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83-605: Jeju Island was first settled by humans 8,000 to 10,000 years ago and the Tamna Kingdom is the earliest known civilization on the island. Beginning in the 5th century AD, the kingdom would become a tributary state of various Korean Kingdoms and briefly invaded by the Mongol Empire , before being annexed into the Goryeo in 1105 and later Joseon in 1392. Joseon ruled the island brutally and multiple uprisings occurred. Jeju Island, with

166-484: A Koreanic language . Alexander Vovin compares certain glosses of Jeju Japonic to words of other Japonic languages. Injo of Joseon Injo ( Korean :  인조 ; Hanja :  仁祖 ; 7 December 1595 – 17 June 1649), personal name Yi Jong ( 이종 ; 李倧 ), was the 16th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea . He was a grandson of King Seonjo and the eldest son of Prince Jeongwon . He ascended to

249-551: A Hyeon-gam (also county magistrate). In August 1864, both Jeongui and Daejeong hyeons were removed from the control of the 'moksa' north of the mountain in today's Jeju-si area and were renamed 'Gun" (county) and came under the direct control of the Gwanchalsa (governor) of Jeolla province. Because of strife between these 'Guns' and the Jeju 'moksa', the system was abolished in January 1880, and

332-478: A background of an ongoing ideological struggle for control of Korea and a variety of grievances held by islanders against the local authorities, many communist sympathizers on the island attacked police stations and government offices. The brutal and often indiscriminate suppression of the rebellion resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians and insurgents, and the imprisonment of thousands more in internment camps. 14,000 to 30,000 people were killed in total during

415-455: A box that flowed from the North Sea. As they opened it, there were messenger, beautiful three princesses, farm animals and five grain seeds in the box. They came from eastern country, Japan. Three gods greeted them as their wives and started cultivating industries and five crops to make a village. According to legend, after Yang Eul-na (양을나/良乙那) came to Jeju Island, a box washed up on the shore of

498-505: A cover up by the Korean government led to public ignorance of the Jeju uprising by mainland Koreans for many years. A 1988 documentary by Thames TV, Korea: The Unknown War and many activities and publications, including Sun-i Samch'on by Hyun Ki Young , by organizations and persons from within Jeju-do and around the world continue to attempt to shed the light on this event. The Uprising has become

581-483: A de facto hostage. In 1105, (King Sukjong's 10th year), the Goryeo court abolished the name Takna, which had been used up to this time and, from that year on, the island was known as "Tamna-gun" (district) and Goryeo officials were sent to handle the affairs of the island. Tamna-country was changed to Tamna-county in 1153, during the reign of King Uijong and Choi Cheok-kyeong was posted as Tamna-Myeong or Chief of Tamna. During

664-612: A distinctive language and culture, engaged in trade with the Mahan people of the mainland. However, the identity of Juho with Tamna has been disputed by authorities such as the North Korean scholar Lee Ch'i-rin (이지린), who claims that Juho was a small island in the Yellow Sea . In 476, according to the Samguk Sagi , Tamna entered into a tributary relationship with Baekje , which controlled

747-587: A gift, following the September 2018 inter-Korean summit . In November 2020, South Korean archeologists announced the discovery of a 900-year-old lost slipway off the coast of Sinchangli. Researchers also discovered bright objects, coins and ceramics belonging to the Northern Song dynasty . The script in the official Jeju logo is colored black, to evoke the basalt of the island, indicating that Jeju's traditions should be preserved and developed. The green symbolizes

830-569: A minor player, unable to gain power; however many members of the Western faction continued to look for opportunities to return to politics as the ruling faction. Although King Gwanghaegun (光海君, 광해군) was an outstanding administrator and great diplomat, he was largely unsupported by many politicians, scholars, and aristocrats because he was not the first-born and he was born of a concubine. Greater Northerners tried to stomp out those opinions, suppressing Lesser Northerners and killing Prince Imhae (臨海君, 임해군),

913-715: A prominent Joseon army commander who was guarding the Uiju Fortress at the time. A Qing army of 128,000 men marched directly into Hanseong before Injo could escape to Ganghwa Island , driving Injo to Namhan Mountain Fortress instead. Running out of food and supplies after the Manchu managed to cut all supply lines, Injo finally surrendered to the Qing dynasty ceremoniously bowing to the Hong Taiji nine times as Hong Taiji's servant, and agreeing to

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996-426: A soup based on doenjang (soybean paste) such as baechuguk made with Napa cabbage , kongnipguk made with soybean leaves, or muguk made with radish . Jeju dishes are made with simple ingredients, and the taste is generally salty. Raw seafood called hoe is commonly consumed as a part of the meal. The warm weather affects Jeju cuisine in that gimjang , preparing kimchi in late autumn for winter consumption,

1079-531: A symbol of Jeju's Independence from Korean Peninsula . The provincial administrative building was burned to the ground in September 1948 and a new building was completed in 1-do, 2-dong in December 1952. In 2008, bodies of victims of a massacre were discovered in a mass grave near Jeju International Airport . On June 27, 2007, Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes was unanimously made a UNESCO World Heritage site at

1162-490: A wide variety of purposes. Bangsatap are ritual doldam structures meant to ward off evil spirits and misfortune. They are usually around 2 to 3 m (6.6 to 9.8 ft) tall, and usually have an object placed on top (usually a wood or stone sculpture of a bird or a person). They are generally placed in communities, in an area determined by feng shui or placed where misfortune was thought to be likely. A 2022 news article claimed that 49 pre-modern bangsatap were left on

1245-460: Is a type of orange similar to the Mandarin orange or tangerine , commonly harvested in Jeju island. Black pig is a delicacy on the island as well. Black pigs are famous for their black hair and their meat for its chewy texture. The meat is nutritious and does not have the unique smell of pork. Black pigs' other notable features are their long faces, narrow snouts and small ears that stand up. Horse meat

1328-657: Is also a delicacy of the island. Tamna Tamna ( Korean :  탐라 ; Hanja :  耽羅 ) was a kingdom based on Jeju Island from ancient times until it was absorbed by the Korean Joseon dynasty in 1404, following a long period of being a tributary state or autonomous administrative region of various Korean kingdoms. The Go (Jeju) clan is the family name of the Lord ( Korean :  성주 ; Hanja :  星主 ; RR :  Seongju ), that ruled West Tamna over 400 years. The Moon (Nampyeong) clan

1411-510: Is not necessary to Jeju, as it is in the other provinces. Only a small amount of kimchi is pickled by Jeju locals. Representative main dishes in Jeju cuisine are porridge made with fish, seafood, seaweed, or mushrooms. Examples include jeonbokjuk made with abalone , okdomjuk made with red tilefish , gingijuk (Jeju: 깅잇죽/겡잇죽; 게죽 ) made with small crabs called bangge ( Helice tridens ), maeyeoksae juk made with young miyeok ( 미역 ) ( wakame ), and chogijuk made with shiitake . Gamgyul

1494-488: Is the Jeju Civilian-Military Complex Port . Jeju residents, environmentalists, and opposition parties opposed the construction claiming that environmental hazards will damage the "Island of Peace" designated as such by the government. Villagers have protested and filed lawsuits to try to block construction and have widely publicized their opposition. The protests caused delays in the construction. The base

1577-516: Is the family name of the Prince ( 왕자 ; 王子 ; Wangja ), that ruled East Tamna for 400 years. The Kingdom of Tamna is also sometimes known as Tangna (탕나), Seomna (섬나), and Tammora (탐모라). It's attested with the older 漱牟羅 /tammura/ meaning something like 'valley settlement' with the second component being possibly related to the Japonic homophone mura. There is no discovered historical record of

1660-482: Is the family name of the Prince(Wangja, 왕자, 王子), that ruled East Tamna. (문착) (문양부) (문영희) (문신) (문창우) (문창유) (문공제) (문승서) (문신보) (문충보) (문충걸) (문충세) Governor of Right Jeju (우도지관/右都知管) 1404–1415 (우도지관/右都知管) *Based on Tamnaji(탐라지, 耽羅志), Goryeosa(고려사, 高麗史) and The Veritable Records of Joseon Dynasty (조선왕조실록, 朝鮮王朝實錄) The Tamna language might have been Japonic in origin, later being replaced by

1743-547: The 2002 FIFA World Cup , with matches hosted at Jeju World Cup Stadium . Jeju City hosted the AIBA 2014 Women's World Boxing Championships at the Halla Gymnasium. Jeju United is the only professional sports club on Jeju-do. Jeju United was runner-up in the K League in 2010 . Jeju-do has a famous high-school association football tournament that began in 1971. Jeju Island is the southernmost and largest island isolated from

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1826-472: The Chuja Islands and Udo . The total area of the province is 1,849 km (714 sq mi). Religion in Jeju (2015) According to the census of 2005, of the people of Jeju 32.7% follow Buddhism and 17.5% follow Christianity (10.3% Protestantism and 7.2% Catholicism ). 49.8% of the population is mostly not religious or follows Korean Shamanism . Jeju Island served as one of the host cities of

1909-490: The Korean peninsula . Due to its lack of fresh water, paddy farming is only done on a small scale, with the cultivation of cereal crops such as millet , barnyard millet , buckwheat, and barley being the main feature of agriculture. Therefore, the traditional Jeju meal generally consists of japgokbap , which is a bowl of steamed multiple grains as a main dish, with salted dried fish called jaban as banchan (side dishes), and

1992-597: The Tamil Chola dynasty , as well as rest of Korea , by the 1st century AD. The first historical reference to the kingdom may come in the 3rd century AD, in the chronicle of the Chinese Three Kingdoms period called the Sanguozhi . The Sanguozhi reports a strange people living on a large island near Korea, which it calls Juho (州胡, Late Han Chinese tɕu-ga , literally "island barbarians "). These people, who had

2075-563: The Treaty of Samjeondo , which required Injo's first and second son to be taken to China as captives. Joseon then became a tributary state to the Qing dynasty, and the Qing went on to conquer the Central Plain in 1644. After Qing conquered Beijing in 1644, the two princes returned to Korea. Injo's first son, Crown Prince Sohyeon , brought many new products from the western world, including Christianity , and urged Injo for reform. However,

2158-534: The 13 month uprising. From 3 April 1948 to May 1949, the South Korean government conducted an anticommunist campaign to suppress an attempted uprising on the island. The main cause for the rebellion was the election scheduled for 10 May 1948, designed by the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea (UNTCOK) to create a new government for all of Korea. The elections were only planned for

2241-617: The 15th century. The Go clan is the family name of the kings that ruled Tamna, and the first king was one of the three who emerged from the ground. His descendants became the future kings of Tamna. The Go(Jeju) clan is the family name of the Lord(Seongju, 성주, 星主), that ruled West Tamna. West Tamna ruled by Go(Jeju) Clan for 400 years Governor of Left Jeju (좌도지관/左都知管) (좌도지관/左都知管) (좌도지관/左都知管) (좌도지관/左都知管) *Based on Tamnaji(탐라지, 耽羅志), Goryeosa(고려사, 高麗史) and The Veritable Records of Joseon Dynasty (조선왕조실록, 朝鮮王朝實錄) The Moon(Nampyeong) clan

2324-531: The 15th descendants of Koulla, one of the progenitors of the Jeju people, were received by the court of Silla , at which time the name Tamna was officially recognized, while the official government posts of Commander, Prince and Governor were conferred by the court upon the three. However, there is no concrete evidence of when the "Three Names" (Samseong-Ko, Yang and Pu) appeared nor the exact date of when Ko-hu and his brothers were received by Silla. The "Three Names" Founding Period may be assumed to have occurred during

2407-577: The 17th century, Injo of Joseon issued an edict prohibiting islanders from travelling to the Korean mainland. Consequently, Jeju islanders staged several major uprisings, including the Kang Je Geom Rebellion (1862), Bang Seong Chil Rebellion (1898), and the Lee Jae Su Rebellion (1901). In 1910, Japan annexed Korea , including Jeju, inaugurating a period of hardship and deprivation for the islanders, many of whom were compelled to travel to

2490-450: The 31st World Heritage Committee. On 11 November 2018, it was announced that preparations were being made for North Korean leader Kim Jong Un to visit Jeju during his upcoming visit to South Korea. Kim would be transported to Jeju via helicopter. The announcement came in after 200 tonnes of tangerines harvested in Jeju were flown to North Korea as a sign of appreciation for nearly 2 tonnes of North Korean mushrooms Kim gave to South Korea as

2573-532: The Later Jin again began to seek another chance for war. King Injo provided refuge to Ming general Mao Wenlong and with his unit, after they fled from the Later Jin and came to Korea; this action caused the Later Jin to invade Korea once again. In 1636, Hong Taiji officially renamed his dynasty the Qing dynasty , and proceeded to invade Joseon personally. The Qing forces purposely avoided battle with General Im Gyeong-eop ,

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2656-407: The Later Jin ruler Nurhaci to attack Joseon; thus the friendly relationship between the Later Jin and Joseon ended. In 1627, 30,000 Manchu cavalry under General Amin (阿敏) and former Korean General Gang Hong-rip invaded Joseon , calling for the restoration of Gwanghaegun and the execution of Westerners leaders, including Kim Ja-jeom . General Jang Man again fought against the Later Jin, but

2739-567: The Moksa system altogether, the Gunsu or County chief system was adopted. In 1910, Jeongui and Daejeong were included in Jeju gun while Chuja-myeon was placed under the jurisdiction of Wando-gun, part of South Jeolla province. Japan annexed Korea in 1910. In 1915, the gun or county system that had been adopted in 1906 was abolished and Jeju island was designated as part of the 'island' system and called Jeju myeon under South Jeolla province. In 1931, Jeju-myeon

2822-599: The Sambyeolcho was annihilated. After Mongol invasions of Korea, the Mongol Empire established a base on Jeju Island with its ally, the Goryeo army in ( Tamna prefectures ) and converted part of the island to a grazing area for the Korean and Mongol cavalry stationed there. After the Sambyeolcho Rebellion was crushed by the Yuan authorities, Tamna prefectures were established and were used to graze horses, until 1356. In

2905-636: The Tamna kingdom to an end. One interesting event that took place during these later years of Tamna was the Sambyeolcho Rebellion , which came to a bloody end on Jeju Island in 1274. Alexander Vovin (2013) notes that the old name for Jeju Island is tammura , which can be analyzed in Japanese as tani mura たにむら ( 谷 村 'valley settlement') or tami mura たみむら ( 民 村 'people's settlement'). Thus, Vovin concludes that Japonic speakers were present on Jeju Island before being replaced by Koreanic speakers sometime before

2988-486: The Three Kingdoms ( Goguryeo , Baekje and Silla ) Period on the mainland of Korea. Taejo , founder of Goryeo , attempted to establish the same relationship between Goryeo and Tamna as Tamna had had with Silla. Tamna refused to accept this position and the Goryeo court dispatched troops to force Tamna to submit. Ko ja-gyeon, chief of Tamna, submitted to Goryeo in 938 and sent his son, Prince Mallo, to Goryeo's court as

3071-401: The beginning of the 15th century, Jeju Island was subjected to the highly centralized rule of the Joseon dynasty. A travel ban was implemented for almost 200 years and many uprisings by Jeju Island residents were suppressed. During the Joseon period (1392–1910), Jeju islanders were treated as foreigners and Jeju was considered as a place for horse breeding and exile for political prisoners. In

3154-474: The centralized form of government established by Joseon. In 1402, the titles of Commander and Prince were abolished. In 1416, the island was divided into three major administrative districts: the area lying generally north of Hallasan was headed by a 'Moksa' or county magistrate, while the eastern area of Jeongui-county (today's Seongeup Folk Village ) and the southwestern area of Daejeong-county (today's Moseulpo, Daejeong-eup, and Sanbangsan ) were each headed by

3237-473: The changes in name, the province was given extensive administrative powers that had previously been reserved for the central government. This is part of a plans to turn Jeju into a "Free International City." Jeju, on July 1, 2006, was made into the first Self-Governing Province of South Korea. In Korean, do is the phonetic transcription of two distinct hanja ( Chinese characters ) meaning "island" (島) and "province" (道). However, Jejudo generally refers to

3320-410: The cold better. In the early 1960s, 21% of women on the island were free divers, providing 60% of the island's fisheries revenue. However, because of rapid economic development and modernization, as of 2014 only about 4,500 haenyeo, most aged over 60, were still actively working. In 1993, South Korea began planning a naval base on Jeju Island. In June 2007, Gangjeong, a village on the southern coast of

3403-507: The conservative Injo would not accept his ideas and persecuted the Crown Prince for attempting to bring in foreign Catholicism and Western science into Korea. The Crown Prince was mysteriously found dead in the King's room, bleeding severely from the head. Legends say that Injo killed his own son with an ink slab that Sohyeon brought from China; however, some historians suggest he was poisoned by

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3486-453: The coup were rewarded with positions in the King's court. Yi Gwal led 12,000 troops, including 100 Japanese (who defected to Joseon during Japanese invasions of Korea ), to the capital, Hanseong , where Yi Gwal defeated a regular army under the command of General Jang Man ( 张晚 ) and surrounded Hanseong in what is known as the Battle of Jeotan. Injo fled to Gongju , and Hanseong fell into

3569-519: The exile of Prince Sohyeon's three sons to Jeju Island (from which only the youngest son, Prince Gyeongan, returned to the mainland alive) and the execution of Sohyeon's wife, Crown Princess Minhoe, for treason. Today, Injo is mostly regarded as a weak, indecisive and unstable ruler; for he caused the Yi Gwal Rebellion, two wars with the Qing dynasty, and a devastation of the economy. He is often compared negatively to his predecessor, Gwanghaegun, who

3652-616: The fact that he had black spots all over his body after his death and that his body decomposed rapidly. Many, including his wife, tried to uncover what happened but Injo ordered immediate burial and greatly reduced the grandeur of the practice of Crown Prince's funeral. King Injo even shortened the funeral period for his son. Later, Injo also executed Sohyeon's wife who tried to find out the real reason for her husband's death. King Injo appointed Grand Prince Bongrim as new Crown Prince (who later became King Hyojong ) rather than Prince Sohyeon's oldest son, Prince Gyeongseon. Soon after, Injo ordered

3735-425: The field, this remains unproven. The Northwest Youth League, a Korean government-sponsored watchdog group made up of refugees who had fled North Korea, actively repressed any and all "communist sympathizers" including a policy of shooting anyone entering or leaving the president's declared "enemy zone". This led to the deaths of hundreds of islanders. Many islanders were also raped and tortured. The isolation of Jeju and

3818-880: The founding or early history of Tamna. One legend tells that the three divine founders of the country—Go (고), Yang (양), and Bu (부)—emerged from three holes in the ground in the 24th century BC. These holes, known as the Samseonghyeol (삼성혈), are still preserved in Jeju City . 初無人、三神人從地聳出其主山北麓有穴曰毛興、是其地也.長曰良乙那、次曰高乙那、三曰夫乙那、三人遊獵荒僻、皮衣肉食.一日、見紫泥封蔵木函、浮至東海濱、就而開之、函內又有石函.有一紅帶紫衣使者、隨來開函、有靑衣處女三人及諸駒犢五穀種、乃曰: 「我是日本國使也、吾王生此三女、云西海中嶽降神子三人、將欲開國而無配匹、於是命臣侍三女而來、宜作配以成大業.」使者忽乘雲而去、三人以年次分娶之.就泉甘土肥處射矢卜地、良乙那所居曰第一都、高乙那所居曰第二都、夫乙那所居曰第三都、始播五穀且牧駒犢、日就富庶.十五代孫高厚、高淸、高季昆弟三人、造船渡海、泊于耽津、蓋新羅盛時也.于時客星見南方、太史奏曰: 「異國人來朝之象也.」及厚等至、王嘉之、稱厚曰星主、以其動星象也.令淸出袴下、愛如己子、稱曰王子.又稱其季曰都內.邑號曰耽羅、以初來泊耽津而朝新羅也.各賜寶蓋・衣帶而遣之、自此子孫蕃盛、敬事新羅.以高爲星主、良爲王子、夫爲徒上.其後服事百濟、除星主・王子之號、以其爲佐平使者、爲恩率.及羅濟亡、耽羅國主見太子未老、朝高麗太祖、因賜星主・王子爵瑞山. Ancient Jeju island

3901-519: The four myeon of Aewol, Gujwa, Namwon and Seongsan were elevated to the status of townships giving the administrative area one city, two counties, seven townships, six districts and, within Jeju-si, 17 wards. In 1981, the development of the Jungmun Tourist Complex brought about the unification of Seogwi township and Jungmun-myeon (district) into one as Seogwipo consisting of 12 wards (dong) giving

3984-591: The government was divided by various political factions and the liberal Eastern political faction came out strong after the Japanese invasions of 1582–1598 , as they fought most actively against the Japanese. The Eastern faction split during the last days of King Seonjo into the Northern and Southern political factions . The Northern faction wanted radical reform, while the Southern faction supported more moderate measures. At

4067-499: The growing Jurchens (later Manchus and Qing dynasty). However, following the fall of Gwanghaegun , conservative Westerners took a hard-line policy toward the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty , keeping their alliance with Ming dynasty. The Later Jin, who had up until that time remained mostly friendly to Joseon, began to regard Joseon as an enemy. Han Yun , who participated in the rebellion of Yi Gwal , fled to Manchuria and urged

4150-431: The hands of the rebels. On February 11, 1624, Yi Gwal enthroned Prince Heungan (興安君, 흥안군) as the new King. However, General Jang Man soon returned with another regiment and defeated Yi Gwal 's forces. The Korean army recaptured the capital soon after, and Yi Gwal was murdered by his bodyguard, ending the rebellion. Even though Injo kept his throne, the uprising displayed the weaknesses of royal authority while asserting

4233-431: The island, although before the mid-20th century they were considered to be widespread. Jeongnang are traditional entrance gates to private homes on the island. The gates are typically composed of three parallel wooden poles placed in holes in wood or stone pillars. They have a number of purposes, one of which is to quickly communicate to neighbors where the owner of the house is. If all three poles are lowered on one side,

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4316-513: The island, was selected as the site of the $ 970 million naval base. Construction started in Gangjeong village in 2007, with planned completion by 2011. The base was designed to be a mixed military-commercial port similar to those in Sydney and Hawaii , that could accommodate 20 warships and three submarines, as well as two civilian cruise ships displacing up to 150,000 tons . Its official name

4399-670: The island, while Jeju-do refers to the government administrative unit. The table below also includes the name of Jeju City, the provincial capital. Jeju is represented by 3 constituencies in the National Assembly of South Korea : Jeju-gap, Jeju-eul (in Jeju City) and Seogwipo. Dol hareubang ( lit.   ' stone grandfather[s] ' ) are statues that were placed in front of gates as symbolic projections of power and guardians against evil spirits. They have also become symbols and ritual objects for fertility ; there are rituals involving

4482-547: The island. Yang Eul-na searched in the box and found three women, horses, cows, and agricultural seeds such as rice , corn, grain, millet , barley , and bamboo . From these beginnings, the three men established the kingdom of Tamna. He is regarded as the legendary ancestor of Yang Tang, the founder of the Jeju Yang bon-gwan . Archaeological evidence indicates that the people of Tamna were engaging in active trade with Han China and Yayoi Japan , South-east-Asian nations, with

4565-663: The mainland or Japan for work. Residents of Jeju were active in the Korean independence movement during the period of Japanese rule. On Jeju, the peak of resistance came in 1931–32 when haenyeo ("sea women") from six eastern villages launched a protest against the Japanese-controlled Divers Association. Before it was brutally crushed, the protests spread and eventually 17,000 people participated, with over 100 arrested in Korea's largest protest movement ever led by women and fisheries workers. On April 3, 1948, against

4648-583: The natural environment of Hallasan and Jeju, blue symbolizes the sea of Jeju, and orange symbolizes the hopeful future and value of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. In 1273, the Mongolian Yuan dynasty established a military governor on the island. For nearly a hundred years the island was effectively under the complete control of these governors. During the Joseon period, all of the administrative rights and systems of Jeju island, which had maintained some independence until this time, were absorbed into

4731-507: The new King of Joseon . Although Injo was king, he did not have any authority since almost all of the power was held by the Western faction that had dethroned Gwanghaegun . Yi Gwal thought he was mistreated and received too small a reward for his role in the coup. In 1624, he rebelled against Injo after being sent to the Northern front as military commander of Pyongyang to fight against the expanding Manchus, while other significant leaders of

4814-453: The noses of the statues being touched or consumed to improve fertility. They have since become widely adopted as symbols of Jeju Island. It is unclear when they first began to be made; there are attestations to statues similar to them from around 500 years ago, in the early Joseon period. There are 47 pre-modern dol hareubang remaining. Modern versions of the statues have been created, with some being sold as tourist goods. Doldam refers to

4897-534: The oldest son of Seonjo , and Grand Prince Yeongchang (永昌大君, 영창대군), the queen's son. It was not Gwanghaegun 's plan to keep his throne; and in fact, he actually tried to bring minor factions into the government, but was blocked by opposition from members of the Greater Northerners, such as Jeong In-hong and Yi I-cheom . The actions made Gwanghaegun even more unpopular among wealthy aristocrats, and they finally began plotting against him. In 1623, members of

4980-463: The others being Gangwon State and Jeonbuk State . The earliest known polity on the island was the kingdom of Tamna . According to the legend, three demigods emerged from Samseong , which is said to have been on the northern slopes of Hallasan and became the progenitors of the Jeju people, who founded the Kingdom of Tamna . It has also been claimed that three brothers, including Ko-hu, who were

5063-525: The owner of the house is at home. Raising poles expresses degrees of how far away from home the owner is; three raised poles indicates that the owner will be gone for a long time. Jeongnang have become increasingly less common, especially as more Jejuans have moved into apartments. In spite of this, the practice is still maintained in rural areas. Another distinct aspect of Jeju is the matriarchal family structure, found especially in Udo and Mara, but also present in

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5146-416: The province two cities, two counties, six townships, five districts and 29 wards. On October 1, 1983, Jeju-si's Samdo ward was divided into two wards to give a total of 30 wards in the province. Yongdam ward in Jeju-si was restructured into Yongdam ward one and Yongdam ward two on October 1, 1985. On April 1, 1986, Jocheon myeon (district) was elevated to the status of Township and Yeonpyeong-ri Gujwa township

5229-465: The reign of Gojong of Goryeo , Tamna was renamed "Jeju", which means "province across the sea". In 1271, General Kim T'ong-jŏng escaped with what remained of his Sambyeolcho force from Jindo and built the Hangpadu Fortress at Kwiil-chon from where they continued their fight against the combined Korean government-Mongolian army, but within two years, faced by an enemy army of over 10,000 troops,

5312-513: The remainder of the kingdom's history: Seongju (성주, 星主), Wangja (왕자, 王子), and Donae (도내, 都內). Some sources indicate that this took place during the reign of King Munmu of Silla in the late 7th century AD. [1] Tamna briefly reclaimed its independence after the fall of Silla in 935. However, it was subjugated by the Goryeo dynasty in 938, and officially annexed in 1105. However, the kingdom maintained local autonomy until 1404, when Taejong of Joseon placed it under firm central control and brought

5395-617: The rest of mainland Korea , was annexed by the Empire of Japan in 1910. Following Japan's surrender in World War II in 1945, the islands became part of South Jeolla Province in the United States Army Military Government in Korea , before becoming a separate province on August 1, 1946. On July 1, 2006, the islands were designated a Special Self-Governing Province; it is now one of three special self-governing provinces,

5478-461: The rest of the province. The best-known example of this is found among the haenyeo ("sea women"), who were often the heads of families, because they controlled the income. They earned their living from freediving , often all year round in quite cold water without scuba gear , in order to harvest abalones , conches , and a myriad of other marine products. It is thought that women are better at spending all day deep-water diving because they resist

5561-481: The south of the country, the half of the peninsula under UNTCOK control. Fearing that the elections would further reinforce division, guerrilla fighters of the Workers' Party of South Korea (WPSK) reacted violently, attacking local police and rightist youth groups stationed on Jeju Island. While claims have been made that the U.S. government oversaw and supported "anti-communist" activities administratively if not openly in

5644-408: The southwestern Korean peninsula as Tamna gave military aide with some sort of money, and enjoyed strong ties with Japan . It was thus a natural partner for Tamna. As Baekje waned, Tamna turned to Silla instead. At some point near the end of the Three Kingdoms period, Tamna officially subjugated itself to Silla. Silla then conferred on the three princes of Tamna the titles which they would hold for

5727-619: The southwestern portion of Hallim Township was separated and newly designated as the Hankyeong district (myeon), which gave the province one city, two counties, three townships and 10 myeon or districts with 14 wards in Jeju City. May 23, 1979, saw the restructuring of the Jeju-si wards and the addition of three more, giving 17 wards. In March 1980, the construction of a new provincial office was started in Yeon-dong of Jeju-si and in December of that year

5810-476: The superiority of the aristocrats, who had gained even more power by fighting against the rebellion. The economy, which was experiencing a slight recovery from Gwanghaegun 's reconstruction, was again ruined, and Korea would remain in a poor economic state for a few centuries. King Gwanghaegun , who was considered a wise diplomat, kept his neutral policy between the Ming dynasty , which was Joseon's traditional ally, and

5893-455: The throne after leading a coup d'état against his uncle, Gwanghaegun , in 1623. Today, Injo is considered a weak and incompetent king, as during his reign the country experienced Yi Gwal's Rebellion , the Later Jin invasion , the Qing invasion , and an economic recession, while the government was corrupt and ineffective. King Injo was born in 1595 as a son of Prince Jeongwon , whose father

5976-486: The time of Seonjo 's death, the Northern faction, which gained control of the government at the time, was divided into left-wing Greater Northerners and more moderate Lesser Northerners. As Gwanghaegun inherited the throne, the Greater Northern political faction, which supported him as heir to the crown, became the major political faction in the royal court. Meanwhile, the conservative Western political faction remained

6059-415: The traditional use of piled volcanic stones, often without any adhesives between them, on Jeju Island. Various structures, namely walls around fields (called batdam ) are created. It is considered a skill to be able to create a resilient doldam structure, using only gravity and the angular shapes of the rocks, that can resist Jeju's strong winds. Such structures can be found throughout Jeju, and are used for

6142-400: The two 'Guns' reverted again to 'hyeon'. In 1895, Jeju-mok was redesigned as Jeju-Bu with a governor (Gwanchalsa) and Vice-governor (Chamsagwan) and a police agency was newly established, while in both Jeongui and Daejeong the offices of 'Gunsu' (county chief) were re-established. The very next year, the office of 'Gunsu' was abolished and the old system was restored. Then in 1906, abolishing

6225-461: The two counties were split into seven towns ( eup ) and five districts ( myeon ). The seven cities and five districts were then divided into 551 villages ( ri ). In 2005, Jeju residents approved, by referendum, a proposal to merge Bukjeju County into Jeju City , and Namjeju County into Seogwipo . Effective July 1, 2006, the province was also renamed Jeju Special Self-Governing Province with two minor subdivisions, Jeju City and Seogwipo. In addition to

6308-475: The ultra-conservative Westerners faction, Kim Ja-jeom , Kim Ryu , Yi Gwi and Yi Gwal , launched a coup that resulted in the dethroning of Gwanghaegun , who was sent into exile on Jeju Island . Jeong In-hong and Yi Yicheom were killed, and this was followed suddenly by the Westerners replacing the Greater Northerners as the ruling political faction. The Westerners brought Injo to the palace and crowned him as

6391-452: Was called Ying Prefecture and nobody lived there. Three gods, Yang Eul-na ( 양을나 ; 良乙那 ), Go Eul-na ( 고을나 ; 高乙那 ) and Bu Eul-na ( 부을나 ; 夫乙那 ) were appeared in Samsong hyeol ( 삼성혈 ; 三姓穴 ) at the south foot of Tanna mountain ( 탄나산 ; 漢拏山 ). And they were ancestor of people in Jeju island. One day, they were looking at Tanna mountain ( 탄나산 ; 漢拏山 ) and discovered

6474-507: Was completed in 2016. In 2018, 500 refugees fleeing the civil war in Yemen came to Jeju Island, causing unease and racial tensions among the residents of Jeju Island. Jeju Province is the least populous province in South Korea; at the end of September 2020, the total resident registration population is 672,948, of which 4,000 of the total provincial population reside on outlying islands such as

6557-421: Was dethroned, while Injo had almost no achievements during his reign and was still given a temple name. Blamed for not taking care of his kingdom, many people regard King Injo as a model for politicians not to follow; yet, he is credited for reforming the military and expanding the defense of the nation to prepare for war, since the nation had several military conflicts from 1592 to 1636. Injo died in 1649. His tomb

6640-424: Was raised to the status of Jeju-eup or 'township,' which gave the island one township (today's Jeju-si area) and 12 'myeon'. In 1945, Japan relinquished sovereignty over Korea and on September 1, 1955, Jeju Township was elevated to city status with 40 administrative wards, which, on January 1, 1962, were reduced to 14 wards. On July 8, 1956, Seogwi, Daejeong and Hallim-myeons were raised to the status of townships while

6723-463: Was raised to the status of Udo district (myeon). The provincial area now administered 2 cities, 2 counties, 7 townships, 5 districts and 31 wards, the status of the province as of December 3, 1996. Until 2005, Jeju Province was divided into two cities ( si ), Jeju and Seogwipo, and two counties ( gun ), Bukjeju (North Jeju), and Namjeju (South Jeju), respectively. The two cities were further divided into thirty-one neighborhoods ( dong ). In contrast,

6806-400: Was the ruling monarch King Seonjo . In 1607, Prince Jeongwon 's son was given the title, Lord Neungyang (綾陽都正, 능양도정) and later Prince Neungyang (綾陽君, 능양군); and lived as a royal family member, unsupported by any political factions that were in control of Korean politics at the time. In 1608, King Seonjo fell sick and died, and his son, Gwanghaegun , succeeded him to the throne. At the time,

6889-604: Was unable to repel the invasion. Once again, Injo fled to Ganghwa Island . Meanwhile, the Later Jin had no reason to attack Joseon and decided to go back to prepare for war against the Ming, and peace soon settled. The Later Jin and Joseon dynasties were declared brother nations and the Later Jin withdrew from the Korean peninsula. However, most Westerners kept their hard-line policy despite the war. Nurhaci, who had generally good opinion toward Korea, did not invade Korea again; however, when Nurhaci died and Hong Taiji succeeded him as ruler,

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