In the event of a successful motion, the Speaker automatically assumes the position of acting president. On 7 August 2017, Speaker Baleka Mbete announced that she would permit a motion of no confidence in Jacob Zuma 's government to proceed in
870-518: A request that the president decides on whether to fulfil. The Parliament may, by its decision, withdraw its confidence from the Government or from a member of it. A motion of no confidence can only be submitted six months after the Parliament has rejected a previous one. The motion must be signed by at least one-sixth of the members and must clearly state the issues to be debated. A motion of no confidence
957-409: A separate secretarial staff for each house of Parliament, reads as follows:- 98. Secretariat of Parliament – Each House of Parliament shall have a separate secretarial staff: Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the creation of posts common to both Houses of Parliament. (2) Parliament may by law regulate the recruitment and the conditions of service of persons appointed to
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#17328377318991044-416: A successful amendment to the budget may be considered a no-confidence vote. It is not necessarily the case that a vote with the effect of a motion of no confidence be introduced as such. As stated above, certain pieces of legislation may be treated as confidence issues. In some cases, the motion may be an ordinary legislative or procedural matter of little substantive importance used for the purpose of testing
1131-536: A vote of confidence in Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin , but he resigned before this could take place. The Constitution of Pakistan has provision for a no-confidence motion in all constituents of the Electoral College of the state. The motions can target speakers and deputy speakers of provincial and national assemblies , the prime minister , chief ministers of provinces , as well as
1218-519: A vote of no confidence is a motion that the House of Commons (federal) or legislative assembly (provincial) no longer has confidence in the incumbent government. A no-confidence motion may be directed against only the incumbent government, with confidence motions against the Official Opposition being inadmissible. Originating as a constitutional convention , it remains an uncodified practice which
1305-421: A vote of no confidence, the opposition is not required to formally present this failure as a motion of no-confidence against the government. If a vote of no confidence passes, the prime minister is required to either resign or request the governor-general to dissolve parliament and call a general election . The governor-general may refuse a request for dissolution if an election has recently been held or there
1392-426: A vote they had made a matter of confidence failed: the first Prodi cabinet in 1996, and the second Prodi cabinet in 2006. In both cases, the vote made a matter of confidence was a vote on a resolution approving the prime minister's address to one of the houses of Parliament. Article 69 of the 1947 Constitution of Japan provides that "if the House of Representatives passes a non-confidence resolution, or rejects
1479-541: Is Pramod Chandra Mody . In the winter 2019 session, uniforms of Rajya Sabha marshals were restyled from traditional Indian attire comprising turbans to dark navy blue and olive green military-style outfits with caps. Official Opposition (India) In India, Official Opposition designates largest party not supporting the ruling cabinet in the Parliament of India or a State or Territory Legislative Assembly . To get formal recognition in either upper or lower houses ,
1566-410: Is a defining constitutional element of a parliamentary system , in which the executive's mandate rests upon the continued support (or at least non-opposition ) of the majority in the legislature. Systems differ in whether such a motion may be directed against the prime minister , against individual cabinet ministers, against the cabinet as a whole, or some combination of the above. A censure motion
1653-411: Is a matter of political judgment. A motion of no confidence on a relatively trivial matter may then prove counterproductive if an issue suddenly arises that is seen to be a more credible justification for a motion of no confidence. Sometimes, the government chooses to declare that one of its bills is a "vote of confidence" to prevent dissident members of its own party from voting against it. However, this
1740-479: Is a political risk, especially when the Prime Minister's majority is not assured, such as if the ruling party/coalition is internally divided, or in minority government ; if the bill fails (and thus it is shown that parliament has lost its confidence in the government), the Prime Minister is expected to resign or call snap elections. In Westminster systems, the government budget is always a vote of confidence; even
1827-506: Is accepted only if it is approved by the absolute majority of the total number of members. In India, a motion of no confidence can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India ) and after at least 50 Lok Sabha members support it, the Speaker may grant a leave and after considering the state of business in the House, allot a day or days or part of a day for
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#17328377318991914-411: Is another leader who can likely gain the confidence of the House. If a dissolution request is refused, the prime minister must resign, and the governor-general invites the leader of another coalition/party to form a new government. Six motions of no confidence have been passed in the House of Commons: in 1926, 1963, 1974, 1979, 2005, and 2011. All successful votes of no confidence in the 20th century were
2001-405: Is clear that the government does in fact have majority support simply to pressure ministers or put opposition parties in the potentially-embarrassing situation of voting in support of the government. In many parliamentary democracies , there are limits to how often a confidence vote may be held, such as being allowed only once every three or six months. Thus, the timing of a motion of no confidence
2088-481: Is different from a no-confidence motion. In a parliamentary system , a vote of no confidence leads to the resignation of the Prime Minister and Cabinet , or, depending on the constitutional procedure at hand, a snap election . On the other hand, censure is a non-constitutionally-binding expression of disapproval; a motion of censure may be against an individual minister or a group of ministers. However, depending on
2175-467: Is more than twice that of the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha tends to have a greater influence in a joint sitting of Parliament. A joint session is chaired by the speaker of the Lok Sabha. Also, because the joint session is convened by the president on the advice of the government, which already has a majority in the Lok Sabha, the joint session is usually convened to get bills passed through a Rajya Sabha in which
2262-421: Is not outlined in any standing orders for the House of Commons . In the House of Commons, a member of parliament may introduce a motion that explicitly states the House has no confidence in the incumbent government. In addition to explicit motions of no confidence, several other motions and bills are also considered implicit motions of confidence, and a vote of no confidence may be asserted automatically if such
2349-459: Is requested by at least 46 Deputies. New motion of vote of confidence cannot be called sooner that 3 months after previous vote of no confidence was called. Exception applies for motion requested by at least 115 Deputies. The Sejm may also pass a vote of no confidence in an individual minister. This motion can be called if at least 69 Deputies requested it. Same voting procedure as for vote of no confidence of whole government apply. The President of
2436-527: Is the ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions. The deputy chairman , who is elected from amongst the house's members, takes care of the day-to-day matters of the house in the absence of the chairman. The Rajya Sabha held its first sitting on 13 May 1952. The Rajya Sabha meets in the eponymous chamber in Parliament House in New Delhi . Since 18 July 2018, the Rajya Sabha has
2523-574: Is the list of current opposition parties in the Legislative Councils of the Indian states : Motion of no confidence A motion or vote of no confidence (or the inverse, a motion and corresponding vote of confidence ) is a motion and corresponding vote thereon in a deliberative assembly (usually a legislative body ) as to whether an officer (typically an executive ) is deemed fit to continue to occupy their office. The no-confidence vote
2610-432: Is the same as a lost vote of confidence. In this case Chamber has to vote on proposed bill within three months of its submission (otherwise president of the republic can dissolve it). Chamber of Deputies may itself start debate on vote of no confidence of the government, but only if it has been submitted in writing by at least fifty Deputies. To adopt the resolution, an absolute majority of all Deputies have to vote against
2697-591: The Anti-Defection Law , when the majority party has an absolute majority and it can whip party members to vote in favour of the government; still it is possible to remove the government by a no-confidence motion if the ruling party breaks by more than one third. In Ireland , if a motion of no confidence in the Taoiseach or the government of Ireland is passed by Dáil Éireann , then the Taoiseach may request that
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2784-667: The Congress of Deputies . Following the German model, votes of no confidence in Spain are constructive and so the motion must also include an alternative candidate for prime minister . For a motion of no confidence to be successful, it has to be carried by an absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies. At least five days must pass after the motion is registered before it can come up for a vote. Other parties may submit alternative motions within two days of
2871-707: The President dissolve the Dáil and call a general election . Whether or not to grant this request is at the discretion of the President, though no President has ever refused a request for dissolution. Should the President refuse to dissolve the Dáil, the Taoiseach and government must resign. The motion of no confidence is outlined in Israeli Basic Law Article 28 and Article 44 of the Knesset's Rule of Procedure. In Italy ,
2958-522: The Senate . The subsequent Constitutional Court sentence in 1996 declared it was indeed possible to propose an individual vote of no confidence against a single minister , instead of the whole government, and that as such, the motion Mancuso was legitimate. The government can also make any vote a matter of confidence. In the entire history of the Republic of Italy, only two governments were forced to resign when
3045-490: The seventh Fanfani cabinet in 1987. Parliament can withdraw its support to the government through a vote of no confidence. A vote of no confidence may be proposed if a tenth of the members of either house sign the proposition and within three days before the appointed date, the vote can be brought into the discussion. Since the drafting of the Constitution of Italy , Parliament has not passed any no confidence motion against
3132-483: The 11 times that the motion has been invoked, nine cases targeted those posts, with four being effective. Votes of no confidence in prime ministers are extremely rare. In November 1989, Benazir Bhutto faced an ultimately unsuccessful motion of no confidence by Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi . Same is the case for provincial chief ministers , as the only instance of its use is the one moved in January 2018 against Sanaullah Zehri ,
3219-593: The Congress to approve it. The president of the republic may dissolve Congress if it has censured or denied its confidence to two Cabinets. The relevant Articles 132–134 are in the 1993 version of the Constitution of Peru . During the 2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis , President Martín Vizcarra enacted a constitutional process on 29 May 2019 to create a motion of no confidence towards Congress if it refused to co-operate with his proposed actions against corruption. Pedro Castillo also motioned to use this mechanism against Congress in 2022 when he attempted to dissolve
3306-448: The Constitution. The Constitution of India places some restrictions on the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha (the lower house, House of the People) is more powerful in certain areas. The definition of a money bill is given in Article 110 of the Constitution of India. A money bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha by a minister and only on the recommendation of the president of India. When
3393-474: The House came in October 1941, when the House rejected the budget of Arthur Fadden 's minority government. Specific motions of no confidence or censure against the prime minister , ministers, the leader of the opposition , senators and leaders of political parties have been successful on some occasions. Motions of no confidence against the government may be passed in the Senate but have little or no impact in
3480-463: The House. However, the Senate's right to refuse supply helped spark the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis . In the Parliament of Bangladesh , there is no provision to hold motions of no confidence, as a result of Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh , which prohibits members of Parliament from voting against their party and made the removal of a sitting government unattainable. In Canada ,
3567-469: The Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act. The maximum seats of 250 members can be filled up at the discretion and requirements of the house of Rajya Sabha. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years, with about a third of the 233 designates up for election every two years, in even-numbered years. Unlike the Lok Sabha , the Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution. However,
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3654-443: The Lok Sabha passes a money bill then the Lok Sabha sends the money bill to the Rajya Sabha for 14 days during which it can make recommendations. Even if the Rajya Sabha fails to return the money bill in 14 days to the Lok Sabha, that bill is deemed to have passed by both houses. Also, if the Lok Sabha rejects any (or all) of the amendments proposed by the Rajya Sabha, the bill is deemed to have been passed by both houses of Parliament in
3741-435: The National Assembly via secret ballot . It was the eighth motion to be brought against Zuma in his presidency and the first to be held via secret ballot. After the vote was held the next day, the motion was defeated 198–177, with 25 abstentions. Around 20 governing ANC members of Parliament voted in favour of the measure. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 provides for motions of no confidence to be proposed by one-tenth of
3828-500: The Rajya Sabha was to consist of 216 members, of which 12 members were to be nominated by the president and the remaining 204 elected to represent the states. The present sanctioned strength of the Rajya Sabha in the Constitution of India is 250, which can be increased by constitutional amendment. However, the present strength is 245 members according to the Representation of People Act, 1951 , which can be increased up to 250 by amending
3915-452: The Rajya Sabha, like the Lok Sabha, can be prorogued by the president. The Rajya Sabha has equal footing in legislation with the Lok Sabha, except in the area of supply , where the latter has overriding powers. In the case of conflicting legislation, a joint sitting of the two houses can be held, where the Lok Sabha would hold a greater influence because of its larger membership. The vice president of India (currently, Jagdeep Dhankhar )
4002-576: The Republic have to recall a minister who failed to pass vote of no confidence passed by the Sejm by a majority of votes of the statutory number of Deputies. Any member of Parliament in the National Assembly may request a motion of no confidence in either the Cabinet, excluding the president , or the president. The Speaker, within the rules of Parliament , must add such a motion to the order paper and give it
4089-426: The Sejm. Sejm can by constructive vote of no confidence replace prime minister (and his government) with other person included in the vote. In order for motion of no confidence to pass and remove government the Sejm has with majority of all its Deputies vote for new prime minister (President of the Republic then have to appoint new prime minister). Vote of no confidence against sitting government can be called only if it
4176-516: The States and Union territories in the union legislature (hence the name, Council of States). For this reason, the Rajya Sabha has powers that protect the rights of States against the Union government. The Constitution empowers the Parliament of India to make laws on the matters reserved for States. However, this can only be done if the Rajya Sabha first passes a resolution by a two-third majority granting such
4263-732: The States' culture and interests. The Rajya Sabha, by a two-thirds supermajority, can pass a resolution empowering the Indian government to create more all-India services common to both the union and the states. Members of the Rajya Sabha by their political party (as of 11 October 2024): Seats are allotted in proportion to the population of each state or union territory . Certain states may even have more representatives than states more populous than them, because in past they too had high population. For example, Tamil Nadu has 18 representatives for 72 million inhabitants (in 2011) whereas Bihar (104 million) and West Bengal (91 million) only have 16. As
4350-637: The act itself, of whom 233 are representatives of the states and union territories and 12 are nominated by the president. The 12 nominated members of the Rajya Sabha are persons who are eminent in particular fields and are well-known contributors in the particular field. 28 (4) 26 (3) 28 (2) 26 (4) 28 (4) 26 (2) 28 (2) 26 (4) 29 (3) 26 (2) 28 (2) 26 (1) 28 (1) 26 (2) 28 (2) 26 (4) 28 (4) 27 (3) 28 (3) 26 (3) 28 (3) 26 (7) 28 (6) 26 (4) 28 (3) 26 (3) 28 (4) 26 (6) 28 (6) 26 (2) 28 (2) 26 (10) 28 (11) 26 (1) 28 (1) 26 (5) 29 (6) 26(1) 28(5) 25 (08) 26 (73) 27 (04) 28 (75) 29 (10) Besides
4437-401: The chairman (vice-president of India) and the deputy chairman, there is also a position called leader of the House . This is a cabinet minister – the prime minister if they are a member of the House or another nominated minister. The leader has a seat next to the chairman, in the front row. Besides the leader of the House, who is the government's chief representative in the House, there is also
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#17328377318994524-478: The chairman and deputy chairman of Senate . Before it can be put for a vote on the pertinent house's floor, it must have the backing of at least 20% of the elected members in all cases except those moved against speakers or deputy speakers in which case there is no minimum. After being put to vote, the motion is deemed to be successful only if passed by a majority. The no-confidence procedure has historically been mostly used to remove speakers and deputy speakers. Of
4611-497: The chief minister of Balochistan , who resigned before the vote could take place. Since gaining independence in 1947, only Imran Khan was successfully removed as prime minister through a motion of no confidence in 2022. An earlier attempt led by the opposition was dismissed by the deputy speaker Qasim Suri using Article 5 of the constitution. Later on, President Arif Alvi dissolved the National Assembly immediately after receiving advice from Prime Minister Khan to do so, causing
4698-425: The concerned party must have at least 10% of the total strength of the house . A single party has to meet the 10% seat criterion, not an alliance. Many of the Indian state legislatures also follow this 10% rule while the rest of them prefer single largest opposition party according to the rules of their respective houses. The Opposition's main role is to question the government of the day and hold them accountable to
4785-434: The discharge of their constitutional and statutory responsibilities, the chairman of the Rajya Sabha is assisted by the secretary-general, who holds the rank equivalent to the cabinet secretary to the government of India. The secretary-general, in turn, is assisted by senior functionaries at the level of secretary, additional secretary, joint secretary and other officers and staff of the secretariat. The present secretary-general
4872-412: The discussion of the motion (under sub-rule (2) and (3) of rule 198 of Lok Sabha Rules, 16th edition). If the motion carries, the House debates and votes on the motion. If a majority of the members vote in favour of the motion, it is passed, and all the ministers are expected to resign on their moral grounds. J. B. Kripalani moved the first-ever no-confidence motion on the floor of the Lok Sabha against
4959-399: The election of speaker to not be a matter of confidence. This was passed in 1985 and is now part of the standing orders. The confidence convention is also present in the provincial legislatures of Canada, operating much like their federal counterpart. However, the decision to dissolve the legislature and call an election or to see if another coalition/party can form a government is left to
5046-535: The end of the German Weimar Republic . Frequently, chancellors were then turned out of the office without their successors having enough parliamentary support to govern. Unlike the British system, chancellors do not have to resign in response to the failure of a vote of confidence if it has been initiated by them, rather than by the parliamentary opposition, but they may ask the president to call general elections,
5133-559: The facility for simultaneous interpretation in all the 22 scheduled languages of India . The Rajya Sabha proceedings are televised live on channel Sansad TV, headquartered within the premises of Parliament. Article 84 of the Constitution lays down the qualifications for membership of Parliament. A member of the Rajya Sabha must: In addition, twelve members are nominated by the president of India having special knowledge in various areas like arts and science. However, they are not entitled to vote in presidential elections as per Article 55 of
5220-416: The form the Lok Sabha finally passes it. Hence, the Rajya Sabha can only give recommendations for a money bill, but the Rajya Sabha cannot amend a money bill. This is to ensure that the Rajya Sabha must not add any non-money matters to the money bill. There is no joint sitting of both the houses for money bills, because all final decisions are taken by the Lok Sabha. Article 108 provides for a joint sitting of
5307-569: The government are rare in Denmark, only occurring in 1909, 1947 and 1975. Generally the government will resign or call for an election before a vote of no confidence. The European Parliament can dismiss the European Commission , the executive body of the European Union, through a successful motion of no confidence, which requires a two-thirds vote. A successful vote on the motion leads to
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#17328377318995394-410: The government has a minority. Joint sessions of Parliament are a rarity, and have been convened three times in the last 71 years, for passage of a specific legislative act, the latest time being in 2002: Unlike the Lok Sabha, members of the Rajya Sabha cannot bring to the house a no-confidence motion against the government. In the Indian quasi-federal structure, the Rajya Sabha is representative of
5481-588: The government of prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru in August 1963, immediately after the disastrous Sino-Indian War . As of August 2023, 31 no-confidence motions have been moved. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi faced the most no-confidence motions (15), followed by Lal Bahadur Shastri and P. V. Narasimha Rao (three each), Morarji Desai and Narendra Modi (two each), and Jawaharlal Nehru , Rajiv Gandhi , V. P. Singh , H. D. Deve Gowda , Atal Bihari Vajpayee , and Manmohan Singh (one each). Prime Minister Vajpayee lost
5568-770: The government or after first sitting of newly elected Sejm , appoint prime miniter and on his recommodation other members of the government (prime minister have to submit resignation of the government at first sitting of new Sejm). 14 days after being appointed by president government must present their programme to the Sejm and ask for a motion requiring a vote of confidence. Motion is passed if more present Sejm deputies votes for government than against it. At least half of all Deputies have to be present. If government fails to pass vote of confidence (or if president failed to appoint government in time) then President of Sejm nominate prime minister and government which has to also pass vote of confidence. If vote of confidence passed then president of
5655-435: The government requires the support of both houses of Parliament . Within ten days of the government's formation, a confidence motion must be passed. Five governments were forced to resign when a motion of confidence in them failed to pass in one of the houses of Parliament: the eighth De Gasperi cabinet in 1953, the first Fanfani cabinet in 1954, the first Andreotti cabinet in 1972, the fifth Andreotti cabinet in 1979 and
5742-537: The government's majority, such as the 1895 vote of no confidence in the Earl of Rosebery's government , which was technically a motion to reduce the salary of a minister by a nominal sum. In the Australian Parliament , a motion of no confidence requires a majority of the members present in the House of Representatives to agree to it. The House of Representatives has 151 members and so requires 76 votes in favour of
5829-597: The government. Paragraph 15 of the Danish Constitution states that "A Minister shall not remain in office after the Folketing has passed a vote of no confidence in him" and that "When the Folketing passes a vote of no confidence in the Prime Minister, he shall ask for the dismissal of the Ministry unless writs are to be issued for a general election." The vote requires a simple majority . Votes of no confidence against
5916-427: The legislative body . The Congressionally-appointed Constitutional Court of Peru , during the presidency of Castillo, would rule that only Congress could interpret whether or not a motion of confidence has been made. The Constitution of Poland (1997) provides for government responsible to the Sejm (lower chamber of the Parliament of Poland ). President of the Republic have to no more than 14 days after demise of
6003-760: The legislature. The Constitution of the Czech Republic provides for government responsible to the Chamber of Deputies (lower chamber of the Czech parliament ). Any new government, appointed after demise of previous one, must no more than 30 days after being appointed by president of the republic , request motion of confidence vote from Chamber of Deputies . Motion of confidence is passed if more deputies votes for government that against her. Otherwise government have to resign and president can appoint new government. If also this government fails to gain confidence of then President of
6090-476: The members are elected by the state legislature, some small union territories, those without legislatures, cannot have representation. Hence, Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Chandigarh , Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu , Ladakh and Lakshadweep do not send any representatives. Twelve members are nominated by the president. As per the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution of India on 26 January 1950,
6177-427: The motion of no confidence against Khan by a majority vote of 172, being the first successful ousting through no–confidence motion. In Peru, both the legislative and the executive branches have the power to bring a motion of no confidence against acting legal members of the other branch. The president of the Cabinet may propose a motion of no confidence against any minister to Congress, which then needs more than half
6264-480: The motion when all members of the House are present. A straight vote of no confidence in the Australian government and a motion or amendment censuring a government have never been successful in the House of Representatives. However, governments have on eight occasions resigned or advised a dissolution after their defeat on other questions before the House. The last time that a government resigned after being defeated in
6351-513: The no-confidence motion by a margin of one vote (269–270) in April 1999. Prime Minister Desai resigned on 12 July 1979 after being defeated in a vote of no-confidence, V. P. Singh and H. D. Deve Gowda were also removed in no-confidence motion. The two most recent no-confidence motion were against the Narendra Modi government, in 2018 and in 2023, both of which were failed in the Lok Sabha. Even after
6438-608: The provincial lieutenant-governor . Two Canadian territories, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut , operate as a consensus government system in which the premier is chosen by the members of the nonpartisan legislature. If a vote of no confidence against the incumbent government passes, the premier and the cabinet are removed from office, and the legislature elects a new premier. In a consensus government, confidence motions may be directed against any individual ministers holding office as they are also nominated by members of
6525-521: The public. This also helps to fix the mistakes of the Ruling Party. The Opposition is equally responsible in upholding the best interests of the people of the country. They have to ensure that the Government does not take any steps, which might have negative effects on the people of the country. The role of the opposition in legislature is basically to check the excesses of the ruling or dominant party, and not to be totally antagonistic. There are actions of
6612-501: The registration. Also, the prime minister is barred from dissolving the Cortes Generales and calling a general election while a motion of no confidence is pending. If the motion is successful, the incumbent prime minister must resign. According to the Constitution, the replacement candidate named in the motion is automatically deemed to have the confidence of the Congress of Deputies and is immediately appointed as prime minister by
6699-422: The republic has to formally appoint this government. Otherwise president again may nominate members of the government as in first instance. If even this time government fails to pass vote of confidence, then President of the Republic has to call new parliamentary election. Prime minister can ask Sejm for vote of confidence. Government as whole but also individual ministers (for their ministry) are responsible to
6786-615: The republic have to appoint prime minister proposed by President of the Chamber of Deputies. If also this time government fails to gain confidence of the Chamber then president of the republic may choose if he again appoints prime minister of his choice (government still need to pass motion of confidence), or if he orders dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies and sets new elections. Government can at any time ask Chamber of Deputies for vote of confidence. Government can also connect voting on government-sponsored bill with request for vote of confidence. If bill fails to pass in Chamber of Deputies it
6873-451: The resignation of high officeholders may not be clear. Even if the government is not constitutionally bound to resign after losing a given vote, such a result may be an ominous sign for the government and prompt its resignation or the calling of snap elections . In addition to explicit motions of confidence and no-confidence, some bills (almost always the government budget , and sometimes other key pieces of legislation) may be declared to be
6960-432: The resignation of the entire Commission. In Germany , a vote of no confidence in the federal chancellor requires the opposition, on the same ballot, to propose a candidate of its own whom it wants the federal president to appoint as its successor. Thus, a motion of no confidence may be brought forward only if there is a positive majority for the new candidate. The idea was to prevent the state crises that occurred near
7047-456: The result of a loss of supply ; votes of no confidence in 2005 and 2011 were the result of explicit confidence motions presented by the opposition. In 1968, the standing orders respecting supply were amended to limit opposition to two confidence motions on a given opposition day in each of the three supply periods. This provision was repealed in June 1985. In 1984, a proposal was made to consider
7134-550: The ruling party which may be beneficial to the masses and opposition is expected to support such steps. In legislature the Opposition Party has a major role, which is: This is the list of current opposition parties in the Parliament of India : This is the list of current opposition parties in the Legislative Assemblies of the Indian states and union territories :. (no opposition with at least 10% seats) This
7221-531: The secretarial staff of either House of Parliament. The Rajya Sabha Secretariat functions under the overall guidance and control of the chairman. The main activities of the Secretariat inter alia include the following: (i) providing secretarial assistance and support to the effective functioning of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha); (ii) providing amenities as admissible to Members of Rajya Sabha; (iii) servicing
7308-483: The states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots, while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social service. The total allowed capacity is 250 (238 elected, 12 appointed) according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution . The current potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245 (233 elected, 12 appointed), after
7395-405: The two houses of Parliament in certain cases. A joint sitting can be convened by the president of India when one house has either rejected a bill passed by the other house, has not taken any action on a bill transmitted to it by the other house for six months, or has disagreed with the amendments proposed by the Lok Sabha on a bill passed by it. Considering that the numerical strength of the Lok Sabha
7482-496: The various Parliamentary Committees; (iv) preparing research and reference material and bringing out various publications; (v) recruitment of manpower in the Sabha Secretariat and attending to personnel matters; and (vi) preparing and publishing a record of the day-to-day proceedings of the Rajya Sabha and bringing out such other publications, as may be required concerning the functioning of the Rajya Sabha and its Committees. In
7569-436: The whole cabinet, as government crises often ended with prime ministers resigning after becoming aware the majority of parliament did not support them anymore, before a no confidence motion could be put to vote or even before such a motion was presented. The only time this instrument was used was in October 1995, when the minister of justice Filippo Mancuso was forced to resign after a vote of no confidence against him passed in
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